COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYALLABUS FOR M. TECH. (ELECRICAL POWER SYSTEMS)

I SEMESTER

Code Group Subject L P CreditsDistribution Automation 3 0 3Reliability Engineering 3 0 3Microprocessor and Microcontroller 3 0 3Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)

3 0 3

Elective –I Reactive power Compensation and Management

3 0 3

Energy Auditing, Conversion and ManagementOperation Research

Elective -II Advanced Control Systems 3 0 3High Voltage Engineering and Insulation Co-OrdinationAnalysis of Power electronic Converters

Lab Machines and Power System Lab 0 3 2Seminar - - 2 Total Credits (6 Theory + 1 Lab.) 22

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION

Unit 1:Distribution Automation and the utility system :Introduction to Distribution Automation (DA), control system interfaces, control and data requirements, centralized (Vs) decentralized control, DA System (DAS), DA Hardware, DAS software.

Unit 2:Distribution Automation Functions :DA capabilities, Automation system computer facilities, management processes, Information management, system reliability management, system efficiency management, voltage management, Load management.

Unit 3:Communication Systems for DA :DA communication requirements, Communication reliability, Cost effectiveness, Data rate Requirements, Two way capability, Ability to communicate during outages and faults, Ease of operation and maintenance, Conforming to the architecture of data flow

Unit 4:Communication systems used in DA :Distribution line carrier (Power line carrier), Ripple control, Zero crossing technique, telephone, cable TV, Radio, AM broadcast, FM SCA, VHF Radio, UHF Radio, Microwave satellite. fiber optics, Hybrid Communication systems, Communication systems used in field tests.

Unit 5:Technical Benefits:DA benefit categories, Capital deferred savings, Operation and Maintenance savings, Interruption related savings, Customer related savings, Operational savings, Improved operation, Function benefits, Potential benefits for functions, function shared benefits, Guidelines for formulation of estimating equations

Unit 6:Parameters required, economic impact areas, Resources for determining benefits impact on distribution system, integration of benefits into economic evaluation.

Unit 7: Economic Evaluation Methods:Development and evaluation of alternate plans, Select study area, Select study period, Project load growth, Develop Alternatives, Calculate operating and maintenance costs, Evaluate alternatives.

Unit 8:Economic comparison of alternate plans, Classification of expenses and capital expenditures, Comparison of revenue requirements of alternative plans, Book Life and Continuing plant analysis, Year by year revenue requirement analysis, short term analysis, end of study adjustment, Break even analysis, Sensitivity analysiscomputational aids.

REFERENCE :1. IEEE Tutorial Course “Distribution Automation”2 IEEE Working Group on “Distribution Automation”

RELIABILITY ENGINEERING

Unit 1:Elements of probability theory Probability distributions : Random variables, density and distribution functions. Mathematical expectation. Binominal distribution, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, exponential distribution, Weibull distribution.

Unit 2:Definition of Reliability. Significance of the terms appearing in the definition. Component reliability, Hazard rate, derivation of the reliability function in terms of the hazard rate. Hazard models.

Unit 3:Failures: Causes of failures, types of failures ( early failures, chance failures and wear-out failures). Modes of failure. Bath tub curve. Effect of preventive maintenance. Measures of reliability: mean time to failure and mean time between failures.

Unit 4:Reliability logic diagrams ( reliability block diagrams) Classification of engineering systems: series, parallel, series-parallel, parallel-series and non-series-parallel configurations. Expressions for the reliability of the basic configurations.

Unit 5:Reliability evaluation of Non-series-parallel configurations: minimal tie-set, minimal cut-set anddecomposition methods. Deduction of the minimal cutsets from the minimal pathsets.

Unit 6:Discrete Markov Chains: General modelling concepts, stochastic transitional probability matrix, time dependent probability evaluation and limiting state probability evaluation. Absorbing states.

Unit 7:Continuous Markov Processes: Modelling concepts, State space diagrams, Stochastic TransitionalProbability Matrix, Evaluating limiting state Probabilities. Reliability evaluation of repairable systems.

Unit 8:Series systems, parallel systems with two and more than two components, Network reduction techniques. Minimal cutset/failure mode approach.

TEXT BOOKS :1. “ RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF ENGINEERING SYSTEMS”, Roy Billinton and Ronald N Allan, Plenum Press.

MICROCROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

Unit 1: 8086/8088 processors : Introduction to 8086 Microprocessors, ,Architecture, Addressingmodes, Instruction set, Register Organization, Assembler directives.

Unit 2: Hard ware description: Pindiagram signal description min AND max modes, bus timing, ready AND wait states, 8086 based micro computing system.

Unit 3: Special features AND Related Programming : Stack structure of 8086, Memory segmentation, Interrupts, ISR, NMI, MI and interrupt Programming, Macros.

Unit 4: Advanced Microprocessors: Intel 80386 programming model ,memory paging, Introduction to 80486, Introduction to Pentium Microprocessors and special Pentium pro features.

Unit 5 :-Basic peripherals AND Their Interfacing:-Memory Interfacing (DRAM) PPI- Modes of operation of 8255 ,Interfacing to ADC AND DAC.

Unit 6:- Special Purpose of Programmable Peripheral Devices and Their interfacing :-Programmable interval timer , 8253 , PIC 8259A,display controller Programmable communication Interface 8251,USART and Exercises.

Unit 7 :-Microcontrollers : Introduction to Intel 8 bit AND16 bit Microcontrollers, 8051- Architecture, Memory organization, Addressing Modes and exercises

Unit 8:- Hardware description of 8051: Instruction formats ,Instruction sets, interrupt Structure AND interrupt priorities, Port structures AND Operation linear counter Functions ,different Modes of Operation and Programming examples.

TEXT BOOKS :-1.”The Intel Microprocessors” Architecture Programming AND Interfacing by Barry b Brey.2.Advanceed Microprocessors by kenrith J Ayala , Thomson publishers.3.Microcontrollers by kentrith J ayala,Thomson publishers.

Reference Books:-1. Microprocessors AND Interfacing Programming AND Hard ware by DOUGLAS V.Hall2. Microprocessors AND Microcontrollers by Prof. C.R.Sarma

FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

Unit 1:FACTS Concepts:Transmission interconnections power flow in an AC system, loading capability limits, Dynamic stability considerations, importance of controllable parameters basic types of FACTS controllers, benefits from FACTS controllers.

Unit 2:Voltage Source Converters:Single phase three phase full wave bridge converters transformer connections for 12 pulse 24 and 48 pulse operation.

Unit 3:Three level voltage source converter, pulse width modulation converter, basic concept of current source Converters, comparison of current source converters with voltage source converters.

Unit 4:Static Shunt Compensation:Objectives of shunt compensation, mid point voltage regulation voltage instability prevention, improvement of transient stability, Power oscillation damping,

Unit 5:Methods of controllable var generation, variable impedance type static var generators switching converter type var generators hybrid var generators.

Unit 6:SVC and STATCOM:The regulation and slope transfer function and dynamic performance, transient stability enhancement and power oscillation damping operating point control and summary of compensator control.

Unit 7:Static Series Compensators:concept of series capacitive compensation, improvement of transient stabillity, power oscillation damping

Unit 8:Functional requirements. GTO thyristor controlled series capacitor(GSC) , thyristor switched series capacitor(TSSC), and thrystor controlledseries capaci-tor(TCSC) control schemes for GSC TSSC and TCSC.

Text Book :“Understanding FACTS Devices” N.G. Hingorani and L. Guygi. IEEE Press Publications 2000.

REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION AND MANAGEMENT(Elective-I)

UNIT I: Load CompensationObjectives and specifications – reactive power characteristics – inductive and capacitive approximate biasing – Load compensator as a voltage regulator – phase balancing and power factor correction of unsymmetrical loads- examples.

UNIT II: Steady – state reactive power compensation in transmission system:Uncompensated line – types of compensation – Passive shunt and series and dynamic shunt compensation –examples

UNIT III: Transient state reactive power compensation in transmission systems:Characteristic time periods – passive shunt compensation – static compensations- series capacitor compensation –compensation using synchronous condensers – examples

UNIT-IV: Reactive power coordination:Objective – Mathematical modeling – Operation planning – transmission benefits – Basic concepts of quality of power supply – disturbances- steady –state variations – effects of under voltages – frequency –Harmonics, radio frequency and electromagnetic interferences UNIT-V: Demand side management:Load patterns – basic methods load shaping – power tariffs- KVAR based tariffs penalties for voltage flickers and Harmonic voltage levels

UNIT-VI: Distribution side Reactive power Management:System losses –loss reduction methods – examples – Reactive power planning – objectives – Economics Planning capacitor placement – retrofitting of capacitor banks

UNIT-VII: User side reactive power management:KVAR requirements for domestic appliances – Purpose of using capacitors – selection of capacitors – deciding factors – types of available capacitor, characteristics and Limitations

UNIT-VIII: Reactive power management in electric traction systems and are furnaces:Typical layout of traction systems – reactive power control requirements – distribution transformers- Electric arc furnaces – basic operations- furnaces transformer –filter requirements – remedial measures –power factor of an arc furnace

Reference Books:1. Reactive power control in Electric power systems by T.J.E.Miller, John Wiley and sons, 1982 (Units I to IV)2. Reactive power Management by D.M.Tagare,Tata McGraw Hill,2004.(Units V toVIII)

ENERGY AUDITING, CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT(Elective-I)

Unit I Basic principles of Energy auditEnergy audit- definitions, concept , types of audit, energy index, cost index ,pie charts, Sankey diagrams, load profiles, Energy conservation schemes- Energy audit of industries- energy saving potential, energy audit of process industry, thermal power station, building energy audit

Unit II Energy managementPrinciples of energy management, organizing energy management program, initiating, planning, controlling, promoting, monitoring, reporting- Energy manger, Qualities and functions, language, Questionnaire – check list for top management

Unit III Energy efficient MotorsEnergy efficient motors , factors affecting efficiency, loss distribution , constructional details , characteristics - variable speed , variable duty cycle systems, RMS hp- voltage variation-voltage unbalance- over motoring- motor energy audit

Unit IV Power Factor Improvement, Lighting and energy instrumentsPower factor – methods of improvement , location of capacitors , Pf with non linear loads, effect of harmonics on p.f. , p.f motor controllers - Good lighting system design and practice, lighting control ,lighting energy audit - Energy Instruments- watt meter, data loggers, thermocouples, pyrometers,lux meters, tongue testers ,application of PLC’s

Unit V Economic aspects and analysisEconomics Analysis-Depreciation Methods, time value of money, rate of return , present worth method , replacement analysis, life cycle costing analysis- Energy efficient motors- calculation of simple payback method, net present worth method- Power factor correction, lighting - Applications of life cycle costing analysis, return on investment .

Reference Books:1. Energy management by W.R. Murphy AND G. Mckay Butter worth, Heinemann

publications.2. Energy management by Paul o’ Callaghan, Mc-graw Hill Book company-1st edition,

19983. Energy efficient electric motors by John .C. Andreas, Marcel Dekker Inc Ltd-2nd edition,

1995-4. Energy management hand book by W.C.Turner, John wiley and sons5. Energy management and good lighting practice : fuel efficiency- booklet12-EEO

OPERATION RESEARCH Elective -I

Unit I:Linear Programming Problem: Formulation - Graphical method - Simplex method - Artificialvariable techniques - Big-M tune -phase methodsInit II:Duality theorem - Dual simplex method - Sensitivity analysis - effect of changes in cost coefficients,Constraint constants, Addition/Deletion of variables AND constraintsUnit III:Transportation problem - formulation - Initial basic feasible solution methods - Northwest, Leastcost AND Vogels methods, MODI optimization - Unbalanced AND degeneracy treatmentUnit IV:Assignment problem - Formulation - Hungarian method - Variants of assignment problems,Sequencing problems - Flow shop sequencing - n jobsx2 machines sequencing - n jobsx3 machinessequencing Job-shop sequencing - 2 jobsxm machines sequencing - Graphical methodsUnit V:Game Theory - Introduction - Terminology - Saddle point games - with out Saddle point games -2x2 games, analytical method - 2\n and mx2 games - graphical method - dominance principleUoit VI;Dynamic programming - Bellman's principle of optimality - short route - capital investment -inventory allocationUnit VII:Non linear optimization - Single variable optimization problem - Unimodal function - Eliminationmethods - Fibinocci AND Golden reaction methods - Interpolation methods - Quadratic AND cubicinterpolation method.Multi variable optimization problem - Direct research methods - Univariam method ■ Pattern searchmethods - Powell's, Hook-Jeaves AND Rosen-brock's search method.tnit V1I1:Geometric programming - Polynomial - Arithmetic - Seametric inequality - Unconstrained G:P -Constraint G.P with:S; type constraint.Simulation: Definition - Types- steps- Simulation of simple electrical systems - Advantages andDisadvantages

TEXT BOOKS:1. Optimization theory AND Applications - S.S.Rao, New Age Internationals2. Operations Research - S.D.Sharma, Galgotia publishers3. Operations Research - Kausur AND Kumar, Spinger PublishersREFERENCES:1. Optimization techniques: Theory AND Practice - M.C.Joshi AND KM. More Ugalya,

NarosaPublications

2. Optimization: Theory AND Practice - Beweridze, Me Graw Hill3. Simulation Modelling AND Analysis - Law AND Kelton - TMH4. Optimization Concepts and Applications in Engineering- A.D. Belegundu, 1R.

Chandrupata,Pearson Education, Asia

ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEMS

Unit IControl System Design by the root locus method-lead, lag and lag-lead compensation, PI, PD, PID Controllers design procedures and examples.

Unit IIControl System Design by frequency response approach-lead, lag lag-lead compensation, PI, PD, PID Controllers – design procedures and examples.

Unit III: Eigen value and Eigen vector sensitivities in linear systems theory:Continuous time systems: Introduction, first – order Eigen value sensitivities, first – order Eigen vector sensitivities, second order Eigen value sensitivities, second – order Eigen vector sensitivities

Unit IV: Mode – Controllability matrix:Distinct Eigen values, confluent Eigen values associated with a single Jordan block, confluent Eigen values associated with a number of distinct Jordan blocks, confluent Eigen values associated with a number of non- distinct Jordan blocks

Unit V: Mode – Controllability structure of multivariable linear systems:Introduction, Distinct eigen values, confluent eigen values associated with single Jordan block, confluent eigen values associated with a number of distinct Jordan blocks

Unit VI: Mode –observability matrices:Distinct Eigen values, confluent Eigen values, mode observability structure of multi variable linear system: Introduction, Distinct Eigen values, confluent Eigen values

Unit VII: Non linear systems:Common physical non-linearities; the phase-plane method-basic concepts, singular points, construction of phase trajectories-Isocline and Delta methods. Describing function-basic concept-derivation of describing functions-stability analysis by describing function method.

Unit VIII: Lyapunov stability analysis:Second method of Lyapunov, stability in the sense of Lyapunov, construction of Lyapunov function- Krasovskii’s and variable gradient methods. Lyapunov stability analysis of linear time-invariant systems.

Reference Books:1. Modern Control Engineering - K.Ogata – PHI - 3rd edition.2. Control Systems Engineering – I.J.Nagrath, M.Gopal – New Age International -3rd edition.3. Control Systems – N.K.Sinha - New Age International - 3rd edition,4. Automatic Control Systems – B.C.Kuo – PHI – 7th edition.5. Modern Control Systems – HSU AND MEYER

6. Modal control theory and applications Brian porterAND Roger crossley

HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING AND INSULATION CO-ORDINATIONElective-II

Unit 1: Conduction and Breakdown in Gases:lonization process. Twonsend's current growth equation, current growth in the secondary processes,Twonsend's criterion for breakdown, streamer theory of breakdown in gases, Paschen Jaw,breakdown in nun unifonn fields and corona discharge.Unit II : Conduction, Breakdown in liquids and solids:Pure liquids and commercial liquids, conduction and breakdown in pure liquids, breakdown in solidsdielectrics, Intrinsic breakdown, Electromechanical breakdown and ihennal breakdown.Unit III : Generation of High Voltage and Currents:Generation of high D,C\ generation of high alternating voltages, generation of impulse voltages,generation of impulse currents, tripping and control of impulse generatorsUnit IV : Measurement of high voltage and currents:Measurement of high d,c. voltages, Measurement of high a.c, and impulse voltages,Measurement of high d,c. ax. and impulse currents. Calhoae Ray Oscilloscope for impulse voltageand current measurements.Unit V ; Testing of Materials and ApparatusMeasurement of D.C. resistivity, measurement of dielectric constant and loss factor; partial discharge measurements, testing of insulators, bushing, circuits breakers, transformers and surge divertors.Unit VI : Over Voltage Phenomenon Insulation Coordination:Causes of over voltage, lighting phenomenon, switching ovtr voltages and power frequency overvoltages in power systems,Unit VII : Insulation Coordination:Principle of insulation coordination on high voltage and extra high voltage power systems.Unit VIII: Gas insulated substations:Advantages of Gas Insulated Substations, Comparison of Gas Insulated substations and Air InsulatedSubstations, Design and Layout of Gas Insulated Substations, Description of Various components in GIS.TEXT BOOKS:1. High Voltage Engineering by M.S.Naidu and V.Kamaraju - TMH.2. High Voltage Engineering fundamentals by KufTo! and Zungel, E'lsavier Publications3. Switchgear By BHEL, TMHREFERENCES:1. Fundamentals of Gaseous lonization and plasma Electronics by Essam Nasser - Wiley – inter Science,2. High Voltage Technology by A.L. Alston3. Gaseous Dielectrics by Arora, TMH

ANALYSIS OF POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERSElective II

Unit I Single Phase AC Voltage Controllers.Single phase AC voltage controllers with Resistive, Resistive-inductive and Resistive-inductive-induced e.m.f, loads - ac voltage controllers with PWM Control - Effects of source and load inductances _ Synchronous tap changers Applications - numerical problems.Unit H Three Phase AC Voltage Controllers.Three phase AC voltage controllers - Analysis of controllers with star and delta Connected Resistive, Resistive-inductive loads - Effects of source and load Inductances - applications -numerical problems.Unit IH Cycloconverters.Single phase to single phase eye 1 oconverters - analysis of midpoint and bridge Configurations -Three phase to three phase eye 1 oconverters - analysis of Midpoint and bridge configurations -Limitations - Advantages - Applications - numerical problems.Unit IV Single Phase Converters.Single phase converters - Half controlled and Fully controlled converters / Evaluation of input power factor and harmonic factor - continuous and Discontinuous load current - single phase dual converters - power factor Improvements - Extinction angle control- symmetrical angle controlPWM - single phase sinusoidal PWM - single phase series -converters Applications - Numerical problems.Unit V Three Phase Converters.Three phase converters - Half controlled and fully controlled converters Evaluation of input power factor and harmonic factor - continuous and Discontinuous load current - three phase dual converters - power factor Improvements - three phase PWM - twelve pulse converters - applications Numerical problems.Unit VI D.C to D.C. Converters-Analysis of step-down and step-up dc to dc converters with resistive and Resistive-inductive load^ -Switched mode regulators - Analysis of Buck Regulators - Boost regulators - buck and boost regulators - Cuk regulators Condition for continuous inductor current and capacitor voltage -comparison Of regulators -Multioutput boost converters - advantages - applications Numerical problems.Unit VII Pulse Width Modulated inverters(single phase).Principle of operation - performance parameters - single phase bridge inverter voltage and current with resistive, inductive and Capacitive loads - Voltage control of single phase inverters - single PWM - Multiple PWM - sinusoidal PWM - modified PWM - phase displacement evaluation of output Control - Advanced modulation techniques for improved performance Trapezoidal, staircase, stepped, harmonic injection and delta modulation Advantage - application - numerical problems.

Unit VIII Pulse Width Modulated inverters(three phase).Three phase inverters - analysis of 180 degree condition for output voltage And current with resistive, inductive loads - analysis of 120 degree Conduction - voltage control of three phase inverters - sinusoidal PWM Third Harmonic PWM - 60 degree PWM - space vector modulation -Comparison of PWM techniques - harmonic reductions

- Current Source Inverter - variable d.c. link inverter - boost inverter - buck and boost inverter - inverter circuit design - advantages - applications - numerical problems.Textbooks:

1 Power Electronics - Mohammed H. Rashid - Pearson Education -Third Edition - First Indian reprint 2004.

2 Power Electronics - Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland and William P. Robbins - John Wiley AND Sons Second Edition.

MACHINES AND POWER SYSTEMS LAB

Any 8 experiments from the following

1. Fault analysis of 3-phase Alternator2. Determination of Xd and Xq for a 3-phase salient pole Synchronous motor3. IDMT (Inverse Definite Minimum Time) relay characteristics4. Determination of Breakdown strength of oil by Variable Distance Electrodes5. Determination of Transmission Line Parameters6. Fault Analysis (LL, LG, LLL) of transmission Lines7. Determination of Earth resistance under various conditions8. Milli Volt Drop Test (Calibration of Tongtester)9. Breakdown characteristics of Sphere air gap10. Breakdown characteristics of Plane Rod gap

The following experiments are compulsory11. Speed Control of Variable voltage, Variable frequency inverter fed Induction Motor12. Four Quadrant operation of Separately Excited D.C motor using Chopper