M.Tech- Power Systems : Syllabus and Scheme of Teaching

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M.Tech.: Power Systems

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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Vision

The Electrical & Electronics Engineering department at NIE will be an

internationally acclaimed centre of excellence imparting quality education for the

benefit of academia, industry and society at large.

Mission

To be dedicated and coherent team putting in relentless harmonious effort for the

dissemination of quality education in theory and applications of electrical

engineering encompassing the state-of-the-art for the benefit of Academia,

Industry and Society at large.

M.Tech (Power Systems)

Graduate Attributes

1. Scholarship of Knowledge :

Ability to absorb in-depth knowledge and acquire skills in the area of their

discipline.

2. Critical Thinking

Analyse complex engineering problems by applying innovative thinking for

solving practical problems.

3. Problem Solving

Ability to Identify, formulate and Analyse real world problems.

4. Research Skill

Ability to apply appropriate research methodologies and use modern tools

for analysis and design of systems.

5. Usage of modern tools

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Learn and apply appropriate tools and techniques to solve complex

Engineering problems.

6. Collaborative and Multidisciplinary work

Ability to work individually and as a team member in multidisciplinary and

multi cultural environment.

7. Project Management and Finance

Ability to manage projects in multidisciplinary environment with sound

knowledge of prevailing managerial and financial practices.

8. Communication

Ability to communicate and interact effectively with the engineering

community and the society at large as an individual or as a team leader.

9. Life-long Learning

Ability to sustain interest in lifelong learning in a continuously changing

environment.

10. Ethical Practices and Social Responsibility

Ability to adapt and practice ethics in engineering in a socially and

technologically changing scenario.

11. Independent and Reflective Learning

Observe and examine critically the outcomes of one‟s own actions and take

corrective measures to facilitate learning by introspection.

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Program Educational Objectives

PEO1: Our graduates will excel in industry / academia by acquiring competence in

design, analysis, operation and control of power systems.

PEO2: Our graduates will exhibit creative and critical reasoning skills to

comprehend, Analyse, design and implement solutions for real world problems.

PEO3: Our graduates will exhibit social and managerial skills to succeed in their

professional career.

PEO4: Our graduates will engage in lifelong learning and serve society ethically

and responsibly as an individual or as a team member.

Program Outcomes

Students graduating from M.Tech (Power systems) of Electrical & Electronics

Engineering Department shall have the:

PO1: Ability to apply the knowledge of electrical power industry regarding

generation, transmission and distribution.

PO2: Ability to apply critical and innovative skills to design and develop

hardware, software to solve real world problems.

PO3: Ability to employ state-of- the art tools and research methodologies in

learning process.

PO4: Ability to practice ethics in engineering traits.

PO5: Ability for effective presentation and communication skills.

PO6: Ability to function productively across multidisciplinary teams.

PO7: Ability to manage projects in multidisciplinary environment with best in

class managerial and financial practices.

PO8: Ability for lifelong learning and implement best engineering practices.

PO9: Ability to observe one‟s own actions critically and to take corrective

measures for reflective learning.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

I SEMESTER–M.Tech (Power Systems)

Sl.

No.

Subject

Code Subject

Teaching hours per week Credits

L T P

1. MPS0501 Power Electronics Devices

and Circuits 4 2 0 05

2. MPS0502 Dynamics of Linear Systems 4 2 0 05

3. MPS0503 Advanced Power System

Analysis and Stability 4 0 2 05

4. MPS05XX Elect-1 4 2 0 05

5. MPS05XX Elect-2 4 2 0 05

6. AEM0401 Applied Engineering

Mathematics 4 0 0 04

TOTAL 24 08 02 29

Elective – 1

Subject code Courses L T P Credits

MPS0507 Advanced Power System

Protection 4 2 0 05

MPS0508 Integration of Distributed

Generation in Power System 4 2 0 05

MPS0509 Object Oriented Programming

with C++ 4 2 0 05

Elective – 2


MPS0510 SCADA & AI Applications to

Power Systems 4 2 0 05

MPS0511 HVDC Power Transmission 4 2 0 05

MPS0512 Advanced Electrical Machines 4 2 0 05

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II SEMESTER-M.Tech (Power Systems)

Sl.

No.

Subject

Code Subject

Teaching hours per week Credits

L T P

1. MPS0504 Economic Operation of

Power Systems 4 0 2 05

2. MPS0505 Flexible AC Transmission

Systems 4 2 0 05

3. MPS0506 Power System Dynamics

and Control 4 2 0 05

4. MPS0403

Electrical Power

Distribution Automation

and control

4 0 0 04

5. MPS04XX Elect-3 4 0 0 04

6. MPS04XX Elect-4 4 0 0 04

7. MPS0202 Fundamentals of project

management 2 0 0 02

TOTAL 26 04 02 29

Elective – 3


MPS0404 Electric Power Quality 4 0 0 04

MPS0405 Non-Linear Control Systems 4 0 0 04

MPS0406 Power System Reliability

Engineering 4 0 0 04

Elective – 4


MPS0407 Smart Grid 4 0 0 04

MPS0408 Planning and management of

Restructuring of Power

Systems

4 0 0 04

MPS0409 EHV AC Transmission 4 0 0 04

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III SEMESTER-M.Tech (Power Systems)

Sl.No. Subject code Subject Credits

1. MPS0201 Seminar 02

2. MPS0402 Industrial Training 04

3. MPS0801 Preliminary Project Work 08

TOTAL 14

IV SEMESTER-M.Tech (Power Systems)

Sl.No. Subject code Subject Credits

1. MPS2801 Final Project Work 28

TOTAL 28

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Power Electronics Devices and Circuits (4-2-0)

Sub Code : MPS0501 CIE : 50% Marks

Hrs/week : 6 Hrs SEE : 50% Marks

SEE Hrs : 3 Hrs Max marks : 100

Course Outcomes

On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

1. Analyse losses in Power device under static and dynamic switching conditions

2. Discuss the principle of operations and switching characteristics forThyristor , GTO,

Asymmetrical SCR, and MCT etc.

3. Explain the configurations and operations of line commutated converter

4. Analyse of different types of chopper quadrant operation and switching control circuits

5. Explain the operations of inverters and different techniques for shaping and control of

output voltage

6. Explain the functional blocks and circuit topologies of SMPS converter

UNIT 1 : Power Semiconductor Devices-I: Introduction, Types of static switches, Static and

dynamic performance of a switch, power diodes, power bipolar junction transistors and power

darlington‟s, Problems. 8 Hours

SLE- directional current and voltage capabilities of static switch

UNIT 2 : Power Semiconductor Devices–II: The Asymmetrical Thyristor, inverter grade

thyristor, Field controlled thyristor, The reverse conducting thyristor, Light-Fired Thyristors,

The Gate Turn Off Thyristor (GTO), SITH ,MCT, static induction thyristor, silicon controlled

switch. Problems. 8 Hours

SLE- Status of development of power switching devices

UNIT3: Line commutated converter: Functional circuit block of Line commutated converter,

direction of power flow-inverter operation , phase controlled converter single and two quadrant

operations ,converter for HVDC power link, midpoint configuration , waveform with large

inductive smoothing ,effect of firing angle on AC side power factor, transformer connection

10 Hours SLE: Inversion mode. Causes of commutation failure.

UNIT 4 : Choppers: Introduction, voltage step down chopper, Voltage step up chopper, two

quadrant chopper, Multiphase choppers, Thyristors choppers, Switching control circuit for

chopper converters, problems. 8Hours

SLE: Coupled reactor in multiphase choppers

UNIT 5: Inverters: Introduction-functions and features of inverters. Inverter applications, types

of inverters. Half bridge inverter, Adjustment of AC frequency and AC voltage, output

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waveform considerations, the full bridge configuration, control of AC output voltage-pulse width

modulation, Shaping of output voltage wave form-sinusoidal pulse width modulation(SPWM),

three phase inverter, input ripple current-use of an input filter, inverter operation with rev

erse power flow, problems. 10 Hours

SLE: SPWM with reverse voltage excursions

UNIT 6: Switched Mode Power Supply: Functional circuit blocks of an OFF Line switcher,

The front end rectifier, SMPS circuit topologies- Buck converter circuit configuration,working

principle,duty cycle constraint, Boost converter , Buck –boost converter , cuck converter

8Hours

SLE: Resonant converter

TEXT BOOK: 1. “Power Electronics Devices and Circuits”, Joseph Vithayathil, Tata-McGraw Hill, 2010.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Power Electronics”, M.D. Singh and Khanchandani K.B, 2001.

2. “Power Electronics”, M.H.Rashid, 3rd

edition, P.H.I. /Pearson, New Delhi, 2002.

.

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Dynamics of Linear Systems (4-2-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Model electrical and electro mechanical systems in state space and Analyse the

dynamic behavior of these systems.

2. Develop solutions of the state equations of LTI and linear time varying systems.

3. Apply the concepts of controllability and observability to check whether a solution

exists to optimal control problem.

4. Develop models of MIMO systems and Analyse their closed loop stability.

5. Discuss different techniques for pole-placement by state feedback and

design full-order state observers to estimate unmeasurable state variables.

6. Design minimum-order observers and servo system and study their effect on system

stability.

UNIT 1: State space representation of physical systems, canonical forms, State space

representation of generator represented by the classical model, equilibrium points, stability of a

dynamic system, analysis of stability, linearization. 8 Hours

SLE: Liapunov Stability analysis of LTI systems

UNIT 2: Eigen properties of the state matrix, modal matrices, free motion of a dynamic system,

mode shape, sensitivity, and participation factors, diagonalization. Computation of state

transition matrix, solution of state equations, transfer function from state space model. 9 Hours

SLE: Linear time-varying systems.

UNIT 3 : Controllability and observability, Kalman‟s and Gilbert‟s tests, PBH test, State

variable equations of composite systems, effects of pole-zero cancellation, subsystems of

composite systems. 9 Hours

SLE: Physical interpretation of pole-zero cancellation

UNIT 4 : Introduction to MIMO systems, Transfer matrix, Non-interaction in MIMO systems,

Models for multivariable systems, Matrix fraction descriptions(MFD), Poles and zeros of

MIMO systems, Basic MIMO control loop, Closed-loop stability.

9 Hours

SLE: Stability in MFD form

UNIT 5 : Pole placement by state feedback, Different methods of computing state feedback

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gain matrix, Full-order state observer, Different methods of designing full-order state observer,

Effects of addition of observer on closed-loop system. 9 Hours

SLE: Transfer function for the controller-observer

UNIT 6: Minimum-order observer, Different methods of designing minimum-order state

observer, Design of servo systems, Design of type 1 servo system when the plant has an

integrator, Design of type 1 servo system when the plant has no integrator. 8 Hours

SLE: Observed-state feedback control system with minimum-order observer

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Modern Control Engineering” , Katsuhiko Ogata, 3rd

edition, Prentice Hall of India.

2. “Modern Control Systems”, Richard C.Dorf and Robert H. Bishop, 8th

edition, Addison-

Wesley.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Control Systems Engineering”, Nagrath and Gopal, New Age International (P) Limited.

2. “Power System Stability and Control”, P. Kundur, McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Page 12 of 49

Advanced Power System Analysis and Stability (4-0-2)




Course Outcomes


1. Apply the different Load Flow Techniques to given Power System and Analyse the

given system for security studies.

2. Analyse the symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults to a given system.

3. Remember the definitions of Stability and Evaluate Small signal stability of SMIB

system using eigenvalues.

4. Explain different numerical techniques for transient stability

5. Describe the fundamentals of voltage stability, voltage instability, voltage collapse and

to remember the different voltage stability indicators

6. Explain the concept of state estimation and system security

7. Create and Solve Power System Problems using simulation Software and interpret the

results.

UNIT 1: Power Flow Methods: Introduction, Modeling of Power System Components, Power

Flow Equations, Formation of Ybus Matrix, Power Flow Solution Algorithms, Newton Raphson

Load Flow Method, Fast Decoupled Load Flow Method, DC Load Flow Method, AC-DC

System Power Flow Analysis- Sequential and Simultaneous Solution Algorithms, Sparsity

directed Optimal Ordering Schemes, Solution Algorithms - LU Factorization. 10 Hours

SLE: Bifactorization and Iterative Methods.

UNIT 2: Analysis of Faulted Power System: Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Faults, Zbus

Formulation, Short Circuit Analysis of Large Power Systems using Zbus. 07 Hours

SLE: Analysis of Open Circuit faults.

UNIT 3: Transient Stability: Elementary View of Transient Stability, Numerical Integration

Methods: Euler‟s method, Modified Euler Method, Runge-Kutta method, Numerical Stability of

Explicit Integration Methods, Implicit Integration Methods, Performance of Protective Relaying,

Direct Method of Transient Stability analysis. 10 Hours

SLE: Methods of Improving Transient Stability.

UNIT 4: Voltage Stability: Definition and Classification, Mechanism of Voltage collapse,

Analysis of Voltage Stability, Modeling of Voltage Collapse, Voltage Security, Transient

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Voltage Stability, Power Transfer at Voltage Stability Limit, Maximum Power angle at Voltage

Stability Limit, Relation between Reactive Power Variation and System Stability. 08 Hours

SLE: Loading Limit of transmission system voltage

UNIT 5: Introduction to Voltage Stability Indicators, Fundamental Indicators using PV and QV

Curves, Criterion of Voltage Stability, Direct indicator of Voltage Stability, Voltage Stability

Index, Singular Value Decomposition. Expression for different indicators, voltage stability

evaluation, effect of system reactance and power factor. 10 Hours

SLE: Relation with off nominal tap ratio.

UNIT 6: State Estimation and Security: Introduction to State Estimation, Least Squares

Estimation and Weighted Least Squares Estimation, State Estimation in AC Network,

Orthogonal Decomposition, Detection and Identification of Bad measurements, Network

Observability and Pseudo – measurements, Basic Concepts of Power System Security, Static

Security Analysis at Control Centers, Contingency Analysis. . 07 Hours

SLE: Contingency Selection

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Computer Modeling of Electrical Power Systems”, J. Arrillaga, C. P. Arnold and B. J.

Harker ,Wiley Inter-science Publications, John Wiley & Sons.

2. “Power System Stability and Control”, Prabha Kundur, Tata McGraw-Hill Edition.

3. “An Introduction to Reactive Power Control and Voltage Stability in Power

Transmission Systems”, A.K. Mukhopadhyay , D.P. Kothari , A. Chakrabarti, PHI

Publisher

4. “Power Generation, Operation, and Control”, Allen J. Wood and Bruce F.

Woollenberg”, 2nd

edition, John Wiley and Sons, INC.

Advanced Power System Analysis and Stability- Lab

1. Formation of Ybus

2. Development of Power flow programs for a given power system.

3. Formation of Zbus

4. Solution of Simultaneous differential equations by RK-4 and Modified Euler‟s method.

5. Simulation of Swing equation by numerical techniques.

6. Calculation of voltage stability indicators.

7. State estimation of power systems using D.C. load flow based WLS-SE and non-linear

WLS state estimation.

8. Calculation of network sensitivity factors and use of these factors for security analysis of

power system.

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_1/175-9558372-4269033/175-9558372-4269033?_encoding=UTF8&field-author=A.K.%20Mukhopadhyay&search-alias=books&sort=relevancerank

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Advanced Power System Protection (4-2-0)

Sub Code : MPS0507 CIE: 50% Marks


SEE Hrs : 3 Hrs Max marks: 100

Course Outcomes

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Discuss basic concepts of static relays and Analyse static relays through block

diagram approach.

2. Discuss concepts of amplitude and phase comparators and Analyse different

comparators through comparator equations.

3. Discuss Principle of Operation of distance protection and pilot relaying.

4. Discuss the operation of different micro processor based relays.

5. Discuss the concept of co ordination and testing and maintenance of protective relays.

6. Discuss the application of wavelet transform and Fourier transform to protection

system.

UNIT 1: Introduction to Static Relays: Definition of static relay, Advantages over

electromagnetic relay, General Block Diagram of Static Relay, Static Voltage and Current

Relays (Block Diagram Approach Only). 8 hours

SLE: Study of static voltage and frequency relay circuits.

UNIT 2: Comparators: Principle of amplitude and phase comparator, Derivation of general

equation of amplitude and phase comparators, Realization of Ohm, Impedance, Reactance, Mho

and Offset Mho relay characteristics from general equation, Types of amplitude comparator-

Rectifier bridge type, Direct comparator, Transductor type and Sampling type. Types of Phase

comparator – Coincidence type, Phase splitting type and Integrating type. 8 hours

SLE: Duality between amplitude and phase comparators.

UNIT 3: Distance Protection: 3 zone protection of transmission line section using distance rely,

operating principle and characteristics of impedance, reactance, Mho, offset Mho and Ohm

relays, switched distance schemes-star-delta switching, inter phase switching.

Pilot Relaying: Definition of Pilot, need of Pilot Relaying Scheme, types of pilots, wire pilot

protection-circulating current scheme, balanced voltage scheme, Transley S Scheme, half wave

comparison scheme (schematic diagram analysis only). Carrier current protection- phase

comparison and directional comparison schemes. 10 hours

SLE: Effect of arc resistance on the performance of distance relays.

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UNIT 4: Microprocessor based Protective Relays: Factors encouraging design of

Microprocessor based protective relays, general block diagram of Microprocessor based

protective relays, Microprocessor based over current relay, voltage relays, directional relays,

measurement of R and X, Microprocessor based distance relays- impedance relay, reactance

relay, Mho relay, offset Mho relay. 9 hours

SLE: Study program flowchart to differentiate between over current fault and transient fault.

UNIT 5: Co ordination: Co ordination of over current relays- time grading, current grading,

combined time and current grading. Fuse coordination and co-ordination between fuse and over

current relay.

Testing and Maintenance: Testing of Relays- Factory tests, commissioning tests, maintenance

tests. 9 hours

SLE: Study the difference between testing of electromagnetic and static relays.

UNIT 6: Digital Protection: Application of wavelet protection to power system protection-

transmission line protection, transformer protection, synchronous generator protection.

Numerical differential protection of generator and transformers. 8 hours

SLE: Aliasing and its impact on protective relays in digital protection.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. T.S.MadhavaRao, “Static Relays with Microprocessor Application” TMH,2009

2. Badriram and Vishwa Kharma, “Power System Protection and Switchgear”, 2nd edition,

TMH, 2011. 3. Bhavesh Bhalja. R P Maheshwari and Nilesh G. Chothani“Protection and Switchgear”

Oxford University Press, 2011.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Ravindranth and Chander, “Power System Protection and Switch Gear” New Age

International,2008.

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Integration of Distributed Generation in Power System (4-2-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Explain various non-conventional energy sources and methods of interfacing with grid.

2. Discuss the impact of distributed generation on general performance of power system

3. Discuss the impact of distributed generation on over loading and losses

4. Explain the impact of distributed generation on the voltage magnitude variations

5. Discuss the protection aspects for a power system with distributed generation

6. Explain the influence of distributed generation on transmission system operation

UNIT 1: Sources of Energy: Status and properties of Wind Power, power distribution as a

function of wind speed, status and properties of Solar Power, photo voltaic, status and properties

of Combined Heat and Power, properties of Hydro Power Interface with Grid, Tidal Power.

9 Hours

SLE: Wave Power, Geo Thermal Power

UNIT 2: Power System Performance: Impact of Distributed Generation on Power System

Performance, Hosting Capacity Approach, Power Quality and Design of Distributed Generation,

increasing the Hosting Capacity. 9 Hours

SLE: Hosting capacity approach for events

UNIT 3: Overloading and Losses: Impact of Distribution Generation on over loading and

losses, Overloading: Radial Distribution Network, Losses , Increasing the Hosting capacity

8 Hours

SLE: Increasing the Hosting capacity by risk based approaches

UNIT 4: Voltage Magnitude Variations: Impact of Distributed Generation, Voltage Margin

and Hosting capacity, voltage rise owing to distributed generation, hosting capacity and

measurements to determine hosting capacity, estimating the hosting capacity without

measurements, increasing the Hosting Capacity. 9 Hours

SLE: Numerical approach to Voltage variations

UNIT 5: Protection: Impact of Distributed Generation, over current Protection, upstream and

downstream faults, hosting capacity, fuse – recloser coordination, Bus bar protection, generator

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protection, general requirements, non controlled island operation, Increasing the Hosting

Capacity. 9 Hours

SLE: Basic method of islanding detection

UNIT 6: Transmission System Operation: Impact of Distributed Generation, Fundamentals of

Transmission System Operation, Balancing and Reserve, Voltage Stability, Angular Stability,

Increasing the Hosting Capacity. 8 Hours

SLE: Frequency control

TEXT BOOK:

Integration of Distributed Generation in the Power System By Math H. Bollen, Willey

IEEE Press.

Page 18 of 49

Object Oriented Programming with C++ (4-2-0)




Course Outcomes

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Distinguish object oriented paradigm with procedure oriented paradigm.

2. Describe the concept of classes and objects.

3. Discuss the concept of the constructors and destructors.

4. Discuss the different methods of inheritance.

5. Discuss the importance of virtual functions & polymorphism.

6. Discuss various types of operators for operator overloading.

UNIT 1: The evolution of the object model, the elements of the object model, Introduction to

C++: A Review of Structures, Procedure-Oriented Programming Systems, Object-Oriented

Programming Systems, Comparison of C++ with C, Console Input/Output in C++, Variables in

C++, Reference Variables in C++, Function Prototyping, Function Overloading, Default Values

for Formal Arguments of Functions, Inline Functions. 7 Hours

SLE: Compare & contrast object oriented paradigm with traditional methods with illustrations.

UNIT 2: Classes and Objects: Introduction to Classes and Objects, the nature of an object,

relationships among objects the nature of a class, relationships among classes, on building

quality objects and classes, important of proper classification, identifying classes and objects,

Member Functions and Member Data, Objects and Functions, Objects and Arrays, Namespaces,

Nested Classes. 7 Hours

SLE: Build, execute and Analyse the programs based on objects and classes.

UNIT 3: Dynamic Memory Management: Introduction, Dynamic Memory Allocation, Dynamic

Memory Deallocation, The set_new_handler () function. Constructors and Destructors:

Constructors, Destructors, The Philosophy of OOP. 6 Hours

SLE: Explore the concept of Constructors with two dimensional arrays.

UNIT 4:Inheritance: Introduction to Inheritance, Base Class and Derived Class Pointers,

Function Overriding, Base Class Initialization, The Protected Access Specifier, Deriving by

Different Access Specifiers, Different Kinds of Inheritance, Order of Invocation of Constructors

and Destructors. 7Hours

SLE: Build,edit,debug the programs based on the concept of inheritance.

Page 19 of 49

UNIT 5: Virtual Functions and Dynamic Polymorphism: The Need for Virtual Functions,

Virtual Functions, The Mechanism of Virtual Functions, Pure Virtual Functions, Virtual

Destructors and Virtual Constructors. 7 Hours

SLE: Analyse the real world problems appreciating the concept of polymorphism and virtual

functions.

UNIT 6: Operator Overloading: Operator Overloading, Overloading the Various Operators –

Overloading the Increment and the Decrement Operators (Prefix and Postfix), Overloading the

Unary Minus and the Unary Plus Operator, Overloading the Arithmetic Operators, Overloading

the Relational Operators, Overloading the Assignment Operator, Overloading the Insertion and

Extraction Operators, Overloading the new and the delete Operators, Overloading the Subscript

Operator, Overloading the Pointer-to-member (->) Operator (Smart Pointer).

6 Hours

SLE: Acquire the knowledge of operator overloading by illustrations.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Object-Oriented Programming with C++, Sourav Sahay, Oxford University Press,

2006. (Chapters 1 to 10).

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. The C++ program language by Bjarne Stroustrup Pearson Education Asia

2. C++ Primer, Stanley B. Lippman, Josee Lajoie, Barbara E. Moo, 4th

Edition, Addison

Wesley, 2005.

3. The Complete Reference C++, Herbert Schildt, 4th

Edition, TMH, 2005.

4. Object-Oriented analysis and Design with applications by GRADY BOOCH Published by

Addison Wesley

Page 20 of 49

SCADA and Artificial Intelligence Applications to Power Systems (4-2-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Recall computer applications for modern power system control

2. Describe the applications of SCADA and D-SCADA for power system control

3. Explain the architecture of measurement and data Acquisition systems

4. Explain the role of AI as applied to modern power systems and Explain Heuristic

search techniques

5. Apply Fuzzy logic techniques for power system operation and control

UNIT 1: Introduction: Role of Microcomputers and Computers in Modern Power System

Control, Classification of Microcomputer and Microcontrollers and Computers, Relative

Comparison of Architectures as applied to Power System applications; computer assisted control

of power systems, completely controlled or automated power system control, distribution

automation. 9 Hours

SLE: Intelligent Electronic Devices

UNIT 2: SCADA and DSCADA Features: Software Security Functions of SCADA, digital

configuration of SCADA computers system, remote terminal unit (RTU), DMS applications,

Automatic meter recording (AMR), master-slave operation of SCADA and DSCADA,

communication networks, Human Machine Interface (HMI), Substation Automation

System(SAS). 9 Hours

SLE: Communication systems standards for SCADA

UNIT 3: Data Acquisition Systems: Microcomputer based measurement of Voltage and

current, Frequency measurement, Phase angle and PF Measurement, KVA, KW Measurement,

Maximum Demand Indicator, Real Time Data Base (RTDB). 8 Hours

SLE: Digital Transducers

UNIT 4: Artificial Intelligence: Role of artificial intelligence in modern power systems

operation and control, Expert System, Heuristic search techniques, Knowledge representation,

knowledge based systems, Rule base, fact base, inference engine. Applications to power system

problems, optimum control, restoration, planning, alarm processing. 9 Hours

SLE: Heuristic Reasoning

Page 21 of 49

UNIT 5:ANN and Genetic Algorithm: Feed forward multilayer neural networks, radial basis

neural networks, recurrent neural networks, Training of neural networks, ANN models for power

loss evaluation and transient stability studies, features of genetic algorithms ( GA ), GA

application for unit commitment problem and capacitor placement. 9 Hours

SLE: ANN structure for load forecasting

UNIT 6:Fuzzy Logic Theory: Membership function, Fuzzy logic controller, Fuzzy logic theory

applications to power system operation and control, Reactive power control, Contingency

Ranking.

8 Hours

SLE: Defuzzification methods.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Computer Aided Power System Analysis”, G.L. Kusic, CRC press, 2009.

2. "Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Applications", Badri Ram.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. “Power System Operation and Control” , A.J. Wood.

2. “Fuzzy Logic Theory Application to Engineering Problems”, Timothy Rose 3. “Artificial Intelligence”,Elaine Rich, TMH .

Page 22 of 49

HVDC Power Transmission (4-2-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Explain the description, applications, planning and limitations of HVDC transmission

2. Discuss the Reactive power requirements , types of Static VAR systems.

3. Explain the Types, Control and Protection of Multi terminal HVDC system

4. Describe the modeling of DC and AC network ,

5. Analyse the solutions of DC and AC-DC power flow

5. Discuss the basic principles of power modulation and voltage stability in AC/DC systems

UNIT 1 : Review of HVDC Transmission: Introduction, description of HVDC transmission,

applications, planning and limitations, modern trends in HVDC Power transmission. 8 Hours

SLE: Comparision of HVAC and HVDC

UNIT 2 : Reactive Power Control: Introduction, requirements in steady state, Static VAr

systems, Reactive power during transients. 8 Hours

SLE: Sources of reactive power

UNIT 3 : Multi-Terminal DC Systems: Introduction, Potential applications, Types, Control

and Protection. MTDC system using VSC 10 Hours

SLE: Multi infeed DC system

UNIT 4 : Models for Analysis of AC-DC Systems: Converter models, Converter control

model, modeling of DC and AC network. 8 Hours

SLE: Control of torsional interaction

UNIT 5 : Power Flow Analysis in AC-DC Systems : Introduction, Modeling DC links,

Solution of DC load flow, per unit for DC quantities, Solutions for AC-DC power flow.

8 Hours

SLE: Power flow analysis with VSC based HVDC system

UNIT 6 : Stability analysis and Power Modulation : Basic principles, selection of control

signal, controller design, Reactive power modulation, voltage stability in AC/DC systems.

10Hours

SLE: Selection of control signals

.

Page 23 of 49

TEXT BOOK :

“HVDC Power Transmission Systems: Technology and System Interactions”, K. R. Padiyar, New Age International publishers.

Page 24 of 49

Advanced Electrical Machines (4-2-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Develop the basic elements of generalized theory and derive general equations for

voltages and currents applicable to all types of rotating machines, to deal

comprehensively with their steady-state, dynamic and transient analysis.

2. Obtain the voltage and torque equations for a symmetrical induction machine in terms

of machine variables and transform these equations by applying reference-frame

theory to Analyse the dynamic performance of the machine.

3. Apply Park‟s transformation to transform the time varying synchronous machine

equations to a time-invariant set of equations and study the dynamic performance.

4. Linearize the nonlinear equations of induction and synchronous machines to study the

dynamic behavior of small displacements about the operating point.

UNIT 1: Review of Magnetically Coupled Circuits: Electric Machines as transducers,

magnetic circuits as coupling media between input and output. Energy storage in coupling

media, losses in energy storage magnetic circuits. 8 Hours

SLE: relationship between energy transferred by coupling media and energy stored multi port

device.

UNIT 2: Generalized Machine Theory: Kron‟s primitive machine representation advantages,

dynamic and steady state operating condition voltage equation- G matrix- limitations. 7 Hours

SLE: torque equation

UNIT 3: Block Diagram Approach and Reference Frame Theory: Application of Kron‟s

theory for DC machine analysis, liberalized equations of separately excited DC machine, block

diagram and transfer function – dynamic response of brushless DC machines.

Different types of frames, transformation between different frames of reference. 11 Hours

SLE: transformation applications to different types of electric machines

UNIT 4: Theory of Induction Machines: Voltage equations in machines variable. Voltage

equation and torque equation in d-q variables. Equations as referred to ability reference frames

steady state operations. 9 Hours

SLE: Torque equation in machine variables

Page 25 of 49

UNIT 5: Synchronous Machines: Voltage equation in machine variables. d-q variables- Torque

equations in Machine variables and d-q variables - Machine equation in arbitrary reference.

Frame - Machine (Park‟s reference frame) steady state equation, Transient and Sub-transient

state-vector diagram. 9 Hours

SLE: Dynamic performance due to sudden change in input

UNIT 6: Linearized Analysis: Necessity for linearization of machine equations. Linearized

equation for Induction and synchronous machines – unbalanced operation of 3-phase Induction

motors. 8 Hours

SLE: Brushless machines

TEXT BOOK:

1. “Generalized Theory of Electrical Machines”, P.S. Bimbhra, 5th

edition, Khanna

Publishers, N. Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Electric Machines”, D. P. Kothari and I. J. Nagrath, 4th

edition, TMH, N. Delhi.

2. “Electrical Machinery”, A. E. Fitzgerald, Charles Kingsley, Stephen D. Umans, 6th

edition, TMH, N. Delhi.

3. “Analysis of Electric Machinery”, P.C.Krause.

Page 26 of 49

Applied Engineering Mathematics (4-0-0)

Sub Code : AEM0401 CIE : 50% Marks

Hrs/Week : 04 SEE : 50% Marks

SEE Hrs : 03 Total : 52 hrs Max. : 100 Marks

Objective: Mathematics course content is designed to cater to the needs of several subjects at the

PG level.

Course outcomes of I Sem M. Tech (Hydraulics, Structural Engg, Power Systems and

CAID)

1. Obtain the extremals of functions expressed in the form of integrals and solve standard

variational problems.

2. Solve linear homogeneous partial differential equations with constant coefficients.

3. Obtain the numerical solution of a partial differential equation.

4. Optimize the function under some constraints by different methods.

5. Establish the homomorphism between vector spaces using Linear transform and obtain

orthonormal basis for a vector space using inner product space.

6. Evaluate complex line integrals.

Unit-I: Calculus of Variation

Variation of a function and a functional. Extremal of a functional, variation problems, Euler‟s

equation, Standard variational problems including geodesics, minimal surface of revolution,

(SLE:hanging chain problem), Brachistochrone problems, Isoperimetric problems. Functionals

of second order derivatives - 9Hrs

Unit-II: Partial Differential Equations - I

Solution of linear homogeneous PDE with constant and variable coefficients.(SLE : Cauchy‟s

type partial differential equation) - 9 Hrs

Unit –III: Partial Differential Equations - II

Numerical solution of PDE – Parabolic, Elliptic (SLE: Hyperbolic) equations. - 8 Hrs

Unit-IV: Linear Programming

Standard form of LPP, Graphical method. Simplex method, (SLE: Degeneracy in simplex

method), Big-M method, Duality. - 9Hrs

Page 27 of 49

Unit-V: Linear Algebra

Vectors & vector spaces. Inner product, Length/Norm. Orthogonality, orthogonal projections,

orthogonal bases, Gram-Schmidt process. Least square problems.

Linear transformations, Kernel, Range. Matrix of linear transformation, Inverse linear

transformation (SLE: Applications). - 9 Hrs

Unit-VI: Complex Integration

Basic concepts of analytical functions, Complex line integral, Cauchy‟s theorem, Cauchy‟s

integral formula. Laurent series expansion (SLE: Problems on Laurent series expansion), poles

and residues, Cauchy‟s residues theorem. - 8 Hrs

Books for Reference:

1) Higher Engineering Mathematics – Dr. B.S. Grewal, 40th

edition, Khanna publication.

2) Advance Engineering Mathematics – H. K. Dass, 17th

edition, Chand publication.

3) Higher Engineering Mathematics – Dr. B.V. Ramana, 5th

edition, Tata Mc Graw-Hill.

4) Linear Algebra – Larson & Falvo (Cengage learning),6th

edition.

Page 28 of 49

Economic Operation and Control of Power Systems (4-0-2)


Hrs/week : 6Hrs SEE : 50% Marks


Course Outcomes


1. Apply the Optimization Techniques to solve for financial benefits of Power System.

2. Analyse the Economic Dispatch Problem and Unit Commitment in Thermal Power

Plant.

3. Evaluate the Economic Dispatch Problem in Hydro - Thermal Power Plant.

4. Formulate the multi objective economic dispatch problem and solve the same using

evolutionary techniques.

5.Model and discuss Single area and Two area load frequency control system.

6. Formulate and Solve Economic Dispatch Problems using Optimal Power Flow

techniques.

7. Create and Solve Power System Problems using simulation Software and interpret the

results.

UNIT 1: Economic Dispatch - I:Introduction to economic aspects, Load curve, Load

forecasting. Introduction to Economic Load Dispatch, Characteristics of hydro and thermal units,

Economic Load dispatch Problem neglecting transmission losses and generation Limits,

Economic Load dispatch Problem with generation Limits neglecting transmission losses,

Economic Load dispatch Problem with Piecewise Linear Cost Functions. Problems.

8 Hours

SLE: Base Point and participation Factors

UNIT 2: Economic Dispatch - IIand Optimal Unit Commitment(OUC) of Thermal Units

Derivation of Transmission line loss Expressions, Economic Load Dispatch with Transmission

Network Losses, Introduction to OUC, Constraints in OUC, Priority List Method and Dynamic

Programming for UC. Problems 8 Hours

SLE: Optimal Unit Commitment(OUC) considering start Up cost for thermal units

UNIT 3: Hydrothermal Coordination: Introduction,Hydroelectric Plant Models, Composite

Generation Production Cost function, Long-Range Hydro-Scheduling, Short-Rang Hydro-

Scheduling,Short-Term Hydro-Scheduling: A Gradient Approach, Hydro-Units in Series

(Hydraulically Coupled), Pumped-Storage Hydro plants, Dynamic-Programming Solution to the

Hydrothermal Scheduling Problems. 10 Hours

SLE: Hydrothermal Scheduling using Linear Programming

Page 29 of 49

UNIT 4: Multiobjectiveand Evolutionary techniques for Generation

Scheduling:Introduction,Multiobjective Optimization, Optimal Thermal Power Dispatch - ε-

Constraint Method, The surrogate Worth Trade-off Approach, Weighting Method.

Genetic Algorithm Solution Methodology for Economic Dispatch of thermal units, Particle

Swarm Optimization for Economic Dispatch of thermal Units 9 Hours

SLE: Dispatch for Active and Reactive Power Balance.

UNIT 5: Load Frequency Control : Single Area Block Diagram Representation, Single Area –

Steady State and Dynamic Analysis, Static Load Frequency Curves, Integral Control, Response

of a Two – Area System for Uncontrolled and Controlled Case with Block diagram, Dynamic

State Variable Model 8 Hours

SLE: Area Control Error,

UNIT 6: Optimal Power Flow :Introduction, Solution of the optimal power flow – Gradient

Method, Newton‟s Method, Linear sensitivity Analysis, Linear Programming Methods, Security-

Constrained Optimal Power Flow. 9Hours

SLE: Bus Incremental Cost

TEXT BOOK:

1. “Power Generation, Operation, and Control”, Allen J. Wood and Bruce F.

Woollenberg, 2nd

edition, John Wiley and Sons, INC.

2. “Power System Optimization”,D.P. Kothari, J. S. Dhillon, 2nd

edition, PHI Publisher.

3. “Power System Operation and Control”, S. Sivanagaraju, G. Sreenivasan, Pearson

Publisher

Economic Operation and Control of Power Systems – Lab

1. State estimation of power systems using D.C. load flow based WLS-SE and non-

linear WLS state estimation.

2. Simulation of Single Area and Two Area Systems.

3. Study of load frequency control problem of (i) uncontrolled and (ii) controlled cases

4. Economic Dispatch of (i) Thermal Units and (ii) Thermal Plants Contingency

evaluation and analysis of power system by triangularisation, and sensitivity factors

5. Development of single line diagram of power system components for simulation

studies.

6. Development of Optimal power flow for a given power system.

Page 30 of 49

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (4-2-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Explain the fundamentals of transmission system with and without load

2. Explain basic types of FACTS controllers and Analyse series compensated system

3. Analyse the working of different types of controlled series compensation

4. Analyse the working of basic shunt compensation and SVC

5. Analyse the working of STATCOM

6 Explain the structure and functions of combined compensators.

PART-A

UNIT 1: Fundamental requirements in AC power transmission, Fundamental transmission line

equation, surge impedance & natural loading, Analysis of Uncompensated AC lines - radial &

symmetrical line on no load & load.

Transmission interconnections, flow of power in AC system, Loading capability limitations,

power flow & dynamic stability considerations 9 Hours

SLE: Relative importance of controllable parameters.

UNIT 2: Basic types of FACTS controllers, Benefits from FACTS technology, Basic types of

line compensation, uniformly distributed fixed compensation .

SERIES COMPENSATION - Objectives of series compensation, Compensation by a series

capacitor connected at the midpoint of the line, Protective gear, reinsertion schemes,

8 Hours

SLE: varistor protective scheme.

UNIT 3: Basic concepts of controlled series compensation , Operation of TCSC, Analysis of

TCSC, GCSC, Applications of TCSC.

Introduction to SSSC, Operation of SSSC & the control of power flow 9 Hours

SLE: Applications of SSSC.

UNIT 4: Shunt Compensation - Objectives of shunt compensation, Compensation by a shunt

capacitor connected at the midpoint of the line.

SVC – objectives, control characteristics, Analysis, Configuration, Applications.

9 Hours

SLE: SVC controller

Page 31 of 49

UNIT 5: STATCOM – Introduction, Basic operating principles, Control characteristics,

simplified analysis of 3 phase 6 pulse STATCOM, Applications 8 Hours

SLE: Comparison between STATCOM & SVC.

UNIT 6: Combined Compensators: UPFC - Introduction, Operation of UPFC connected at

sending end, midpoint & receiving end, Control of UPFC, Applications of UPFC.

9 Hours

SLE: Interline power flow controller

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Understanding FACTS”, Narain. G. Hingorani & Laszlo Gyugyi, IEEE Press,2000.

2. “FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission & Distribution”, K. R. Padiyar, New Age

International Publishers, 1st edition, 2007.

3. “Reactive Power Control in Electric Systems”,T.J.E. Miller, A Wiley Interscience

Publication, 1982.

Page 32 of 49

Power System Dynamics and Control (4-2-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Discuss the concepts associated with small signal stability and transient

stability.

2. Model synchronous machine for the study of power system dynamics.

3. Model power systems components for the study of power system

dynamics.

4. Illustrate the dynamics of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite

bus.

5. Analyse the small perturbation stability of a SMIB system with Heffron-

Philip model.

6. Analyse the dynamics of SMIB system with and without PSS and

differentiate between angle stability and voltage stability

UNIT 1: Basic Concepts and review of classical Model: Power system stability, States of

operation and System security, System model, Some mathematical preliminaries, Analysis of

steady state stability and transient stability. 8 Hours

SLE: Analysis of transient stability

UNIT 2: Modeling of Synchronous Machine: Synchronous machine, Basic flux linkages,

Voltage and torque equations. Park‟s transformation. Transformation of flux, stator voltage

equations and rotor equations. Transformation of torque equations, Choice of constants,

Analysis of steady state performance, Per unit quantities - Equivalent circuits of synchronous

machine. 10 Hours

SLE: Determination of parameters of equivalent circuits

UNIT 3: Modeling of Excitation Systems, Prime Mover Controllers, Transmission Lines,

SVC and Loads : Excitation system modeling, Standard block diagrams, System representation

by state equations. Modeling of turbines, Modeling of speed-governing Systems, Transmission

line model, Modeling of SVC , Load modeling: Static load representation. 9 Hours

SLE: Dynamic load representation

UNIT 4 : Dynamics of a synchronous generator connected to infinite bus: System model,

Synchronous machine model, Application of model 1.1, Calculation of initial conditions.

8 Hours

Page 33 of 49

SLE: System simulation

UNIT 5 : Analysis of Small Signal Stability: Small signal analysis with block diagram

representation of SMIB systems with generators represented by classical and 1.0 models,

Characteristic equation and application of Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Synchronizing and damping

torque analysis. 9 Hours

SLE: Nonliear oscillation-Hopf bifurcation

UNIT 6 : Power System Stabilizers: Basic concepts in applying PSS, Control signals, Structure

and tuning of PSS.

Introduction to Voltage Stability: Definitions, Factors affecting voltage instability and

collapse. 8 Hours

SLE: Comparison of angle and voltage stability

TEXT BOOK:

1. “Power System Dynamics Control and Stability”, K.R. Padiyar, Second Edition, B S

Publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Power System Stability and Control”, Prabha Kundur ,Tata Mc Graw – Hill edition.

2. “Power System Dynamics and Stability”, Peter Sauer and M.A.Pai, Pearson Education

Asia.

3. “Analysis of Electric Machinery”, Paul C.Krause, McGraw-Hill Book company.

4. “Generalized Theory of Electrical Machines”, Fifth Edition, Dr.P.S.Bimbhra, Khanna

Publishers

Page 34 of 49

Electrical Power Distribution Automation and control (4-0-0)



SEE Hrs : 3 Hrs Max marks: 100

Course Outcomes


1. Acquire skills in applying knowledge to practical distribution system design

2.Acquire skills in modeling of components in distribution system

3. Explain the Distribution automation control functions

4. Explain the voltage regulation and methods of voltage control

5. Discuss the distributed generation technologies and operational conflicts

6.Analyse power quality problems and mitigation techniques in DG environment.

UNIT 1 : Design of Primary and Secondary Distribution Systems: Introduction, Load

characteristics, spatial load forecasting Load management , substation services area with „n‟

primary feeders : Introduction, rectangular type development, radial type development,

application of the ABCD general circuit constants to radial feeders. Secondary banking.

SLE: secondary networks 8 Hours

UNIT 2: Computational Techniques for Distribution System: Introduction, Equipment

modeling: Distribution transformer, synchronous generator, inverter connected generator in

photovoltaic systems. Component modeling: line model, shunt capacitor model, switch model

and load models. Distribution power flow methods, Problems. 10 Hours

SLE: Composite Load Model

UNIT 3: Distribution Automation and Control Function:

Distribution Automation Concepts, State and Trends of Substation Automation, Feeder

Automation -Voltage/ Var control, Fault detection, Restoration functions.Power Quality

Assessments, 8 Hours

SLE: Demand response

UNIT 4: Distribution System Voltage Regulation:

Voltage Drop and Power loss Calculations, Quality of Service and Voltage Standards, Feeder

voltage regulation, Techniques for Voltage control, Line drop compensation, Calculation of

Voltage Dips due to Single phase and Three phase Motor Starting

8 Hours

Page 35 of 49

SLE: Voltage fluctuation

UNIT 5: Distributed Generation -DG: Introduction, options of DG Technologies, modeling of

solar, wind turbine , sizing and siting of DG, DG influence on power and energy losses,

operation Conflicts: reclosing , interference with relay, voltage regulations, Voltage Stability

analysis 8 Hours.

SLE: Energy storage

UNIT 6: Power Quality disturbances and mitigation : Sources Harmonics, low frequency

harmonics and high frequency harmonics , Practical example of resonance circuits, voltage dips

, fast voltage fluctuations in wind and solar power, voltage unbalance, devices for controlling

harmonic distortion, Passive and active filter, Series voltage controller - Dynamic Voltage

Restorer, Shunt voltage controller -D statcom 10 Hours.

SLE: harmonic studies

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Electrical Power Distribution, automation, protection and control”, James A

Momoh, CRC Press Taylor and Francis group 2008.

2. “Electrical Power Distribution automation”, Dr M K Khedkar and Dr G M Dhole,

University Science Press, New Delhi

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Electric Power Distribution System Engineering”, Turan Gonen, McGraw Hill

2. “Control and Automation of Distribution”, James Northcote Green, CRC Press.

Page 36 of 49

Electric Power Quality (4-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Explain the various power quality phenomenon

2. Analyse the characterization of voltage sag and short interruptions

3. Describe the voltage sag –equipment behavior and assessment methods

3. Discuss the mitigation techniques of voltage sag and interruptions

4. Explain the procedure of harmonic evaluation on the utility and end user facilities

5. Discuss the power quality issues with Distribution Generation integration.

UNIT 1: Over view of power quality and short interruptions;Over view of power quality

phenomenon , power quality and EMC stanadards, origin of short interruption , monitoring of

short interruptions, influence on equipment single phase tripping

Stochastic prediction 8 Hours

SLE: Purpose of power quality standardization

UNIT 2: Voltage Sag- characterization : Voltage sags- Causes of voltage sags – magnitude

and duration of voltage sags – theoretical calculations , three phase unbalance ,phase angle jump,

load influence of voltage sag. 10 hours

SLE: Voltage sag calculations in meshed system

UNIT 3: Voltage sag- equipment behavior and assessment : Introduction , voltage tolerance

curves, effect of voltage sag on adjustable speed ac drives, adjustable speed dc drives and other

sensitive loads. Voltage sag density table , methods of fault position ,methods of critical

distances. 10 hours

SLE: Voltage sag coordination chart

UNIT 4: Mitigations of interruption and voltage sags: Overview of mitigation methods,

power system design -redundancy through switching, redundancy through parallel operations,

System- equipment interface ie DVR , DSTATCOM ,combined shunt and series controller,

10 hours

SLE: Energy storage.

Page 37 of 49

UNIT 5: Applied Harmonics: Harmonic distortion evaluations, Principles for controlling

Harmonics, Harmonic studies, modeling of harmonics source , Device for controlling Harmonic

distortion, Harmonic Filter Design: A Case Study, 8Hours

SLE: Standards on Harmonics

UNIT 6: Distributed Generation and Power Quality: D G technologies, DG interface to

utility systems, Power quality issues ,operating conflicts, DG on low voltage distribution

network. 10 Hours

SLE: Influence of Transformer connections on DG impact

TEXT BOOK:

1. “Understanding Power Quality Problems”, Math H. Bollen,1st edition, IEEE

Press,2001.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Electrical Power System Quality”, Roger C. Dugan , Mark F Mc Granaghan, 2nd

edition, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing company limited.

2. “Power System Quality Assessment”, J. Arrillaga, John Wiley, 2000

.

Page 38 of 49

Non-Linear Control Systems (4-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Discuss the fundamental concepts and features unique to non-linear systems.

2. Investigate stability of non-linear systems by phase-plane methods.

3. Apply numerical methods to solve problems of non-linear systems.

4. Investigate stability of non-linear systems by describing function method.

5. Construct Liapunov functions and investigate stability of non-linear systems.

6. Discuss the phenomena like circle criterion, DIDF, Lure‟s criterion, Popov‟s method

and disturbance issues in non-linear control systems.

UNIT 1: Introduction, frequency-amplitude dependence, multi-valued responses and jump

resonances, sub-harmonic oscillations, frequency entrainment, limit cycles, asynchronous

quenching. 8 Hours

SLE: Inherent and intentional nonlinearities

UNIT 2: Phase-plane analysis of linear and non-linear control systems, singular points

construction of phase trajectories- Isocline method, Delta method. 9 Hours

SLE: Pell‟s method

UNIT 3: Numerical method of analysis, Taylor series expansion method, method of Euler,

Runga-Kutta method. 9 Hours

SLE: Adam‟s method

UNIT 4: The describing function method, derivation of describing functions, stability analysis

by describing function method. 9 Hours

SLE: Relative stability from describing function

UNIT 5: Liapunov stability analysis, first and second method of Liapunov. Estimating the

transient response behavior of dynamic systems, Krasovskii‟s method.

9 Hours

SLE: Variable-gradient method

UNIT 6 : Circle criterion, Dual input describing function, Lure‟s criterion and popov‟s method,

Disturbance issue in nonlinear control. 8 Hours

SLE: Non smooth nonlinearities

Page 39 of 49

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Nonlinear Automatic Control”, Gibson.J.E, McGraw Hill, 1963.

2. “Modern Control Principles and Applications”, Hsu J.C.Mayer A.U, McGraw.

3. “Modern Control Engineering”, K.Ogata, 3rd

edition, PHI.

4. “Control System Design”, G.C.Goodwin, S.F.Graebe, M.E.Salgado, Prentice Hall of

India.

Page 40 of 49

Power System Reliability Engineering (4-0-0)




Course Outcomes On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

1. Apply reliability concepts to electrical power systems

2. Describe functional zones and hierarchical levels for electrical power system reliability

analysis

3. Explain the basis of power system reliability indices for generation, transmission and

distribution adequacy

4. Analyse and evaluate the reliability indices at various hierarchical levels

5. Assess reliability worth as a function of investment.

UNIT 1: Introduction: Concept of Reliability as applied to Electrical Power System, Necessity

for Reliability of Electrical Power system, Definition of Adequacy and Security, Division of

Power System into Functional Zones, Hierarchical levels and Necessity of Reliability evaluation

of each system, Cost of Reliability and Reliability Worth, Relationship Disparity between indices

and Worth at different levels. 10 Hours

SLE: Reliability aspects of power system planning.

UNIT 2: Generation System Adequacy: Hierarchical level HL-I, Generation System adequacy

evaluation, Analytical methods-concept of λ, μ, for MTTF, MTTR and availability –A. Capacity

outage probability. Deterministic and probabilistic criteria. 8 Hours

SLE: Software programs available for assessing generation system adequacy.

UNIT 3: System Reliability Indices: Loss of Load indices- LOLE, LOLP and loss of energy

indices. EIR, EENS and their computation, Generating capacity- frequency and duration method

and its concept. System risk indices- individual state load model and cumulative state load

model. 8 Hours

SLE: Study of modeling techniques.

UNIT 4: Composite System Adequacy: HL-II level system adequacy evaluation. Simulation

methods, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) application for generation system adequacy evaluation

concept of bulk power system reliability, factors in contingency approach, contingency

enumeration, selection of appropriate contingency levels. Load curtailment philosophy, station

originated and common cause outages. ENEL method of adequacy evaluation. 9 Hours

SLE: Study of failure analysis.

Page 41 of 49

UNIT 5: Distribution System Adequacy: HL-III level distribution system adequacy and

reliability system indices and customer indices, factors like SAIFI, CAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI,

ASAJ, AENS, ACCI, ENS. Assessment of distribution system reliability indices. 9 Hours

SLE: Study of radial and ring main distribution networks.

UNIT 6: Assessment of Reliability Worth: Customer damage functions (CDF, CCDF)

Evaluation approaches, reliability worth assessment at HL-I, HL-II and HL-III, IEAR, ECOST

for various types of customers. 8 Hours

SLE: Study of data collection methods for reliability assessment.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems”, Roy Billington and Ronald N Allan. 2nd

edition, Published by Springer India, New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1.“Reliability Assessment of Large Elective Power Systems”, Roy Billington and Ronald N

Allan, Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA.

Page 42 of 49

Smart Grid (4-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Recognise the need for smart grid and to know the attributes of the smart grid.

2. Apply device level information and communication technologies in power system.

3. Analyse the difference between AC and DC distribution system.

4. Discuss various Dynamic Energy Systems Concepts.

5. Acquire the knowledge of policies and market implementation.

6. Define and explain the concept of Microgrid.

UNIT 1: Introduction: Introduction to smart grid, electricity network, local energy networks,

electric transportation, low carbon central generation, attributes of the smart grid, alternate views

of a smart grid, Intelligrid, intelligrid architecture, barriers and enabling technology 9 Hours

SLE: Benefits of Smart Grid.

UNIT 2: Smart Grid to Evolve a Perfect Power System: Introduction, overview of the perfect

power system configurations, device level power system, building integrated power systems,

distributed power systems, fully integrated power system. 8Hours

SLE: Nodes of innovations for fully integrated power system.

UNIT 3: DC Distribution and Smart Grid: AC Vs. DC sources, benefits of and drives of dc

power delivery systems, powering equipment and appliances with DC, data centers and

information technology loads, future neighborhood, potential future work and research.

8Hours

SLE: LVDC forms.

UNIT 4: Dynamic Energy Systems Concept: Smart energy efficient end use devices, smart

distributed energy resources, advanced whole building control systems, integrated

communications architecture, energy management, role of technology in demand response,

current limitations to dynamic energy management, distributed energy resources, overview of a

dynamic energy management, key characteristics of smart devices, key characteristics of

advanced whole building control systems.

10 Hours

Page 43 of 49

SLE: key characteristics of dynamic energy management system.

UNIT 5: Energy Port, Policies and Market Implementation: Concept of energy -port, generic

features of the energy port. Polices and programs in action; multinational, national, state, city and

corporate levels. Framework, factors influencing customer acceptance and response, program

planning. 8 Hours

SLE: Monitoring and Evaluation.

UNIT 6: Microgrid: Definitions, Advantages of Microgrid, Architecture and design of a

Microgrid, Barriers and Electric Vehicle in Microgrid. 9 Hours

SLE: Dynamic response of Electric Vehicle in Microgrid.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Clark W Gellings, “The Smart Grid, Enabling Energy Efficiency and Demand Side

Response”, CRC Press, 2009.

2. Krzysztof Iniewski, “Smart Grid & Infrastructure networking” 2012 edition, TATA Mc Graw

Hill.

Page 44 of 49

Planning and Management of Restructuring of Power Systems

(4-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Explain the need for deregulation of the electricity supply industry.

2. Know the economics of GENCO‟s TRANSCO „s and DISCO‟s

3. Describe the operational planning activities of power system

4. Describe the power trading issues in deregulated environment

5. Know the ancillary service management in various countries

6. Define Reliability and deregulation in Power System

UNIT 1: Deregulation of the Electricity Supply Industry: Introduction, meaning of

deregulation, background to deregulation and the current situation around the world, benefits

from a competitive electricity market. 9 Hours

SLE: Effects of deregulation.

UNIT 2: Power System Economic Operation Overview: Introduction, economical load

dispatch, optimal power flow as a basic tool, unit commitment. 8 Hours

SLE: Formation of power pools.

UNIT 3: Power System Operation in Competitive Environment: Introduction, role of

independent system operator (ISO), operational planning activities of ISO. 9 Hours

SLE: Operational planning activities of a Genco.

UNIT 4: Transmission Open Access and Pricing Issues: Introduction, power wheeling,

transmission open access, cost components in transmission, pricing of power transactions,

transmission open access and pricing mechanisms in various countries, developments in

international transmission pricing in Europe, security management in deregulated environment,

12 Hours

SLE: Congestion management in deregulation.

UNIT 5: Ancillary Services Management: Ancillary services and management in various

countries. 6 Hours

Page 45 of 49

SLE: Reactive power as an ancillary service.

UNIT 6: Reliability and Deregulation: Terminology, reliability analysis, network model,

reliability costs, hierarchical levels, reliability and deregulation. 8 Hours

SLE: performance indicators.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Kankar Bhattacharya, Math H J Bollan, Jaap E Daalder, “Operation of Restructured Power

Systems”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

2. Loi Lei Lai, “Power System Restructuring and Deregulation; Trading, Performance and

Information Technology”, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, 2002

Page 46 of 49

EHV AC Transmission (4-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1.Describe surface voltage gradient on conductors

2. Describe the mechanism of corona generations and factors affecting corona

3.Explain the lighting mechanism and principles of lighting protection

4. Discuss the charactestics, properties and test on EHV cables

5. Explain the SSR phenomenon an method of voltage control

6. Explain generator circuits for EHV testing in laboratory

UNIT 1 : Voltage Gradients of Conductors: Electrostatics –– field of line changes and

properties – charge – potential relations for multi-conductors – surface voltage gradient

on conductors – distribution of voltage gradient on sub-conductors of bundle – Examples.

8 Hours SLE: Field of sphere gap

UNIT 2 : Corona Effects : Power loss and Audible noise (AN) – corona loss formulae – charge

voltage diagram – generation, characteristics - limits and measurements of AN – relation

between 1-phase and 3-phase AN levels – Radio Interference (RI) - corona pulses generation,

properties, limits – frequency spectrum – modes of propagation , and excitation functions –

Examples.

8 Hours SLE: Measurement of RI

UNIT 3: lightning and lightning protection : Lightning strokes mechanism ,lightning strokes

to lines ,general principles of lightning protection problem, tower footing resistance, probability

of occurrence of lightning stroke current, Lighting Arrester and protective characteristics,

dynamic voltage rise Arrester rating 10 Hours

SLE: Insulation coordination based on lightning.

UNIT 4: Extra High voltage cable transmission :Electrical characteristics of EHV

cables,properties of EHV cables, Breakdown and withstand electrical stress in solid insulation

design basis, test on cable characteristics, surge performance of cable system.

10Hours SLE: Gas insulated EHV Lines

UNIT 5: Voltage Control: Power circle diagram and its use – voltage control using

synchronous condensers – cascade connection of shunt and series compensation – Sub-

Page 47 of 49

Synchronous Resonance -SSR in series capacitor compensated lines, Static VAr compensating

system. 9 Hours

SLE: SSR counter measures

UNIT 6: EHV Testing and laboratory equipment: standard specification ,standard waveshape,

properties of double exponential waeshapes, waveshaping circuits- principle and theory ,impulse

generator , generation of switching surges. 7 Hours

SLE: Generation of impulse current

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “EHV AC Transmission Engineering”, Rakosh Das Begamudre, New Age International

publishers Ltd.

2. “HVAC and DC Transmission and Distribution Engineering”, S. Rao, Khanna publishers

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SEMINAR (2 credits)

Sub Code : MPS0201 CIE : 50 Marks

Course Outcomes


1: Identify the topic of relevance within the discipline.

2: Describe the technical aspects of the topic and demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme.

3: Present and Document the study

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING (4 credits)


Course Outcomes


1: Connect the theory with hands on experience

2: Exposure to industrial atmosphere and work culture

3: Present and Document the training experience

PRELIMINARY PROJECT WORK (8 Credits)


Course Outcomes


1: Identify and Analyse the real world problems

2: Carry out literature survey

3: Define the problem and plan for the execution

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FINAL PROJECT WORK (28 credits)


Course Outcomes


1: Apply the knowledge acquired in the program to solve the problems

2: Harness the modern tools

3: Model, simulate and interpret results

4: Build hardware prototypes and validate

Documents

M.Tech- Power Systems : Syllabus and Scheme of Teaching