Mr. Millhouse – AP World History – Hebron High School

Increased manufacturing = need for new markets Increased manufacturing = need for raw materials Increased manufacturing = challenge to existing

manufacturing centers (Middle East, India, etc.)

Capitalism Free enterprise Free market Free trade

The Enlightenment Popular Sovereignty Representative

Government Personal Freedoms

Nationalism

Lin Zexu destroying opium. In the summer of 1839, Lin Zexu confiscated and destroyed 2.6 million pounds of opium. It took 500 laborers 22 days to destroy all of the opium.

Get rid of old institutions holding you back

Modernize the military Improve infrastructure

RAILROADS! May need foreign investment

Industrialize Take advantage of natural resources! May need foreign investment

“Westernize” your government

Early reforms of Selim III (1789-1807) resisted by Janissaries

Janissaries slaughtered by Mahmud II in 1826

Tanzimat Reforms Modernize military and bureaucracy University education focusing on math &

science Western technology (telegraphs, railroads, etc.) Constitution of 1876

Industrialization slowed by climate, government monopolies, etc.

Reforms of Muhammad Ali Modernize the military

Manufactured weapons Emphasize cotton production

Financed by Britain bankers Built railroads

Successors Suez Canal

Led to British making Egypta protectorate

Emancipation of serfs Helped create urban labor force

Modernize military Trans-Siberian railroad Count Witte (1892-1903)

Promoted industry & banking Encouraged foreign investment

Heavy Industry 4th in steel; 2nd in oil

Modernized the military Depended upon British

and French investment Built railroads Mining and Textiles

Government regulated Merchants given

additional freedoms No major political or

social reforms

Abolish feudal order Daimyo and samurai

class abolished Constitutional

government Constitution of 1889

Established constitutional monarchy with legislature

Suffrage limited—only 5% could vote in 1890

Japanese industrialization Modernize the military, infrastructure,

communication, education, etc. Zaibatsu

Combination of state initiative and private investment

Consolidates economic power into the hands of a few powerful families

Vertical monopolies Mitsubishi and Mitsui

Many companies started by men of samurai origins

Started by Benito Juarez (1858-1872) Tried to limit power of

landowners and Catholic church

New liberal constitution Attempts at land reform

fail 50% of rural population

landless by 1910 Larger gap between creoles

and mestizos/natives

Porfirio Diaz (1876-1910) Built railroads

Integrates regional economy Improved banking system Focused on oil & mining Depended on foreign

investment U.S. investment

30 million pesos in 1885 1 billion pesos in 1910

Conservatives Janissaries Abdul Hamid Ulama and Qadis

Nationalists Young Turks

Religious Movements Madhist Revolt

Millenarianism

Conservatives Kulaks (land owners) Certain tsars

Liberals Intelligentsia

Radicals Anarchists Socialists & Communists

Bolshevik Party

Conservatives Scholar-gentry Dowager Empress Cixi

Religious Movements Taiping Rebellion (1850-

1864) Caused by a myriad of

problems Natural disasters, economic collapse,

government corruption and the defeat in the Opium War, growing Anti-Manchu sentiment, etc.

Led by Hong Xiuquan

Hong Xiuquan’s army was able to seize 44 Chinese cities including the Southern capital of Nanjing ( above)

Nationalism Boxer Rebellion (1898-

1901) Anti-Imperialist movement Backed by Qing government Put down by Western powers

Nationalist Party Led by Sun Yatsen Modeled after Western ideas

Liberal government Nation-state Social Reforms

Conservatives European intervention

Maximilian von Hapsburg Catholic Church

Threaten to excommunicate anyone who follows La Reforma

Landowners Radicals

Middle class called for electoral reform

Poor (mostly natives) form general uprising