Mowa zalena (Reported speech)

Przeksztacanie angielskich zda w mowie zalenej przy uyciu czasownikw

relacjonujcych w czasie przeszym, przedstawia si nastpujco:

Czas Mowa niezalena Czas Mowa zalena

Present Simple John says: "I like you". Past Simple Johny said that he liked me.

Present

Continuous

John says: "I'm going to

school". Past Continuous

Johny said that he was going

to school.

Present Perfect Johny says: "I have read this

book". Past Perfect

Johny said that he had read

that book.

Present Perfect

Continuous

Johny says: "I have been

studying a lot".

Past Perfect

Continuous

Johny said that he had been

studying a lot.

Past Simple Johny says: "I hated that". Past Perfect Johny said that he had hated

that.

Past Continuous Johny says: "I was jogging". Past Perfect

Continuous

Johny said that he had been

jogging".

Past Perfect Johny says: "I had worked

there". Past Perfect

Johny said that he had

worked there.

Past Perfect

Continuous

Johny says: "I had been

working there".

Past Perfect

Continuous

Johny said that he had been

working there.

Future Simple Johny says: "I will buy a

bike ". Would

Johny said that he would buy

a bike.

Future

Continuous

Johny says: "I will be going

soon ".

Would + be +

ing

Johny said that he would be

going soon.

Future Perfect Johny says: "I will have

done it by tommorow ".

Would + have +

PP

Johny said that he would

have done it by the next day.

Future Perfect

Continuous

Johny says: "I will have

been studying English for 5

years by 2007 ".

Would + have +

been + ing

Johny said that he would

have been studying English

for 5 years by 2007.

Mowa zalena z czasownikami modalnymi

Czasownik Mowa zalena

Will Would

May Might

Can Could

Should Should

Could Could

Would Would

Might Might

Must (musie) Had to

Must (prawdopodobiesto) Must (bez zmian)

http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/present.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/present-continuous.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/present-continuous.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/present2.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/present-perfect-continuous.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/present-perfect-continuous.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/past.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/past-continuous.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/past2.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/past-perfect-continuous.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/past-perfect-continuous.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/future.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/future-continuous.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/future-continuous.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/future2.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/future-perfect-continuous.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/future-perfect-continuous.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/modals.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/czasowniki-modalne-will.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/czasowniki-modalne-may.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/czasowniki-modalne-can.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/czasowniki-modalne-should.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/czasowniki-modalne-would.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/czasowniki-modalne-must.htm

Zasady:

puszczamy znaki interpunkcyjne wskazujce na obecno cytatu (dwukropek i

cudzysw).

Uzgadniamy zaimki zgodnie z sensem zdania, np.:

He says: "I lost my book." (On mwi: "Zgubiem moj ksik.")

He said that he had lost his book. (On mwi, e zgubi swoj ksik).

Jeeli tzw. czasownik wprowadzajcy mow zalen jest w czasie przeszym, czas

zdania podrzdnego zmienia si "o jeden stopie wstecz", tj. jeli w mowie niezalenej

mamy czas teraniejszy, zmienia si on na przeszy, jeli za przeszy - na zaprzeszy

(the Past Perfect Tense).

(He says) "I'm busy." (Mwi: "Jestem zajty.")

He said that he was busy. (Powiedzia, e jest zajty).

(He says) "I was busy." (Mwi: "Byem zajty.")

He said that he had been busy. (Powiedzia, e by zajty).

Zmieniamy okrelenia dotyczce miejsca i czasu:

Jest to bardzo wany element, poniewa np.: sowo "today" odnosi si jedynie do dnia

dzisiejszego. "(John says) "I'm tired today" (John mwi: jestem zmczony dzisiaj). W mowie

zalenej uycie sowa dzisiaj odnosioby si do dnia dzisiejszego a nie do dnia kiedy on by

zmczony. Jeli zdanie to zostao dzisiaj wypowiedziane przez John'a, mowa zalena

wygldaaby w nastpujcyc sposb: "John said that he was tired today". Uyty zosta czas

Past Simple, poniewa mwca nie wie czy John jest nadal zmczony, gdyby mia t pewno,

uyby czasu Present Simple. Jeli John powiedzia to wczoraj, nie mona uy sowa today i

naley je zastpi zwrotem odnoszcym si do przeszoci, np.: "John said that he was tired

that day'".

To samo tyczy si pozostaych elementw dotyczcych czasu i miejsca.

today - that day

yesterday - the day before

the day before yesterday - two days before

tomorrow - the next day / the following day

next week/month/year - the following week / month / year

last week/month/year - the previous week / month / year

a year/month ago - a year/month before

here - there

now - then / at that time

http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/pronouns.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/verbs2.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/past.htmhttp://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/angielski/present.htm