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Moving Toward Moving Toward Independence Independence 1763-1775 1763-1775

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Moving Toward Independence. 1763-1775. SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution. a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the French-Indian War, and the 1763 Treaty of Paris, laid the groundwork for the American Revolution. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Moving Toward Independence

Moving Toward Moving Toward IndependenceIndependence

1763-17751763-1775

Page 2: Moving Toward Independence

SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution.

a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the French-Indian War, and the 1763 Treaty of Paris, laid the groundwork for the

American Revolution.b. Explain colonial response to such British actions such as the Proclamation of

1763, Stamp Act, and the Intolerable Acts as seen in Sons and Daughters of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence.

c. Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement for independence.

SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the

American Revolution.a. Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources including the

writing of John Locke and Montesquieu of the Declaration of Independence and the role of Thomas Jefferson.

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Essential Questions:Essential Questions:• What and who laid the groundwork for a revolution to What and who laid the groundwork for a revolution to

be able to occur? be able to occur? • How did the key ideas of American democracy How did the key ideas of American democracy

develop?develop?• How did the Age of Enlightenment play a role in How did the Age of Enlightenment play a role in

independence?independence?• What caused the American Revolution? What caused the American Revolution? • How did this revolution start?How did this revolution start?• Who was behind this revolution?Who was behind this revolution?• What was the colonial response to pre-revolutionary What was the colonial response to pre-revolutionary

actions by the British?actions by the British?• How did the British respond to colonists ideas about How did the British respond to colonists ideas about

freedom? freedom? • How did some colonists shape their people’s thinking How did some colonists shape their people’s thinking

towards approving a war of Independence?towards approving a war of Independence?• Why was Thomas Paine so important to the Why was Thomas Paine so important to the

Revolution?Revolution?

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VocabularyVocabulary

French and Indian war, French and Indian war, Stamp Act, Intolerable Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, Proclamation of Acts, Proclamation of 1763, Sons/Daughters 1763, Sons/Daughters of liberty, Committee of of liberty, Committee of Correspondence, Correspondence, Pontiac’s Rebellion, Pontiac’s Rebellion, Boston Massacre, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, John Boston Tea Party, John Adams, Adams,

Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Aaron James Madison, Aaron Burr, Federalists, Burr, Federalists, Democratic-Democratic-Republicans Albany Republicans Albany Plan for Union, John Plan for Union, John Locke, Montesquieu, Locke, Montesquieu, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson,

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DemocratDemocratic Ideas ic Ideas in the in the

ColoniesColonies

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Religion in the ColoniesReligion in the Colonies• Settlers left Europe Settlers left Europe

because of each nation’s because of each nation’s established church.established church.– Official churchOfficial church

• Try to create established Try to create established churches in the American churches in the American colonies.colonies.– Roman Catholic- SpanishRoman Catholic- Spanish– Anglican- New York, Anglican- New York,

Maryland, Southern Maryland, Southern coloniescolonies

– Congregational- New Congregational- New England, ConnecticutEngland, Connecticut

– Separatist- PlymouthSeparatist- Plymouth– Puritan- Massachusetts BayPuritan- Massachusetts Bay

• Middle colonies Middle colonies encouraged all sorts of encouraged all sorts of religions.religions.

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Rhode Rhode IslandIsland • Founded by Founded by

Roger Williams.Roger Williams.• No established No established

religion.religion.• Church was Church was

separate from the separate from the state govt.state govt.1.1. No taxes to No taxes to

support the support the church.church.

2.2. Did not have to Did not have to belong to a church belong to a church to vote.to vote.

3.3. No forced No forced attendance.attendance.

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MarylandMaryland

• Governed by Lord Governed by Lord Baltimore.Baltimore.

• Toleration Act of Toleration Act of 16491649– All those professing All those professing

to believe in Jesus to believe in Jesus ChristChrist were free to were free to practice their own practice their own religion.religion.

– Jews not protected.Jews not protected.

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PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

• Founded by Founded by William William Penn.Penn.

• Charter of PrivilegesCharter of Privileges– Anyone could settle Anyone could settle

in Pennsylvania as in Pennsylvania as long as they believed long as they believed that one Almighty that one Almighty God as the Creator God as the Creator and Ruler of the and Ruler of the World.World.

– Only Christians Only Christians allowed.allowed.

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Religious TolerationReligious Toleration• Many colonies had to Many colonies had to

alter their rules to alter their rules to encourage settlers.encourage settlers.

• Blacks not taught Blacks not taught Christianity.Christianity.– Owners fearful of Owners fearful of

rebellion.rebellion.• Anglicans set up black Anglicans set up black

schoolsschools• Quakers established Quakers established

yearly religious yearly religious meetings.meetings.

• Blacks segregated Blacks segregated (separate) from the (separate) from the white congregation.white congregation.– ““African pews”African pews”

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Democratic Way of LifeDemocratic Way of Life

• 5 essentials5 essentials1.1. Religious freedom.Religious freedom.

2.2. Freedom to learn.Freedom to learn.

3.3. Freedom to think.Freedom to think.

4.4. Freedom to speak.Freedom to speak.

5.5. Freedom to Freedom to publish.publish.

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European LearningEuropean Learning

• A formal education A formal education essential for all essential for all wealthy families.wealthy families.

• Tutors hired to Tutors hired to teach the sons.teach the sons.

• Wealthy colonists Wealthy colonists sent sons to private sent sons to private English schools.English schools.

• Daughters taught Daughters taught music and music and literature.literature.

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Colonial LearningColonial Learning

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Colonial LearningColonial Learning

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Changes in EducationChanges in Education

• 3 reasons3 reasons1.1. Plantation owners Plantation owners

wanted their sons wanted their sons to learn about to learn about business.business.

2.2. Rural areas needed Rural areas needed better education.better education.

3.3. Scarcity of booksScarcity of books– Library societies Library societies

created by created by merchants to lend merchants to lend out books for a small out books for a small fee.fee.

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MassachusettsMassachusetts• Puritans believed that it Puritans believed that it

was important to read was important to read to create “God fearing” to create “God fearing” and “law abiding” and “law abiding” citizens.citizens.

• 1647 law1647 law1.1. Every town w/ 50 or Every town w/ 50 or

more households must more households must appoint a teacher of appoint a teacher of reading and writing to be reading and writing to be paid by the town.paid by the town.

2.2. Every town w/ 100 or Every town w/ 100 or more households must more households must provide a school to provide a school to prepare young men for prepare young men for college.college.

• Wealthy families Wealthy families expected to pay expected to pay tuition.tuition.– Rate for schooling.Rate for schooling.

• Poor families were Poor families were paid for by the town.paid for by the town.

• Created the idea that Created the idea that a “free public a “free public education was education was mandatory.”mandatory.”

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New England SchoolsNew England Schools• Teachers were either Teachers were either

mothers of students or mothers of students or indentured servants.indentured servants.

• ProblemsProblems– Children of all ages in Children of all ages in

the same room.the same room.– Short terms.Short terms.– Irregular attendance.Irregular attendance.– Lack of materials.Lack of materials.

• New England PrimerNew England Primer– Written in 1690.Written in 1690.– Taught school children Taught school children

to be obedient, law-to be obedient, law-abiding citizens, and to abiding citizens, and to worship God.worship God.

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Frontier EducationFrontier Education

• Experience!!Experience!!– Learn to think for Learn to think for

yourself.yourself.

• BooksBooks– BibleBible– AlmanacAlmanac

• Books containing a Books containing a wide variety of info wide variety of info w/ advise on w/ advise on medicine, recipes, medicine, recipes, planting, and planting, and harvestin.harvestin.

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Poor Richard’s AlmanacPoor Richard’s Almanac• Written by Benjamin Written by Benjamin

Franklin.Franklin.– For want of a nail the shoe For want of a nail the shoe

was lost; for want of the was lost; for want of the shoe the horse was lost; shoe the horse was lost; and for want of a horse the and for want of a horse the rider was lost. rider was lost.

– Learning is to the studious Learning is to the studious and riches to the careful. and riches to the careful.

– Then plow deep while Then plow deep while sluggards sleep, And you sluggards sleep, And you shall have corn to sell and shall have corn to sell and to keep. to keep.

– God helps them that help God helps them that help themselves. themselves.

– The sleeping fox catches The sleeping fox catches no poultry. no poultry.

– Early to bed and early to Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. wealthy and wise.

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Colonial GovernmentsColonial Governments• VirginiaVirginia

– House of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses– First representative First representative

govt. in America govt. in America (1619).(1619).

• 3 types of colonies3 types of colonies1.1. Royal colonies- run Royal colonies- run

by Englandby England2.2. Proprietary colonies- Proprietary colonies-

run by a proprietor.run by a proprietor.3.3. Self-governing- Self-governing-

independent of independent of England.England.

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Royal ColoniesRoyal Colonies

• 8 total by 1760.8 total by 1760.• King appointed a King appointed a

governor.governor.• The legislature was The legislature was

the law-making body.the law-making body.– Counsilors- Upper Counsilors- Upper

HouseHouse• appointedappointed

– Assembly- Lower Assembly- Lower HouseHouse• electedelected

• King could veto any King could veto any law.law.

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Proprietary ColoniesProprietary Colonies

• 3 by 1760.3 by 1760.– Maryland, Delaware, Maryland, Delaware,

and Pennsylvania.and Pennsylvania.

• Proprietor Proprietor appointed the appointed the governor.governor.

• Assembly elected Assembly elected by the people.by the people.– One-house One-house

legislature.legislature.

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Self-Governing ColoniesSelf-Governing Colonies

• 2 by 17602 by 1760– Rhode Island and Rhode Island and

ConnecticutConnecticut

• Governor and Governor and legislature all legislature all elected by the elected by the voters.voters.

• Each had a written Each had a written Constitution.Constitution.

• Fundamental Orders Fundamental Orders of Connecticutof Connecticut

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SuffrageSuffrage

• Right to vote.Right to vote.• LimitsLimits

– Only adult males Only adult males who owned who owned property could vote.property could vote.

– Religious Religious qualifications- had qualifications- had to belong to a to belong to a church to vote.church to vote.

– Isolation of the Isolation of the frontier.frontier.

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Conflicts in the AssemblyConflicts in the Assembly

• Wealthy had all the Wealthy had all the political power.political power.

• Wealthy on the Wealthy on the seaboard voted for seaboard voted for laws that favored laws that favored them.them.

• Rural frontier had a Rural frontier had a very limited say.very limited say.

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Loss of Massachusetts Loss of Massachusetts Charter-1684Charter-1684

• Conflict with EnglandConflict with England• Charter taken away and a royal Charter taken away and a royal

governor, Andros, sent to rulegovernor, Andros, sent to rule• Mr. Andros is so hated that he flees, Mr. Andros is so hated that he flees,

disguised as a woman, back to disguised as a woman, back to EnglandEngland

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Local GovernmentLocal Government• Town meeting- designed Town meeting- designed

to allow citizens to to allow citizens to discuss problems.discuss problems.

• Selectmen- 3 principle Selectmen- 3 principle town officers to town officers to administer the laws.administer the laws.

• County- local govt. County- local govt. designed to cover a designed to cover a larger area.larger area.

• Justice of the Peace- Justice of the Peace- Chief officer of the local Chief officer of the local county to carry out laws.county to carry out laws.

• County lieutenantCounty lieutenant– Defended the county Defended the county

against Indian attacks.against Indian attacks.

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Events and Events and Situations Situations

that lead to that lead to IndependencIndependenc

e for the e for the Colonies!!Colonies!!

Page 29: Moving Toward Independence

Causes of the

American Revolution

A Spider Web graphic organizer#1

#2

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MercantilismMercantilism

• Economic policy where a nation tries to gain Economic policy where a nation tries to gain greater wealth and power than its rivals.greater wealth and power than its rivals.– Favorable balance of trade- tool used by a nation Favorable balance of trade- tool used by a nation

to get money by selling more goods than it to get money by selling more goods than it imports.imports.• Export- selling goods abroadExport- selling goods abroad• Import- buying goods from other nations.Import- buying goods from other nations.• Exports must be greater than imports.Exports must be greater than imports.

– A nation with a high favorable balance of trade…A nation with a high favorable balance of trade…1.1. will be self-sufficient.will be self-sufficient.2.2. will be wealthy.will be wealthy.3.3. will build a powerful army and navy.will build a powerful army and navy.

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The Colonies Help Great The Colonies Help Great BritainBritain

1.1. Colonies provided Colonies provided raw materials.raw materials.

2.2. Colonies provided Colonies provided markets for goods markets for goods produced in Britain.produced in Britain.

3.3. Colonies encouraged Colonies encouraged the growth of the growth of mercantilism.mercantilism.

4.4. Colonies provided Colonies provided bases for the Royal bases for the Royal Navy.Navy.

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Navigation ActsNavigation Acts

• 16511651• Restricted all trade Restricted all trade

within the British within the British Empire to Empire to British British ships.ships.

• American colonists American colonists begin building begin building ships.ships.– Created wealthy Created wealthy

shipbuilding shipbuilding industry.industry.

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Navigation Act of 1660Navigation Act of 1660

• Listed specific Listed specific colonial products colonial products that could be that could be shipped and sold shipped and sold onlyonly to England. to England.– Enumerated goods- Enumerated goods-

tobacco, cotton, and tobacco, cotton, and sugar.sugar.

– Bounties made to Bounties made to stimulate production stimulate production of certain goods.of certain goods.

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Navigation Act of 1663Navigation Act of 1663• Required the colonists to Required the colonists to

buybuy most of their most of their manufactured goods manufactured goods from England.from England.

• All European goods sent All European goods sent to the colonies had to to the colonies had to unloaded, unloaded, taxedtaxed, and , and then reloaded before then reloaded before sale.sale.– Duty- tax on goods.Duty- tax on goods.

• Mercantilism Mercantilism threatened the threatened the prosperity of the New prosperity of the New England colonies England colonies because many of the because many of the same products made same products made in America were the in America were the same as those in same as those in Great Britain.Great Britain.

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Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

1.1. Vessels from Vessels from colonies set sail for colonies set sail for Africa with rum.Africa with rum.

2.2. Rum traded for Rum traded for slaves or gold.slaves or gold.

3.3. Slaves taken to Slaves taken to West Indies and sold West Indies and sold for molasses, sugar, for molasses, sugar, or money.or money.

4.4. Molasses sent to Molasses sent to colonies to make colonies to make more rum.more rum.

Page 36: Moving Toward Independence

Molasses Act of 1733Molasses Act of 1733

• Colonists could buy Colonists could buy molasses from molasses from French, Dutch, or French, Dutch, or Spanish islands, but Spanish islands, but had to pay a had to pay a high high dutyduty on the imports. on the imports.– Salutary neglect- Salutary neglect-

deliberate failure to deliberate failure to enforce the enforce the mercantile laws.- mercantile laws.- “turn a blind eye”“turn a blind eye”

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Problems in Problems in Governing Governing

the the ColoniesColonies

Page 38: Moving Toward Independence

Need for MoneyNeed for Money• Britain in debt after Britain in debt after

4 wars.4 wars.• Needed to maintain Needed to maintain

a large empire.a large empire.• British felt their British felt their

colonists, as colonists, as subjects of the subjects of the King, should help King, should help pay the debt.pay the debt.

• This meant the 13 This meant the 13 colonies toocolonies too

Page 39: Moving Toward Independence

The FrenchThe Frenchand and

Indian Wars Indian Wars1754 to 17631754 to 1763

• Britain wants colonists Britain wants colonists

to pay off this war debtto pay off this war debt

• British felt that the British felt that the colonists owed themcolonists owed them for for fighting the French in fighting the French in North America.North America.

• The colonists did not see The colonists did not see it that wayit that way

• Colonists begin to Colonists begin to Develop an identity as Develop an identity as Americans and anti-Americans and anti-BritishBritish

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Florida and CanadaFlorida and Canada• Taken by Britain Taken by Britain

after the French after the French and Indian War.and Indian War.

• Had to reorganize Had to reorganize old French and old French and Spanish Spanish governments. That governments. That costscosts

• Colonists do not Colonists do not want to pay for thatwant to pay for that

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Land West of the Land West of the AppalachiansAppalachians

• Fur traders want no Fur traders want no settlers.settlers.

• Farmers and land Farmers and land speculators want it speculators want it open for open for settlement.settlement.

• Settlers demand Settlers demand protection from protection from the Indians from the Indians from BritainBritain..

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Indian LandsIndian Lands

• Natives pushed off Natives pushed off the land.the land.

• Pontiac’s Rebellion-Pontiac’s Rebellion- Indians try to stop Indians try to stop westward movement westward movement by destroying British by destroying British forts.forts.

• British offer British offer generous peace generous peace terms. Guess who terms. Guess who this ticks off? this ticks off?

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Weak KingWeak King

• George III seen as George III seen as ineffective and ineffective and stubborn by stubborn by colonists.colonists.

• Viewed colonies as Viewed colonies as territories owned territories owned by Britain.by Britain.

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Proclamation Act of 1763Proclamation Act of 1763

• Ordered Ordered all settlers to all settlers to withdraw temporarily withdraw temporarily from all lands west of from all lands west of the Appalachians.the Appalachians.– Result of Pontiac’s Result of Pontiac’s

Rebellion.Rebellion.

• Reserved certain Reserved certain lands for the Indians.lands for the Indians.

• Fur Trade put under Fur Trade put under control of royalty. control of royalty. Guess who benefits Guess who benefits from that action? from that action?

Page 45: Moving Toward Independence

Sugar Act of 1764Sugar Act of 1764• Attempt by British Attempt by British

Parliament to raise Parliament to raise money to protect the money to protect the colonies.colonies.

• Placed a Placed a duty on duty on molasses, sugar, and molasses, sugar, and other imports.other imports.– Reduced the Molasses Act Reduced the Molasses Act

duty.duty.

• Royal inspectors Royal inspectors searched homes looking searched homes looking for smuggled goods from for smuggled goods from other countries.other countries.

• Severely hurts the rum Severely hurts the rum business.business.

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Currency Acts of 1764Currency Acts of 1764

• Forbid the colonies Forbid the colonies to issue paper to issue paper money.money.

• Colonies must pay Colonies must pay all taxes with gold all taxes with gold or silver coins.or silver coins.

• Forced more gold Forced more gold and silver to be and silver to be sent to Britainsent to Britain..

Page 47: Moving Toward Independence

Quartering Act of 1765Quartering Act of 1765

• Colonists Colonists mustmust provide barracks provide barracks and supplies to and supplies to British troopsBritish troops in in America.America.

• Must “quarter” Must “quarter” troops in their troops in their homes for freehomes for free

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Stamp Act of Stamp Act of 17651765

• Levied taxes on Levied taxes on diplomas, playing diplomas, playing cards, newspapers, cards, newspapers, advertisements, advertisements, and all legal and all legal documents.documents.

“An Emblem of the Effects of the STAMP,” a warning against the Stamp Act published in the Pennsylvania Journal, October 1765; in the New York Public Library.

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TaxesTaxes

Indirect TaxesIndirect Taxes• Taxes on an item Taxes on an item

that are hidden in that are hidden in the cost or spread the cost or spread out for others to out for others to pay.pay.– ExamplesExamples

• Gas taxGas tax• Sugar Act taxSugar Act tax

Direct TaxesDirect Taxes• Taxes paid directly Taxes paid directly

to the government.to the government.– ExamplesExamples

• Income taxIncome tax• Stamp Act taxStamp Act tax

Page 50: Moving Toward Independence

““taxation without taxation without representation !”representation !”

• Colonist cry that Colonist cry that taxes were being taxes were being levied levied w/out any w/out any representation in representation in Parliament.Parliament.– British felt that British felt that

Parliament not only Parliament not only represented the represented the British, but also the British, but also the colonists.colonists.• Virtual Virtual

representationrepresentation

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Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress

• 17651765• Delegates from 9 Delegates from 9

colonies hold a colonies hold a meeting in New meeting in New York.York.

• Declared their Declared their loyalty to the King, loyalty to the King, but but opposed taxes opposed taxes levied w/out levied w/out consent.consent.

• Sons of LibertySons of Liberty– Organized society Organized society

that rioted in large that rioted in large towns.towns.

• British merchants British merchants demand the repeal demand the repeal of the Stamp Act.of the Stamp Act.– Colonists not buying Colonists not buying

their goodstheir goods

• Stamp Act repealed Stamp Act repealed by Britain in 1766.by Britain in 1766.

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Declaratory Act of 1766Declaratory Act of 1766

• Parliament asserts Parliament asserts that it had full that it had full authority and power authority and power to make laws to to make laws to bind the colonies bind the colonies and people of and people of America.America.

• Colonists really Colonists really angry-feel that they angry-feel that they can not “work” with can not “work” with BritainBritain

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Townshend ActsTownshend Acts

• Levied import Levied import duties duties (taxes)(taxes) on on articles of articles of everyday use in everyday use in America.America.– Tea, lead, glass, Tea, lead, glass,

colors for paint.colors for paint.

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Writs of AssistanceWrits of Assistance

• Implemented by Implemented by British government British government to enforce new laws.to enforce new laws.

• Written statements Written statements giving govt. officials giving govt. officials the legal right to the legal right to search colonist’s search colonist’s businesses, shipsbusinesses, ships, , etc.etc.– Open-ended search Open-ended search

warrant.warrant.– Search warrant- Search warrant-

must have must have specificspecific reasons.reasons.

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The Boston MassacreThe Boston Massacre• March 5, 1770March 5, 1770• Large crowd gathered Large crowd gathered

around British around British soldiers.soldiers.

• Soldiers fired upon the Soldiers fired upon the crowd- 5 civilians crowd- 5 civilians killed and 6 injured.killed and 6 injured.

• Crispus Attucks- black Crispus Attucks- black slave first person slave first person killed.killed.

• Boston crowd cries Boston crowd cries “massacre”, forces “massacre”, forces troops to leavetroops to leave

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Repeal of The Townshend Repeal of The Townshend ActsActs

• British Prime British Prime Minister calls for Minister calls for repeal of repeal of Townshend Acts as Townshend Acts as they are they are hurting hurting British merchants.British merchants.

• Retain the tax on Retain the tax on tea as a symbol of tea as a symbol of the powerthe power Parliament had over Parliament had over the colonists.the colonists.

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Committee of Committee of CorrespondenceCorrespondence

• 21 member group 21 member group who attempted to who attempted to keep other colonies keep other colonies and the world and the world informedinformed about about what was what was happening in happening in Massachusetts.Massachusetts.– Patrick HenryPatrick Henry– Richard Henry LeeRichard Henry Lee

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Tea Act of 1773Tea Act of 1773

• Tax on teaTax on tea• Allowed the East Allowed the East

India Company to India Company to bypass British bypass British wholesalers and wholesalers and sell tea directly to sell tea directly to the colonists.the colonists.– Hurts colonial tea Hurts colonial tea

merchants. merchants.

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Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party• 17731773

• Colonists dressed Colonists dressed as Indians board as Indians board

tea ships and tea ships and dump the cargo dump the cargo

into Boston Harbor.into Boston Harbor.• $1000’s lost. $1000’s lost.

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Intolerable Acts of 1774Intolerable Acts of 1774

1.1. ClosedClosed port of Boston port of Boston to all to all shipping until colonists paid shipping until colonists paid for destroyed tea.for destroyed tea.

2.2. Revoked Massachusetts Revoked Massachusetts charter and charter and forbadeforbade town town meetings.meetings.

3.3. Required colonists to Required colonists to provide provide food food and shelter to and shelter to BritishBritish soldiers sent to soldiers sent to America to enforce new America to enforce new laws.laws.

4.4. British officials charged w/ British officials charged w/ crimes committed in crimes committed in America could have America could have casescases tried in England.tried in England.

!@#*/!CFFC

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Quebec ActQuebec Act of 1774 of 1774• One of the Intolerable One of the Intolerable

Acts.Acts.• Enlarged Quebec by Enlarged Quebec by

establishing the establishing the southern border of southern border of Canada to the Ohio Canada to the Ohio River and Mississippi.River and Mississippi.

• Allowed French law to Allowed French law to stay.stay.

• Took away western Took away western lands from colonists.lands from colonists.

• ““Just another act to Just another act to punish!” is what the punish!” is what the colonists saycolonists say

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First Continental First Continental CongressCongress

• All colonies attend All colonies attend except Georgia.except Georgia.

• 5 agreements5 agreements1.1. Right to life, Right to life,

liberty, and liberty, and property.property.

2.2. Mutual support of Mutual support of coloniescolonies..

3.3. Revived non-Revived non-importation importation agreements.agreements.

4.4. Would not sell goods Would not sell goods to Britain.to Britain.

5.5. Local committees Local committees to provide action to provide action against Britain.against Britain.

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The The RevolutionaRevolutiona

riesries

Page 64: Moving Toward Independence

Samuel AdamsSamuel Adams

• Former unsuccessful Former unsuccessful brewer and political brewer and political activist.activist.

• 1764- Gets elected to 1764- Gets elected to the Massachusetts the Massachusetts legislature.legislature.

• Leader of a radical Leader of a radical group called the group called the Sons of Liberty.Sons of Liberty.

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Samuel Adams- ActivistSamuel Adams- Activist• Sugar Act- Sugar Act- Drafts Drafts

colonial negative colonial negative response.response.

• Stamp Act- Instigates Stamp Act- Instigates riotsriots in Boston. in Boston.

• Townshend Acts- Townshend Acts- Drafts a letter trying to Drafts a letter trying to unite the colonies.unite the colonies.

• Gathers a crowd of Gathers a crowd of 5,000 colonists to 5,000 colonists to protest British troops in protest British troops in Boston.Boston.

• Organizes the Boston Organizes the Boston Tea PartyTea Party in response in response to the Tea Act.to the Tea Act.

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John HancockJohn Hancock

• Wealthy Boston Wealthy Boston trader and shipper.trader and shipper.

• Opposes the Stamp Opposes the Stamp Act and the Act and the Townshend Acts.Townshend Acts.

• Finances many of the Finances many of the revolutionary revolutionary activities.activities.

• Finances the Finances the “minutemen“minutemen”- a ”- a group of volunteers group of volunteers ready to do battle at ready to do battle at a minutes notice.a minutes notice.

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John AdamsJohn Adams• Massachusetts lawyer.Massachusetts lawyer.• Opposes the Stamp Act.Opposes the Stamp Act.• Successfully defends the Successfully defends the

four British soldiers four British soldiers accused of murder in accused of murder in the Boston Massacre.the Boston Massacre.

• Becomes a member of Becomes a member of the First Continental the First Continental Congress and nominates Congress and nominates George Washington George Washington commander-in-chief of commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.the Continental Army.

Page 68: Moving Toward Independence

Patrick HenryPatrick Henry • Member of the Member of the Virginia House of Virginia House of Burgesses.Burgesses.

• 1765- Drafts the 1765- Drafts the Virginia Stamp Act Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions.Resolutions.– The colonies only The colonies only

had the right to had the right to issue taxes on the issue taxes on the colonists.colonists.

• 1775- Calls for 1775- Calls for military action military action against Britain.against Britain.– ““Give me liberty or Give me liberty or

give me death!”give me death!”

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Thomas Thomas

PainePaine Wrote the Wrote the

widely-read widely-read pamphlet, pamphlet, Common Common Sense (1776),Sense (1776), advocating advocating colonial colonial America's America's independencindependence from the e from the Kingdom of Kingdom of Great BritainGreat Britain

These are the times that try These are the times that try men's soulsmen's souls: The summer : The summer soldier and the sunshine soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of shrink from the service of their country; but he that their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with have this consolation with us, that the harder the us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its that gives every thing its value.value.

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The Battle Begins- Part II The Battle Begins- Part II

or How We Come to be Known as or How We Come to be Known as AmericansAmericans