Monaural Input Channel

An in-depth look at a single channel on the Mixing Console in the Main

Stage

1

1. +48V (phantom power)

• This switches the phantom power on/off.• Phantom power provides 48 volts to the

corresponding channel.• This is most often used for condenser mics.

2

2. Gain

• This adjust the input sensitivity.• The higher the gain, the larger the input signal

will be. • Think of the Goldilocks Rule for gain.– Gain is low + Fader is high = Increased Noise– Gain is high + Fader is low = Incr. Chance of Distortion– Gain just right + Fader just right = Purrrrrrrfect.

3

3. 26 dB Pad (attenuator)

• This attenuates, or reduces, the input signal by 26 dB.

• Attenuators are use to decrease the power of an input signal without distorting the waveform.

• Think of it as the opposite of an amplifier.

4

4. Phase Switch

• This reverses the phase of the input signal.• Used to prevent sound waves from going out

of phase and cancelling each other out.

5

5. High pass filter

• The High pass filter attenuates any frequency below 80 Hz by an 18 dB/oct curve.

6

6. Equalizer (EQ) Controls

• This is a four band equalizer.– Meaning you can adjust four different frequencies

on one channel.

Band Type Center Freq. Gain

HIGH Shelving 10 kHz ± 15 dB

HIGH-MID Peaking 400 Hz to 8 kHz ± 15 dB

LOW-MID Peaking 80 Hz to 1.6 kHz ± 15 dB

LOW Shelving 100 Hz ± 15 dB

Shelf vs. PeakTop Shelf – Boosts or Reduces all frequencies above the center frequency.

Bottom Shelf – Boosts or Reduces all frequencies below the center frequency.

Peak– Boosts or Reduces center frequency as well as some frequencies above and below.

7

7. EQ Switch

• Turns the EQ on and off.• When off the signal bypasses the EQ pots.

8

8. AUX Controls (1-14)

• The adjust the level at which the signal of the monaural input channel is set to AUX buses 1 to 14.

• Provide additional or auxiliary mixes.• We mainly use them for Monitors.

9

9. AUX Pre Switches

• If theses switches are on, the post-EQ signal will be sent to the AUX buses. If they are turned off the post-Fader signal will be sent.

• In other words when the pre button is pressed, the “pre-fader” signal is sent to the AUX bus.

• This means that the fader can be turned down and you still get signal to the AUX bus.

10

10. Pan

• Adjusts the pan or balance of the signal.• Can do 3 different things– When the ST switch is on: Pan adjusts the signal

from right to left in the STEREO L/R bus.– When the LCR switch is on: Pan adjusts the signal

between the STEREO L/R bus and the MONO bus.– When a 1-2/3-4/etc. switch is on: Pan will send

signal to either odd (Left) or even (right) group buses.

11

11. Channel(Bus) Assign Switches

• These switches assign the post-fader, post-pan signal to the desired bus.– 1-2/3-4/etc. – When pressed signal will be sent to the

corresponding GROUP bus.– ST – When pressed signal will be sent to the STEREO

bus. (Our Main Faders)– MONO – When pressed, signal will be sent to the

MONO bus.– LCR – When pressed, signal will be sent to both the

STEREO and MONO buses.

12

12. ON/EDIT

• Turns the channel On and Off.• When On, the signal is sent to all selected

buses.• When Off, no signal leaves the mixer, however

the input can still be monitored with the PFL button.

13

13. PEAK/NOM/SIGNAL

• These are three indicators that all you to monitor the pre-fader signal.– Peak – Lights up Red when the signal exceeds the

nominal level of 17 dB. (Peaking Causes Distortion)

– Nom – Lights up Yellow when the signal reaches the nominal level of 0 dB.

– Signal – Lights up Green when the signal reaches the nominal level of -13 dB.

14

14. Channel Fader

• This adjusts the output level, or amplitude or the channel signal.

• It affects the level of signal sent to the GROUP, STEREO, MONO/C, and AUX (if pre is not selected) buses.

15

15. PFL (Pre-Fader Listen)

• When the switch is on, the pre-fader signal will be sent to the MONITOR INPUT PFL bus, and can be monitored from the MONITOR OUT and PHONES jacks.