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Molecular Genetics. Protein. DNA. Phenotype. RNA. Genome Gene. The flow of information:. 1. Storage. 2. Replication. 3. Gene Expression. Transcription. Translation. The Molecular Basis of Heredity. The Flow of Genetic Information in the Cell. The Genetic Code. a 2 b b ’. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Molecular Genetics
DNA PhenotypeRNA
TranscriptionTranslation
Genome Gene
The flow of information:1. Storage
3. Gene Expression
Protein
2. Replication
Transcription
*RNA polymerasereminder: RNA contains ribose, phosphate group and A, C, G and U (not T)
*RNA polymerase (from E. coli )
a2 b b’s *Sigma factor
Core*Core
Sigma factor
Holoenzyme
Start of geneticmessage
Tail
End
Cap
Translation requires:• Messenger RNA (mRNA)• Transfer RNA (tRNA)• Ribosomes• ATP• Enzymes (translation factors)
Translation
TranslationTransfer RNA (tRNA):
• Molecular interpreter
• Matches amino acids with codons in mRNA using anticodons
Anticodon
Amino acid attachment site
tRNA binding sites
LargesubunitSmallsubunit
P site A site
TranslationRibosomes:• Coordinate the functions of mRNA and tRNA• Made of two subunits• Contain ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
InitiatortRNA
mRNA
TranslationComplex formation:
• Ribosome• mRNA• Initiator tRNA• Translation factors
Startcodon
TranslationCodon Recognition:• Another tRNA• Translation factors
InitiatortRNA
mRNA
Startcodon
Anticodon
Transcription
mRNA DNA
Nucleus
mRNA
RNA processing
Amino acidattachment
EnzymeATP Initiationof translation
Elongation
Termination
Polypeptide