Modeliranje toplinkih postupaka dobijanja magnezija

8/9/2019 Modeliranje toplinkih postupaka dobijanja magnezija

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Mde f Tea MaePcee

W Wada

A Thesis Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy

Fac f Eee ad Ida SceceSbe Ue f Tec

2013


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D

Te a decae a e:

• ca aea c a bee acceed f e aad e

caddae f a e deee da, ece ee de efeece

ade e e f e e;

• e be f e caddae ede ca aea e

bed e b ae e ece ee de efeece

ade e e f e e; ad

• ee e baed eeac bca, dce e

eae cb f e eece e a.

W WadaFeba 2013


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T Pae Iea Lef Ba


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A

Te ce da e f dc ae a e Pde

ce, a bac eaca e a e cec edc f

eac ae e f f ea a. We ce

eae ad ffe e ea, e dc f ce e

. Oe cec cee c a e Maee ad e Me

ce ae ceae e dc f e cec edc

ce b ca e edc a e eeae a d de

ae. Te e eeae ad ced ceaed dc

e ead eae e e ae ea. We e

cec cee a bee eae e ee ea, ee ed

fa e edac ad ec f e ce. I aca,

ee ed fa e bea f ae a ad

e ee cee. Te e f d eae e

fdaea ce acaed e cec cee,

ea e bea f e e ce, b

edac de ad ec aa, ad e e edc f

edac de b ef a eeea d.

Te f ae f e d fced e edac de f

cec cee e Gbb ee a ed.

Tedac de edced e f ae ece f e

ce a ecfc ea cd. Te e ed e de eedc eeea ad da daa f eae: F eae beee

1100 ad 1200 °C, e de edced 99 % f ce e daa

ed a ce aed beee 87 ad 89 %. A de f

e eac ae a deeed daa f cca aaed eae

decbe e eac beee ba ea ed e ae

e e. A ae eb de f a cdea

edced e eeae e ce a eeae ae beee


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e eac ad cdee e; a beee 482 ad 1100 °C,

e c f e ece Fe, FeS, CaO, ad M2Ca.

I e e ae f eeac, a ec d a caed aae e

ec f e ce de a f e a aee. Te eeea

daa ed f d a f a e e cec eac

de a aee. Te ec aa cdeed a be f ec

de dffee c fac ad e a afe ec f

ae a f e bee e b a ae. Baed e

aa, a ccded a e cec ce de e

aee a ced b d ae dff f eaca, e Jadead GBe de be e be de decbe e ec

f e ce. Te aa a edced a af a afe f

ae e b a ae a e ea ec f e

ce.

I de e edc f e edac de d, a

eeea aaa a deeed ad eeea a efed

e Pde ce ce eae e bea f e

e ce. Se cdeae ee fd e ce a f e face,

MO a e a ae. Te ae ea cdeae ad bee

ed ded afe fa. Te aa f ccea f e

cdeae a edced f e edac de d a

beed e eeea d. Te Caca Ncea Te edc

a ee cea f e ece cc a dffee eeae,

c ced dffee e a be. Hee, de

e a ee f Ca, SO, ad Fe eeae ae, ee

ece d be eeced be beed e eeea d,

c a ce e eeea e.

I cc, ee edece a e ee ae a

ca be acca eaaed b eece cdea, ee

edaca feabe. Eeea a e ccea ad

eeae ae ae eed f ee .


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A

I d e ee ade Aa, e A, de e

PD d ad bed.

I a debed ad bed e, Pfe Geffe B, f

dace ad , ad ce ead e f e. He a

bee e cae e e I a bee

beee PD e ad bec a e. I ea ade

ea eeac ad cb e ce, c a

ae e d eeac. I d e a f dc e

fed f eeac ad e eeae ce eeac c.

I a d e ee ade ecd e, D. M. Aba

Rada, f aabe dc. T eea e, D. Ba J.

Maa, I d e a f aabe dc ad e

eeac. I aa a e ec f ced

e, eeca ab e aaca a e a eeea .

I e cee afe ecca aff a e Fac f Eee ad

Ida Scece: P Wa, Aec Paaca, Dad Va, ad Ade

Me f a e cc eeea ad e e ecca.

W e aace, a e cae cc ad dee a

e aba ad eeea e ea f eeac .

I a d e a D. Jae Wa f a e cdc

SEM/EDS aa, ad D. Fac Maebe f Fac f Lfe ad Sca

Scece f a e cdc XRD aa ad a dc e

eeac .

Ta a ceae f e H Teeae Pce (

eca de): Nea Da, Na Hda, Be Fae, Med Aa,


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Bead X, Rea M, Abd Ka, Saf Ia, ad Saba Saba. I

aca, I d e a Nea, Na, ad Med f a

def dc ad a f ede ad eeece d e

da f PD e.

I a e af bad, Maad A Kae, aa

e a a f d. I a bee a ea eeece

ae PD e ad ae cefc dc a

ca. T , Affa ad Afa, a bee ec,

a be ae ad dead e ad e b

e PD. Ad a ae, e, ad ae a (Haa Ba

ad N Rda) e c e ad ecae e

f d, I d e a e.

T e dedcaed beed ae, Na Idaaa ad Nada

Ad. Te ae aed e a e f cece ad aa e

a cda a e e acee cce ce cdd

.


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, M K, A, A


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T Pae Iea Lef Ba


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C

Decaa ................................................... ............................................................ ..........................

Abac .............................................................................. ............................................................ ...

Acede ......................................................... ............................................................ .....

Tabe f Ce ............................................................ ............................................................ ...

L f Fe ........................................................ ............................................................ ..........

L f Tabe ................................................................................................................................

Necae ..........................................................................................................................

1 Idc .................................................................................................. .......................... 1

2

Fdaea f Scec Pcee ....................................................... .............. 5

2.1 Te Pde Pce ....................................................... ............................................. 5

2.1.1 Tedac f e Pde Pce................................................... 9

2.1.2 Reac Kec f e Pde Pce ................................................ 12

2.1.2.1 Reac Vac Cd ........................................................... . 12

2.1.2.1.1 Effec f Teeae ad Pee ............................................. 17

2.1.2.1.2 Effec f Sc Gade ......................................................................... 18

2.1.2.1.3

Effec f Sc Sce ........................................................ 19

2.1.2.1.4 Effec f Caa.................................................................................... 19

2.1.2.1.5 Effec f Pace Se ad Db ........................................ 20

2.1.2.1.6 Effec f Be Pee ......................................................... 20

2.1.2.2 Reac de F Ie Ga Aee ........................... 20

2.1.3 Reac Meca f e Pde Pce ......................................... 22

2.2 Ba Pce ...................................................... .................................................... 27

2.3

Maee Pce ............................................................................................. ... 29

2.3.1 Maee Pce Dec .............................................................. . 29

2.3.2 Maee Ref Oea ...................................................... ........... 32

2.3.3 Mdfed Maee Pcee ............................................................... . 33

2.4 Me Pce ........................................................ .................................................... 34

2.4.1 Me Pce Dec .......................................................................... 34

2.4.2 Me Ref Oea ............................................................................ 39

2.4.3

Pec f e Me Pce.................................................................. 40


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2.5 P Reee f Ceca Mae .......................................... 41

3 Ree f Tedac ad Kec f H Teeae Se ..... 45

3.1 Tedac Mde .............................................................................. ...... 45

3.1.1 Gbb Ee Ma ........................................ ................................... 45

3.1.2 Daabae Deee ................................................................................... 48

3.1.3 S Mde ..................................................... ............................................. 48

3.1.3.1 Idea S Mde ....................................................... ......................... 49

3.1.3.2 De S Mde ..................................................... ......................... 49

3.1.3.3 Rea S Mde ............................................................ .............. 50

3.1.3.4 Rad M S Mde ...................................................... .... 51

3.1.3.5 Sbace Mde ..................................................... ................................... 52

3.1.3.6 Cd Ee Fa Mde ............................................... 53

3.1.3.7 Mdfed Qaceca Mde ........................................................... 53

3.1.4 Tececa Pacae ................................................... ......................... 55

3.1.4.1 CeTedaa ....................................................... ......................... 55

3.1.4.2 HSC ................................................................................................................. 56

3.1.4.3 FacSae ........................................................... ............................................. 56

3.1.4.4 MTDATA .......................................................... ............................................. 57

3.2 Reac Kec ............................................................ ............................................ 58

3.2.1 Kec f Heeee Reac ...................................................... .... 58

3.2.2 Kec Te f GaSd Reac ...................................................... 60

3.2.3 Kec Te f SdSd Reac ................................................... 62

3.2.3.1 SdSae Dff ................................................................................ 66

3.2.3.2 GaPae Ma Tafe ......................................................... .............. 67

3.2.4

Kec f Va Cdea ............................................................ .... 70

3.2.4.1 Hee Ncea ..................................................................... 71

3.2.4.1.1 Caca Ncea Te (CNT) ................................................ 73

3.2.4.1.2 Scaed Ncea Te (SNT) ..................................................... 74

3.2.4.1.3 Iea Ce Caca Ncea Te (ICCT) ... 75

3.2.4.2 Heeee Ncea ..................................................... ............... 76

3.2.4.3 G f Pace................................................................................... 77

3.3

Eeea Tece ................................................................................. ...... 78


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3.3.1 Eeea Tece e Kec f Scec

Pcee ....................................................... ............................................................ ............ 78

3.3.2 Eeea Sde Hee Ncea ........................... 84

4

Reeac Ie................................................................................................................... 87

5 Tedac Mde f Scec Pcee ...................................... 89

5.1 Med f Mde ...................................................... ................................ 89

5.2 Tedac Aa f Scec Pcee ................................. 92

5.2.1 Tedac Sa f e Pde Pce........................... 94

5.2.1.1 Mde Deee ......................................................................... 94

5.2.1.2 Re ....................................................... .................................................... 97

5.2.2

Tedac Sa f e Maee Pce ................. 99

5.2.2.1 Mde Deee ....................................................................... 99

5.2.2.2 Re ....................................................... .................................................. 100

5.2.3 Tedac Sa f e Me Pce ........................... 101

5.2.3.1 Mde Deee ....................................................................... 101

5.2.3.2 Re ....................................................... .................................................. 102

5.2.4 Ie e Scec Pcee ............................................. 103

5.2.4.1

Mde Deee ....................................................................... 104

5.2.4.2 Mde f Ie Bea f Va dced f

e Pde Pce .................................................. .................................................. 105


e Maee Pce ............................................................................... ............ 107


e Me Pce ..................................................... .................................................. 107

5.2.5 Aa f Pea Sd .................................................................... 109

5.3 Deaed Tedac Aa f e Pde Pce .................... 111

5.3.1 Deee f Tedac Mde f Meac Pae ........ 112

5.3.1.1 MCa Se ........................................................................................... 112

5.3.1.2 MS Se ......................................................................... ................... 114

5.3.1.3 CaS Se ............................................................... .............................. 115

5.3.1.4 FeS Se ...................................................... ........................................ 116

5.3.1.5 Oe Se ........................................................................................ .. 117

5.3.1.6 Cc f Meac Pae S Mde Daabae .... 117


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5.3.1.7 Ne BI Meac S Daabae f FacSae ..119

5.3.2 Mde Fa ............................................................ ......................121

5.3.3 Re .................................................................................................................123

5.3.3.1 Effec f Se Vaabe Mae Rece ....................123

5.3.3.1.1 Effec f Teeae .......................................................................123

5.3.3.1.2 Effec f Pee ......................................................... .......................124

5.3.3.2 Se Sae Cdea Mde.....................................................126

5.3.3.3 Mae Cdea Mde .......................................................129

5.3.3.3.1 Mde f Va Cdea f 1160 °C Reac

Teeae ..............................................................................................................129

5.3.3.3.2

Mde f Va Cdea f 1360 °C ReacTeeae ..............................................................................................................134

5.4 Dc ...................................................................................................................137

5.4.1 Effec f Oea Cd Mae Rece....................137

5.4.2 Eb Mde f Va Cdea ......................................138

5.5 Ccd Rea ...............................................................................................141

6 Kec f Scec Pce de F A Aee .........143

6.1

Idc ...............................................................................................................143

6.2 Kec f Reac ....................................................... ..........................................144

6.2.1 Mde Fa .........................................................................................146

6.2.2 Re .................................................................................................................151

6.3 Kec f Ma Tafe ...................................................... ................................156

6.3.1 Mde Fa .......................................................................................158

6.3.1.1 GaF Ma Tafe ............................................................ ............158

6.3.1.2

Pe Dff...........................................................................................160

6.3.2 Re .................................................................................................................161

6.3.2.1 Effec f A Ga F Rae .......................................................... ..162

6.3.2.2 Effec f Te ad Teeae .......................................................163

6.4 Dc ...................................................................................................................165

6.4.1 Kec f Reac ........................................................................................165

6.4.2 Kec f Ma Tafe .............................................................................167

6.5

Cc .................................................... ............................................................ ...168


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7 Eeea: Ie Sd Mae Pdced a Scec

Pce ............................................................................................................ ............................... 171

7.1 Eeea Med .................................................... .............................. 171

7.1.1

Eeea R ............................................................................................. 172

7.1.1.1 A Ga Se ................................................................................... 172

7.1.1.2 Redc Se ................................................................................... 173

7.1.1.3 Cdee De ................................................................................... 175

7.1.2 Sae Peaa .......................................................... .............................. 176

7.1.2.1 Reaca .................................................................................................... 176

7.1.2.2 Sae Peaa Pcede ....................................................... 176

7.1.2.3

Teeae Pfe Meaee ................................................. 179

7.1.3 Ma Eeea Pa ................................................... .................... 179

7.1.4 Maea Caacea ....................................................... ................... 181

7.1.4.1 Sca Eec Mcce (SEM) ............................................. 181

7.1.4.2 Ee Dee Secc (EDS) ......................................... 183

7.1.4.3 XRa Dffac (XRD) ....................................................................... 184

7.1.4.4 Idce Ce Paa Ac E Secc

(ICPAES) 186

7.1.4.5 E Aa ......... .............................................................. ................... 186

7.2 Eeea Re................ ........................................................... ................... 187

7.2.1 Reaca Caacea ................................ ......................................... 187

7.2.2 PReac Caacea ................................................................. 192

7.2.3 Cdeae Caacea ........................................................... ......... 193

7.2.4 Sa f Re .......................................................... .............................. 200

8

Aa f Hee Ncea f Va f ScecPce ............................................................................................................ ............................... 203

8.1 Mde Fa .......................................................... ........................................ 205

8.1.1 Pee Daa ................ ............................................................. ................... 206

8.1.2 Seaa ................................... ........................................................... . 208

8.2 Re ......................................................................... ................................................. 211

8.2.1 Cdea f Mae .............................................................. ......... 211

8.2.2 Cdea f Sc Mde ............................ ............................... 215

8.2.3 Cdea f Cac ........................................................... ................... 217


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8.2.4 Cdea f I......................................................................................219

8.3 Dc ...................................................................................................................220

8.4 Cc .................................................... ............................................................ ...223

9 Dc ...........................................................................................................................225

10 Cc ad Receda .....................................................................233

Refeece ....................................................................................................................................237

Aede

Aed A: Sece ad Pae e Scec Se................................... A1

A.1 Caced De........................................................................................................... A1

A.2 Fec....................................................................................................................... A2

A.3 F........................................................................................................................................A3

A.4 Dcac Scae.......................................................................................................... ..A3

Aed B: FacSae Pa............................................................................................... B1

B.1 Dec f Pa................................................................................................ B1

B.2 Ced S Mde...................................................................................... B4

B.3 Eae f Caa Tedac.................................................. B7

B.3.1 Pde Pce Eb a 1100 °C ad 7 Pa.................................. B7

B.3.2 Cdea f Mae Va a 1050 °C...................................... B7

Aed C: Teeae Pfe Meaee............................................................. C1

C.1 Teeae Pfe ad Cdee.......................................... C1

C.2 Teeae Pfe Dffee A Ga F...................................... C2

C.3 Teeae Pfe a 1140 1145 °C ................................................................ C2

C.4 Teeae Pfe a Dffee Se P Teeae.............................. C3

C.5 Iea P de Ha Tbe Face......................................C3

Aed D: E Aa...................................................................................................... D1

D.1 E Eeea Pcede....................................................................... D1

D.1.1 We E....................................................................................................... D1

D.1.2 Teeae Meaee E.................................................................. D1

D.1.3 E Sae P de Face.................................................... D2

D.1.4 F Rae E.................................................................................................... D2

D.2 E Aaca Tece................................................................................. .D2

D.2.1 E EDS Aa............................................................................................D2


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D.2.1 E XRD Aa...........................................................................................D2

Aed E: Sae Caca.......................................................................................... E1

E.1 Kec Aa................................................................................................................ .E1

E.1.1 Deea f Ma Tafe Ceffce.............................................. .E1

E.2 Eeea Sd......................................................................................................... E2

E.2.1 Caca f Reed A f Reaca............................................. E2


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T Pae Iea Lef Ba


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F

Fe 2.1 Te Pde Pce F Daa15 ............................................................... 7

Fe 2.2 Sceac f Ha Re ad Cdee18 .................................... .... 8

Fe 2. 3 Sc Ace () f e FeS Se: a. a 1200 °C,

Refeece Sae Sd Sc23, b. a 1500 °C, Refeece Sae Me

Sc24, ad c. a 1600 °C, Refeece Sae Me Sc25 ....................... ..... 9

Fe 2. 4 Gbb Ee f Reac26 Cacaed FacSae 6.2 ................... 11

Fe 2. 5 Kec f Scec Reac a Vac Cd f 0.5 H

(Afe T ad Pde16, 35) ............................................................................................. 13

Fe 2.6 Mae Rece f e Pde Pce. De e A:

e, ad ad accae; De B: b, fabe ad,

ccae ........................................................................................................................... 15

Fe 2.7 Ae P f e Jade Ca (Wc 36) .............. 16

Fe 2.8 Effec f Pee Ce f Mae (afe Pde12 ad

T ad Pde35) ............................................................................................................... 17

Fe 2.9 Effec f Fec Gade Mae Ce ........................ 18

Fe 2.10 Effec f Sc (75%FeS) Sce Mae Ce

............................................................................................................................................................ 19

Fe 2. 11 Effec f Te ad Teeae Ce f Mae

A Aee a 2.5×104 3/ (Afe M 34) ..................................... 21

Fe 2.12 Effec f Hde F Rae Mae Ce.

Teeae: 1150 °C; ee ad: 9 ; Cac ee: 68 MPa.

(afe Baa ad Wc37) ................................................... ........................................... 22

Fe 2.13 Te eece f CaS2 MOCaOS e. C: CaS2, γ : γ Ca2SO4

(afe Wc ad Pde28) ......................................................... ................................. 24

Fe 2.14 Pedced Ce Pfe f Tca Eeea Cd.

Rad: 1.0 c, Teeae: 1177 °C, = 418 J/K36 ............................................ 25

Fe 2.15 Effec f Pee Rad e Ce Pfe ad Teeae

Db e Bee, Pedced b e Mde. Teeae: 1177

°C, = 418 J/K, Te: 60 36 ....................................................... ................................. 26


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Fe 2.16 Cacaed Mae Pee e Bee Sface ad B

Ga37 .................................................. ............................................................ .................................... 27

Fe 2. 17 Ba Reac48 ........................................................... .................................... 28

Fe 2.18 Te Sceac f Maee Pce53 .................................................. 29

Fe 2.19 Te Pae Daa f CaOMOSO2A2O3 Se a 10%

A2O3(Teeae K)61. Te Ge Aea e Maee Oea

Cd......................................................................................................................................... 31

Fe 2.20 Pae Daa f CaOMOA2O3SO2 Se a 10 %

A2O3(Teeae K)61. Te bac aea e Me Oea Cd . 35

Fe 2.21 La f e MTMP P Pa 70 ............................................................ ...... 37

Fe 3.1 Dffee Mde f Dff133 ................................................................... ..... 59

Fe 3.2 Reeea f a Reac Pace e Dff Ga

F e C Reace136. ................................................................... ............... 60

Fe 3.3 Dff f Sece A f a Sd Sface a M Ga

Sea134 ................................................... ............................................................ .......................... 69

Fe 3.4 Bac Se f Ca G f Cdea f Va. A.

Geea. B. B Ta. C. Bda Lae Ta. D.

Ad/De. E. Ma. F. Ncea165 ................................................ 71

Fe 3.5 Te Sceac f Gae Re (Afe T ad Pde)38 ........ 79

Fe 3.6 Eeea Cfa Ha Tbe Face (Afe

He 29) .................................................. ............................................................ ................ 80

Fe 3.7 Effec f Hde F Rae e Aae Reac Pee a

1159 °C (afe Pde ad K27) ............................................................ .......................... 80

Fe 3.8 Te Sceac f Va Pee Meaee (afe Pde ad

K27) ......................................................... ............................................................ ......................... 82

Fe 3.9 Mae Redc Aaa (afe M 40) ........................... 83

Fe 3.10 Sceac f Eeea Sd (afe Ma 32) ......................... 83

Fe 3.11 Sceac f Eeea Sd f M Va Cdea183 ... 84

Fe 5.1 Tedac Mde Med .................................................... 91

Fe 5.2 Sceac f Eb Caca ..................................................... ..... 96

Fe 5.3 Eb Caca f e Pde Pce a 1100 °C ad 7 Pa 97


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Fe 5.4 Eb caca f e Maee Pce a 1550 °C ad

5 Pa. ............................................ ......................................................... ......................................... 101

Fe 5.5 Eb Caca f e Me Pce a 1750 °C ad 85

Pa. ......................................................................................................... ......................................... 103

Fe 5.6 Sceac f Mae Eb de ...................................... 105

Fe 5.7 Pedced Ie Db f Mae Eb

Caca Va Pedced f e Pde Pce ............................ 105

Fe 5.8 Pedced Ie Db f Mae Eb

Caca Va Pedced f e Maee Pce .................. 106

Fe 5.9 I db f e Me Pce ............................................. 108

Fe 5. 10 Pae Daa f M Rc Re MCa Se211 ..................... 112

Fe 5. 11 Ac f M ad Ca106 a 550 °C .............................................................. 113

Fe 5.12 (a) Pae Daa f MS e, (b) Pae Daa f Mc

Re MS Se217 ..................... ........................................................... .................... 114

Fe 5. 13 Ac f M ad S217 a 550 °C ............................................................. . 115

Fe 5. 14 Pae Daa f MS Se (afe Gbe 220) ....... ........... 115

Fe 5.15 Pae Daa f FeS (afe Lacae ad Sda221) ......... ........... 116

Fe 5.16 Sceac f Mde Reeea ........................................................ 121

Fe 5.17 Sceac f Tedac Mde f e Pde Pce.. 121

Fe 5.18 Effec f Teeae Mae Rece a e Pde

Pce ............................................................................................................ ............................... 124

Fe 5.19 Effec f Pee Mae Rece a e Pde ce

...................................................... ........................................................... ......................................... 125

Fe 5.20 Effec f Pee ad Teeae Mae Rece

Pedced b Tedac Mde ...................................................... ................... 125

Fe 5.21 Te Pedced Fac f Mae Va e Pde

Pce Se a Va Teeae ad Pee ........................................... 126

Fe 5.22 Mae Ie b Se Sae Eb ........................... 127

Fe 5.23 Ca beee (a) Idea S Mde ad (b) Rad

M S Mde f e Mde f e Pde Pce Ie a

1160 °C Teeae. ................... .............................................................. ............................ 130


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Fe 5.24 Ma Fac f Mae Ie Db f 1360 °C

Reac Teeae Rad M Mde f e Meac Pae .....134

Fe 6.1 Sceac f e Eeea Sd f e Pde Pce............143

Fe 6.2 Reeeae f (a) Dff C ad (b) Pae Bda

Reac C ........................................................................................................................146

Fe 6.3 Rea beee K ad (afe Se ad Ec7) ...............149

Fe 6.4 Ca beee Eeea Daa34 ad Kec Mde a (a)

1150 °C ad (b) 1300 °C .........................................................................................................152

Fe 6.5 Dff C Mde M 34 Eeea Daa .........153

Fe 6.6 Ca f Mae Rece beee Dffee Dff

Mde a Dffee Reac Teeae aa Redced Te .......................155

Fe 6.7 Ae P f Naa La Naa f e Rae Ca ad

Recca Teeae ( K) ............................................................................................156

Fe 6.8 Sceac f Tafe f Mae Va ...........................................157

Fe 6.9 Sceac f (a) Pe Dff ad (b) GaF Ma Tafe

C ...........................................................................................................................................157

Fe 6.10 Cacaed Pee f Mae Va e Sface f

Bee ad B Pae a F Rae a 1300 °C.......................................................163

Fe 6.11 Cacaed Paa Pee f Mae Va e Sface f

Bee ad B Pae a dffee Redc Te ..............................................165

Fe 6.12 (a) Sceac f Jade Mde154 ad GBe

Mde156; (b) Sceac f Bee .................................................................................166

Fe 6.13 Eaa f Dff Mde a Teeae (a) 1150 °C ad

(b) 1300 °C ...................................................................................................................................166

Fe 6.14 Eaa f Va Pee f Mae a Ia Te (a

1150 ad 1300 °C) ....................................................................................................................167

Fe 7.1 Sceac f Eeea R .......................................................................172

Fe 7.2 Sceac f Sae befe ad D Reac ..................................174

Fe 7.3 Te efed ad ed f e eac be .......................................174

Fe 7.4 Sceac f Waeced Cdee ........................................................175

Fe 7.5 Pa f Ce Cdee .................................................................176


23/322

Fe 7.6 Sae Peaa Tece ...................................................................... 177

Fe 7.7 Sae Aaee ............................................................. ............................. 178

Fe 7.8 SEM/EDS Ee ............................................................. ............................. 182

Fe 7.9 Be AXS XRa Dffac...................................................... ................... 185

Fe 7.10 SEM f MO (Sa: Secda Eec, EHT: 3.00 V, W

Dace: 6 ) .................................................................................................... ..................... 187

Fe 7.11 SEM f CaO (Sa: Secda Eec, EHT: 8.0 V,

dace: 4 ) .................................................... ............................................................ .......... 187

Fe 7.12 SEM f FeS (Sa: Secda Eec, EHT: 3.0 V,

dace: 6 ) .................................................... ............................................................ .......... 188

Fe 7.13 XRD Pae f Peeaed Pee Ie Aee .......................... 188

Fe 7. 14 EDS Aa f Sface f Reaca ...................................................... .. 189

Fe 7. 15 SEM f Pee a 94.5 MPa Cac Pee ................................. 190

Fe 7. 16 SEM f Pee a 54.5 MPa Cac Pee ................................. 190

Fe 7. 17 SEM f ee a 13.3 MPa Cac Pee (5000×) ............... 191

Fe 7. 18 XRD Pae f Reaced Sae ........................................................ ........ 192

Fe 7.19 XRD Pae f Reaced Sae a Dffee Te ............................. 193

Fe 7.20 Mae Cdeae a (a) Cdee, (b) We Aaced

Sae Ba, ............................................................................................................ .................... 193

Fe 7. 21 Pa f Qa Tbe Cdee afe Redc Eee

...................................................... ........................................................... ......................................... 194

Fe 7. 22 Ide Wa f Qa Tbe Cdee Ca Cdeae .. 194

Fe 7.23 XRD f Mae Cdeae R II (2 ) ................................... 195

Fe 7.24 XRD f Mae Cdeae R III (3 ). Red e: MO;

Be Le: Ca2SO4 .................................................................................................... .................. 195

Fe 7.25 XRD f Mae Cdeae R IV (4 ): a 05 c (ed:

MO, be: M3CaO.(SO3)4, ee: CaMS2O6) ................................. ............................. 196

Fe 7.26 XRD f Mae Cdeae R IV (4 ): a 612 c (be:

MO, ee: ae cac cae) .............................................................. 196

Fe 7.27 SEM f Mae Cdeae f Wa (1500× Mafca)

...................................................... ........................................................... ......................................... 197


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Fe 7.28 SEM f Dffee M f Mae Cdeae Ceced

f Ce Cdee. (ef: SE ae, : QBSD ae) (1,500×

afca) .................................................... ............................................................ .............197

Fe 7.29 SEM f S Cdeae Ceced f Ide Me Tbe (ef:

SE ae, : QBSD ae) (1,500 × afca) ..............................................197

Fe 7.30 SEM f Dee Cdeae Ceced f Ce Cdee ef:

SE ae, : QBSD ae) (1,500 × afca) ..............................................198

Fe 7.31 Eeea Ma f Mae Cdeae R IV (4 ) ....199

Fe 7.32 Eeea Ma f Mae Cdeae R IV ......................200

Fe 8.1 Sceac f Daa f Eeea Aaa Pdce

Cdeae f Scec Redc f CaOMO .............................................203

Fe 8.2 Teeae Pfe f Se beee 30 ad 58 c a

Reac Teeae f 1140 °C a Ceee ...........................................................204

Fe 8.3 Sceac f Tece Meaee ...............................................210

Fe 8.4 (a) Seaa f M Va Ve Teeae, (b) P f (

S)2/3 T f M Hee Ncea ....................................................................212

Fe 8.5 P f Ncea Rae (/3.) ad Rad f Ce (× 109 ) f M

Hee Ncea ......................................................................................................213

Fe 8.6 Teeae Pfe, Ncea Rae f M, ad Cca Rad f

Nce a e P ........................................................... ..........................................214

Fe 8.7 P f ( S)2/3 f SO Teeae ....................................................215

Fe 8.8 Teeae Pfe, Ncea Rae f SO, ad Cca Rad f

Nce a e P ........................................................... ..........................................216

Fe 8.9 P f S 2/3 f Ca Va 1000/T ....................................................218

Fe 8.10 Teeae Pfe, Ncea Rae f Ca, ad Cca Rad f

Nce a e P ........................................................... ..........................................218

Fe 8.11 P f S 2/3 f Fe Va Teeae.......................................219

Fe 8.12 Teeae Pfe, Ncea Rae f Fe, ad Cca Rad f

Nce a e P ........................................................... ..........................................220

Fe 8.13 Va Pee f Mea198........................................................................222


25/322

Fe A.1 Te CaOMO Pae Daa afe Da 253. Te daed e

e aee e f He ad Wa 254 ...........A1

Fe A.2 FeS Pae Daa (afe Maa ad Oa258)..............A3

Fe A.3 CaOSO2 Pae Daa14..............A4

Fe A.4 Pae Daa f Ca2SO4M2SO4 Se119.............................A5

Fe B.1 FacSae Pa Ve 6.1 ...........B1

Fe B.2 Reaca Me B2

Fe B.3 L f Tedac Daabae . B3

Fe B.4 Eb Me Wd . B4

Fe B.5 Ba Ece Paaee e FCC S Mde B5

Fe B.6 Ba Ece Paaee e HCP S Mde B6

Fe B.7 Ba Ece Paaee e BCC S Mde B6

Fe B.8 I Sece f e Pde Pce Reac . B7

Fe B.9 Dea f Sece Cdeed e Eb caca B7

Fe B.10 S Mde ad Eb Cd B8

Fe B.11 I Sece f e Va Cdea . B10

Fe B.12 S Sece ad Fa Cd f e Va Cdea

...B10

Fe C. 1 Teeae Pfe Meaee a Se P f 1190 C, A a

F Rae f 0.3 L/, ad C Wae Rae f 3 L/ C1

Fe C. 2 Teeae Pfe a Dffee Cdee P .C1

Fe C. 3 Teeae Pfe Meaee a Se P f 1140 C, A a

F Rae f 0.3 L/, ad C Wae Rae f 3 L/ C2

Fe C. 4 Teeae Pfe Meaee a Se P f 1145 C de A

Ga F Rae f 0.3 L/. Te P f Waeced Cdee 30 c

f e ed f be. .C2

Fe C. 5 Teeae Pfe Meaee a SeP Teeae f

1130 C, 1145 C ad 1160 C. Sae de e Tbe Face a 25 c

P. .C3


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Fe C. 6 Te Iea P de Tbe Face a Se P

Teeae f 1130 C, 1145 C ad 1160 C ..C3

Fe C. 7 Teeae Caba beee Se P ad Aca Teeae

..C4


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Tabe 1.1 Oea Cd ad Ie Mae Eaced f e

Scec Pcee ............................................................................................................... 2

Tabe 2.1 Ca f Se Redc f Mae Ode 11 ........................... 6

Tabe 2.2 De ad Caced De C, a % ............................... 7

Tabe 2.3 Sae f Bee Pee ad Eeea Cd Ued

b Pe Iea ...................................................... ................................................... 14

Tabe 2.4 Ie e Mae Pdced f e Maee Pce

Befe ad Afe Ref ( MC2 ad KC f) ce, %59 ............ 32

Tabe 2.5 C f Mae Pce HeeIae Pce64 ......... 34

Tabe 2.6 C f Caced De (Ca.d) ad Redc Ae

(%)67 .......................................................... ........................................................... ....................... 34

Tabe 2. 7 C f Cdeed Mae (%)66 ....................................... 38

Tabe 2.8 Sa C Me Pce (%)66 ............................................... 38

Tabe 2.9 Ceca Aae f Va Fe, Ma e Ce 8 ............................... 39

Tabe 2. 10 Ceca Aae f Cde ad Cea Mae, %8 .................. 40

Tabe 2.11 Pca Pee f Mae48 ........................................................... ... 42

Tabe 2. 12 Pe Mae Secfca ad Mea I Ce 9 ......... 42

Tabe 2. 13 C f Mae A ................................................................ 43

Tabe 5.1 Oea Cd f Scec Pcee ......................................... 92

Tabe 5.2 FacSae204

B Cd Daabae Ued T Sd ............... 93

Tabe 5.3 FacSae204 B S Daabae Ued T Sd ..................... 94

Tabe 5.4 Pbe Sece f Te Pde Pce Se Ga ad

Cdeed Pae ......................................................... ............................................................ .. 96

Tabe 5.5 Pbe Sece f Te Maee ad Me ce Se 100

Tabe 5.6 Pedced Va C f Scec Pce f

Tedac Mde ........ ............................................................... ............................ 104

Tabe 5.7 Ca f Eee C Cacaed f e Pee

Sd, Pe Mde W 73 ad Aca Ceca Aa8, 35, 59 .............. 109


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Tabe 5.8 Ieac Paaee f Sd S Mde ....................................118

Tabe 5.9 Daabae f Meac Se FTe daabae225 ..................................119

Tabe 5.10 Daabae f Se Mea Se SGTE a 2007 daabae .......120

Tabe 5.11 I Daa e Pde Pce Se35 ............................................122

Tabe 5.12 Dea f C ad Pae Pee edced f Mde II

Se ae Cdea (e 100 M) ad M S

Mde f e Meac Pae ...............................................................................................128

Tabe 5.13 Dea f Pae Pee edced f Mde II Se ae

Cdea (e 100 M) Idea S f e Meac Pae ..128

Tabe 5.14 Te Pedced Va Pae e Pde Pce ............................129

Tabe 5.15 Ma f e Va Pae ad Cdeed Pae f Mae

Cdea Mde a Dffee Teeae ( a e 100 e M)

Cacaed Idea S f e Meac Pae .............................................131



Cacaed Rad M S de f e Meac Pae ..........132



Cacaed Rad M S de f e Meac Pae ..........136

Tabe 5.18 Ca f Mae ad Ie Ccea Cacaed

f Pee Sd ad f Ceca Aae a Reac Teeae f

1160 °C ( %) ......................................................................................................................139

Tabe 6.1 Paaee f Eeea W (afe M 34) ...........................145

Tabe 6.2 Mde f Med Pde Reac133 ........................................................147

Tabe 6.3 Paaee f Ncea Mde ...............................................................152

Tabe 6.4 2 f Kec Mde ..............................................................................................152

Tabe 6.5 Cea Ceffce, 2, f Dff Mde .........................................154

Tabe 6.6 Mae Ce a 1300 °C ad 1 H34 ......................................158

Tabe 6.7 Mae Ce a 0.25 L/ A Ga F Rae34 ............158

Tabe 6.8 Ma Tafe Ceffce, , f MA Se a 1300 °C ....................162

Tabe 6.9 Mae Va Pee a 1300 °C a Sface ad B Ga .....162


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Tabe 6.10 Mae Va Pee a 1150 °C a Sface ad B Ga

(A Ga F Rae: 0.25×103 3/) ...................................................................... 163

Tabe 6.11 Mae Va Pee a 1300 °C a Sface ad B Ga

(A Ga F Rae: 0.25×103 3/) ...................................................................... 164

Tabe 7.1 P ad C f Ra Maea ................................................... 176

Tabe 7. 2 Scec Eee Vac Cd .................................. 191

Tabe 7.3 Seaae Aa f Cdeae EDS aa.......... 198

Tabe 8.1 Pee Daa f Sece183, 243, 245, 246 ..... ................................................... 207

Tabe 8.2 Sface ee f Cde Sece .......................................................... 207

Tabe 8.3 Eb Va Pee Ca (a e Ea 8.7) .......... 209

Tabe 8.4 Ma Paa Fac f Va Pedced f Tedac

Mde a 1140 °C FACT53 daabae ............................................................... 211

Tabe 8.5 Sa f * .............................................. ........................................................ .. 221

Tabe 8.6 Sa f Cdea f Va .......................................................... .. 221


30/322

T Pae Iea Lef Ba


31/322

Ia ccea f eacaC Ccea f eaca

C Hea caac

D Dff ( Dff ceffce)

Sefdff ceffce Iedff f ece A ad B

Kde Dff

δ Ieac ac

E A Aca ee

G Gbb ee f e

∆ Gbb ee f eac Sadad Gbb ee f e ce Gbb ee f

Paa Gbb ee ceca ea f ce

φ Gbb ee f dea φ Ece Gbb ee

γ Ac ceffce f ece

γ Hea ac ceffce f ece ∆ Ea f eac∆ e e cae f e ce

σ AB C daee f ece A ad Bε LeadJe ea f ece A ad BΩAB C ea f AB e a dee eeae AB

Ω Ece face e e ece ( ee cea

e)

Ma afe f

J Ncea ae

Rae ca Ma afe ceffce


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B / Ba ca (1.380648×1023 J/K)

Eb ca

φ

Ba eac aaee f ece ad

L Tce f dc ae; caacec e

M Meca a

N A Ma afe ae e d face aea

Ac f ece

P Paa ee f ece

: 3.14159 Ga ca (8.314 J/.K)

Rad

Re Red be ; = L/

ρ De f ece

Seaa/ec Scd Nbe ; = /D

S Sed be; = L/D

σ Sface e

Teeae

Te

Vec

Keac c

% We ece

Ce

C f ece

Faca e c f

Cec e VaeCae de


33/322

1

1

Mae a ea a a a de f 1783 /3, c d

f a ad e f ee. I a a a be f e deabe

ee cd d dc, ecee caab ad ecfc

e1. Te ee a f ae, 158 N/, 17%

e a e ee a f a. Tee aace

ee ae eed a ead ceae e c f ae

e ece ea a ae f 7% e a2. I ed a a a

eee a a, de ca, f ee dea, ad a a

da ceca3. Te a d e ae ceae

e e, dc ad c eace f a a.

Mae e b a ad ee dc

dead ee e ea cde.

Mae dced ceca a eea e: eecc ad

eaec e. Te eecc ce e ae baed e

eec f e ae cde. A be f ce e ae

eeded f ae cde e eecc ea. Hece,

ee e ae ce ad caa ee. Meaec e e a

ea a e edc ae eac ae f caced de a

ea edc ce. I e cec e, c a e Pde

ce, fec edce caced de a a e. Te

dced ae a cdee a a dee ea.

We e Pde Pce ad ee ee, ce a

bece e da ce f dc ae e d,

Ca e 70% f a ae4. T ce e ca ec f

Ca, ee e ab c ae cea ad a aea ae aaabe. Te

dead f ae a aed eeac e ed f

dc ae. Te Maee ce ad bee eaed e a


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2

a e eeae a e Pde ce de ceae

dc. Te Me ce ae cec ce a a

eae a e eeae ad dc. Te deee f

ce dea.

Tabe 1.1 Oea Cd ad Ie Mae Eaced f e

Scec Pcee

C5, 6 7 8

Pee 1367 Pa 0.05 0.1 a 1 a

Teeae (°C) 1100 1200 1550 1600 1700 1750

Pdc ee e da

50 20 e 100 e

(%) 9 7

8

C C

A 0.004 0.01 0.066 0.04

S 0.01 0.05 0.281 0.095

Ca 0.005 N.A. 0.385 0.023

Fe 0.007 0.005 0.25 0.047

M 0.01 0.05 N.A. N.A.

Te dc f e ce a cea e e fd

e ae. Tabe 1.1 e ca e f ae eed

f a cec cee. Te Pde ce ca dce

50 f ae e e e da, e e Maee ce ad e

Me ce dce aae 20 ad 100 e e e e da,

eece. We a e eeae ce ffe e dc, e

ceae ea eeae e e e. Te Pde

ce, c eae beee a eeae f 1100 ad 1200 °C, dce

e e f ae (>99.96 %). Cee, e Me ce

c eae a a eeae beee 1700 ad 1750 °C dce a

f ae (e a 99 % f e cde ae). Te

eed f 9980 Aade ceca ae a f 99.80 %

M, e e c a Ca, A, S, ad Fe ae be 0.05 % eac10.


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3

A e cec eac e a be f eaca dffee ae,

e ca ce acaed ce ce. Te fdaea

edac f e Pde ce a bee eabed6 ad e ae

e ec f e ce ae aaabe. Hee, e a be f

aaee affec e ce ae bee eaed, ee eea

cc e ec f e ce. Te ede e bea f

e ae dced b cec ce a e

ed. I e ce acce, e e ae ea dced

f e cec cee ae eed a eaae ef ea.

T d cceed e fdaea ca ce acaed

e cec cee, cd e bea f e e

ce. T aceed b edac ad ec de, a e

a eeae eee adae e edc. Accd,

d adde e f e:

Wa e effec f aaee c a eeae ad ee e

ce f ae ad e e cded e ae

a?

Wa e c fac e ec f cec ce?,

ad

Wa e db f e e cec cee?

I e f cae, e eae e fdaea f cec

cee ad e edac ad ec f eeae cee

ae eaed. I Cae 2, dffee e f cec cee, c a e

Pde ce, e Maee ce, e Me ce, ad e Ba

ce ae eed, cd e aaabe eae e bac

edac ad ec. I Cae 3, ee caa

edac ad ec de ae decbed.


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4

Baed e eae ee, e eeac e ae defed Cae 4.

Te edac de e ae decbed Cae 5, e e

ec de e ae decbed Cae 6. Te e f eee

ae decbed Cae 7. Cae 8 de aa baed e Caca

Ncea e e cdea bea. Te eea dc

ded Cae 9, e Cae 10 de cc ad

eceda f fe de.

Te f ae ae eed f d:

1. W. Wada, M. A. Rada, G. A. B, ad B. J. Maa:

'Db f Ie Mae Pdc a Scec

Redc', Pceed f e Iaa H Teeae Pce

S, Ha, Vca, Aaa, 09 Feba 2009.

2. W. Wada, M. A. Rada, G. A. B, ad B. J. Maa:

'Db f Ie Mae Pdc a Scec

Redc', Pceed f Eea Meaca Cfeece 2009,

Ibc, Aa, 28 Je 1 J 2009, 2009, GDMB, . 14011417

(efeeed).

3. W. Wada, G. B, M. A. Rada, ad B. J. Maa:

'Tedac Mde f H Teeae Se', Pceed f

e Ceeca 2009 Aa Cfeece, Pe, Wee Aaa, 2730

Seebe 2009, Eee Aaa (efeeed).

4. W. Wada, G. B, M. A. Rada, ad B. J. Maa: 'Mae:

Ce ad Fe Pdc Re', Pceed f 'Eee a e

ede', e 2010 Ceeca Aa Cfeece (Ceeca 2010), Adeade,

S Aaa, Aaa, 2629 Seebe 2010, Eee Aaa

(efeeed).

5. W. Wada, M. A. Rada, G. A. B, ad B. J. Maa: Kec

f Scec Redc f Caced De F A

Aee, Pceed f e 2d Aa H Teeae Pce

S, Ha, Vca, Aaa, 0809 Feba 2010 / GeffeB, M. Aba Rada ad Xad X (ed.), . 7780.


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5

2 F

Scec ce efe a ed f eac ea b edc e

ea de c a a edc ae. T eac edec, a

ee eed ce ad bea d e bd beee ea ad

e e eac. I e cec ce f ae dc,

caced de (CaO.MO) ed fec befe be caed

e e f e edc ce. Te cec eac ca be

eeed a f:

(2. 1)

I cae, a ceee eae ee f e cec cee

eeed. Te a ec f cae ee e ca ce f

e Pde ce, c cde e edac ad ec f

ce. T fed b e dec f a cec cee,

c a e Ba, e Maee ad e Me cee. Te a ec

ee e eee f ae ea f ceca e.

2.1

Tea baed cee dce ae ea f de ae bee

ded b Pde11, 12. Baed Tabe 2.1, c e eac ea

ad e eeca a f eed edc ae f eac eac, c

fd be a ecee edc ae dce ae caed

cac cabde, a ad cab. 113 f fec (80%S)

eed dce a a f ae a 1200 °C caed 120 f CaC2

a 1700 °C13. Reac beee MO ad cab feabe a 1900 °C; ee,

e eac eebe ad f cab ad MO a eeae beee

400 ad 1700 °C. Tea edc f MO CaC2 a bee ad

be caed be eeae a c CaO edced b cab13.

A e effece caed c a e edc ae (55


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6

f a eed dce 1 f ae); ee, e c

f a ae abe f a ceca ce. I add, e

ee eed dce a d add a ee

c acaed ae ce14.

Tabe 2.1 Ca f Se Redc f Mae Ode 11

(°°°°C) E A

Cab 1900 MO() + C() = M() + CO() ∆H = 604.76 J/ M

CacCabde

1700MO() + CaC2() = M() +CaO() + 2C()

∆H = 153.23 J/ M CaC2 = 120 / M (80% CaC2)

A 17003MO() +A() = A2O3() +3M()

∆H = 166.67 J/ M A = 55 / M (90% A)

Sc

12002MO() + S() = SO2() +2M()

∆H = 285.79 J/ M S = 57.5 / M (80% S)

12002CaO() +2MO() +S() =Ca2SO4() + 2M()

∆H = 229.21 J / M S = 113 / M (80% S)

Pde deeed a ce eac ae f caced de

fec (75%S) a e edc ae baed eac Ea

(2.1). Te ce f daa e Fe 2.115. Caced de

(CaO.MO) ed deed fec ad fa a a caa.

Tabe 2.2 a ca ceca c f caced de ed e

Pde ce. A ca caced de caed 38.8 % f MO, 57.5

% f CaO, ad a be f e.

P edc ce, e beed cae aced de a a

NC ee e, c Fe 2.2. Te e eaed a

eeae beee 1100 ad 1200 °C de a ac ee beee 10

76 Pa5. Mae a ee f e bee ad ecae

de a eabe cdee eee. Mae de eed afe e

f bac ce. Tca 20 f ae dced e bac

f 120 f a aea5.


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7

Fe 2.1 Te Pde Pce F Daa15

Tabe 2.2 De ad Caced De C, a %

D C D16

Cd De fHae,Oa17

TeecaCaM(CO3)2

Cd C

MO 21.12 21.86 CaO 57.5

CaO 31.27 30.41 MO 38.8 CO2 47.22 47.73 L.O.I 1.38 SO2 0.12 Ibe 0.48 FeO 0.22 R2O3 0.4 H2O 0.02 M 1.44

C

R e

S

Sae

Ja ce

Ba

Sae

RAW DOLOMITE

Me

Be e

Re

FERROSILICON 75%

CALCINATED DOLOMITE

(a cac )

Mae c e

Rede ae


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8

Fe 2.2 Sceac f Ha Re ad Cdee18

T ce a eea adaae. De, a ad e a e a

aea f ce ae ead aaabe. T ce a eae

ea eae (.e. de ee a aed fce

caed eee), eae (.e. ea ad dc ee

dead) ad ee a a a f caa c caed

eecc cee. F eae, e caa c f e Pde ce a

$3,000/e M e e caa c f Aaa Mae (AM) ce

a eecc e a eaed be $10,000/e M19. I add,

ae a dced b ce a eae . A e

ea eeae, e ce e eaca ae eaced

e b . Te b f cac, c, ad a

eece ae 1482, 2355, 2862 ad 2520 °C20.

Hee, e Pde ce a a e c. Sce ed a

eae a e eeae f eaca cee, e dc f

Pde ce eae . Pdc f ce ab 50 e

e e da, c e a e dc f e Maee ce

(20 e e face e da) ad e Me Pce (100 e e

face e da), a ee Tabe 1.1. Te bac ce ad e e f a

eae a e a e ce ab ee. Te ee

c a , c ab 280 MJ/ M 21. Te ba

a ac f ae dced b e Cee Pde ce

aae 43.30 CO2 e/ M , c 60% e caed e

ba a ac f a22 ad 17 19 e e caed

e ba a ac f ee dc14.


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9

2.1.1

Te eb f eac Ea (2.1) ca be eeed a e f:

(2. 2)

ee K eb ca, P M e a ee f M, ad

ced ace f ece . A a CaO, MO ad Ca2SO4 ae

e cdeed ae, c ae a ac, e eb f

cec eac be a fc f a ee f ae ad

ac f c, a e Ea (2.3).

(2. 3)

Fe 2. 3 Sc Ace () f e FeS Se: a. a 1200 °C,Refeece Sae Sd Sc23, b. a 1500 °C, Refeece Sae Me

Sc24, ad c. a 1600 °C, Refeece Sae Me Sc25

Eaee ad Re 23 eaed e ace f d c f e FeS

a e cec eac e. T c ac a caed

e ac f e c e FeS e a 1500 °C2425 ad

decbed Fe 2.3. Tee ce a a ed a e ce f d


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10

a, ece f e ee ceae ac a e c f

eedae d ae. Te d e c ac a 70, 50 ad 30

ac % S ced e ζae (Fe2S5), e εae (FeS) ad e

aa f e αae (Fe2S)23.

Te eb ca ceae e Gbb ee a e ced

eeae ea:

∆ (2.4)

ee a ca, 8.314 J/.K, eeae ( K), ad K

eb ca.

Sce e eac Ea (2.1) a f e eac Ea (2.5)

(2.7) a e f:

(2. 5)

(2. 6) (2. 7),

e Gbb fee ee f eac Ea (2.1) ca be cacaed be:

(2. 8)


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11

Fe 2. 4 Gbb Ee f Reac26 Cacaed FacSae 6.2

Fe 2.4 e Gbb fee ee f eac f Ea (2.1), (2.5), (2.6)

ad (2.7) f eeae ae beee 1080 1260 °C. Te Gbb ee f

cec eac beee 72 90 J/ a eeae ae.

Pde ad K27 ae eaed e eb a ee f

ae e e CaOMOS e a eac f Ea (2.1)

aa/eae ed. A 1100 °C, e ee f ae a

fd be 1.3 Pa. T a bee cfed b eea fe 23, 28, 29,

cd a Kde ce ece28. T ae fca e

a e e 30 c eed a ae f 0.25 Pa e e MOS

e. Te eeca ae a ee acaed eac

Ea (2.1) baed Kbace ad Acc 31 ad bee fd e d

e a eaed ae27. Se ea16, 23 eced

dceac a baed e cea f edac daa a

fa f a ce cae cd. Hee, e ece

edac daa26 a e cacaed ae a ee

e cec e 1.4 Pa a a eeae f 1100 °C, c

caabe Pde ad K27.


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12

Mae a ea f cec e de e eac

beee caced de ad fec. Tee ae ed aaabe

ee ae a: ac ad a ea f e a abe

aee. Vac a bee ed eee b eeea ad

ceca cae5, 6, 18, 32, 33. Te ecd ed, a ea f e a34, 35,

e abe f c ea. Te a f e a e

ffe e b f cde e ae d, a eed a

ce a e cfa a ae cae ea.

Te e f ac a bee fd e effece ee ae f

e bee caed a ea e a16. A eeea

d e cec eac a aee34 fd a e ea

ed f ae e a e ac. T ed b e

deea f a e aae aca ee f cec

ac35 caed a ea f e a34. Te e f

ae ceced f e ed ae a dffee. Scec

ac dce a dee cdeae e cec ea a

dce a e deed cdeae16.

2.1.2

2.1.2.1

Scec eac e ee d (.e. CaO, MO ad S) dce a

a ad ae d (.e. Ca2SO4). Te ec f eac a bee

bec f ee a be f eeace12, 29, 3237. Te eeea

de f e cec eac ee caed eae.

Pde12 ded e cec eac a abe aee ad a

ac. A abe aee, e e a eaed de de a

aec ee. Te ccbe bea e e e eeae

eaced 1450 1570 °C. I e ac cd, e e a eacaed

13 Pa edc. Te eac ceeded ccef 78 %

ce afe a ea a 1155 °C12.


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13

Seea ea29, 32, 35 de adda dea e effec f

aaee c a eeae, ee, fec, ace e ad e

e ae f cec eac ac cd. T ad Pde 35,

38 ded cec eac b a eeae f 1050 1560 °C,

ad ee beee 0.13 Pa ad 35 Pa. Te e f ae ce

e e a dffee eac eeae ae Fe 2.5. Te

eed a e ae ece ceaed b a fac f 1.55 f a 50 °C

ceae eeae e e ae 1050 1560 °C.

Fe 2. 5 Kec f Scec Reac a Vac Cd f 0.5 H(Afe T ad Pde16, 35)

A a f e ce aaee ad bee ee ed b

e de e Tabe 2.3. Ma 32 ded e edc ae f

e Pde ce e ae f 1100 1200 °C, ad eed a e

e ae ece (92.07 %) a baed a a eeae f

1200 °C ad ee f 13 Pa. He 29 cdced a d a 1000 1180

°C, eed e ace f e caacec f dffee caced de,

ad eed a e ae f ae e f e bee a

a ced b bee eeab ad a b ceca eac.


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14

Tabe 2.3 Sae f Bee Pee ad Eeea Cd Ued b P

F /

B

D

Pde12 44853 µ: 28%


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15

Pde ad Aeade5 eed e deee f Pde Pce

a cae, e Pece 18 eed ceca cae e. Me

ece, Yce 33 ded e dc f ae ea f T

caced de ad fec b e ac cec ed. Te

eac a eaed e a eeae ae f 1100 1300 °C ad

ee f 100 Pa. Te fd a ae ece ceae FeS

add, CaF2 add ad edc e. A ece f 80 96.46 % e

e ae f cd ded a aceed33.

Fe 2.6 e ae ece f cec de ac

cd f a be f ea a dffee edc eeae.

Te ee f e e a beee 0.13 100 Pa, e e edc

e ae f e f a a eeea cae12, 29, 32, 33, 35 e

a a ceca cae18.

Fe 2.6 Mae Rece f e Pde Pce. De e A:e, ad ad accae; De B: b, fabe ad,ccae

Baed Fe 2.6, ee e aecabe ae ece a 1000 °C,

.e. 13 40 %12, 29, 32. A e ceca ea eeae f

cec ce, 1100 1200 °C, ae ece a fd bebeee 75 95 %12, 29, 32, 33, 35.


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16

Te ae f e cec eac a fd f f de ec 16.

Te eea ea eae :

(2. 9)

ee C a ccea f eaca, C fa ccea f eaca,

ad a ae ca. Baed e ec aa cdced b Wc

36, Jade de f dae dff a bee fd eee a

be f eeea daa e Pde ce eac. Te bee

ed f e eac a cdca. Te Jade de ca be e a

f:

(2. 10)

ee 2 a ad f ee, a ae ca, e , ad

ae ce, c baed f e f ee:

(2. 11)

Fe 2.7 Ae P f e Jade Ca (Wc 36)


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17

Te Ae f eeea daa baed Jade de decbed

Fe 2.7. Te aca ee a cacaed f e f Ae

ea:

(2. 12)ee A e eeea ca, E A e aca ee, e a

ca (8.314 J/.K), ad eeae Ke. Te aca ee

f cec eac a fd beee 226.35 ad 238.49 J/. Te

ae e a e eac ced b a d ae dff, a e

dd dff a aca ee ca beee 200 ad 400

J/39.

2.1.2.1.1 Effec f Teeae ad Pee

I a bee eabed a e ae f eac ceae a e cea

eeae a cea Fe 2.5 ad 2.6. F e eac c

e ac cd, ee f e e a a fca effec

e ec f e eac. Se ea12, 32, 35 fd a e ae

ece deceaed ea e e ee f e ceaed

10 Pa, e ed Fe 2.8.

Fe 2.8 Effec f Pee Ce f Mae (afe Pde12 ad

T ad Pde35)


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18

2.1.2.1.2 Effec f Sc Gade

Te effec f c ade5, 23, 32, 35 ae f 15.73 96.7 % S

Fe 2.9. Te e c effcec a dced b Pde ad

Aeade5 c efe e f a:

(2. 13)

Fe 2.9 Effec f Fec Gade Mae Ce

I eea, ae ce ceae e a f e ade

fec. Hee, ee a edc c effcec afe a f

75% S fec. A e ade fec bed 75% S de

e e c effcec. Teefe, aeed a 75% S ade

fec ffce, a e a be a ceffece f ceca

ea. T a bee ed b eae c ed a e

c ac f 75% S ade fec a 90 % S ade

fec23.


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19

2.1.2.1.3 Effec f Sc Sce

Te effec c ce e c effcec ad ae

ce Fe 2.10. Sc ce defed a e

a f c caced de. Te ae 1.0 e cec

a f fec eed f caced de, .e. e e f c

e f caced de. Ma 32 ed a e e ae

ce ceae 86 % a c ce e 2.4, e

c effcec deceaed 30 %. Te a f c a bee fd

be a f c ce ae beee 1.0 ad 1.1032.

Fe 2.10 Effec f Sc (75%FeS) Sce Mae Ce

2.1.2.1.4 Effec f Caa

Aa ad aae ea fde ae bee acceeae e dae

eac de e. T ad Pde35 eaed e effec f CaF2,

BaF2 ad MF2 e eac ae f cec eac b add 2.5 %

caa a e f caced de ad fec. I fd a CaF2

e effece caa, e 58 % ae ce be

aceed e f e e a 1300 °C edc, caed 52 ad

51 % f BaF2 ad MF2, eece35. T caac effec a bee

acced f e fa f a d ae c ceae a fae dff

eda f eaca35.


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20

2.1.2.1.5 Effec f Pace Se ad Db

Te aeae ace e ad ace e db f e eaca ca

dce ceabe effec e ec caacec f cec

eac. Ma 32 beed e ae ece ceaed f 12.42

52.02% e e ace e f fec deceaed f beee 0.211

ad 0.599 ad beee 0.125 ad 0.211 , b e effec ded a

e fec a d 0.089 . I eea, e ae f eac

ceaed a e ace e edced.

2.1.2.1.6 Effec f Be Pee

Te be ee a bee e f a aaee a affec ec

f eac ce affec e cac beee e eaca. Ma 32 fd

e ae ce e ced cea be ee

b ea aa bed 13.7 MPa. Bed 13.7 MPa, e e d

eaca ae bee cac eac, cac b ae

a a eac dc a f e bee e

bee face.

2.1.2.2

Tee ae bee fe de e cec eac de f e

a34, 37, 40, 41. M 34 ded e aaee affec e edc ce

a a eeae ae beee 1150 ad 1300 °C ea a a

f 80 2.5×104

3

/ a a e ade f NC ee. Tece defed a f:

(2. 14)

ee %M = a ccea f M, = a e f ae, %M =

fa ccea f M, = fa e f ae afe edc ce.


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21

Fe 2. 11 Effec f Te ad Teeae Ce f Mae A Aee a 2.5×104 3/ (Afe M 34)

Fe 2.11 e effec f e ad eeae ce f

ae a aee a 25×104 3/. A 1150 °C, e

ae ce eace 55 % afe fe edc e; e 90

% f ce ca be aceed f edc f fe a 1300 °C.

Baa ad Wc

37

ded cec edc de f deaee e eeae ae beee 1070 ad 1250 °C a

e eca ee. Te effec f de ae ae ce

Fe 2.12. Baa ad Wc37 ccded a e ea ae

ee e a ac de eae cd, ad ee ed b

cbed fac: c ceca ae, ea afe, e dff f

ae, a e a a afe ac e bda ae f e ee.


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22

Fe 2.12 Effec f Hde F Rae Mae Ce.Teeae: 1150 °C; ee ad: 9 ; Cac ee: 68 MPa.(afe Baa ad Wc37)

A Fe 2.11 ad 2.12, ee ae fca dffeece

ae ce beee cec edc de a34 ad

de aee37. Ude a aee, 14 % f ae

ce a aceed afe a edc, e de 1000 c3/

de f aee ad a e fae, e ae ce

eace 70 %. T dffeece a be e caed b e f ae f e

a ad e dff dffeece f ae e dffee

aee. Dff f ae de fae a a a.

Te dff f ae a 1×103 2/37, e e dff f

ae de c cacaed e CaaE e

5×104 2/.

2.1.3

Te ede f eac ec ad eac eca f e Pde

ce ac cd eea ded12, 35, e e ede

f eac eca f e Pde ce e f a ed.


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23

I e eac beee MO ad S, M2SO4 fed ead f SO230, 38. T

eac ca be eeeed b:

(2. 15)Te a ee f ae acaed eac (2.15) a 253 Pa

a 1200 °C30. We CaO added e e ( e f f caced

de), e d dc bece Ca2SO4. Ca2SO4 fa faed

ce a a e Gbb ee fa. Te Gbb ee fa f

Ca2SO4 ad M2SO4 ae −1513 ad −1666 J/, eece. Te add f

CaO a eea adaae. F e a f MO a

dce M. I a CaOMOS e, 1 e MO dce 1 e f M

ead f 1 e MO 0.5 Me M e MOS a eac f Ea

(2.15). Secd, ce e Gbb ee f eac e CaOMOS e

e a e MOS e (48 J/ f CaOMOS e ad 174

J/ f MOS e a 1100 °C), e a ee f ae

CaOMOS e fca e a e a ee e MO

S e.

Te eca f cec eac a bee aed b a be f

a. Pde ad K12, 27 aed a e ae f eac eca

cec caed a f d dff beee eaca. I

e eee, e a bee f caced de ad a bee f

c ee aced ce e e, ae aeaed e

cdee. T a ca ae e f c ad cacedde, c e beed e cee eaced a fe 27.

Wc ad Pde28 eaed e e f CaO e CaOMOS

e. I a bee a eac beee CaO ad S cc a 1000 °C30,

c eeeed b e f eac:

(2. 16)∆G1000 C = 41.05 J/e


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24

T, c a edc ae a ee d a ae a Ea

(2.17) ae a a a d ae:

(2. 17)Teefe, e a e ca CaO, MO ad S ece, e a

dffee ce eac c a eac Ea (2.17) ad (2.1)

ae ace.

T ee a e cfed e eece f CaS2 e a

e f MO, CaO ad S a eaed 1150 °C ad ae a

eed ee b ac eae a28. Fe 2.13 e

eece f CaS2 f XRD aa f e eaced bee28. T a

ca e ae a eed b eae ed, ee γ

Ca2SO4 a e da ae e bee a deeced b XRD.

Fe 2.13 Te eece f CaS2 MOCaOS e. C: CaS2, γ : γ Ca2SO4 (afe Wc ad Pde28)

Wc42 eed a e eac eca f e Pde ce a

aed b a a eac c cc beee CaO ad S. Te d a

ead e e face f e de ace db e c e a. Secd, a eac dce ae a


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25

cc beee e d a ad MO ad CaO. Te f Ca2SO4 ae

ace beee MO ad CaO. Mae a ee f e d ae ad

dffe e e f e bee e b a ae. Te fd

f Wc42 a ed b M 34 c a fd a dfed

d a de a a eaced bee.

I eea, e ea aeed a e eac eca f e Pde

ce eac ac cd ced b e d dff e

eaca. I add, ea afe a cbe a e fac f

e Pde ce eac. Wc 36 deed e cec

eac f a e bee b c ea afe ea ad eac

ae a decbed Fe 2.14. I a a ee ae ae ada

eeae ade e bee eac fee a ac face.

Fe 2.14 Pedced Ce Pfe f Tca Eeea Cd.

Rad: 1.0 c, Teeae: 1177 °C, = 418 J/K36


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26

Fe 2.15 Effec f Pee Rad e Ce Pfe ad Teeae

Db e Bee, Pedced b e Mde. Teeae: 1177°C, = 418 J/K, Te: 60 36

Fe 2.15 a a ee ae ada ce ad eeae

fe e bee a dffee ada . Sce ee a

ade e eeae ad ce fe, Wc 36

ccded a e cdc bee ad e c eac ae

ad e eac.

Te aaabe eae ab e eac eca fced a

cc de e bee. We e ae f eff f ae f e

face f bee fe aed be ad a ac cd36,

e cae e ea e a cd. Baa ad Wc37

aaed e e f af a afe f ae a f e

bee face e b a d cec edc f caced

de a ea de a, e f ea:

(2. 18)

ee a afe ceffce, c a edced f Ra ad

Maa cea43, P B ad P ae e a ee f a b ea

ad face, eece.


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27

Fe 2.16 Cacaed Mae Pee e Bee Sface ad B

Ga37

Fe 2.16 e cacaed ae a ee e face f

bee ad e b de a. Tee caca a ee

fca eace e af a afe f ae a,

eeca a e be f e eac.

2.2 B A be f dfca f e Pde ce cde a f eca

e 44 ad ea eaed e. Te ae caed e Ba

ce, c a e Pde ce e f fec

a eac ae f caced de. I e Ba ce,

c decbed ceaca Fe 2.17, e bee ae caed

a ea eaed ad bced cdca eac.

T ce a deeed Ba, Ia b I L

M (SAIM)45, 46 ad eaed b Baa (Ma, Ga, Ba). Bea

45 aeed e ce f eac ae b ce, e e

eac face a aeed b Rae 46. Te e ed

caced de ad fec bee (d) ae aded ad aced a

cae e (e) eecca ea cdc (f). Te ec

ced ad ac a a cdee f e ae a eeaed e

face47.


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28

Fe 2. 17 Ba Reac48

Te ce eae a a eeae f 1200 °C ad ee e a 400

Pa48. Mae a ee f e bee ad cdee a e e

a f a aeced cdee a a eeae beee 400 ad 500 °C.

Eac eac a a dc caac f e f ae e 2024

eac cce, a d e f 0.5 0.75 e cce. Afe

e ce d, e eac eed a e fae ad e ea

eed. I eed a ae 99.9 99.99% f ca be

baed48. Te cede f cae ad ad a ea dffc

ce. Hee, ee e fa ab e ca ce f

ce e eae.

Te ba a ea (GWP) f ce a cacaed be 13.80

CO2/ M , c aae ab a d f e Pde

ce GWP49. Te a ea f c de e e e fac a

e Ba ce e a eecceaed eac, ee e a 80% f

e a ed eecc ce f de e e Pde ce

ee a effce cafed eac49.


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29

2.3

2.3.1 D

Te deee f e Maee ce be Face 19487. Te

ceca dc a bee eabed f e 1960 199050. A

e ee e, e eaa a e Maee ce

e Bea Sea (Seba) ae a 51. T ce dffe f e

Pde ce a be f a52: 1) e edc ce caed

a e a ba, ad 2) aa/bae ed dce cacc

aae a, ad e ae a dced cdeed d

ae, befe fe ceed e ef ea. Te a

aea f e Maee ce ae caced de, fec ad

bae7. Te Maee ce, a ceaca aed Fe 2.18,

e a cec edc f MO f e caced de (CaO.MO)

a e a ba.

Fe 2.18 Te Sceac f Maee Pce53


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30

Te ea eac a be e a f:

(2. 19)

Te caced de, fec ad aa de e a ae

befe e cec eac cc. Te ce eaed a a

eeae f 1550 °C ad ee f 5 Pa a eecc ac face. Te a

c aaed a 55 % f CaO, 25 % f SO2, 14 % f A2O3

ad 6 % f MO. A ae daa f e CaOSO2A2O3MO e e

Fe 2.19. Te a c e e dcac cae aea ce

e ecae bde.

A fed cec edc e Maee ce ca be e

a f:

(2. 20)Te edac f ce a bee decbed b C54 ad

Cae 55. Te e feae f e Maee ce ce

dee a ca ac e e a ad aa e c f

e a e dcac cae ad ecae aebda e

aea CaOA2O3SO2MO e54. Te e ae de e

a f aaed; eefe, e ac f MO . A a aa

SEM, XRD ad DTATG51 ed a e MO ce e a e ae

f 7.02 8.82 % γ Ca2SO4 a e da ae.

Tee ae fe ec de e fdaea aec f edc f MO

e e a. M f e de e a dec7, 52, 5659 f e

ce ec f e Maee ce. C54 ed a e

eac beee MO e a ad FeS cc e e ae ae

cac: a e cac beee fecaed FeS ad e a; ad

beee e face f eda FeS ad e e a a e b f e

face. A eeea d e ec f MO edc b fe


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31

a a e MOA2O3CaO a60 a fd a e a

a e a/ea efaca aea ced e ea eac.

Fe 2.19 Te Pae Daa f CaOMOSO2A2O3 Se a 10%A2O3(Teeae K)61. Te Ge Aea e Maee OeaCd

Te ac cd e eac e e eaa be. Te

e f a d a a a eed cae e f 20% f e

dc de e fa f MO ad M3N2 e cdee55.

Mae a a caed b e cabec edc f MO e

eac ad eecde c f cab de, accd e

f eac:

(2. 21)Te dec f eac Ea (2.21) eee a a e eeae.

Hece, a e eeae f e cdee, e cab de a

ede e ae a ad f ae de.


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32

2.3.2

Mae a dced f e Maee ce eac

cdeed e efed ae ce. Tabe 2.4 e e

e ae befe ad afe ef ce a eed b Ba59.

Te e e ae ae f:

1. Pacae ae caed b ae a, e.. MO ad CaO;

2. Pca ad ceca eac beee ece de e eac; ad

3. Vaa f aed aea, c a M, Z, Pb, ad N.

Te dea f e ef ce ae a f59. A f ca 45% f

MC2 ad 55% f KC added ad ed e e ea. A e ed f

e ef ce, e f aed ee befe e ae

aed ad caed. Te ceca eac e ef ca be e a:

(2. 22)I add ee Ca, e f a cae de c ad f a

de f ea cde8. Te ef acce ca dce a ae

a adad c a eed b ASTM B92. Hee, e

ef ae ea a e dc c ad e ae ea ed.

Tee ab 58% ae e ef ae59.

Tabe 2.4 Ie e Mae Pdced f e Maee PceBefe ad Afe Ref ( MC2 ad KC f) ce, %59

B A

Cac 0.77 1.05 0.005Sc 0.11 0.16 0.063 0.11

A 0.037 0.088 < 0.05


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33

2.3.3

I e d f 1980, e a aea e Maee ce a dfed

b add a ad a add fec a eedc ae 62. T cce a e aec e, c

edce ae de a a a edc ae. T e a

f ded b Ge 63, c eaed e eb a

ee f ae e e MOA e b ea f aa a

e eeae ae beee 870 ad 1141°C. Te a ee f

ae e MOA e a fd be e a e MOS

e, c 19.73 Pa caed 2.49 Pa a a eeae f 1150 °C.Te deee f ce a bee ed b e e ce f

a caed ae. L ade ad ecced a ae

bee eed a be edc ae 62, b e aaab eabe

f e ceca cae dc.

Te dfed Maee ce cdced a a eeae (1550

°C) ad a ee (10 Pa)62

. I e a Maee ce, aa added e e d eeae f e a. A dfca a

caed eace aa aa ba, a ,

a (e f AA2O3). C ad Baa62 fd a e

ce f ae dced b a a edc ae

a bee caed e ae ece f a a Maee

ea.

Ae aa f dfed aec e HeeIae Pce64.

Te aec edc f ae de, e f f caced

de aea, eed a ea aec ee a ea

aa ac face ca a a e edc ae. Wade 64

cdced a 10 / e f ce. Mae de, a

eaca, ad cac de ee fed a aa ac face 180

e a ea aec ee ad a eeae beee 1500 ad

1600 °C dce ae a a ae 2.5 e .


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34

Tabe 2.5 e ca c f ae a dced a e

HeeIae ce. W e be dda a dce 99.06 %

f e ae, e aeae f e dc a e f

e Maee ce.

Tabe 2.5 C f Mae Pce HeeIae Pce64

E A , % B , %

M 97.4 99.06

Ca 1.28 0.46

A 0.68


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35

MO baed b cac aee a e a a eeae f

1720 °C, e caced de baed b cac de e a

a a 1650 °C. Te edc ae ed ce ae

fec ad a. Fec ad a edce ae

de a cec ad aec eac, eece. Tee

edc ae ae ded dffee ae ad ad a ace ae

e beee 3 ad 25 .

Te a eac e Me ce ae a f71:

(2. 23) (2. 24)

Fe 2.20 Pae Daa f CaOMOA2O3SO2 Se a 10 %A2O3(Teeae K)61. Te bac aea e Me Oea Cd


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36

Mae a eeaed a eaed eac e c c f

acae a f d eaca fed c c eac e.

Te eac e eaed b ea aa. Te aed ae

cdee a cdee d f. Te a ee e e, c

c f aa ee f a aa ad e ae a, e

a ea aec ee. Te aa ee f ae e

ae beee 0.3 ad 0.5 a67.

Bede e ea cd, e dffeece beee e Me ad e

Maee cee e e a ce. Te Me ce a a

e d eeae caed e Maee ce. A

aed Fe 2.20, e a c f e Me ce (bac

aea) a a d eeae f 1700 °C. We MO edced

fec ad caed a aec ee, e eac edced

b edac cc a eeae abe 1950 °C. Baca 66

eed a b add bae, e d eeae f e a ca be

eed beee 1700 ad 1750 °C, e face ea eeae

ca be edced a e. I a cae a, Abdeaf 70 eed a e

eeae ae f e e ca aded be e ae f 1600 1700

°C bae add70.

We ee ae a be f ae f Me a ea e ce

dec, ee a a cae67 a a cae69, 70, ee

fdaea edac ec d f ce e

eae. A d baed a edac a f e Me ce

PS (e ececa fae ed b Me) a

caed deee e eeca ea cd ad a

c e Me ce69. Hee, ee bed ace

ea e dea f e e edac f e Me Pce.

Cae 55, 72 aaed e Maee ce ded e

ca ad ceca dea e cec eac e a c a

e Me ce.


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37

Fe 2.21 La f e MTMP P Pa 70

A ceac a f e Me Pce a a cae decbed Fe 2.21. Te caced de eaed a eecca eaed a a

eeae beee 1000 ad 1100 °C. Te feed ae ae beee 250 ad

400 /. Te eaed caced de ceced efaced afe

b ad e dcaed e face feed e. Te aeae feed ae

ab 525 / (10.7% FeS, 5.5% A, e eade be caced de)

ad e feed da ab 2.5 , a bac e f 1300 . Te a

a caed b d a ae a aeae eeae f1650 °C. Te bac ed ab 2.5 3.0 70.

Mae cdea ae ace e eb cae ad de

ccbe. A e ed ceae a cea e a de e ae

a f e ac face. Te eeae de e cdee e

ae beee 680 ad 720 °C70.


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38

Baca 66 eaed e f a cae e f ae dc a

ea aec ee. Te caed a e dced ae a a

f 99.80 %. Te ca c f eac eee e

ae ea baed Tabe 2.7, e e eed

a c eeed Tabe 2.8. I e e 1, e ae

dced ca 0.1 % f Ca, 0.03 % f S, 0.01 % f A, 0.01 % f

Fe ad 0.02 % f M. Te a c ca 6.3 8.5 % f MO,

47.7 56.2 % f CaO, 22.3 31.9 % f SO2 ad 10.8 12.7 % f A2O3.

T c caabe e Maee a c.

Abdeaf 69

aed a e Me ce a eea adaae caed e Pde ad e Maee ce. Te ea f ae

e e ae eaed becae e ea caed a

aec ee. Cdea a d ae edce e ee

eee e cea ad ef ea, a e ee f e

cde ae be bee eed69. Hee, cde a d

ae a e a e cde face eed be aaed a

eae eeae (eae a 650 °C)69

ad ee a aecde aea.

Tabe 2. 7 C f Cdeed Mae (%)66

C A F

1 99.81 0.10 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02

2 99.84 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03

3 99.80 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04

4 99.80 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Tabe 2.8 Sa C Me Pce (%)66

C 2 A23

1 7.9 53.3 23.3 12.7

2 8.5 52.5 24.6 10.9

3 4.7 56.2 22.3 12.9

4 6.3 47.7 31.9 10.8


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39

2.4.2

Mae dced f e Me ce ee a ef ea

de ee e e cdeed ea. Te e aeaed f e acae ae e feed ea e a ea ad

ee de e cdee ad f ca ad ceca eac beee

e eecc ac ad e face ba73.

Tabe 2.9 Ceca Aae f Va Fe, Ma e Ce 8

C 130 F F C

M 9.69 NA NAA 0.08 0.44 0.12

S 0.37 0.215 0.94

Ca 2.13 48.45 0.019

Fe 0.20 0.236 0.03

C 56.15 0.0144 47.55

Na NA 0.01 0.01

K 27.10 0.011 50.90

F 1.95 51.29 NA

Te cde ae dced b MTMP efed ae8. I e f

e, cde ea eed ad M130 f added e e. M130 f a

MC2KC f c a c ed Tabe 2.9. M130 f cae

e de ad de c f M, A, Ca, ad S, ad f a c cde

de c ee a e b f e ef ccbe8. Cac

eed b f eac:

(2. 25)M130 F beeed be effece e e ad c

ae ea8; eefe, eea cdc fe ef e

ecd ae.

Te bee ef e e f M130 f ad FeC3. T ae

caed beee eeae 715 ad 760 °C. Fec cde ed cae c e e ae ea ad ce a


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40

FeS a8. Te ef eac ee S e e ae

ea ca be e a f:

(2. 26)T ef edc e c ce f e ea, b a

e eac e c a Fe, M, C, N, ad A. Tabe 2.10 e

ceca aa f e cde ad e efed ae. Te ef

ea a caed edce e e ce e ae, c

a A, S, Ca ad Fe be e a 0.01 %8.

Tabe 2. 10 Ceca Aae f Cde ad Cea Mae, %8

E A B92

G 9980AC

C

A. . .

A 0.05 a 0.066 0.040 0.253 0.003

S 0.05 a 0.281 0.095 0.500 0.014

Ca 0.05 a 0.385 0.023 0.102 0.005

Fe 0.05 a 0.250 0.047 0.100 0.002

2.4.3

Baca 74 eaed e ea beef f e Me Pce. Te

ecc aa f e Me ce a caed e Maee ad

e eecc ce. Seea adaae f e Me ce ae:

1. Le caa ee caed eecc ce. Te eaed

caa c f e Me ce $US 5000/ aa e ae75

(daa e 2006), e e eaed c f e eecc a $US

8000/aa e ae76 (daa e 2004).

2. Te eae f a aea e caed e caed e

eecc ce. Te a aea eaa f e Me ce

cde caca f de, e e feed eaa f e

eecc ce a ce a be f e ee a

ae cde a e feed f eecc ea.


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41

Te Me Pce a ea fe f ae dc. I 2004,

Ga Rece Ld. c d a de e a Id,

Maba, Caada cdced a ea d dce ae

Me Pce77. Te deee f ce ead e GaZa

ce, c eae a eeae e a 1550

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