Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
This research examined the impact from physical design of BRT on a highway corridor. BRT’s exclusive lane greatly reduces the available road space for remaining mixed lane. This impact on car traffic can be modeled where limited road space reduces mobility. When travelling time increases, certain percentage of vehicle traffic will disappear when road space is no longer available (Goodwin et al 1998). The potential reduction of traffic can reach as high as 40%. While reduction of Carbon Monoxide can reach an average of 31%. This research concluded that BRT system can help improve modal split, alleviate congestion and bring added value to the environment.
Citation preview
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION
Modeling Impact of Bus Rapid Transit on Air Quality : A Case
Study of Klang Valley, Malaysia
MSc Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation MSc Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation for Environmental Modeling and Management (GEM), for Environmental Modeling and Management (GEM),
International Institute for Geo-Information Science and International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC)Earth Observation (ITC)
6 March 20086 March 2008Shamsul Ridzuan IdrisShamsul Ridzuan Idris
2
Introduction Statement of problem Research objective Methodology Analysis Interpreting Results
List of Content
3
Speed of urbanization in selected countries
Introduction
Adapted from Morichi (2005)
4
Problem associated with rapid urban development high level of motorization better income leads to high car
ownership limited land space for road
Introduction
5
Why select Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in this study area? rapid economic development increase in population, housing and economic
activities – increase in mobility improved bus service but slow public acceptancedeclining public modal split
How can it be a benefit to scientific community? little is known whether BRT can bring beneficial
impact to environment while reducing traffic congestion
Introduction
6
Different Types of BRT
Introduction
7
Introduction
8
Urbanization Pattern in the Klang Valley from 1988-1999
Introduction
9
Introduction
Transportation Network in the Klang Valley
10
most of roads are at full capacity
over reliance on private vehicles
declining public modal split
Statement of Problems
11
The main objective is to model the potential impact of bus rapid transit on air quality
To establish mutual impact of BRT routing on planning and accessibility
To examine the possible impact of BRT to traffic on the corridor
To examine the possible impact of BRT to vehicle emission
To relate the benefit and cost of BRT system to environment
Research Objectives
12
Methodology
TransportationAdministrativeLand Use
GIS Analysis(A)
Car Traffic Modeling
(B)
Emission Mapping
(C)
GIS Database
Literature Review
Assessment of public transportation service
Problem Identification
13
Identify suitable corridor Justify selected corridor
Traffic volumeNumber of car trips
Buffer Accessibility Proximity
Analysis : Suitability and Accessibility
Collection of Suitable Sites for Transit Zone in Klang Valley – Kabir, 2004
14
15
1. Federal Highway
2. West Port Access (South West of Klang Valley)
3. Jalan Cheras - Kajang (South East of Klang Valley)
4. Jalan Sungai Buloh/Middle Ring Road Phase II
5. Middle Ring Road Phase I (within Federal Territory)
6. Jalan Damansara
Analysis : Suitable Corridor for BRT
16
Historical Data
Projection
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
YEAR
TR
AF
FIC
VO
LU
ME
BR101
BR807
BR806
BR805
Analysis : Annual Traffic Volume on Selected Station for BRT Corridor
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
Traffic Station
Car
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
2005
2007
2010
17
Analysis : Car Traffic Modeling in Klang Valley
Klang District
Petaling District (include major city of Shah Alam, Subang Jaya and Petaling Jaya)
Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory
Origin and Destination Car Trips for district of Klang, Petaling and Kuala Lumpur in 2010
18
41%
13%13%
10%
9%
7%7%
RESIDENTIAL
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRY
OTHERS
INSTITUTIONAL
RECREATIONAL
COMMERCIAL
Analysis : Landuse within Five Kilometer of BRT Corridor
Accessibility of Service Area within five kilometer from BRT Station
19
Accessibility Analysis : Service Area
Proximity to Bus Stop within Walking Distance
20
Accessibility Analysis : Proximity to Bus Stop
21
Car Traffic Modeling vs. Actual Car Traffic Volume for 2005
Analysis : Validation of Car Traffic Volume on Selected Station
R2 coefficient determination of 0.8233
22
Analysis : Impact to traffic
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
BR101
BR102
BR105
BR106
BR109
BR111
BR802
BR803
BR804
BR805
BR806
BR807
BR813
WR10
5
WR10
6
Traffic Count Station
Car
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
No BRT
With BRT
(33.5%)
(23.4%)
(40.4%)
Comparison of Car Traffic Volume at Selected Traffic Station in 2010
Projection of Total Car Traffic Volume in Klang Valley
2005 – 3,923,916 car trips
2007 - 4,079,176 car trips
2010 – 4,312,059 car trips
23
Result of Car Traffic in 2010 for Klang Valley
24
Result of Car Traffic on BRT Corridor
25
Analysis : Impact to traffic
Projection of Impact to Car Traffic Volume on BRT Corridor in 2010
(33.5%)(23.4%
)
(40.4%)
26
Car Traffic Modeling
Raster Map of line source Raster Map of CO emission
Map of line sources with car
traffic volumeCO emission factors
CO emission map with BRT
CO emission map without BRT
Comparison of CO emission map with and without BRT system
Emission Mapping(C)
Total Car Trips (D)
Vehicle emission database
Amount of CO emission
CO emission factor
Analysis : Impact to vehicle emission
27
Analysis : Impact to vehicle emission
Result from Reduction of CO Emission with BRT System in 2010
28
Benefit Cost Ratio of Corridor Segments
Analysis
0.0000
0.0500
0.1000
0.1500
0.2000
A B C D E F G H
Corridor Segment
Ben
efit/
Cos
t Rat
io
Value added to air quality increases till ‘E’ and decreases afterward
After ‘H” there is no longer benefit being added to air quality
29
“Traffic Evaporation” (Goodwin et al. 1998) of up to 40% on BRT corridor
Reduction on average of 31% of Carbon Monoxide emission
Interpretation of Results
BRT system may bring positive impact to air quality, by reducing traffic and CO emission from private cars on the selected corridorBRT system may also shift the impact of air quality and car traffic to road outside the corridor
31
Comparison of Car Traffic in 2010
32
Need for an updated geodatabase
33
Rail Based Public Transportation Service
Service Name Operation start
Length (Km) Number of Stations
Passenger/day
KTM – Komuter 1995 157 40 120000
STAR 1998 27 25 100000
PUTRA 1999 29 24 120000
Monorail 2003 10 11 1000*
ERL 2002 57 4 6500
Source: Ministry of Transportation, Malaysia
