Model Land Capability Assessment Report

8/9/2019 Model Land Capability Assessment Report

1/41

Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy

Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Hfm}vk}y =778


2/41

Jdwy}o`cu LKX kne EZF Hfm}vk}y =778

Ucoz edjvlfnu pkz efxfidwfe kz wk}u dh ucf Xojud}okn @dxf}nlfnuz Jdvnu}y Udpnz Pkuf}

Zvwwiy kne Zfpf}k`f W}d`}kl. Ou ckz mffn w}fwk}fe on kjjd}eknjf pouc FWK Xojud}okz Zfwuoj

Uknb Jdef dh W}kjuojf kne Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu hd} Dnzouf Edlfzuoj Pkzufpkuf}

Lknk`flfnu) kne ucf Kvzu}kiokn Nfp Qfkikne Zuknek}e ;6501=777 Dn,zouf Edlfzuoj

Pkzufpkuf} Lknk`flfnu.

Oh ucf}f oz kny zoloik}ouy ud kny }fki wf}zdn) jdlwkny) d} zouf jdnukonfe on ucoz edjvlfnu)

ou oz vnonufnefe kne edfz ndu olwiojkuf ucfl d} ou on kny pky on uf}lz dh onxdixflfnu pouc

ucoz w}dafju.

Kjbndpife`flfnuz

Ucoz edjvlfnu ckz mffn w}fwk}fe my Pcoufcfke kne Kzzdjokufz Fnxo}dnlfnuki Jdnzviuknuz

Wuy Iue kz wk}u dh ucf Zukuf @dxf}nlfnuz Jdvnu}y Udpnz Pkuf} Zvwwiy kne Zfpf}k`f W}d`}kl

Onouokuoxf

Ucf kzzozuknjf dh ucf LKX IJK ]fhf}fnjf @}dvw pkz }fkuiy kww}fjokufe on ucf efxfidwlfnu

dh ucoz edjvlfnu kne ucf LKX pdvie iobf ud ucknb ucf @}dvw lflmf}z1

L} Nfe Mfzik`oj) Mkiik}ku Jouy Jdvnjoi

L} Mdm Hd}e) Jfnu}ki Co`ciknez Pkuf}

Lz Kzu}oe Ck}udnd) FWK

Lz Nonk Bfkuc) Jifk}pkuf}

L} M}vjf Wdiik}e) @knnkpk}}k Zco}f Jdvnjoi

L} Bfouc ]fynk}e) EWO

L} ]dmf}u xkn ef @}kkhh) xkn ef @}kkhh kne Kzzdjokufz

L} Ik}}y Pcouf) Lfimdv}nf Vnoxf}zouy

L} Jdi Poibof) Zdvucf}n ]v}ki Pkuf}

Eozjikolf}

Ucf xofpz fsw}fzzfe on ucoz wkwf} ed ndu nfjfzzk}oiy }fw}fzfnu ucf xofpz dh ucf Xojud}okn

Zukuf @dxf}nlfnu.


3/41

; Onu}devjuodn :

= Pcfn oz k IJK }f{vo}fe4 5

: Jdnzviukuodn pouc IJK Kzzfzzd}z 6

5 IJK hd} Wiknnon` Zjcflf Klfnelfnuz kne Zvmeoxozodnz 8

6 Ucf Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu 3

6.; Onu}devjuodn ?

6.= Efzj}owuodn dh ucf Efxfidwlfnu ?

6.: Zouf Bfy Hfkuv}fz ;7

6.5 Zdoi Kzzfzzlfnu kne Jdnzu}konuz ;:

6.5.; Wvmiozcfe Zdoiz Onhd}lkuodn ;:

6.5.= Zdoi Zv}xfy kne Knkiyzoz ;:

6.6 Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu Lku}os ;8

6.8 Ucf Lknk`flfnu W}d`}kl ;0

6.8.; U}fkulfnu Zyzufl ;0

6.8.= Ikne Kwwiojkuodn ;3

6.8.: Zoqon` ucf O}}o`kuodn Zyzufl ;3

6.8.5 Zouon` kne Jdn`v}kuodn dh ucf Ikne Kwwiojkuodn K}fk ;?

6.8.6 O}}o`kuodn Zyzufl Efzj}owuodn ;?

6.8.8 Mvhhf} Eozuknjfz =7

6.0 Ldnoud}on`) Dwf}kuodn kne Lkonufnknjf =7

6.3 Zud}lpkuf} Lknk`flfnu =;

6.? Jdnjivzodnz =;

8 ]fhf}fnjfz kne Kwwfneojfz ==

0 Fswiknkud}y Ndufz ud ucf IJK =8

3 ]fhf}fnjfz :?

Iozu dh ukmifzUkmif ; Keeouodnki Jdnzoef}kuodnz hd} Lviuowif Idu IJKz 0

Ukmif = Zouf Efzj}owuodn ?

Ukmif : Zouf Hfkuv}fz ;=

Ukmif 5 Zdoi Hfkuv}fz1 M}dpn Zdedzdi ;5

Ukmif 6 Zdoi Hfkuv}fz Mikjb Ef}ldzdi ;6

Ukmif 8 Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu Lku}os ;8

Ukmif 0 Zouf Hfkuv}fz kne ucfo} }fifxknjf ud Dn,zouf Pkzufpkuf} =0

Ukmif 3 Zouf Bfy Hfkuv}fz Fswikonfe =3

Ukmif ? Fswiknkuodn dh Zdoi Hfkuv}fz :7

Ukmif ;7 Zdoi Wf}lfkmoiouy Jkuf`d}ofz kne Oneojkuoxf Wf}lfkmoiouy :;

Ukmif ;; Keeouodnki Zdoi Wk}klfuf}z hd} vzf on IJK :=

Ukmif ;= Dn,zouf Pkzufpkuf} Zyzufl Dwuodnz ::

Ukmif dh jdnufnuz


4/41

: Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Ucf Lvnojowki Kzzdjokuodn dh Xojud}ok #LKX/) kz wk}u dh ouz onxdixflfnu on ucf Zukuf

@dxf}nlfnuz Jdvnu}y Udpnz Pkuf} Zvwwiy kne Zfpf}k`f W}d`}kl) oefnuofe k nffe

poucon idjki `dxf}nlfnu hd} kn onj}fkzfe vnef}zukneon` dh ikne jkwkmoiouy

kzzfzzlfnu. Ucoz Ldefi ]fwd}u oz dnf dh uc}ff uddiz efxfidwfe on k jkwkjouy mvoieon`

w}dafju ud kzzozu idjki `dxf}nlfnu kne kzzdjokufe zukbfcdief}z ud vnef}zukne) j}ouo{vf

kne kzzfzz ikne jkwkmoiouy kzzfzzlfnu #IJK/ }fwd}uz.

Ucoz }fwd}u ckz mffn p}ouufn ud jdlwiy pouc kii }fifxknu kne jv}}fnu Xojud}okn

if`ozikuodn) `voefionfz) jdefz kne zuknek}ez) onjiveon` Fnxo}dnlfnu W}dufjuodn

Kvucd}ouy #FWK/ Xojud}ok Wvmiojkuodn 058.; Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu hd} DnzoufEdlfzuoj Pkzufpkuf} Lknk`flfnu) #=77:k/ kne FWK Wvmiojkuodn 3?; Zfwuoj Uknbz

Jdef dh W}kjuojf#FWK) =77:m/ kne Kvzu}kiokn$Nfp Qfkikne Zuknek}e KZ$NQ

;6501=777 Dn,zouf edlfzuoj pkzufpkuf} lknk`flfnu.

Ou zcdvie mf ndufe ucku ucoz Ldefi IJK ]fwd}u kne kjjdlwknyon` fswiknkud}y ndufz oz

ndu kn FWK wvmiojkuodn kne edfz ndu }fwikjf d} zvwf}zfef kny dh ucf fsozuon`

Xojud}okn if`kiozkuodn) `voefionfz) jdefz d} zuknek}ez. Ou oz hd} vzf my idjki `dxf}nlfnu

dhjf}z kz kn keeouodnki zdv}jf dh onhd}lkuodn kne zcdvie mf }fke on jdnavnjuodn pouc

ucf edjvlfnuz lfnuodnfe kmdxf.

Ucf Ldefi IJK #Jckwuf} 6/ jdnukonfe on ucoz edjvlfnu oz juodnki) vzon` zdlf }fki

kne zdlf jdnu}oxfe ekuk hd} k zouf pcf}f dn,zouf zfpk`f lknk`flfnu oz w}dwdzfe.

Ucf jkzf zuvey zouf ckz k }kn`f dh zouf jdneouodnz ud kiidp k}fkz dh jdnzu}konu knedwwd}uvnouy ud mf w}fzfnufe kne fxkivkufe kne k u}fkulfnu kne ikne kwwiojkuodn

zyzufl ud mf }fjdllfnefe mkzfe dn ucoz fxkivkuodn. Ou oz olwd}uknu ud nduf ucku ucoz

ldefi IJK oz ud mf }fke kz k jkzf zuvey) kne ucku ou oz ndu jdlw}fcfnzoxf d}

}fw}fzfnukuoxf hd} kii Xojud}okn zouvkuodnz. Kz dvuionfe on ucf FWK Wvmiojkuodn 058

#=77:k/) fkjc idjki k}fk oz eohhf}fnu kne lfucdedid`y) bfy iolouon` hkjud}z kne co`c

}ozb k}fkz poii xk}y mfupffn) kne poucon) jdvnjoiz.

Ucf Ldefi IJK zcdvie mf }fke on jdnavnjuodn pouc ucf fswiknkud}y ndufz hd} fkjc

zfjuodn w}dxoefe on Jckwuf} 0. Ucfzf ndufz w}dxoef mkjb`}dvne onhd}lkuodn) zvjc kz

pcy kne pcfn k wk}klfuf} oz jdnzoef}fe) kne cdp ud lfkzv}f kne onuf}w}fu }fzviuz

hd} k wk}uojvik} wk}klfuf}.

Ucf Jdllvnouy Onhd}lkuodn Zcffu Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnukne Idjki@dxf}nlfnu Kzzfzzlfnu Jcfjbiozu1 IJK ]fwd}uz hd} Dn,zouf Pkzufpkuf} Lknk`flfnu

ckxf mffn efxfidwfe ud jdlwiolfnu ucoz Ldefi ]fwd}u.

Onu}devjuodn Jckwuf} ;


5/41

K IJK oz }f{vo}fe hd} kii w}dwdzfe vnzfpf}fe efxfidwlfnuz) w}od} ud ucf efxfidwlfnu

w}djffeon` #FWK) =77:k/. Ucf uolon` dh ucf kzzfzzlfnu lky xk}y) hd} onzuknjf ku

}fqdnon` d} zvmeoxozodn zuk`f) d} ku oneoxoevki idu efxfidwlfnu zuk`f. Ucf wv}wdzf dh

ucf IJK oz ud1

Kzzfzz ucf jkwkmoiouy dh k zouf ud zvzukonkmiy lknk`f pkzufpkuf} poucon kiidulfnu

mdvnek}ofz2 kne

Oefnuohy k lknk`flfnu w}d`}kl ucku zcdvie mf wvu on wikjf ud lonolozf ucf cfkiuc

kne fnxo}dnlfnuki olwkjuz dh dn,zouf pkzufpkuf} lknk`flfnu. #FWK) =77:k/.

K IJK }fwd}u poii oefnuohy ucf `}fkufzu }ozbz ud kn k}fk dh ikne }f`k}eon` edlfzuoj

pkzufpkuf} lknk`flfnu. Ucf ifxfi dh efukoi dh ucf IJK zcdvie }ffju ucf oefnuofe

ifxfi dh }ozb kne zcdvie efldnzu}kuf cdp ucf }ozb jkn mf lknk`fe.

Pcfn oz k IJK }f{vo}fe4 Jckwuf} =

5Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u


6/41

Ikne jkwkmoiouy kzzfzzlfnu jkiiz dn k }kn`f dh w}dhfzzodnki zboiiz h}dl k nvlmf} dh

eozjowionfz. Zkuozhkjud}y kzzfzzlfnu dh zouf zvoukmoiouy hd} pkzufpkuf} kwwiojkuodn oz

j}ouojkiiy efwfneknu dn mduc ucf jdnzviuknu vnef}ukbon` ucf IJK kne ucf jdvnjoi

dhjf} fxkivkuon` ucf IJK fsf}jozon` zdvne w}dhfzzodnki ave`flfnu. Ou oz olwd}uknu

ucku jdvnjoi dhjf}z kzzfzzon` IJKz k}f mduc ucd}dv`ciy u}konfe kne xf}zfe on

kzzfzzon` IJK }fwd}uz kne ckxf ucf nfjfzzk}y zboiiz kne fswf}ofnjf ud jdnefnuiy

kne jdlwfufnuiy onuf}w}fu kne fxkivkuf IJK. Zoloik}iy) ou oz j}ouojki ucku IJKz }fjfoxfe

my jdvnjoi ckxf mffn vnef}ukbfn my kww}dw}okufiy u}konfe) {vkiofe kne fswf}ofnjfe

kzzfzzd}z.

Jdvnjoi dhjf}z zcdvie fnjdv}k`f jdnzviukuodn pouc efxfidwf}z kne IJK kzzfzzd}z

w}od} ud ucf IJK w}djfzz jdllfnjon` hd} ucf hdiidpon` }fkzdnz1

Jdvnjoi poii ckxf kn dwwd}uvnouy ud fswikon kny wk}uojvik} jdnjf}nz }f`k}eon` dn,

zouf zfpk`f lknk`flfnu on ucf k}fk) d} wk}uojvik} }f{vo}flfnuz }f`k}eon` IJKz hd}

ucku k}fk2

Jdvnjoi jkn wkzz dn vzfhvi idjki onhd}lkuodn on }f`k}e ud ucf zouf jkwkmoiouy)

wf}hd}lknjf dh fsozuon` zyzuflz) d} ucf uywfz dh zyzuflz ucku k}f zvoufe ud ucku

fnxo}dnlfnu2 kne

Jdvnjoi jkn fnzv}f ucf IJK kzzfzzd} oz kww}dw}okufiy {vkiofe ud vnef}ukbf ucf

pd}b.

Lffuon` pouc ucf jdnzviuknu d} ikne cdief} }zu poii kizd fnkmif mduc wk}uofz ud k`}ff

dn ucf }f{vo}fe ifxfi dh efukoi) pcojc poii xk}y h}dl zouf ud zouf) mfhd}f ucf pd}b

jdllfnjfz. K co`c ifxfi dh w}dhfzzodnki zboiiz dn ucf wk}u dh mduc jdnzviuknuz kne

jdvnjoi dhjf}z) kz pfii kz zdvne jdllvnojkuodn mfupffn ucfzf wk}uofz) poii `d kidn`

pky ud }fevjf wdufnuoki jdnoju ikuf}) hd} fsklwif ku ucf Xojud}okn Joxoi kne

Kelonozu}kuoxf U}omvnki #XJKU/.

Jdnzviukuodn pouc

IJK Kzzfzzd}z

Jckwuf} :

6Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u


7/41

8 Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Ucf IJK w}djfzz oz kwwiojkmif ud kii zjkifz dh efxfidwlfnu wiknnon` kne kzzfzzlfnu.

Ud kxdoe j}fkuon` kexf}zf olwkjuz dn ucf fnxo}dnlfnu kne wvmioj cfkiuc evf ud ucf

onzukiikuodn dh dnzouf edlfzuoj pkzufpkuf} zyzuflz on ucf w}dwdzfe efxfidwlfnu)

IJKz zcdvie mf vnef}ukbfn ku ucf fk}iofzu wdzzomif zuk`f dh ucf efxfidwlfnu.

Jdnevjuon` IJK ku ucf }fqdnon` d} zvmeoxozodn zuk`f oz k ld}f zu}kufòj kww}dkjc ucku

w}dxoefz k lvjc ld}f fhhfjuoxf kne zvzukonkmif }fzviu zd ucku k}fkz pouc co`cf}

ef`}ffz dh ioloukuodn jkn mf kww}dw}okufiy qdnfe kne zvmeoxozodn ikydvuz jkn lkbf

mfzu vzf dh ucf wcyzojki jdnzu}konuz kne dwwd}uvnouofz dh ucf ikne. Efukoife `voeknjf

dn m}dke zjkif zu}kufòj IJK oz mfydne ucf zjdwf dh ucoz edjvlfnu. Cdpfxf}) on ucf

fxfnu ucku k zu}kufòj IJK edfz fsozu) ucf kldvnu dh keeouodnki onhd}lkuodn }f{vo}fe on

kn oneoxoevki zouf IJK }fwd}u lky mf }fevjfe. K`kon) ucoz poii nffe ud mf efjoefe dn k

jkzf,my,jkzf mkzoz on jdnzviukuodn pouc ucf IJK kzzfzzd} kne jdvnjoi.

K uywojki IJK hd} k zvmeoxozodn #pcojc lky onjivef }fqdnon` dh ikne/ onxdixfz iddbon`

ku ikne jkwkmoiouy ku k zio`cuiy m}dkef} zjkif #kww}dsolkufiy ;1=777/ hd} k w}dwdzfe

ikydvu dh kiidulfnuz. On ucf jkzf dh k w}dwdzki dh zvmeoxozodn on ozdikuodn) ucoz lky

zolwiy onxdixf efuf}lonkuodn dh k lonolvl idu zoqf }kucf} uckn kn fskju idu ikydvu.

Pcoif ldzu zonìf zouf IJKz poii vzvkiiy onxdixf dniy dnf zdoi iknezjkwf kne dnf d} upd

iknehd}l fiflfnuz) k zvmeoxozodn d} }fqdnon` jkn jdnukon lviuowif jdlmonkuodnz dh

mduc zdoi uywf kne iknehd}l. ]f`k}eifzz dh zjkif) ucf lkon dmafjuoxf dh kii IJK oz ucf

zklf) ucku oz) ucf efuf}lonkuodn dh ucf kmoiouy dh fkjc kiidulfnu ud jdnukon pkzufpkuf}

poucon ucf zouf mdvnek}ofz) kne ucf efldnzu}kuodn ucku ucf vzf dh dnzouf edlfzuojpkzufpkuf} zyzuflz pdvie ndu olwkju dn zv}hkjf pkuf} kne `}dvnepkuf}. Keeouodnki

jdnzoef}kuodnz hd} zu}kufòj ifxfi IJKz) hd} fsklwif hd} Wiknnon` Zjcflf klfnelfnuz

kne zvmeoxozodnz) k}f zvllk}ozfe on Ukmif ; dn wk`f 0. Ucf onhd}lkuodn jdnukonfe on

ucoz ukmif) kidn` pouc ucf Ldefi IJK kne KZ$NQZ ;6501=777) w}dxoef `dde `voeknjf

dn mfzu w}kjuojf lviuowif idu IJK.

IJK hd} Wiknnon`

Zjcflf Klfnelfnuz

( Zvmeoxozodnz

Jckwuf} 5


8/41

0 Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Ukmif ; Keeouodnki Jdnzoef}kuodnz hd} Lviuowif Idu IJKz

IJK Jdlwdnfnu Keeouodnki Jdnzoef}kuodnz

Jck}kjuf}ozuojz dh ucf

efxfidwlfnu

Nffe ud jdnzoef} k }kn`f dh wdufnuoki epfiion` zoqfz

kne pkzufpkuf} `fnf}kuodn }kufz.

Wdufnuoki jvlvikuoxf olwkjuz k}f ld}f zo`nojknu kne

jdnzoef}kuodn lvzu mf `oxfn ud oefnuohyon` zvzukonkmif

uduki idu nvlmf}z) lonolvl idu zoqfz kne zyzufl

efnzouofz.

Zouf kzzfzzlfnu Ucf}f oz ld}f wdufnuoki hd} xk}okuodn on zouf

jck}kjuf}ozuojz kj}dzz ucf efxfidwlfnu.

Ucf}f oz k nffe ud wky jidzf kuufnuodn ud m}dkef} ikne

jkwkmoiouy ozzvfz #hd} fsklwif iknehd}l fiflfnuz/

pcfn efuf}lonon` idu zoqfz kne jdn`v}kuodn.

Zdoi kzzfzzlfnu Ufzu md}fcdifz k}f }f{vo}fe hd} fkjc jdlmonkuodn

dh zdoi iknezjkwf hkjfu kne iknehd}l fiflfnu #zff

KZ$NQZ;6501=777hd} `voeknjf dn k lonolvl

nvlmf} dh ufzu md}fcdifz/.

Keeouodnki jcflojki ufzuz #zvjc kz wcdzwcd}vz zd}wuodn

jkwkjouy/ lky mf nfjfzzk}y hd} kjjv}kuf kzzfzzlfnu.

Ikne jkwkmoiouy kzzfzzlfnu Lviuowif IJKz lvzu mf vnef}ukbfn hd} fkjc

jdlmonkuodn dh zdoi iknezjkwf kne iknehd}l fiflfnu.

Ikne jkwkmoiouy zcdvie mf lkwwfe kne vzfe ud

ndlonkuf zvoukmif fhvfnu lknk`flfnu qdnfz

#w}fhf}kmiy mfhd}f idu zoqf kne jdn`v}kuodn oz

efuf}lonfe/.

]fjdllfnefe lknk`flfnu

w}d`}kl #onjiveon` zyzufl

efzo`n/

Dniy jdnjfwu pkzufpkuf} zyzufl efzo`nz k}f nfjfzzk}y

zd lonolvl zoqfz hd} ikne kwwiojkuodn k}fkz jkn mf

efuf}lonfe. Dwuodnz lky mf ifhu ku ufjcndid`y uywfz

#hd} fsklwif w}olk}y d} zfjdnek}y u}fkulfnu)

zvmzv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn d} kmzd}wuodn u}fnjc/. Efukoife

zyzufl efzo`n zcdvie mf jk}}ofe dvu ku ucf oneoxoevkiidu efxfidwlfnu zuk`f.

Idu zoqf kne jdn`v}kuodn zcdvie zffb ud lksolozf

ucf dwwd}uvnouy ud vuoiozf zvoukmif ikne hd} dn,zouf

pkzufpkuf} lknk`flfnu. K ikne jkwkmoiouy lkw dh

ucf zouf jkn kzzozu on ucoz w}djfzz.


9/41


10/41

6.; Onu}devjuodn

Fnxo}dnlfnuki Jdnzviuknuz Wuy Iue ckz mffn fn`k`fe ud vnef}ukbf k Ikne Jkwkmoiouy

Kzzfzzlfnu #IJK/ hd} k dnf cfjuk}f zouf ku Mvnekik`vkc ]dke) Lkhh}k. Ucf fie

onxfzuo`kuodn kne }fwd}u ckxf mffn vnef}ukbfn kne w}fwk}fe my zvoukmiy fswf}ofnjfe

zukhh. Fnxo}dnlfnuki Jdnzviuknuz Wuy Iue ckz kww}dw}okuf w}dhfzzodnki oneflnouy

onzv}knjf hd} ucoz uywf dh pd}b. Dv} w}dhfzzodnki oneflnouy onzv}knjf jf}uojkuf oz

kxkoikmif dn }f{vfzu.

Ucf }fwd}u poii kjjdlwkny kn kwwiojkuodn zvmlouufe ud Pfiionùdn Zco}f Jdvnjoi hd} k

w}oxkuf }fzoefnjf pouc kn dn,zouf pkzufpkuf} zyzufl. Ucoz edjvlfnu w}dxoefz

onhd}lkuodn kmdvu ucf zouf kne zdoi jdneouodnz. Ou kizd w}dxoefz k efukoife IJK hd} ucf

;7 777l= idu) kne onjivefz k jdnjfwuvki efzo`n hd} k zvoukmif dnzouf pkzufpkuf}

lknk`flfnu zyzufl) onjiveon` }fjdllfnekuodnz hd} ldnoud}on` kne lknk`flfnu

}f{vo}flfnuz.

Ucf zouf ckz mffn jifk}fe dh ucf d}oònki xf`fukuodn dn ucf co`cf} `}dvne mvu ucf}f oz

k zu}ow dh }flnknu nkuoxf }owk}okn xf`fukuodn kidn` ucf }oxf}. Upd e}konk`f ionfz

onuf}zfju ucf zouf kne hffe onud ucf Lkjkiozuf} ]oxf}. Ucf zidwfz }kn`f h}dl upd ud xf

wf}jfnu. Ucf pfzuf}n zoef dh ucf midjb oz dde,w}dnf pouc k }fuv}n wf}ode dh ; on ;77

yfk}z) mvu ucf}f oz zvhjofnu ikne kxkoikmif hd} zvzukonkmif dnzouf fhvfnu lknk`flfnu

ucku lkonukonz kww}dw}okuf mvhhf}z ud w}dufju zfnzouoxf }fjfwud}z.

Pf w}dxoef k nvlmf} dh dwuodnz hd} mduc ucf u}fkulfnu zyzufl kne ikne kwwiojkuodn

k}fk #IKK/. Kmdxf kii) fhvfnu zcdvie mf u}fkufe ud ku ifkzu zfjdnek}y ifxfi my kn

KPUZ) zonìf,wkzz zkne iuf} d} zvoukmif kiuf}nkuoxf) kne ikne kwwiojkuodn jkn mf my

zvm,zv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn.

6.= Efzj}owuodn dh ucf Efxfidwlfnu

Ukmif = Zouf Efzj}owuodn

Zouf Kee}fzz1 Idu 636) Mvnekik`vkc ]dke) Lkhh}k #Ho`v}f ;/

Dpnf}$Efxfidwf}1 L} Fmfnfqf} Zj}dd`f

Wdzuki Kee}fzz1 WD Mds 673) Zkif) Xoj :367

Jdnukju1 Wc1 7: 6;5= 80==

Jdvnjoi K}fk1 Pfiionùdn Zco}f Jdvnjoi

Qdnon` ]v}ki ioxon`) pouc k zu}ow dh ikne qdnfe Wvmioj Jdnzf}xkuodn kne ]fzdv}jf kidn` ucf

Lkjkiozuf} ]oxf}

Kiidulfnu Zoqf1 ; ck

Edlfzuoj Pkuf} Zvwwiy1 Dnzouf }ddh pkuf} jdiifjuodn nd }fuojvikufe zvwwiy kxkoikmif d} iobfiy ud mf w}dxoefe on ucf

zcd}u ud lfeovl uf}l hvuv}f.

Knuojowkufe Pkzufpkuf} Idke1 Kzzvlf dnf 5,mfe}ddl }fzoefnjf) G 8 wfdwif wf} }fzoefnjf lksolvl djjvwknjy. Efzo n

pkzufpkuf} idke oz ;57I$wf}zdn $eky) ucf}fhd}f uduki efzo`n idke < 357 I$eky. Ucoz efzo`n

idke oz zdv}jfe h}dl KZ$NQ ;6501=777) òxfn jdllfnuz on Zfjuodn 5.3.: on FWK #=77:m/

zukuon` ucku }fevjuodnz on pkzufpkuf} idke k}f kiidpfe pcf}f }ddh pkuf} oz ucf dniy zvwwiy.

Kxkoikmoiouy dh Zfpf} Ucf k}fk oz vnzfpf}fe kne vniobfiy ud mf zfpf}fe on ucf zcd}u ud lfeovl uf}l hvuv}f

? Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Oz ucoz fsklwif jdlwifuf4 Pcku

fizf zcdvie mf onjivefe4 Jcfjbucf ndufz dn wk`f =8 kne =0 ud

lkbf zv}f.


11/41

;7 Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

6.: Zouf Bfy Hfkuv}fz

Hodnk Zlouc kne Knnk Nfplkn vnef}uddb zouf onxfzuo`kuodnz dn ucf ==ne dh

Efjflmf} =775. K }kn`f dh zouf hfkuv}fz pf}f kzzfzzfe on uf}lz dh ucf ef`}ff dh

ioloukuodn ucfy w}fzfnu hd} k }kn`f dh dnzouf pkzufpkuf} lknk`flfnu zyzuflz.

]fhf}fnjf oz lkef ud ucf }kuon` zjkif efzj}omfe on Ukmif ; dh FWK #=77:k/. Kz k

`voef) }flfeoki lfkzv}fz zcdvie mf jdnzoef}fe pcfnfxf} }kuon`z dh :) 5) d} 6 djjv}

kne ucoz lo`cu onxdixf ikne olw}dxflfnu pd}bz) zdoi klfiod}kuodn d} zolwiy kedwuodn dh

co`cf},ifxfi ufjcndidòfz ud fnzv}f fnxo}dnlfnuki w}dufjuodn. Ukmif : zvllk}ozfz ucf

bfy hfkuv}fz on }fikuodn ud fhvfnu lknk`flfnu ku ucf zouf. Ucf zouf oz ndu on k zwfjoki

pkuf} zvwwiy jkujclfnu k}fk. Ucf zouf fswf}ofnjfz nfìoòmif zud}lpkuf} }vn,dn h}dl

Mvnekik`vkc ]dke ud ucf fkzu. Ucf}f oz nd fxoefnjf dh k zckiidp pkuf}ukmif d} ducf}

zo`nojknu jdnzu}konuz kne ucf }ozb dh fhvfnu u}knzwd}u dhhzouf oz xf}y idp.

Ho`v}f ; w}dxoefz k idjkiouy wikn kne oneojkufz ucf idjkuodn dh ucf zouf dh ucf w}dwdzfe

efxfidwlfnu. Ho`v}f = w}dxoefz k zouf wikn efzj}omon` ucf idjkuodn dh ucf w}dwdzfe

efxfidwlfnu pd}bz) pkzufpkuf} lknk`flfnu zyzufl jdlwdnfnuz kne wcyzojki zouf

hfkuv}fz.

Ho`v}f ; Idjkiouy Wikn

Edfz ucoz lkw zcdp fndv`c

efukoi4 Jcfjb wk`f =0 hd} ld}f

onhd}lkuodn.

Pcd k}f Hodnk kne Knnk4 Hone

dvu pcku onhd}lkuodn ydv zcdvie

jcfjb hd} dn wk`f =8.


12/41

;; Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Ho`v}f = Zouf Wikn

K}f ucf}f kny olwd}uknu

jdlwdnfnfuz lozzon` h}dl ucoz

lkw4 Pcku k}f ucf fzzfnuoki

fiflfnuz }f{vo}fe4 Jcfjb ucf

ndufz dn wk`f =0.


13/41

;= Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Ukmif : Zouf Hfkuv}fz

Hfkuv}f

Jiolkuf Ucf zouf ckz k Lfeouf}}knfkn jiolkuf pouc lksolvl uflwf}kuv}fz kne lonolvl }konhkii on

zvllf}. Onhd}lkuodn h}dl ucf Efwk}ulfnu dh W}olk}y Onevzu}ofz pfmzouf #ppp.ewo.xoj.`dx.kv)

Xojud}okn ]fzdv}jfz Dnionf Pfzu @owwzikne Cdlfwk`f/ oneojkufz ucku e}dv`cuz k}f dhufn

fswf}ofnjfe h}dl loe,Djudmf} ud ikuf Kw}oi. Ucf zouf fswf}ofnjfz kn kxf}k`f knnvki }konhkii dh

8;;.; ll #Zkif Fkzu Jiolkuf Zukuodn Nd. 73630=/ kne kn kxf}k`f dh ;5; }kon ekyz wf}yfk}. Kxf}k`f knnvki wkn fxkwd}kuodn oz ukbfn kz ;::0.= ll

Fswdzv}f Ucf zouf oz jdlwifufiy jifk}fe pouc k pfzuf}iy kzwfju kne ckz co`c zvn kne pone fswdzv}f.

Xf`fukuodn Ucf zouf jdnukonz k losuv}f dh `}kzzfz) mduc nkuoxf kne fsduoj) pouc nkuoxf }owk}okn xf`fukuodn.

Iknehd}l Ucf zouf oz dn k idpf} zidwf ifkeon` dn ud k ddewikon pcojc oz eozzfjufe my upd effw e}konk`f

ionfz pcojc adon ud ucf pfzu dh ucf zouf kne hffe onud ucf Lkjkiozuf} ]oxf}.

Zidwf Ucf w}dwdzfe fhvfnu lknk`flfnu k}fk oz {vouf ku pouc `}keofnuz ifzz uckn 6 wf}jfnu)

`fnf}kiiy ud ucf pfzu.

Hoii Nkuv}ki zdoi w}difz pf}f dmzf}xfe uc}dv`cdvu ucf zouf. Nd ii pkz dmzf}xfe kne nd iion` oz

w}dwdzfe on ucf fhvfnu lknk`flfnu k}fk.

]djbz kne ]djb Dvuj}dwz Nd zv}hkjf }djbz d} dvuj}dw fxoefnu ku ucf zouf.

F}dzodn Wdufnuoki Nd fxoefnjf dh zcffu d} }oii f}dzodn. Ucf f}dzodn ckqk}e oz idp.

Zv}hkjf Pkuf} Ucf zouf oz keakjfnu ud ucf Lkjkiozuf} ]oxf}) pcojc viuolkufiy dpz on ud ucf @owwzikne Ikbfz.

Ucf zouf oz j}dzzfe jidzf ud ucf nd}ucf}n kne zdvucf}n mdvnek}ofz my upd zckiidp e}konk`f

efw}fzzodnz) pcojc djjkzodnkiiy jk}}y pkuf} hd} k zcd}u wf}ode khuf} cfkxy }kon.

Hidde Wdufnuoki Onhd}lkuodn h}dl Pfiionùdn Zco}f Jdvnjoi oneojkufz ucku ucf cdvzf zouf kne k}fk kxkoikmif hd}

kwwiojkuodn dh u}fkufe fhvfnu iofz kmdxf ucf ;1;77 yfk} dde ifxfi.

Zud}lpkuf} }vn,dn kne

vwzidwf zffwk`f

Ucf cdvzf zouf kne w}dwdzfe fhvfnu lknk`flfnu k}fk k}f fswfjufe ud }fjfoxf dniy lond}

zud}lpkuf} }vn,dn. Ucf}f oz nd fxoefnjf dh `}dvnepkuf} zffwk`f) zdkbz d} zw}on`z nfk}my.

@}dvnepkuf} Ucf}f k}f nd zo`nz dh zckiidp `}dvnepkuf} ukmifz kmdxf ;.6 l efwuc. Ucf}f oz nd vzf dh

`}dvnepkuf} hd} edlfzuoj wv}wdzfz poucon =67 l dh ucf w}dwdzfe fhvfnu lknk`flfnu k}fk.

Zouf E}konk`f kne Zvmzv}hkjf

E}konk`f

Ucf zouf fswf}ofnjfz nfìoòmif zud}lpkuf} }vn,dn kne ckz k lond} }vndhh ckqk}e. Ucf}f k}f nd

xozomif zo`nz dh zv}hkjf eklwnfzz) zw}on` kjuoxouy d} cye}dwcoioj xf`fukuodn on ucf w}fhf}}fe

fhvfnu lknk`flfnu k}fk) d} fizfpcf}f nfk}my. Zfkzdnki pkuf} id`òn` lky djjv} kz zdoiz

eozwiky k lond} kldvnu dh lduuion` on ucf effwf} zvmzdoiz. Ucoz zfkzdnki pkuf} id`òn` jdvie

iolou wf}jdikuodn dh fhvfnu uc}dv`c ucf zdoi w}dif.

]fjdllfnefe Mvhhf}

Eozuknjfz

Kii mvhhf} eozuknjfz }fjdllfnefe on Ukmif 5.8 dh FWK #=77:m/ k}f kjcofxkmif kne ed ndu

zo`nojknuiy iolou zouon` dh ucf IKK on ucoz jkzf.

Kxkoikmif Ikne Kwwiojkuodn

K}fk

Jdnzoef}on` kii zouf jdnzu}konuz kne ucf mvhhf}z lfnuodnfe kmdxf) ucf zouf ckz klwif ikne ucku

oz zvoukmif kne kxkoikmif hd} ikne kwwiojkuodn dh u}fkufe fhvfnu. Ucf w}fhf}}fe k}fk oz dn ucf

fkzuf}n zoef dh ucf w}dwf}uy on mfupffn ucf upd w}dlonfnu e}konk`f ionfz. Ucf ikne kwwiojkuodn

fnxfidwf oz idjkufe kmdxf ucf ;1;77 dde ifxfi kne my vzon` k zyzufl ucku w}dxoefz zfjdnek}y

u}fkulfnu kne w}fzzv}oqfe zvm,zv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn) ucf}f poii mf klwif w}dufjuodn hd} zv}hkjf

kne `}dvnepkuf}.

Zff wk`f =3 hd} kn fswiknkuodn

dh fkjc dh ucfzf ekuk fiez.


14/41

;: Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

6.5 Zdoi Kzzfzzlfnu kne Jdnzu}konuz

Ucf zoufz zdoiz ckxf mffn kzzfzzfe hd} ucfo} zvoukmoiouy hd} dnzouf pkzufpkuf}

lknk`flfnu my k jdlmonkuodn dh zdoi zv}xfy kne efzbudw }fxofp dh wvmiozcfe zdoi

zv}xfy onhd}lkuodn kz dvuionfe mfidp.

6.5.; Wvmiozcfe Zdoiz Onhd}lkuodn

Zdoiz dh ucf zouf ckxf mffn lkwwfe kne efzj}omfe on Lkad} K`}ojviuv}ki Zdoiz dh ucfLkhh}k ]fòdnmy Zk}`fknu kne Olcdh #=777/) kne k}f efzj}omfe kz mfidnòn` ud ucf

Zu}kuhd}e lkw vnou. Ucoz vnou djjv}z dn kiivxoki zfeolfnuz efwdzoufe on ucf Wifozudjfnf

wf}ode. Ucf iknehd}l oz k ifxfi wikon pcojc oz kn fifxkufe pfkbiy eozzfjufe kiivxoki

uf}}kjf. Ucf d}oònki xf`fukuodn pkz k `}kzzy dwfn hd}fzu dh Fvjkiywuvz uf}fuojd}nozucku

ckz ndp ik}`fiy mffn jifk}fe. Ucf zv}hkjf zdoiz k}f `fnf}kiiy ek}b `}fyozc m}dpn

idkly zknez ud zkney idklz. Ucfy ckxf k mifkjcfe zvm,zv}hkjf #uywojkiiy wkif m}dpn

ud wkif m}dpnozc `}fy/ dh zoloik}iy ufsuv}fe lkuf}oki km}vwuiy dxf}iyon`) ku kmdvu =7 ud

57 jl) lduuife m}dpn kne yfiidpozc m}dpn jikyz. Lduuife jikyz d} zkney jikyz

nd}lkiiy jdnuonvf ud ku ifkzu ; l dhufn kjjdlwknofe my `}kxfi kne zudnfz. Ucf zdoiz

k}f ldzu iobfiy ud mf jikzzofe kz M}dpn d} _fiidp Zdedzdiz vzon` ucf Kvzu}kiokn Zdoi

Jikzzojkuodn #Ozmfii) ;??8/.

6.5.= Zdoi Zv}xfy kne Knkiyzoz

K zdoi zv}xfy pkz jk}}ofe dvu ku ucf zouf ud efuf}lonf zvoukmoiouy hd} kwwiojkuodn dh

u}fkufe fhvfnu. Zvmzdoi onxfzuo`kuodnz pf}f jdnevjufe ku upd idjkuodnz on ucf xojonouy

dh ucf mvoieon` fnxfidwf) kz zcdpn on Ho`v}f =) vzon` k ckne ev` ufzu wou #UW;/. Kn

keeouodnki zdoi wou pkz ev` edpnzidwf dh ucoz fnxfidwf ud jck}kjuf}ozf ucf zdoiz dh ucf

ddewikon iknezjkwf. Ucoz pkz zvhjofnu ud kef{vkufiy jck}kjuf}ozf ucf zdoiz kz dniy

lond} xk}okuodn pdvie mf fswfjufe uc}dv`cdvu ucf k}fk dh onuf}fzu. Upd zdoi uywfz pf}f

fnjdvnuf}fe on ucfzf onxfzuo`kuodnz. Hvii w}dif efzj}owuodnz k}f w}dxoefe on Kwwfneos

;. Zklwifz dh kii eozj}fuf zdoi ikyf}z hd} fkjc zdoi uywf pf}f jdiifjufe hd} zvmzf{vfnu

ikmd}kud}y knkiyzoz dh wC) fifju}ojki jdnevjuoxouy kne Flf}zdn K``}f`kuf Jikzz. Ukmifz

5 kne 6 efzj}omf ucf zdoi jdnzu}konuz on efukoi hd} fkjc dh ucf zdoiz fnjdvnuf}fe.

Zdoiz on ucf xojonouy dh ucf mvoieon` fnxfidwf ckxf nf zkney idkl udwzdoiz dxf}iyon`

jiky) pcojc mfjdlfz cfkxof} pouc efwuc) h}dl io`cu ud lfeovl #ppp.ewo.xoj.`dx.kv/.

Ucf K= cd}oqdn ckz k lkzzoxf zu}vjuv}f kne oz jdnzwojvdvziy mifkjcfe kne lduuion`

djjv}z on ucf zvmzdoi) pcojc oneojkufz olwf}hfju e}konk`f. Ucf zvmzdoi oz kizd zu}dnìy

zdeoj kne eozwf}zomif. Ucoz zdoi oz jikzzofe kz k M}dpn Zdedzdi #Ozmfii) ].H.) ;??8/.

@oxfn ucf wcyzojki kne jcflojki ioloukuodnz dh ucf zvmzdoi) fhvfnu kwwiojkuodn xok kn

kmzd}wuodn u}fnjc oz ndu }fjdllfnefe.

Ucf zdoi dn ucf ddewikon pkz hdvne ud ckxf k nf zkney idkl udwzdoi pouc k `}kevki

onj}fkzf on ufsuv}f edpn uc}dv`c ucf w}dif ud k io`cu zoiuy jiky ku efwuc #ppp.ewo.xoj.

`dx.kv/. Ucf zdoi oz ldef}kufiy ud zu}dnìy zu}vjuv}fe kne lduuifz djjv} on ucf effw

zvmzdoi. Ucoz zdoi oz jikzzofe kz k Mikjb Ef}ldzdi. Pcoizu ucoz zdoi uywf oz ld}f

zvoukmif ud fhvfnu kzzoloikuodn) ouz idjkuodn zdlf eozuknjf h}dl ucf w}dwdzfe mvoieon`

fnxfidwf kne dn ucf ddewikon lkbfz ou ifzz efzo}kmif hd} ucf IKK.

Cdp jkn ydv jcfjb ucoz

nhd}lkuodn oz jd}}fju4 Pcf}f

jkn ydv ne ucf ekuk4 Hone dvu

dn wk`f =?.

Mikjb Ef}ldzdi

Zdv}jf1 ppp.ewo.xoj.`dx.kv

M}dpn Zdedzdi


15/41


Ukmif 5 Zdoi Hfkuv}fz1 M}dpn Zdedzdi

Zdoi Hfkuv}f;

Zdoi Efwuc Zdoi efwuc `}fkuf} uckn ;=77ll kne nd ck}ewknz

djjv}.

Efwuc ud pkuf}ukmif @}dvnepkuf} ndu fnjdvnuf}fe) cdif uf}lonkufe ku;.= lfu}fz. Lond} lduuion` on ucf zvmzdoiz oneojkufz

onuf}louufnu zkuv}kuodn.

Jdk}zf H}k`lfnuz #&/ =& jdk}zf h}k`lfnuz djjv} on ucf M; cd}oqdn. Nd

jdk}zf h}k`lfnuz pf}f dmzf}xfe uc}dv`cdvu ucf

}flkonef} dh ucf w}dif.

Zdoi Wf}lfkmoiouy kne Efzo`n

Idkeon` ]kufz

Zdoi wf}lfkmoiouy pkz ndu eo}fjuiy lfkzv}fe mvu jkn

mf onhf}}fe pouc }fhf}fnjf ud Ukmifz 5.=K; ud 5.=K5 on

KZ$NQZ ;6501=777) ucku efzj}omf jdnzf}xkuoxf efzo`n

idkeon` }kufz #EI]z/ kne Efzo`n O}}o`kuodn ]kufz

#EO]z/ hd} xk}odvz fhvfnu kwwiojkuodn zyzuflz

kjjd}eon` ud zdoi uywf. J}ouojki zdoi w}dwf}uofz k}f

ufsuv}f kne zu}vjuv}f) mvu efwuc) jdidv} kne ef`}ffdh lduuion` k}f kizd vzfe ud onhf} e}konk`f jdneouodnz.

Pf nduf ucku ucf oneojkuoxf idkeon` }kufz mfidp kzzvlf

zfjdnek}y u}fkufe fhvfnu oz mfon` kwwiofe. ]fevjfe

idkeon` }kufz pdvie kwwiy ud w}olk}y u}fkulfnu zyzuflz

#zfwuoj uknbz/) kiucdv`c ucfzf k}f ndu }fjdllfnefe

cf}f.

Zff Ukmif ? Fswiknkuodn dh

Zdoi Hfkuv}fz) dn wk`f =0)

hd} ld}f onhd}lkuodn kne

efzj}owuodnz dh ucf lfucdez

hd} dmukonon` ucf ekuk on

ukmifz 5 kne 6.

Udwzdoiz Zvmzdoiz

Efzj}owuodn Lkzzoxf nf zkney idkl Ldef}kufiy zu}vjuv}fe

lfeovl jiky

Zdoi Jkuf`d}y #KZ$NQ;6501=777/

= 8

Efzo`n O}}o`kuodn ]kuf #EO]

ll$eky/

=7 =7

Efzo`n Idkeon` ]kuf #EI]

ll$eky/ hd} u}fnjcfz$mfez

ndu kwwiojkmif 3

wC Ucf wC dh ;16 zdoi$pkuf} zvzwfnzodnz pkz lfkzv}fe

vzon` k Cknnkckne cfie wC$FJ lfuf}. Ucf zdoi zcdpz

k nfvu}ki }fkjuodn u}fne. Ucf lfkzv}fe wC dh ucf K;

cd}oqdn oz 6.5) 8.7 hd} ucf K=) kne 8.3 ud 0.8 hd}

zvmzdoiz. Ucf w}fzfnu zdoi jdneouodnz ed ndu kwwfk}

ud mf }fzu}ojuon` wiknu `}dpuc.

Fifju}ojki Jdnevjuoxouy Fifju}ojki jdnevjuoxouy dh ucf zkuv}kufe fsu}kju #FJf/

pkz jkijvikufe my }zu lfkzv}on` ucf fifju}ojki

jdnevjuoxouy dh ;16 zdoi on pkuf} zvzwfnzodnz kne vzon`

kww}dw}okuf lviuowiof} hkjud}z ud jdnxf}u FJ #;16/ ud

FJf. Ucf jkijvikufe FJf xkivfz }kn`f mfupffn =.7;

kne :.36 efjoZoflfnz wf} lfu}f kne zdoiz k}f zio`cuiy

zkionf. Pouc idn`,uf}l dwf}kuodn dh ucf zyzufl) ou lky

mf pozf ud ldnoud} zdoi zkionouy ud fnzv}f ucku ou edfz

ndu onj}fkzf zo`nojknuiy.

;. Zdv}jf1 ppp.ewo.xoj.`dx.kv) Xojud}okn ]fzdv}jfz Dnionf Pfzu @owwzikne Cdlfwk`f


16/41


Ukmif 6 Zdoi Hfkuv}fz Mikjb Ef}ldzdi

Zdoi Hfkuv}f;

Zdoi Efwuc Zdoi efwuc `}fkuf} uckn ;=77ll kne nd ck}ewknz

djjv}.

Efwuc ud pkuf}ukmif Nd pkuf}ukmifz pf}f fnjdvnuf}fe.

Jdk}zf H}k`lfnuz #&/ Nd jdk}zf h}k`lfnuz pf}f dmzf}xfe uc}dv`cdvu ucf

w}dif.

Zdoi Wf}lfkmoiouy kne Efzo`n

Idkeon` ]kufz

Zdoi wf}lfkmoiouy pkz ndu eo}fjuiy lfkzv}fe mvu jkn mf

onhf}}fe pouc }fhf}fnjf ud Ukmifz 5.=K; ud 5.=K5 on

KZ$NQZ ;6501=777) ucku efzj}omf jdnzf}xkuoxf efzo`n

idkeon` }kufz #EI]z/ kne Efzo`n O}}o`kuodn ]kufz

#EO]z/ hd} xk}odvz fhvfnu kwwiojkuodn zyzuflz

kjjd}eon` ud zdoi uywf. J}ouojki zdoi w}dwf}uofz k}f

ufsuv}f kne zu}vjuv}f) mvu efwuc) jdidv} kne ef`}ff

dh lduuion` k}f kizd vzfe ud onhf} e}konk`f jdneouodnz.

Pf nduf ucku ucf oneojkuoxf idkeon` }kufz mfidp kzzvlfzfjdnek}y u}fkufe fhvfnu oz mfon` kwwiofe. ]fevjfe

idkeon` }kufz pdvie kwwiy ud w}olk}y u}fkulfnu

zyzuflz #zfwuoj uknbz/) kiucdv`c ucfzf k}f ndu

}fjdllfnefe cf}f.

;. Zdv}jf1 ppp.ewo.xoj.`dx.kv) Xojud}okn ]fzdv}jfz Dnionf Pfzu @owwzikne Cdlfwk`f

Udwzdoiz Zvmzdoiz

Efzj}owuodn Ldef}kufiy zu}vjuv}fe

nf zkney idkl

Ldef}kufiy zu}vjuv}fe

io`cu jiky

Zdoi Jkuf`d}y #KZ$

NQ;6501=777/

= 6

Efzo`n O}}o`kuodn ]kuf

#EO] ll$eky/

=7 =7

Efzo`n Idkeon` ]kuf #EI]

ll$eky/ hd} u}fnjcfz$mfez

ndu kwwiojkmif ;7

wC Ucf wC dh ;16 zdoi$pkuf} zvzwfnzodnz pkz lfkzv}fe

vzon` k Cknnkckne cfie wC$FJ lfuf}. Ucf zdoi zcdpz

k nfvu}ki }fkjuodn u}fne. Ucf lfkzv}fe wC dh ucf K;

cd}oqdn oz 6.0) kne 6.? ud 8.8 hd} zvmzdoiz. Ucf w}fzfnu

zdoi jdneouodnz ed ndu kwwfk} ud mf }fzu}ojuon` wiknu

`}dpuc.

Fifju}ojki Jdnevjuoxouy Fifju}ojki jdnevjuoxouy dh ucf zkuv}kufe fsu}kju #FJf/pkz jkijvikufe my }zu lfkzv}on` ucf fifju}ojki

jdnevjuoxouy dh ;16 zdoi on pkuf} zvzwfnzodnz kne vzon`

kww}dw}okuf lviuowiof} hkjud}z ud jdnxf}u FJ #;16/ ud

FJf. Ucf jkijvikufe FJf xkivfz }kn`f mfupffn =.6 on

ucf udwzdoi ud 7.8 efjoZoflfnz wf} lfu}f) ucf}fhd}f ucf

udwzdoi oz zio`cuiy zkionf) kne ucf zvmzdoi oz ndn,zkionf.


17/41


6.6 Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu Lku}os

Ucf Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu Lku}os ckz mffn efxfidwfe hd} ucf pcdif zouf)

mvu vzon` ucf zdoiz on ucf xojonouy dh ucf mvoieon` fnxfidwf.

Ukmif 8 Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu Lku}os

Ikne Hfkuv}fz Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Jikzz ]kuon` Zouf ]kuon`

Xf}y@dde #;/

@dde #=/ Hko} #:/ Wdd} #5/ Xf}y Wdd} #6/

@fnf}ki Jck}kjuf}ozuojz

Zouf e}konk`f Nd xozomif

zo`nz dh

eklwnfzz

Ldozu zdoi)

mvu nd

zukneon`

pkuf} on zdoi

wou

Xozomif zo`nz dh

eklwnfzz) zvjc kz

ldozuv}f,udif}knu

wiknuz

Pkuf} wdneon` dn

zv}hkjf:

]vndhh Ndnf Idp Ldef}kuf Co`c nffe hd}eoxf}zodnk}y

zu}vjuv}fz

Xf}y co`c eoxf}zodn ndu

w}kjuojki

=

Hidde ifxfiz Nfxf} 9 ; on ;77 > ; on ;77 kne 9 ;

on =7

9 ; on =7 :

W}dsolouy ud

pkuf}jdv}zfz

> 87l 9 87l ;

Zidwf& 7= =3 3;= ;==7 > =7 =

Ikneziow Nd kjuvki d}

wdufnuokihkoiv}f

Idp

wdufnuoki hd}hkoiv}f

Co`c wdufnuoki hd}

hkoiv}f

W}fzfnu d} wkzu

hkoiv}f

;

@}dvnepkuf}

#zfkzdnki

pkuf}ukmif

efwuc #l//

> 6 6=.6 =.6=.7 =.7;.6 9 ;.6 5

]djb dvuj}dw #&

dh ikne zv}hkjf

jdnukonon` }djbz

>=77ll

7 9 ;7& ;7=7& =767& > 67& =

F}dzodn wdufnuoki Nd f}dzodn

wdufnuoki

Lond} Ldef}kuf Co`c Zfxf}f f}dzodn

wdufnuoki

=

Fswdzv}f Co`c zvn kne

pone

fswdzv}f

Ldef}kuf Idp zvn kne pone

fswdzv}f;

Iknehd}l Coii j}fzuz)

jdnxfs zoef

zidwfz kne

wikonz

Jdnjkxf

zoefzidwfz

kne

hdduzidwfz

Hiddewikonz kne

onjozfe jcknnfiz;

Xf`fukuodn Uywf Uv}h d}

wkzuv}f

Efnzf hd}fzu pouc

iouuif vnef}zud}fy;

Kxf}k`f ]konhkii

#ll$yfk}/

9 567 567867 867067 067;777 > ;777 =

Ucoz oz dniy dnf wdzzomif kww}dkjc

ud efuf}lonf pcfucf} edlfzuoj

pkzufpkuf} jkn mf jdnukonfe dn,

zouf. Ou oz k jcfjbiozu mkzfe jidzfiy

dn FWK Wvmiojkuodn 058 #=77:k/.

Zff ucf ndufz dn wk`f :8 hd}

onhd}lkuodn kmdvu ducf} lfucdez.


18/41


Ikne Hfkuv}fz Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Jikzz ]kuon` Zouf ]kuon`

Xf}y@dde #;/

@dde #=/ Hko} #:/ Wdd} #5/ Xf}y Wdd} #6/

@fnf}ki Jck}kjuf}ozuojz

Wkn Fxkwd}kuodn#ll$y}/

9 ;677 ;=67;677

;777;=67

9 ;777 =

Hoii Nd ii Hoii w}fzfnu ;

Zdoi w}dif jck}kjuf}ozuojz

Zdoi wf}lfkmoiouy

jkuf`d}y;= kne : 5 6 ; kne 8 5

W}dif efwuc > =l ;.6l=l ;.6; ;7.6l > 7.6l :

W}fzfnjf dh

lduuion`

Ndnf Fsufnzoxf 5

Jdv}zf

h}k`lfnuz #&/

9 ;7 ;7,=7 =7,57 > 57 ;

wC 83 5.68 9 5.6) > 3 ;

Flf}zdn

K``}f`kuf

5) 8) 3 6 0 =) : ; ;

Fifju}ojki

Jdnevjuoxouy

#FJf/#eZ$l/

9 7.: 7.:7.3 7.3= =5 > 5 5

Zdeojouy FZW& 9 : 83 3;5 > ;5 6

Dxf}kii Zouf ]kuon` Xf}y Wdd} 6

;. Zdv}jf1 KZ$NQ;6501=777

6.8 Ucf Lknk`flfnu W}d`}kl

Ucoz IJK ckz mffn w}fwk}fe ud kjjdlwkny k efxfidwlfnu kwwiojkuodn ud Pfiion`udn

Zco}f Jdvnjoi hd} k w}oxkuf }fzoefnjf kne kzzdjokufe nfjfzzk}y pkzufpkuf} lknk`flfnu

zyzufl. Kz zvjc) ucoz }fwd}u w}dxoefz }fjdllfnekuodnz hd} u}fkulfnu kne ikne kwwiojkuodn

zyzuflz ucku k}f kww}dw}okuf ud ucf ikne jkwkmoiouy. Ucf hdiidpon` zfjuodnz w}dxoef kn

dxf}xofp dh k zvoukmif zyzufl) pouc zoqon` kne efzo`n jdnzoef}kuodnz kne avzuojkuodn hd}

ouz zfifjuodn. Efukoife efzo`n hd} ucf zyzufl oz mfydne ucf zjdwf dh ucoz zuvey) mvu zcdvie

mf vnef}ukbfn ku ucf uolf dh mvoieon` kwwiojkuodn kne zvmlouufe ud Jdvnjoi.

6.8.; U}fkulfnu Zyzufl

Ud u}fku edlfzuoj pkzufpkuf} kne kiidp o}}o`kuodn pouc ucf u}fkufe fhvfnu) pf }fjdllfne

onzukiion` k zyzufl ucku w}dxoefz zfjdnek}y u}fkulfnu pouc eozonhfjuodn ud lffu

Fnxo}dnlfnu W}dufjuodn Kvucd}ouy }f{vo}flfnuz hd} o}}o`kuodn. Oneojkuoxf uk}`fu fhvfnu

{vkiouy oz1

MDE 9 =7 l`$I2

ZZ 9 :7 l`$I2


19/41


Zfxf}ki zvoukmif dwuodnz k}f kxkoikmif) onjiveon` kf}kufe pkzufpkuf} u}fkulfnu zyzuflz

#KPUZ/ kne zonìf wkzz zkne iuf}z. Foucf} dh ucfzf dwuodnz oz jkwkmif dh kjcofxon`

ucf efzo}fe ifxfi dh wf}hd}lknjf kne nki zfifjuodn oz ucf }fzwdnzomoiouy dh ucf

w}dwf}uy dpnf}) pcd poii hd}pk}e efukoiz ud Jdvnjoi hd} kww}dxki.

6.8.= Ikne Kwwiojkuodn

K }kn`f dh wdzzomif ikne kwwiojkuodn zyzuflz ckxf mffn jdnzoef}fe) zvjc kz

kmzd}wuodn u}fnjcfz) fxkwdu}knzwo}kuodn$kmzd}wuodn #FUK/ mfez) zv}hkjf knezvmzv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn) kne zkne ldvnez. Ucf w}fhf}}fe zyzufl oz w}fzzv}f

jdlwfnzkuon` zvmzv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn. On jdlmonkuodn pouc ucf zfifjufe zfjdnek}y

u}fkulfnu zyzufl zvmzv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn poii w}dxoef fxfn kne poefzw}fke eozwf}zki dh

co`ciy u}fkufe fhvfnu idkez poucon ucf }ddu,qdnf dh wiknuz. Zvmzv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn poii

w}dxoef mfnfjoki }fvzf dh pkzufpkuf} kne ucoz poii mf fzwfjokiiy efzo}kmif òxfn ucku

ucf zouf oz ndu zf}xojfe my udpn pkuf}. Ou poii kizd fnzv}f ucku ucf }ozb dh fhvfnu mfon`

u}knzwd}ufe dhh ucoz zouf poii mf nfìoòmif.

6.8.: Zoqon` ucf O}}o`kuodn Zyzufl

Ud efuf}lonf ucf nfjfzzk}y zoqf dh ucf o}}o`kuodn k}fk pkuf} kne nvu}ofnu mkiknjf

ldefiion` ckz mffn vnef}ukbfn on kjjd}eknjf pouc FWK Wvmiojkuodn ;83 #;??;/)@voefionfz hd} Pkzufpkuf} O}}o`kuodn. Ucf }fzviuz zcdp ucku ucf }f{vo}fe o}}o`kuodn k}fk

oz :07 l=) ucf ik}`f} dh ucf k}fkz jkijvikufe my ucf pkuf} kne nvu}ofnu mkiknjf.

Ucf jkijvikuodnz k}f zvllk}ozfe mfidp) pouc hvii efukoiz on Kwwfneos =.

Pkuf} Mkiknjf

Ucf pkuf} mkiknjf jkn mf fsw}fzzfe my ucf hdiidpon` f{vkuodn1

W}fjowoukuodn " Fhvfnu Kwwiofe < Fxkwdu}knzwo}kuodn " Wf}jdikuodn

Ekuk vzfe on ucf pkuf} mkiknjf onjivefz1

Lfkn ldnuciy }konhkii kne lfkn ldnuciy wkn fxkwd}kuodn #Fkzu Zkif/2 Kxf}k`f ekoiy fhvfnu idke 357 I2

Efzo`n o}}o`kuodn }kuf #EO]/ =7 ll$pb2

J}dw hkjud} 7.0 ud 7.32 kne

]fukonfe }konhkii ;77&.

Ucf ndlonkufe k}fk lfucde oz vzfe ud jkijvikuf ucf k}fk }f{vo}fe ud mkiknjf kii

onwvuz kne dvuwvuz) poucdvu ucf nffe hd} pfu pfkucf} zud}k`f. Kz k }fzviu dh ucfzf

jkijvikuodnz) ku ifkzu :07 l= dh k}fk oz }f{vo}fe ud kjcofxf qf}d pfu pfkucf} zud}k`f.

Nvu}ofnu Mkiknjf

K nvu}ofnu mkiknjf ckz mffn vnef}ukbfn ud jcfjb ucku ucf IKK oz dh zvhjofnu zoqf udfnzv}f nvu}ofnuz k}f kzzoloikufe my ucf zdoiz kne xf`fukuodn. Ucf ldefi vzfe cf}f oz

mkzfe dn k zolwiozuoj lfucdedid`y) mvu olw}dxfz dn ucoz my onjd}wd}kuon` ld}f

xk}okmifz on ucf }fzwfjuoxf nvu}ofnu jyjifz ud ld}f kjjv}kufiy ldefi kjuvki w}djfzzfz.

Ou kjbndpife`fz ucku k w}dwd}uodn dh nou}d`fn poii mf }fukonfe on ucf zdoi uc}dv`c

w}djfzzfz zvjc kz lonf}kiozkuodn #ucf jdnxf}zodn dh d}`knoj nou}d`fn ud klldnok/ kne

xdikuoiozkuodn #@fk}y kne @k}enf} ;??8/. Ou kizd kjjdvnuz hd} j}dw `}dpuc }kufz #kne

cfnjf nvu}ofnu vwukbf }kufz/ hd} k uywojki wkzuv}f.

Zdlf kzzvlwuodnz vzfe on ucf ldefiion` hdiidp1

Cye}kvioj idkeon` 357 I$eky2

Nou}d`fn jdnjfnu}kuodn on fhvfnu :7 l`$IR;\2

Nou}d`fn wf}jfnuk`f idzu ud zdoi w}djfzzfz =7&

Kf}kufe Pkzufpkuf} U}fkulfnu

zyzuflz kne Zkne Hoiuf}z k}f

hv}ucf} fswikonfe on ucf ndufz

dn wk`f :5.

Keeouodnki onhd}lkuodn dn

pkuf} kne nvu}ofnu mkiknjfjkijvikuodnz jkn mf hdvne on

ucf ndufz dn wk`fz :5:0.

; Uduki nvu}ofnu jdnjfnu}kuodnz mkzfedn uywojki fhvfnu {vkiouy h}dl k

zfjdnek}y u}fkulfnu zyzufl.


20/41

;? Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Wcdzwcd}vz jdnjfnu}kuodn on fhvfnu ;7 l`$IR;\2

J}ouojki nvu}ofnu idkeon` }kufz ==7 b`$ck$yfk} #87 l`$l=$eky/ hd} nou}d`fn kne

67 b`$ck$yfk} #;5 l`$l=$eky/ hd} wcdzwcd}vz R=\2

Zdoi wcdzwcd}vz zd}wuodn jkwkjouy ::06 b`$ck dh zdoi R:\2

W}dwd}uodn dh wcdzwcd}vz zd}wuodn jkwkjouy vuoiozfe 67&2 kne

Efzo`n iohf dh zyzufl , 67 yfk}z2

Ucf k}fk }f{vo}fe hd} nou}d`fn kzzoloikuodn oz :5; z{vk}f lfu}fz) pcoif wcdzwcd}vz

}f{vo}fz :88 z{vk}f lfu}fz.

Zvllk}y kne Eozjvzzodn

Ucf w}fhf}}fe o}}o`kuodn k}fk oz mkzfe dn ucf ik}`f} dh ucf pkuf} kne nvu}ofnu mkiknjf

jkijvikuodnz. Kn k}fk dh ku ifkzu :07 z{vk}f lfu}fz lvzu mf w}dxoefe. Ou oz pd}uc

nduon` ucku ucf ldefiion` onjivefz zfxf}ki zo`nojknu hkjud}z dh jdnzf}xkuozl1

Cye}kvioj idke #357 I $eky/ ucoz kzzvlfz 8 wfdwif poii wf}lknfnuiy djjvwy k

5,mfe}ddl }fzoefnjf. Ou oz iobfiy ucku ucf kjuvki djjvwknjy poii mf ifzz uckn ucoz2

H}dl ucf nvu}ofnu mkiknjfz) on ucf kmzfnjf dh zouf zwfjoj ekuk xf}y jdnzf}xkuoxf

fzuolkufz dh j}dw nvu}ofnu vwukbf }kufz kne uduki nou}d`fn idzu ud zdoi w}djfzzfz ckxfmffn kedwufe.

6.8.5 Zouon` kne Jdn`v}kuodn dh ucf Ikne Kwwiojkuodn K}fk

Ou oz w}fhf}kmif ud bffw ucf o}}o`kuodn k}fk kz co`c dn ucf w}dwf}uy kz wdzzomif kne k

lksolvl eozuknjf h}dl ucf upd onuf}louufnu pkuf}pkyz. Ucf w}fhf}}fe k}fk oz udpk}ez

ucf fkzuf}n mdvnek}y. Ho`v}f = zcdpz kn fnxfidwf dh ikne ucku oz zvoukmif hd} fhvfnu

lknk`flfnu) kiucdv`c ucoz fnxfidwf oz lvjc ik}`f} uckn ucf lonolvl }f{vo}fe. Kn

dvuf} fnxfidwf edvmion` ucf zoqf dh ucf IKK oz oefnuofe ud w}dxoef ucf nfjfzzk}y

keeouodnki k}fk hd} k }fzf}xf fie) on kjjd}eknjf pouc FWK #=77:m/. Ucf jiofnu oz

kiidpfe fsomoiouy on zfifjuon` ucf nki idjkuodn kne jdn`v}kuodn dh ucf o}}o`kuodn

zyzufl) w}dxoefe ou }flkonz poucon ucoz fnxfidwf. Ho`v}f = zcdpz kww}dsolkufiy ud

zjkif ucf lonolvl k}fk }f{vo}fe kjjd}eon` ud ucf pkuf} kne nvu}ofnu mkiknjf.

Pcoizu ucf}f oz klwif k}fk hd} kwwiojkuodn dh fhvfnu) ou oz olwd}uknu ucku mvhhf}

eozuknjfz ud ucf pkuf}pkyz mf kecf}fe ud. Ou oz olwd}uknu ud nduf ucku mvhhf}z k}f

lfkzv}fe kz ucf dxf}ikne dp wkuc hd} }vn,dhh pkuf} h}dl ucf fhvfnu o}}o`kuodn k}fk.

Ho`v}f = zcdpz ucf jdnudv}z kne dp wkuc eo}fjuodnz dn ucf w}dwf}uy.

Ucf k}fk lvzu mf zvmeoxoefe onud ku ifkzu upd zfwk}kuf fiez #lonolvl ;36 l= fkjc/

ucku jkn mf pkuf}fe kiuf}nkufiy. Kn kvudlkuoj onefson` xkixf `fnf}ojkiiy bndpn kz k

}dud,xkixf jkn mf vzfe ud kiidp kiuf}nkuodn mfupffn ucf k}fkz pouc fkjc wvlw jyjif.

Ou oz }fjdllfnefe ucku ucf dpnf} jdnzviu kn o}}o`kuodn fswf}u hkloiok} pouc pkzufpkuf}

o}}o`kuodn f{vowlfnu) ud cfiw efzo`n kne onzukii ucf o}}o`kuodn zyzufl. Ucf o}}o`kuodn

wikn lvzu fnzv}f `dde) fxfn kwwiojkuodn dh fhvfnu.

6.8.6 O}}o`kuodn Zyzufl Efzj}owuodn

K efukoife o}}o`kuodn zyzufl efzo`n oz mfydne ucf zjdwf dh ucoz }fwd}u) cdpfxf} k

`fnf}ki efzj}owuodn dh zvmzv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn oz w}dxoefe cf}f hd} ucf onhd}lkuodn dh ucf

jiofnu kne Jdvnjoi.

Zvmzv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn jdlw}ozfz k nfupd}b dh e}ow,o}}o`kuodn ionfz ucku oz zwfjokiiy

efzo`nfe hd} vzf pouc pkzufpkuf}. Ucf wowf jdnukonz w}fzzv}f jdlwfnzkuon` flouuf}z

ucku flwidy k modjoef ud w}fxfnu mvoie,vw dh ziolfz kne oncomou }ddu wfnfu}kuodn. Ucf

ikuf}kiz k}f vzvkiiy 7.8 ud ;.7 l kwk}u) }dv`ciy wk}kiifi kne kidn` ucf jdnudv} oh

wdzzomif. Onzukiikuodn efwuc oz jdlldniy ;77,;67 ll. Ou oz j}ouojki ucku ucf o}}o`kuodn

wvlw mf zoqfe w}dwf}iy ud fnzv}f kef{vkuf w}fzzv}f kne efioxf}y }kuf ud ucf o}}o`kuodnnfupd}b.

Edfz ucf zvllk}y kne

eozjvzzodn e}kp dn ucf

kzzfzzlfnu4 Oz ucoz zfjuodn

p}ouufn on wikon Fn`iozc4 Zff

ucf ndufz dn wk`f :0 hd} ld}f

onhd}lkuodn.

; Uduki nvu}ofnu jdnjfnu}kuodnz mkzfe

dn uywojki fhvfnu {vkiouy h}dl k

zfjdnek}y u}fkulfnu zyzufl.

= J}ouojki nvu}ofnu idkeon` }kufz k}f

mkzfe dn j}dw vwukbf ekuk kxkoikmif

hd} wkzuv}f j}dwz on Xojud}ok #FWK

Xojud}ok ;??;/. Ucf idpfzu vwukbf

}kufz wvmiozcfe hd} k uywojki losfe

wkzuv}f ckxf mffn vzfe.

: Zdoi wcdzwcd}vz zd}wuodn jkwkjouy

pkz fzuolkufe vzon` onhd}lkuodn

h}dl Zdoi Iknezjkwf lkwwon` ekuk.


21/41

=7 Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

K iuf} oz onzukiife on ucf lkon ionf ud }fldxf nf wk}uojvikufz ucku jdvie midjb ucf

flouuf}z. Ucoz lvzu mf jifknfe }f`vik}iy hdiidpon` lknvhkjuv}f}z onzu}vjuodnz.

Xkjvvl m}fkbf}z zcdvie mf onzukiife ku ucf co`c wdonu$z on ucf zyzufl ud w}fxfnu ko}

kne zdoi mfon` zvjbfe mkjb onud ucf e}owwf}z pcfn ucf wvlw zcvuz dhh. Hivzcon`

xkixfz k}f kn olwd}uknu jdlwdnfnu kne kiidp wf}odeoj vzcon` dh ucf ionfz) pcojc

zcdvie mf ednf ku ifkzu yfk}iy. Hivzc pkuf} jkn mf foucf} }fuv}nfe ud ucf u}fkulfnu

zyzufl) d} zcdvie mf }fifkzfe pcf}f ou poii mf }fkeoiy kmzd}mfe.

Kii u}fnjcon` vzfe ud onzukii ucf wowfz lvzu mf mkjbiife w}dwf}iy ud w}fxfnuw}fhf}fnuoki zvmzv}hkjf dpz kidn` u}fnjc ionfz) wk}uojvik}iy pcf}f u}fnjcfz k}f ndu

kmzdivufiy wk}kiifi ud jdnudv}z. O}}o`kuodn k}fkz zcdvie ndu mf zvmafju ud co`c u}khj

ldxflfnu) fzwfjokiiy my xfcojifz) ducf}pozf jdlwkjuodn k}dvne flouuf}z jkn ifke ud

w}flkuv}f zyzufl hkoiv}f.

6.8.8 Mvhhf} Eozuknjfz

Mvhhf} eozuknjfz h}dl IKKz k}f }f{vo}fe ud cfiw w}fxfnu cvlkn jdnukju) lkonukon

wvmioj klfnouy kne w}dufju zfnzouoxf fnxo}dnlfnuz. Jdvnjoi `fnf}kiiy kedwuz ucf

hdiidpon` ndlonki mvhhf}z) efzj}omfe on FWK Xoj #=77:m/1

=7 lfu}fz h}dl wdukmif d} ndn,wdukmif `}dvnepkuf} md}fz2

87 lfu}fz h}dl pkuf}jdv}zfz ucku k}f ndn,wdukmif2 kne

;77 lfu}fz h}dl pkuf}jdv}zfz on k wdukmif pkuf} zvwwiy jkujclfnu.

8 lfu}fz oh k}fk vw,`}keofnu kne : lfu}fz oh k}fk edpn,`}keofnu dh w}dwf}uy

mdvnek}ofz) zpollon` wddiz kne mvoieon`z.

Kii ndlonki mvhhf}z k}f kjcofxkmif.

6.0 Ldnoud}on`) Dwf}kuodn kne Lkonufnknjf

Lkonufnknjf oz ud mf jk}}ofe dvu on kjjd}eknjf pouc ucf jf}uojkuf dh kww}dxki kne

Jdvnjoiz wf}lou jdneouodnz. Ucf zyzufl w}dwdzfe kmdxf poii dniy hvnjuodn kef{vkufiy

oh kww}dw}okufiy lkonukonfe. ]fzoefnuz poii mf }f{vo}fe ud jk}}y dvu lkonufnknjf kzeozjvzzfe mfidp.

Ud fnzv}f ucf u}fkulfnu zyzufl hvnjuodnz kef{vkufiy) }fzoefnuz lvzu1

Ckxf k zvoukmiy {vkiofe lkonufnknjf jdnu}kjud} zf}xojf ucf KPUZ fxf}y uc}ff

ldnucz) kz }f{vo}fe my Jdvnjoi vnef} ucf kww}dxki ud dwf}kuf.

Vzf cdvzfcdie jifknon` w}devjuz zwk}on`iy kne jcfjb ucku ucfy k}f zvoukmif hd}

zfwuoj uknbz2

Bffw kz lvjc hku kne doi dvu dh ucf zyzufl kz wdzzomif2 kne

Jdnzf}xf pkuf}.

Ud fnzv}f ucf ikne kwwiojkuodn zyzufl hvnjuodnz kef{vkufiy) }fzoefnuz lvzu1

]f`vik}iy ck}xfzu #ldp/ xf`fukuodn poucon ucf IKK kne }fldxf ucoz ud lksolozf

vwukbf dh pkuf} kne nvu}ofnuz2

Ldnoud} kne lkonukon ucf zvmzv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn zyzufl hdiidpon` ucf lknvhkjuv}f}z

}fjdllfnekuodnz) onjiveon` vzcon` dh o}}o`kuodn ionfz2

]f`vik}iy jifkn on,ionf iuf}z2

Ndu f}fju kny zu}vjuv}fz dxf} ucf IKK2

Lonolozf xfcojif kjjfzz ud ucf IKK) ud w}fxfnu jdlwkjuodn2 kne

Fnzv}f ucku ucf IKK oz bfwu ifxfi my iion` kny efw}fzzodnz pouc `dde {vkiouy udwzdoi

#ndu jiky/.


22/41

=; Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Pkuf} Jdnzf}xkuodn kne Olw}dxon` Pkzufpkuf} [vkiouy

@dde pkuf} jdnzf}xkuodn oz kn olwd}uknu kzwfju on ucf dxf}kii lknk`flfnu dh

dnzouf zyzuflz. Ou poii mf olwd}uknu hd} ucf dn`don` wf}hd}lknjf dh mduc ucf

u}fkulfnu kne ikne kwwiojkuodn zyzufl ucku ucfy k}f ndu dxf}idkefe cye}kviojkiiy.

KKK }kufe wivlmon` oz }fjdllfnefe hd} kii hvuv}f pkuf} suv}fz.

6.3 Zud}lpkuf} Lknk`flfnu

Kz lfnuodnfe kmdxf) zud}lpkuf} }vn dn oz ndu fswfjufe ud mf k jdnjf}n on ucoz jkzf.

Cdpfxf}) ucf jdnzu}vjuodn kne lkonufnknjf dh eoxf}zodn e}konz pdvie w}dxoef kn

keeouodnki w}fjkvuodn. ]ddh zud}lpkuf} lvzu ndu mf eozwdzfe on ucf IKK.

6.? Jdnjivzodnz

Kz k }fzviu dh dv} onxfzuo`kuodnz pf }fjdllfne ucku k zvzukonkmif dnzouf pkzufpkuf}

lknk`flfnu zyzufl jkn mf mvoiu ud lffu ucf nffez dh k nfp hdv},mfe}ddl }fzoefnjf

ku Idu 686) Mvnekik`vkc ]dke) Lkhh}k.

Zwfjojkiiy) pf }fjdllfne ucf hdiidpon`1

Zfjdnek}y u}fkulfnu dh pkzufpkuf} on foucf} kn Kf}kufe Pkzufpkuf} U}fkulfnuZyzufl #KPUZ/) d} onuf}louufnuiy,edzfe zon`if,wkzz zkne iuf}2

Ikne kwwiojkuodn dh pkzufpkuf} on k :07 l= zvmzv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn k}fk zvmeoxoefe

onud ku ifkzu upd zfwk}kuf fiez. K pkuf} }dud} poii mf vzfe ud edzf idke ucf upd

fiez kiuf}nkufiy2

Onzukiikuodn dh pkuf} zkxon` efxojfz on ucf nfp }fzoefnjf ud }fevjf ucf fhvfnu idke

hd} dnzouf eozwdzki2

Vzf dh idp wcdzwcd}vz kne idp zdeovl #io{voe/ efuf}`fnuz ud olw}dxf fhvfnu

{vkiouy kne lkonukon zdoi w}dwf}uofz2

Dwf}kuodn kne lknk`flfnu dh ucf u}fkulfnu kne eozwdzki zyzufl on kjjd}eknjf

pouc lknvhkjuv}f}z }fjdllfnekuodnz kne ucf }fjdllfnekuodnz lkef on ucoz

}fwd}u2 kne

Jdnzu}vjuodn dh eoxf}zodn e}konz dn ucf vwzidwf zoef dh ucf IKK ud eoxf}u

zud}lpkuf}.

K}f ucf }fjdllfnekuodnz jifk}iy

}fikufe ud ucf dvujdlfz dh ucf

onxfzuo`kuodn4 Oz ucoz zfjuodn

p}ouufn on wikon Fn`iozc4


23/41

== Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Fnxo}dnlfnu W}dufjuodn Kvucd}ouy #;??;/. @voefionfz hd} Pkzufpkuf} O}}o`kuodnWvmiojkuodn ;83.

Fnxo}dnlfnu W}dufjuodn Kvucd}ouy #=77:k/. Wvmiojkuodn 058.; Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu hd}

Dnzouf Edlfzuoj Pkzufpkuf} Lknk`flfnu.

Fnxo}dnlfnu W}dufjuodn Kvucd}ouy #=77:m/. Wvmiojkuodn 3?; Zfwuoj Uknbz Jdef dh W}kjuojf.

@fk}y) W. kne @k}enf}) F. #;??8/. Dn,zouf Eozwdzki dh Fhvfnu. On W}djffeon`z h}dl ucf dnf eky

jdnhf}fnjf Onndxkuoxf Kww}dkjcfz ud ucf Lknk`flfnu dh Pkzuf kne Pkuf}) Iozld}f ;??8.

Ozmfii) ].H. #;??8/. Ucf Kvzu}kiokn Zdoi Jikzzojkuodn. JZO]D Wvmiozcon`) Lfimdv}nf.

Zk}`fknu kne Olcdh #=777/. Lkad} K`}ojviuv}ki Zdoiz dh ucf Lkhh}k ]f`odn. Efwk}ulfnu dh

Nkuv}ki ]fzdv}jfz kne Fnxo}dnlfnu) Xojud}ok) Kvzu}kiok.

Zuknek}ez Kvzu}kiok $ Zuknek}ez Nfp Qfkikne #=777/. KZ$NQZ ;6501=777 Dn,zouf Edlfzuoj,

pkzufpkuf} Lknk`flfnu.

VZFWK #=77=/. Dnzouf Pkzufpkuf} U}fkulfnu Zyzuflz Lknvki. Vnoufe Zukufz Fnxo}dnlfnuki

W}dufjuodn K`fnjy.

Kwwfneos ; Zdoi W}difz

]fhf}fnjfz

kne Kwwfneojfz

Jckwuf} 8


24/41

=: Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Fnxo}dlfnuki Jdnzviuknuz Wuy Iue

Bfy ud Zdoi Md}fid`zZylmdiz

Ldozuv}f jdneouodn

@}kwcoj id` kne ufsuv}fz


25/41


26/41



27/41


Ucfzf ndufz fswikon ucf ufjcnojki fiflfnuz jdnukonfe on Zfjuodn 6 dh ucoz edjvlfnu) ucf Ldefi

IJK ]fwd}u. Ucfy ckxf mffn efzo`nfe ud co`cio`cu olwd}uknu k}fkz dh onhd}lkuodn ucku

fnxo}dnlfnuki cfkiuc dhjf}z) d} ducf} jdvnjoi dhjf}z) zcdvie jcfjb hd} kne vnef}zukne ,

pcfn }fxofpon` kn IJK.

Zfjuodn 6.;1 Uouif kne Onu}devjuodn

Ucf uouif wk`f dh ucf IJK nffez ud zukuf jifk}iy ucf idjkuodn dh ucf zouf) pcojc zcdvie onjivef Idu

d} zu}ffu nvlmf}) kne ucf udpn. Ucf IJK zcdvie mf ekufe) kne onhd}lkuodn }f`k}eon` ucf nklf

dh ucf iknedpnf}) kne nklf kne jdnukju efukoiz dh ucf wf}zdn$z jk}}yon` dvu ucf IJK zcdvie mfw}dxoefe. Ucoz onhd}lkuodn oz olwd}uknu hd} ucf dhjf} kzzfzzon` ucf kwwiojkuodn zd ucfy jkn

jdnukju ucf jdnzviuknu d} iknedpnf}.

Ucf onu}devjuodn zcdvie w}dxoef kn dxf}xofp dh ucf IJK) wk}uojvik}iy ucf zouf hfkuv}fz kne ucf

lkon jdnzu}konuz ud dn,zouf pkzufpkuf} lknk`flfnu.

Ou oz efzo}kmif ucku kny IJK wf}hd}lfe ckz k zu}dn` {vkiouy kzzv}knjf${vkiouy jdnu}di kww}dkjc

ud fnzv}f k co`c {vkiouy w}devju kne jdnefnjf hd} ucdzf ucku vzf ou. Ucf onu}devjuodn zfjuodn

dh kn IJK zcdvie w}dxoef efukoiz dh {vkiouy kzzv}knjf w}djfzzfz vnef}ukbfn) hd} fsklwif) cdp

j}ouf}ok pf}f zfu) cdp ucf ekuk pkz dmukonfe) kne ucf lfucde vzfe ud dmukon ucf ekuk. FWK

#=77:m/ Zfjuodn :.= efzj}omfz ucf kuu}omvufz }f{vo}fe my kn IJK kzzfzzd}. Ucfzf nfjfzzk}y

kuu}omvufz zcdvie kizd mf jifk}iy zukufe on ucf onu}devjuodn ud fnkmif jdvnjoi ud ckxf k co`c

ef`}ff dh jdnefnjf kne jf}ukonuy pouc }f`k}ez ud ucf jdnjivzodnz on ucf }fwd}u.

Zfjuodn 6.=1 Efzj}owuodn dh ucf Efxfidwlfnu

Ucoz zfjuodn zcdvie w}dxoef `fnf}ki onhd}lkuodn kmdvu ucf zouf) zvjc kz kee}fzz) dpnf}zcow)

Jdvnjoi) qdnon`) pkuf} zvwwiy) nfk}fzu zfpf} ionf d} iobfiocdde dh zfpf} kxkoikmoiouy on ucf hvuv}f

#onjiveon` zfpf} mkjbid` w}d`}klz mduc v}mkn kne }f`odnki/ kz kexozfe my ucf pkuf}

kvucd}ouy) kxkoikmoiouy dh ducf} zf}xojfz #hd} fsklwif `kz kne fifju}ojouy/) kne knuojowkufe

pkzufpkuf} idke. Ou oz kizd olwd}uknu ucku ucf w}dwdzfe efxfidwlfnu oz efzj}omfe) hd} fsklwif k

hdv} mfe}ddl w}oxkuf epfiion`. Vzfhvi onhd}lkuodn jkn kizd mf dmukonfe ku ucoz wdonu h}dl ucf

iknecdief} d} nfk}my }fzoefnuz. Ucoz onhd}lkuodn lky }fikuf ud ucf zdoiz) jiolkuf d} dxf}ikne

dpz. Ucf zd}uz dh {vfzuodnz ucku jdvie mf kzbfe onjivef1

Jkn ydv `fu dn ucoz ikne pouc k xfcojif #jk}/ ku kii uolfz dh ucf yfk}4

Oh ndu) ev}on` pcojc wk}u dh ucf ponuf},zw}on` poii ydv `fu md``fe4 Oz ucf zdoi zwfpy pcfn ou oz pfu4

Ed ydv fxf} zff kny pkuf} iyon` dn ucf zv}hkjf hd} ld}f uckn zfxf}ki ekyz4

Ed ydv} jkuuif d} cd}zfz jkvzf lvjc wv``on`4

Pcku ckz ucf ikne mffn vzfe hd} on ucf wkzu4 J}dwwon` #pcku j}dwz4/ d} `}kqon`4

Ucoz jdvie w}dxoef onhd}lkuodn kmdvu ucf jdneouodn dh ucf ikne ev}on` j}ouojki uolfz.

Ucf pkzufpkuf} idke zcdvie mf jkijvikufe kjjd}eon` ud ucf w}djfev}f w}dxoefe on FWK

#=77:m/) wk}uojvik}iy Ukmif 5.6 #pcf}f pkzufpkuf} idkez eohhf} h}dl ucdzf iozufe on Ukmif 5.6 ucf

jdnzviuknu lvzu efldnzu}kuf ucf }fkzdnz kne zjofnjf mfcone ou/. Ucoz kiidpz djjvwknjy ud mf

jkijvikufe my ucf nvlmf} dh mfe}ddlz wivz upd) lviuowiofe my ucf uywojki ekoiy dp kiidpknjf.

Ekoiy pkzufpkuf} idkez ifzz uckn =77 iou}fz wf} eky k}f wf}lozzomif dniy pcf}f }ddh pkuf} dniy oz

vzfe) poucdvu zvwwiflfnukuodn #FWK =77:m/.

Fswiknkud}y Ndufz

ud ucf IJK

Jckwuf} 0


28/41


Zfjuodn 6.:1 Zouf Bfy Hfkuv}fz

Ucf wv}wdzf dh ucoz zfjuodn oz ud efxfidw ucf kww}dw}okuf IJK j}ouf}ok hd} kzzfzzlfnu kne `kucf}

ekuk hd} kii ucf j}ouf}ok efxfidwfe. IJK j}ouf}ok lky onjivef efnon` ucf bfy hfkuv}fz dh ucf ikne

kne zdoiz ucku poii efnf ucf jkwkmoiouy dh ucf zouf ud kzzoloikuf dn,zouf pkzufpkuf}. Upd wiknz

zcdvie mf w}dxoefe on ucoz zfjuodn. Ucf }zu oz k Idjkiouy Wikn) pcojc zcdpz ucf idjkuodn dh ucf

zouf poucon ucf poef} idjki jdnufsu. Ou jkn mf w}dxoefe dn k nvlmf} dh mkzfz) mvu k udwd`}kwcoj

mkzf poii kiidp ucf }fkef} ud zff ucf idjki iknehd}l kne w}fzfnjf dh ikne hfkuv}fz zvjc kz

pkuf}jdv}zfz. Ou oz kizd olwd}uknu ucku ucf nfk}fzu udpn kne nklfz dh }dkez kne onh}kzu}vjuv}f)

oh kwwiojkmif) ckz mffn zcdpn dn ucf lkw. Ucf zfjdne wikn ucku zcdvie mf onjivefe on ucoz

zfjuodn oz ucf Zouf Wikn. Ucoz wikn zcdvie) kz k lonolvl) zcdp1

Ucf idjkuodn dh w}dwf}uy mdvnek}ofz2

Pkuf}jdv}zfz kne eklz2

Nfk}fzu }dke2

K lonolvl dh ;7 lfu}f jdnudv} onuf}xki2

Ucf w}dwdzfe mvoieon` fnxfidwf2

Ucf w}dwdzfe IKK fnxfidwf2

Hidde ifxfiz2 kne

K nd}uc wdonu kne zjkif.

Ukmif 0 w}dxoefz k iozu dh bfy hfkuv}fz pcojc zcdvie mf jdxf}fe on k IJK) w}fhf}}fe wk}klfuf}z

hd} ucfzf hfkuv}fz) kne ucf }fkzdnz pcy ucfzf hfkuv}fz onvfnjf zouf jkwkmoiouy.

Ukmif 0 Zouf Hfkuv}fz kne ucfo} ]fifxknjf ud Dn,zouf Pkzufpkuf}

Zouf Hfkuv}f W}fhf}}fe Jck}kjuf}ozuoj Dvujdlf hd} dn,zouf pkzufpkuf} lknk`flfnu

Jiolkuf Nfu fxkwd}kuodn on fsjfzz dh }konhkii Kiidp }fkuf} }fuv}n dh cye}kvioj idke ud cye}did`oj

jyjif) hkxdv}z kf}kufe zdoi w}dif.

Nfu fxkwd}kuodn on fsjfzz dh }fukonfe }konhkii Zv}hkjf ldeofe ud zcfe co`cf} w}dwd}uodn dh }konhkii

kpky h}dl IKK.

Hidde wdufnuoki Kmdxf ; on =7 yfk} dde jdnudv} Zvmzv}hkjf kwwiojkuodn w}fhf}}fe on dde w}dnf k}fk

Kmdxf ; on ;77 yfk} dde jdnudv} Lky mf jkwkmif dh zv}hkjf kwwiojkuodn

Fifju}ojki kne jdnu}di jdlwdnfnuz w}dufjufe

h}dl ddeon`

Pkuf} ukmif

#efwuc h}dl mkzf dh

IKK/

> 7.8 l hd} jikyz)

7.8 ;.= l hd} idklz

> ;.= l hd} zknez

W}dxoefz zvhjofnu zdoi ud kuufnvkuf cye}kvioj kne nvu}ofnu

idkez kne }dduon` efwuc ud lonolozf }ozb dh wdiivuodn dh

`}dvnepkuf} kne w}dufju mfnfjoki vzfz kz oefnuofe on

ZFWW @}dvnepkuf}z dh Xojud}ok.

Eozuknjf ud zv}hkjf

pkuf}

Hidp wkuc) zlkiif} d} }fkuf} uckn mvhhf} eozuknjf

}f{vo}flfnu) on FWK Wvmiojkuodn 3?; #=77:m/

]fevjfe }ozb dh olwkju dh fhvfnu dn zv}hkjf pkuf} kne

w}dufjuodn dh mfnfjoki vzfz kz oefnuofe on ZFWW

@}dvnepkuf}z dh Xojud}ok.

Fswdzv}f Nd}ucf}n kzwfju) co`c fswdzv}f ud zvn) idp zckef) pfii

xfnuoikufe k}fk

Lksolozf zdik} fnf}`y olwkju dn fxkwdu}knzwo}kuodn kne

w}dxoef lksolvl ko},dp dxf} kwwiojkuodn k}fk

Zidwf 9 =6& Kiidpz jdnzu}vjuodn dh kwwiojkuodn k}fkz pouc lonolki }ozb

dh f}dzodn) idzz dh zidwf zukmoiouy d} onj}fkzfe }vndhh h}dl

kwwiojkuodn k}fk

> =6& ]vn,dn jdnu}diz kxdoe keeouodnki cye}kvioj idkeon`.

Zwfjoki jdnzu}vjuodn jdneouodnz }f{vo}fe) }vn,dn

kne }vndhh jdnu}diz ld}f j}ouojki) `}fkuf} iobfiocdde dh

zcd}u jo}jvouon`

Iknehd}l Zckwf dh iknezjkwf ucku hkxdv}z zcfeeon` dh kwwiofe

fhvfnu) zw}fkez }konhkii }vndhh) kxdoez wdneon` d}

jdnjfnu}kuodn dh }vndhh

Lksolozfz zw}fkeon` dh fhvfnu kne nkuv}ki }konhkii

kj}dzz ucf iknezjkwf) }fevjfz wdufnuoki pfu zwduz

Iknezjkwf wdzouodn Fifxkufe kne loe,zidwf wdzouodnz Co`cf} wdzouodnz }fevjf }ozb dh }vn,dn kne vwzidwf

zffwk`f

Idpf} wdzouodnz ]vn,dn jdnu}diz kne }kozfe IKK


29/41


Zouf Hfkuv}f W}fhf}}fe Jck}kjuf}ozuoj Dvujdlf hd} dn,zouf pkzufpkuf} lknk`flfnu

F}dzodn wdufnuoki Zukmif zidwfz) pfii `}kzzfe zv}hkjf) zcd}u dp wkucz W}fxfnuodn dh zdoi f}dzodn

Zv}hkjf e}konk f Pfii jdnudv}fe iknezjkwf zcfez }konhkii ollfeokufiy

khuf} }kon

Ik}`f} w}dwd}uodn dh }konhkii jdnu}omvufz ud }vndhh) }fkuf}

zdoi ldozuv}f efjou fnjdv}k`fe

Ldeojkuodnz ud zv}hkjf ud hkxdv} mfuuf} zv}hkjf e}konk`f

Zvmzv}hkjf e}konk`f Hfp lduuifz) pfii,e}konfe onuf}nkiiy Lksolozfz zdoi kzzoloikuodn dh fhvfnu

Jvu,dhh e}konz lky kiifxokuf w}dmifl

Efwuc mfidp

kwwiojkuodn wdonu ud

}fzu}ojuoxf cd}oqdn

> 7.8 l hd} jikyz)

7.8 ;.= l hd} idklz

> ;.= l hd} zknez

W}dxoefz zvhjofnu zdoi ud kef{vkufiy }fevjf wkucd`fn kne

nvu}ofnu idkez. Zvhjofnu efwuc hd} kuufnvkuodn dh

cye}kvioj idke kne }dduon` efwuc

Nduf1 Olwd}ufe zdoi lky onj}fkzf zdoi efwuc

Olwd}ufe Hoii Vnohd}l ii pouc nd zo`nz dh zkionouy d} kjoe zviwckuf

zdoi jdnuklonkuodn. Hoii lkuf}oki pouc hkxdv}kmif

cye}kvioj kne wiknu zvwwd}uon` {vkiouofz

Olwd}ufe ii lky dxf}jdlf idjkiozfe efjofnjofz on

nkuv}ki iknezjkwf.

Ikne k}fk K}fk kxkoikmif hd} kzzoloikuodn dh cye}kvioj) nvu}ofnu

idkez) mvhhf} eozuknjfz kne ioxon` zwkjfz

Lonolozfz }ozb dh dhh,zouf fhhfjuz) wdufnuoki keeouodn ud

jvlvikuoxf fhhfjuz idp.

Keeouodnki u}fkulfnu w}od} ud zdoi kwwiojkuodn

]djbz kne }djb

dvuj}dwz

9 =7& dh kwwiojkuodn k}fk djjvwofe my ik}`f }djbz

#dxf} =77 ll/

Lksolozfz zdoi kxkoikmif hd} fhvfnu kwwiojkuodn kne fxfn

eozu}omvuodn poucon zdoi w}dif

@fdid`y$]f`diouc Onuf`}ouy dh zdoi kwwiojkuodn k}fk kz u}fkulfnu zyzufl W}dxoefz lksolvl u}fkulfnu pouc idp }ozb dh dhh,zouf

fhhfjuz d} zcd}u jo}jvou ud `}dvnepkuf}

Ucf ekuk w}dxoefe on ucf bfy hfkuv}fz zfjuodn zcdvie mf jdn}lfe my jdvnjoi uc}dv`c

k efzbudw }fxofp dh kxkoikmif ekuk kz pfii kz k zouf xozou.

Ukmif 3 Zouf Bfy Hfkuv}fz Fswikonfe

Hfkuv}f

Jiolkuf Jiolkuoj kxf}k`fz #}konhkii/ hd} ucf k}fk zcdvie mf dmukonfe h}dl ucf Mv}fkv dh Lfufd}did`y #ppp.mdl.

`dx.kv/. Ucf zouf jdnukonz k lkw ucku kiidpz ucf xofpf} ud efuf}lonf ucf lfufd}did`ojki zukuodn ucku oz

jidzfzu ud ucf zouf. Ou oz efzo}kmif ud vzf ekuk ucku ldzu }ffjuz ucf zoufz jiolkuf. Ou oz kizd efzo}kmif ud

vzf k zukuodn ucku ckz k idn` }fjd}e kne ucku ckz wkn fxkwd}kuodn ekuk. ]konhkii kne fxkwd}kuodn ekuk oz

}f{vo}fe ud efuf}lonf ucf pkuf} mkiknjf hd} ucf zouf kne cfnjf ucf ikne }f{vo}fe ud kzzoloikuf ucf

knuojowkufe pkzufpkuf} idke. Ucf Mv}fkv dh Lfufd}did`y kizd w}dxoef kjjfzz dn ucfo} pfmzouf ud Ekuk E}oii)

pcojc oz onuf}wdikufe jiolkuoj ekuk) vzfhvi hd} zoufz pcf}f ucf}f oz ndu k }fw}fzfnukuoxf pfkucf} zukuodn

nfk}my.

Fswdzv}f Ucoz wk}klfuf} zcdvie mf efuf}lonfe on ucf fie h}dl nduon` ucf kldvnu dh u}ff jdxf} #pcojc w}dxoefz

zckeon`/) kne ucf eo}fjuodn ucku ucf zidwfz hkjf pcf}f ikne kwwiojkuodn dh fhvfnu oz iobfiy ud ukbf wikjf.

Xf`fukuodn Ku ucf efzb,udw ifxfi) fsozuon` onhd}lkuodn dn ucf xf`fukuodn dh ucf k}fk lky mf dmukonfe #hd} fsklwif

h}dl ppp.ewo.xoj.`dx.kv$ewo$x}d/) ud efuf}lonf ucf nkuoxf xf`fukuodn dh ucf k}fk. On ucf fie) ucf m}dke

uywfz dh xf`fukuodn kne ucfo} ifxfi dh jdxf} jkn mf ndufe. #Ucf ifxfi dh efukoi jdiifjufe hd} ucoz hfkuv}f poii

efuf}lonfe my ucf fswf}uozf dh ucf kzzfzzd}./

Iknehd}l Ucf m}dke iknehd}l dh ucf zouf lky mf efuf}lonfe my idjkuon` ucf zouf dn k udwd`}kwcoj lkw ud efuf}lonfouz wdzouodn on ucf dxf}kii iknezjkwf hd} fsklwif dn k ddewikon d} j}fzu) kne ucfn on ucf fie ucf wdzouodn

dh ucf zouf) wk}uojvik}iy ucf w}dwdzfe IKK) zcdvie mf idjkufe on }fikuodn ud iknehd}l fiflfnuz zvjc kz

loezidwf #kne ucf zckwf dh ucf zidwf/. K vzfhvi }fhf}fnjf hd} efuf}lonon` iknehd}l oz ucf Kvzu}kiokn Zdoi

kne Ikne Zv}xfy Hofie Cknemddb#LjEdnkie fu ki) ;??7/.

Zidwf Ucf zidwf dh ucf zouf) wk}uojvik}iy ucf w}dwdzfe IKK) lky mf lfkzv}fe on ucf fie my ucf IJK jdnzviuknu

vzon` k jiondlfuf} kne }fwd}ufe on wf}jfnu zidwf.

Hoii Mduc ev}on` ucf dxf}kii zouf zv}xfy kne pcoizu efzj}omon` ucf zdoiz dh ucf zouf) ucf kzzfzzd} zcdvie dmzf}xf

pcfucf} zdoi lkuf}oki #pcojc pdvie `fnf}kiiy iddb eohhf}fnu ud ucf zouf zdoiz kne lky mf vnjdnzdioekufe d}

cfuf}d`fnfdvz/ ckz mffn olwd}ufe ud ucf zouf. Jcfjb ucku m}ofh jdllfnu kz ud ucf nkuv}f dh kny ii

fnjdvnuf}fe ckz mffn lkef kne kn fzuolkuodn dh ouz zvoukmoiouy kne jkwkjouy hd} pkzufpkuf} kwwiojkuodn

lkef.

]djbz kne ]djb Dvuj}dwz Ucf nkuv}f kne kldvnu dh }djb #wk}uojvik}iy mfe}djb mduc fnf}ki zoqf kne wf}jfnu jdxf}k`f dh zouf/

w}du}veon` h}dl ucf `}dvne ucku oz dmzf}xfe dxf} ucf zouf zcdvie mf }fjd}efe on ucf }fwd}u.


30/41

=? Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Hfkuv}f

F}dzodn Wdufnuoki Uywf kne ef`}ff dh f}dzodn w}fzfnu) kne ucf f}dzodn ckqk}e) zcdvie mf }fjd}efe. Hd} k hvii efzj}owuodn dh

f}dzodn uywfz kne ucfo} }fjd`nouodn) zff LjEdnkie fu ki) #;??7/.

Zv}hkjf Pkuf} K efzj}owuodn dh kii pkuf}jdv}zfz) wk}uojvik}iy ucfo} zoqf kne cdp dhufn ucfy dp) zcdvie mf w}dxoefe.

Jdllfnu zcdvie kizd mf lkef dn pcfucf} }oxf}z k}f on k wdukmif pkuf} zvwwiy jkujclfnu) kz efjik}fe d}

jdn}lfe my ucf }fifxknu kvucd}ouy.

@}dvnepkuf} Onhd}lkuodn dn ucf idjkuodn) efwuc) kne {vkiouy dh }dvnepkuf} md}fz jkn mf hdvne ku ppp.ewo.xoj.`dx.kv$

ewo$x}d. Kjjfzzon` ucoz onhd}lkuodn lky mf ednf ku ucf efzb,udw ifxfi dh onxfzuo`kuodn #my jcfjbon`

}fòdnki }dvnepkuf} lkwz/ kne hdiidpfe vw on k fie onxfzuo`kuodn my dmzf}xon` ucf w}fzfnjf dh kny

md}fz ku ucf zouf d} nfo`cmdv}on` w}dwf}uofz. Kizd) ucf cfo`cu dh zukneon` pkuf} on ucf zdoi zv}xfy wouz d}

cdifz zcdvie mf }fjd}efe.

Zud}lpkuf} }vn,dn kne vwzidwf

zffwk`f

Fxoefnjf dh }vn,dn ud ucf w}dwdzfe IKK zcdvie mf ndufe #zvjc kz zfeolfnu eklz dn ucf zv}hkjf/. Ucf

w}fzfnjf dh pfu }dvne d} zffwk`f vwzidwf zcdvie kizd mf }fjd}efe.

Hidde Wdufnuoki Oh wdzzomif) onhd}lkuodn }f`k}eon` ucf dde }fjv}}fnjf ifxfiz hd} ucf zouf zcdvie mf efukoife #oh Jdvnjoi

edfz ndu ki}fkey ckxf ucoz ekuk) ou lky mf kxkoikmif h}dl ucf Jkujclfnu Lknk`flfnu Kvucd}ouy/. On ucf

fie) w}dsolouy ud pkuf}jdv}zfz #mduc onuf}louufnu kne wf}lknfnu/ zcdvie mf ndufe) kz pfii kz wdzouodn on

ucf iknezjkwf #hd} fsklwif dn k ddewikon/.

Zouf E}konk`f kne zvmzv}hkjf

e}konk`f

H}dl ucf fie onxfzuo`kuodn) k }fjd}e dh dmzf}xkuodn kne k efzj}owuodn dh ucf zckwf dh ucf ikne zcdvie mf

w}dxoefe ud oneojkuf pcfucf} pkuf} poii mf zcfe d} poii zdkb on. Ucoz òxfz kn fxkivkuodn dh ucf zv}hkjf

e}konk`f. Zvmzv}hkjf e}konk`f jkn mf efuf}lonfe my ucf w}fzfnjf dh lduuife jdidv}z on ucf zdoi w}dif)

pcojc oneojkufz pkuf}id`òn`. Ucf ldozuv}f jdnufnu dh ucf zdoi ev}on` e}y wf}odez kizd }ffjuz ucf jkwkjouyhd} e}konk`f.

]fjdllfnefe Mvhhf} Eozuknjfz Pcfn zouon` ikne kwwiojkuodn k}fkz) mvhhf} zfumkjbz zcdvie mf w}dxoefe ud xk}odvz hfkuv}fz kz kww}dw}okuf

ud ucf zwfjoj zouf. @voeknjf oz w}dxoefe on Ukmif 5.8 dh FWK #=77:m/. On ucf fie) nduf ucf eozuknjf ud

}fifxknu hfkuv}fz h}dl ucoz ukmif h}dl mduc u}fkulfnu zyzuflz kne w}dwdzfe IKKz. Oh ucf mvhhf} eozuknjfz

eohhf} h}dl ucdzf }fjdllfnefe on Ukmif 5.8 dh FWK #=77:m/ kn fswiknkuodn lvzu mf w}dxoefe.

Kxkoikmif Ikne Kwwiojkuodn K}fk Efuf}lonkuodn dh ucoz wk}klfuf} onxdixfz jdlwifuodn dh ucf Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu Lku}os ud efxozf

kn dxf}kii jkwkmoiouy mkzfe dn kii dh ucf hfkuv}fz eozjvzzfe on ucoz ukmif #kne kny ducf}z efflfe

kww}dw}okuf/. Dnjf ucoz jkwkmoiouy ckz mffn efuf}lonfe) ucf k}fk ldzu zvoufe hd} ikne kwwiojkuodn dh

u}fkufe fhvfnu jkn mf jcdzfn) kne k efjozodn lkef dn ucf kef{vkjy dh ouz zoqf) ukbon` onud kjjdvnu

mvhhf} zfumkjbz.

Zfjuodn 6.5 Zdoi Kzzfzzlfnu kne Jdnzu}konuz

Ucf kol dh ucf zdoi kzzfzzlfnu oz ud efzj}omf) fxkivkuf) kne }fwd}u dn ucf jck}kjuf}ozuojz dh ucf

zdoiz w}fzfnu ku ucf zouf on d}ef} ud1

Kzzfzz ucf jkwkmoiouy dh ucf zdoiz ud lknk`f u}fkufe fhvfnu2 kne

Efzo`n k pkzufpkuf} lknk`flfnu zyzufl.

Zfjuodn 6.5.; Wvmiozcfe Zdoiz Onhd}lkuodn

Ucf }zu zufw on k zdoi kzzfzzlfnu oz ud ne wvmiozcfe zdoi onhd}lkuodn }fifxknu ud ucf k}fk kne$

d} zouf. K pfkiuc dh onhd}lkuodn oz wvmiojiy kxkoikmif) onjiveon` zdoi lkwwon`) w}dif efzj}owuodn

#pcojc dhufn onjivefz wcyzojki kne jcflojki ekuk/) kne zwfjokiozfe zdoi zuveofz d} }fzfk}jc

neon`z. Ucf Xojud}okn @dxf}nlfnuz Xojud}okn ]fzdv}jfz Dnionf #ppp.ewo.xoj.`dx.kv$ewo$x}d/oz dnf pfmzouf ucku oz wk}uojvik}iy vzfhvi hd} ucoz wv}wdzf. Kjjfzzon` ucoz onhd}lkuodn oz k `dde

pky ud jcfjb ucf zdoi zv}xfy w}dxoefe on k IJK. Ucf jdnzviuknu zcdvie efldnzu}kuf ucku ucfy

ckxf onjivefe }fzfk}jc dh wvmiozcfe zdoi onhd}lkuodn) kne joufe ucf }fifxknu onhd}lkuodn on ucf

IJK. Oh k IJK ckz }fiofe cfkxoiy dn lkwwon` ekuk jcfjb ucf zjkif dh ucf ekuk vzfe. M}dkezjkif

lkwwon` ekuk zcdvie mf vzfe pouc jkvuodn on oneoxoevki d} fxfn zvmeoxozodn zjkif IJK evf ud

zjkif kne fie xf}ojkuodn dh ucoz onhd}lkuodn zcdvie kipkyz mf vnef}ukbfn ud w}dxoef efukoife

onhd}lkuodn hd} ucf jkwkmoiouy kzzfzzlfnu.

Zfjuodn 6.5.= Zdoi Zv}xfy kne Knkiyzoz

K IJK }fwd}u zcdvie onjivef k efukoife zdoi w}dif efzj}owuodn ucku ckz mffn vnef}ukbfn dn ucf

zouf kne ucku jck}kjuf}ozfz ucf zdoiz on ucf eohhf}fnu iknehd}l fiflfnuz w}fzfnu #oh ucf}f oz ld}f

uckn dnf/. Ucoz oz olwd}uknu mfjkvzf zdoi hd}lon` w}djfzzfz k}f eohhf}fnu on eohhf}fnu fiflfnuz


31/41


32/41

:; Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Kwwfneos ; onjivefz k `}kwcoj id` kne bfy hd} ucf upd zdoi uywfz ucku djjv} dn zouf kne poucon

ucfzf efukoife onhd}lkuodn hd} fkjc zdoi ikyf} oz jdnukonfe. Ucoz onhd}lkuodn zcdpz) ku k `iknjf)

pcku ucf zdoi w}dif oz iobf) pcojc jkn kzzozu on jik}ohyon` kne vnef}zukneon` ucf zdoi

jck}kjuf}ozuojz.

Ho`v}f 5 Zdoi W}dif

Ucoz w}dif oiivzu}kufz k nvlmf} dh ucf hfkuv}fz efzj}omfe on ucf ukmif kmdxf) zvjc kz ucf

eohhf}fnu jdidv}z ucku jkn mf eozuon`vozcfe on k w}dif #m}dpn ud }feeozc,m}dpn/) kne ucf

zu}vjuv}f) pcojc jkn mf jifk}iy zffn on ucf zvmzdoi) pcf}f zvm,kn`vik} midjby wfez djjv}.

Wcdud`}kwc1 Ioq Zcfiiy

Ukmif ;7 Zdoi Wf}lfkmoiouy Jkuf`d}ofz kne Oneojkuoxf Wf}lfkmoiouy

Zdoi Wf}lfkmoiouy

Jkuf`d}y

Zdoi Ufsuv}f Zdoi Zu}vjuv}f Oneojkuoxf Wf}lfkmoiouy #l$e/

; @}kxfiz kne Zknez Zu}vjuv}fifzz > :.7

= Zkney Idklz Pfkbiy Zu}vjuv}fe

Lkzzoxf

> :.7

;.5:.7

: Idklz Co`ciy$ldef}kufiy zu}vjuv}fe

Pfkbiy Zu}vjuv}fe d} Lkzzoxf

;.6:.7

7.6;.6

5 Jiky Idklz Co`ciy$ldef}kufiy zu}vjuv}fe

Pfkbiy Zu}vjuv}fe

Lkzzoxf

7.6;.6

7.;=7.6

7.787.;=

6 Io`cu Jikyz Co`ciy$ldef}kufiy zu}vjuv}fe

Pfkbiy Zu}vjuv}fe

Lkzzoxf

7.;=7.6

7.787.;=

9 7.78

8 Lfeovl ud Cfkxy Jikyz Co ciy$ldef}kufiy zu}vjuv}fe

Pfkbiy Zu}vjuv}fe

Lkzzoxf

7.787.6

9 7.78

9 7.78

Zdv}jf1 KZ$NQZ ;6501=777

Ducf} zdoi wk}klfuf}z ucku jkn mf lfkzv}fe ucku jkn mf vzfhvi on efuf}lonon` ikne jkwkmoiouy

k}f eozjvzzfe on Ukmif ;;.


33/41

:= Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Ukmif ;; Keeouodnki Zdoi Wk}klfuf}z hd} vzf on IJK

Zdoi jck}kjuf}ozuoj Jdllfnuz Ufzu ]fjdllfnefe

Zdeojouy

#fsjckn`fkmif

zdeovl wf}jfnuk`f

FZW/

Ucf w}dwd}uodn dh zdeovl dn ucf jkuodn fsjckn`f zoufz }fwd}ufe kz k

wf}jfnuk`f dh fsjckn`fkmif jkuodnz. Ifxfiz kmdxf 8& lky jkvzf zdoi

zu}vjuv}ki w}dmiflz kne }fevjfe wf}lfkmoiouy. ]fhf} ud Ufjcnojki Zcffu dn

zdeojouy.

Oh ucf}f oz fxoefnjf dh eozwf}zodn)

zikbon`) d} zu}vjuv}ki efjionf.

Mvib efnzouy Vzfe ud jkijvikuf ucf wcdzwcd}vz zd}wuodn jkwkjouy dh k Ikne Kwwiojkuodn K}fk

pcfn vnef}ukbon` k Nvu}ofnu Mkiknjf.

Pcfn }f{vo}fe hd} efuf}lonon`

wcdzwcd}vz zd}wuodn jkwkjouy.

Wcdzwcd}vz

zd}wuodn #l`$b`/

Vzfe ud jkijvikuf ucf olldmoiozkuodn dh wcdzwcd}vz my ucf zdoi. Zkney zdoiz k}f

ldzuiy idp on W zd}wuodn kne nffe ndu mf ufzufe. Jiky zdoiz kne zdoiz co`c on

o}dn kne$d} kivlonovl dhufn ckxf co`c W,zd}wuodn. Ucf ldzu vzfhvi onhd}lkuodn

oz dmukonfe h}dl k lviuo,wdonu ufzu.

Zoufz pcf}f wcdzwcd}vz oz }fjd`nozfe

kz k lknk`flfnu ozzvf. Pcf}f ucf

zdoi oz onufnefe ud mf vzfe kz k

wcdzwcd}vz }fldxki lfjcknozl.

Zfjuodn 6.6 Ucf Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu Lku}os

Ucoz lku}os oz kzzflmife vzon` ucf ekuk ucku ckz mffn w}fzfnufe on ucf w}fxodvz upd zfjuodnz.

Ucf xkivfz hd} ucf bfy zouf kne zdoi hfkuv}fz k}f jdlwk}fe k`konzu ucf j}ouf}ok on ucf xf }kuon`

jikzzfz. Ucoz kiidpz k }kuon` hd} fkjc wk}klfuf} ud mf efuf}lonfe. Ucf dxf}kii }kuon` hd} ucf zouf

oz efuf}lonfe my ucf ldzu iolouon` }kuon` hd} k hfkuv}f. On ucf Ldefi IJK ucf ldzu iolouon` }kuon`

oz 6 #hd} zdeojouy/) ucf}fhd}f ucf zouf jkwkmoiouy dxf}kii oz 6.

Ucoz oz dniy dnf wdzzomif kww}dkjc ud efuf}lonf pcfucf} ucf edlfzuoj pkzufpkuf} jkn mf

jdnukonfe dnzouf. On ucoz fsklwif ucf ukmif ckz mffn jidzfiy mkzfe dn ucf jcfjbiozu w}dxoefe on

FWK Wvmiojkuodn 058 #=77:k/. Cdpfxf}) ikne jkwkmoiouy kzzfzzd}z lky jcddzf ud vzf k

eohhf}fnu lfucde) d} efzo`n ucfo} dpn lfucde ucku lky mf mfuuf} ukoid}fe ud ucf idjki jdneouodnz.

K`kon) ou oz co`ciy kexozkmif ud jdnzviu pouc ucf ikne jkwkmoiouy kzzfzzd} dn ucf w}dwdzfe

lfucde w}od} ud ucf kzzfzzlfnu jdllfnjon`. Vzon` k lfucde ucku oz efflfe vnzkuozhkjud}y

my ucf jdvnjoi lky }fzviu on }fhvzki dh ucf kwwiojkuodn) d} k }f{vfzu hd} hv}ucf} onhd}lkuodn d}

onxfzuo`kuodn.

Zfjuodn 6.8 Ucf Lknk`flfnu W}d`}kl

Hdiidpon` ucf jdlwifuodn dh ucf kzzfzzlfnu lku}os) }fjdllfnekuodnz zcdvie mf lkef kz ud

ucf uywf dh pkzufpkuf} lknk`flfnu zyzufl ucku zvouz ucf jkwkmoiouy dh ucf zouf. Ucf w}dwdzfe

efzo`n kne lknk`flfnu w}d`}kl dh ucf dnzouf pkzufpkuf} zyzufl }fjdllfnefe lvzu

kee}fzz ucf ldzu iolouon` zouf kne zdoi hfkuv}fz) oefnuofe on ucf kzzfzzlfnu kne kzzdjokufe

}ozbz pouc ucfzf iolouon` hkjud}z. Ou poii kizd nffe ud lksolozf ucf mfnfuz dh ucf mfuuf} zouf kne

zdoi hfkuv}fz) kz k mkzoz hd} zyzufl zoqon`. Ukbon` onud kjjdvnu ucoz ldzu iolouon` zouf hfkuv}f kizd

kiidpz ucf lknk`flfnu w}d`}kl ud onjd}wd}kuf olw}dxflfnu lfkzv}fz) zvjc kz vzf dh

`ywzvl dn zdeoj zdoiz ud jdvnuf} eozwf}zodn.

Pcfn jcfjbon` ucf zvoukmoiouy dh ucf w}dwdzfe zyzufl) ou oz k `dde oefk ud zuk}u h}dl ucf zouf

kne zdoi jdnzu}konuz kne pd}b mkjbpk}ez uc}dv`c ucf u}fkulfnu u}kon. Ucku oz1

Jcfjb ucku ucf ndlonkufe ikne kwwiojkuodn zyzufl oz zvoufe ud ucf zouf kne zdoi hfkuv}fz2

Jcfjb ucf jkijvikuodnz hd} ucf }f{vo}fe fhvfnu {vkiouy) mkzfe dn ucf zouf zfnzouoxouy kne iknekwwiojkuodn k}fk efzo`n2 kne

Honkiiy) jcfjb ucku ucf jcdzfn u}fkulfnu kne knjoiik}y zyzuflz w}dwdzfe ud kjcofxf ucf

fhvfnu {vkiouy kne ucf wf}hd}lknjf dmafjuoxfz hd} ucf zouf k}f kef{vkuf.

Vzvkiiy) ucf wdd}f} ucf ikne jkwkmoiouy }kuon` dh ucf zouf) ucf co`cf} ucf ifxfi dh u}fkulfnu

}f{vo}fe. Hd} fsklwif) hd} k zouf pouc k IJK }kuon` dh ; d} = k w}olk}y u}fkulfnu zyzufl zvjc kz

k zfwuoj uknb lky mf zvoukmif) on jdnavnjuodn pouc kn kmzd}wuodn u}fnjc #w}dxoeon` ou oz ndu

kexf}zfiy olwkjuon` mfnfjoki vzfz dh ucf zv}hkjf pkuf} d} `}dvnepkuf}/. D}) hd} k zouf pouc k

IJK }kuon` dh 6 idjkufe dn k zouf dn k ddewikon pouc co`c `}dvnepkuf} k w}olk}y d} zfjdnek}y

u}fkulfnu zyzufl jdlmonfe pouc k Pozjdnzon Ldvne #pcojc w}dxoefz hv}ucf} u}fkulfnu dh ucf

fhvfnu kz pfii kz fncknjfe fxkwdu}knzwo}kuodn/ lky mf kww}dw}okuf.

Ucf}fhd}f) ou oz olwd}uknu ud u}fku fxf}y IJK oneoxoevkiiy zd ucku ucf uywf dh u}fkulfnu kne ikne

kwwiojkuodn zyzuflz lkujc ucf jkwkmoiouy dh ucf zouf on {vfzuodn kne w}dxoef hd} ucf co`cfzu ifxfi

dh wvmioj cfkiuc kne fnxo}dnlfnuki w}dufjuodn wdzzomif.


34/41

:: Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Pcfn kzzfzzon` k IJK) lkbf zv}f ucf jdnzviuknu ckz jdnzoef}fe ucf hdiidpon` olwd}uknu

ozzvfz1

Ucf zvzukonkmoiouy dh ucf w}dwdzfe zyzufl2

Ucf fswfjukuodnz dh ucf hvuv}f }fzoefnuz dh ucf efxfidwlfnu2

Jv}}fnu kne hvuv}f }fzoefnuz kmoiouy ud kef{vkufiy lknk`f ucf zyzufl2

Zouf zvoukmoiouy) onjiveon` fnxo}dnlfnuki zfnzouoxouy2

Zyzufl }fiokmoiouy kne ucf {vkiouy dh zf}xojf dhhf}fe my ucf lknvhkjuv}f} #oh kny/2 Ucf kxkoikmoiouy dh zf}xojf k`fnuz on ucf k}fk kne ucfo} {vkiouy dh zf}xojf2

Zyzufl jdzu #mduc jkwouki kne dn,`don`/2

Zyzufl iohfzwkn2

Pcfucf} dn,zouf lknk`flfnu oz k idn`,uf}l lknk`flfnu zu}kuf`y d} dniy kn onuf}ol

lfkzv}f mfhd}f jdnnfjuodn ud k jfnu}kiozfe zfpf}k`f zyzufl2

Ucf nffe hd} ucf w}dwdzfe zyzufl ud mf }fwikjfe d} }fhv}mozcfe ku zdlf ikuf} ekuf2

Ucf jvlvikuoxf wvmioj cfkiuc kne fnxo}dnlfnuki olwkjuz dh w}fzfnu kne hvuv}f DZLZz

poucon ucf zvmeoxozodn d} jkujclfnu2

Ucf efxfidwlfnu dh jdnuon`fnjy wiknz on ucf fxfnu dh zyzufl hkoiv}f2 kne

Ucf olwkju dh ucf zyzufl dn ucf klfnouy dh ucf k}fk.

Oh ucfzf ozzvfz ckxf ndu mffn jdnzoef}fe on ucf }fwd}u) ucf IJK jdnzviuknu jkn mf kzbfe ud

w}dxoef keeouodnki onhd}lkuodn. K`kon) `dde jdllvnojkuodn w}od} ud jdllfnjflfnu poii }fevjf

ucf }ozb dh ucoz ckwwfnon`.

Dnjf ucf uywf dh IKK zyzufl kne ucf ifxfi dh u}fkulfnu k}f efuf}lonfe) mkzfe dn ucf zoufz

oefnuofe jdnzu}konuz kne }ozbz) k m}ofh kldvnu dh onhd}lkuodn kmdvu ucf uywfz dh zyzuflz lky

mf w}dxoefe. Hd} ucf wv}wdzfz dh ucf IJK jdvnjoi lky ndu }f{vo}f k efukoife efzo`n. Cdpfxf})

pcfn k efukoife efzo`n oz ikuf} zvmlouufe) jdvnjoi dhjf}z lvzu jcfjb ucku ou lo}}d}z ucf

jdnjfwu efzo`n d} }fjdllfnekuodnz jdnukonfe on ucf d}o`onki IJK.

Kee}fzzon` ucf mviifu wdonuz kmdxf poii w}dxoef fndv`c onhd}lkuodn kz ud pcku oz w}dwdzfe on

ucf pky dh u}fkulfnu kne kzzdjokufe dn`don` lknk`flfnu hd} jdvnjoi ud kzzfzz pcfucf} ou

lkujcfz ucf zdoi jdnzu}konuz kne }ozbz oefnuofe on ucf IJK. Ou kizd w}dxoefz ucf jiofnu

#iknedpnf}/ pouc zdlf `voeknjf dn ucf `fnf}ki uywf dh zyzufl ucfy pdvie nffe hd} ucfo} zouf.

Ukmif ;= w}dxoefz onhd}lkuodn dn zdlf jdlldniy vzfe IKK kne u}fkulfnu zyzufl

jdlmonkuodnz.

Ukmif ;= Dn,zouf Pkzufpkuf} Zyzufl Dwuodnz

U}fkulfnu Efxojf Uywf Ikne Kwwiojkuodn Zyzufl

W}olk}y Zfwuoj uknb

@}fypkuf} eoxf}zodn efxojf

Pkuf}ifzz jdlwdzuon` udoifu

Pfu jdlwdzuon` udoifu

Jdlmvzuodn udoifu

Zvmzv}hkjf kmzd}wuodn zyzuflz zvmzv}hkjf

o}}o`kuodn

Fxkwdu}knzwo}kuodn mfez

Klfnefe zdoi kne zkne ldvnez

Mv}oki #hd} jdlwdzu/

Zfjdnek}y KPUZ

@}fypkuf} u}fkulfnu

Zfwuoj uknb kne zkne iuf}

Zfwuoj uknb kne wfku iuf}

Zvmzv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn

Uf}uok}y #eozonhfjuodn/ KPUZ

@}fypkuf} u}fkulfnu zyzufl

Zfwuoj uknb kne #ndn,kf}dzdi/ zkne iuf}

Zfwuoj uknb kne wfku iuf}

Zvmzv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn

Zv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn #ndn,kf}dzdi/

@}fypkuf} uf}uok}y #fsjiveon` boujcfn pkzufz/ @}fypkuf} u}fkulfnu zyzufl Zvmzv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn

Zv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn #ndn,kf}dzdi/

Udoifu vzcon`


35/41

:5 Ldefi Ikne Jkwkmoiouy Kzzfzzlfnu ]fwd}u

Zfjuodn 6.8.; U}fkulfnu Zyzuflz

Kf}kufe Pkzufpkuf} U}fkulfnu Zyzuflz #KPUZ/

KPUZ k}f w}f,hkm}ojkufe d} w}f,fnònff}fe u}fkulfnu zyzuflz efzo`nfe ud u}fku zlkii

#9 =)777 I$eky/ pkzufpkuf} dpz. Ucfy k}f uknb,mkzfe zyzuflz ucku uywojkiiy flwidy ucf

hdiidpon` w}djfzzfz1

Zfuuion` dh zdioez kne dukuodn dh zjvl on kn knkf}dmoj w}olk}y jcklmf}2

Dsoekuodn kne jdnzvlwuodn dh d}`knoj lkuuf} uc}dv`c kf}dmoj modidòjki w}djfzzfz2

Jik}ojkuodn zfjdnek}y zfuuion` dh zdioez2

Eozonhfjuodn2 kne

]f`vik} }fldxki dh zive`f ud lkonukon ucf w}djfzz.

@dde lkonufnknjf dh KPUZ oz fzzfnuoki ud fnzv}f k jdnzozufnuiy co`c ifxfi dh wf}hd}lknjf. My

ikp) KPUZ zyzuflz k}f }f{vo}fe ud mf zf}xojfe {vk}uf}iy my kn kww}dxfe lkonufnknjf

jdnu}kjud}.

Zkne Hoiuf}z

Zkne iuf}z w}dxoef kexknjfe zfjdnek}y u}fkulfnu ud pkuf} ucku ckz ki}fkey vnef}`dnf

w}olk}y u}fkulfnu on k zfwuoj uknb d} zoloik} efxojf. Ucfy jdnukon kww}dsolkufiy 877 ll efwucdh iuf} lfeok #vzvkiiy lfeovl ud jdk}zf zkne) mvu ducf} lfeok jkn mf onjd}wd}kufe/ poucon k

ionfe fsjkxkuodn jdnukonon` kn vnef}e}kon zyzufl. Zfifjuodn dh ucf iuf} lfeok oz j}ouojki kne k

jk}fhviiy efzo`nfe eozu}omvuodn nfupd}b oz nfjfzzk}y. K edzon` pfii kne wvlw oz nd}lkiiy vzfe

ud kiidp wf}odeoj edzon`. Efwfneon` dn ucf efzo}fe ifxfi dh u}fkulfnu) zkne iuf}z jkn mf zonìf,

wkzz d} lky onjd}wd}kuf wk}uoki }fjo}jvikuodn. K zvmzf{vfnu eozonhfjuodn zyzufl oz }f{vo}fe ud

kiidp }fvzf my zv}hkjf o}}o`kuodn. Ucf}f k}f zfxf}ki w}dw}ofuk}y zkne iuf} zyzuflz kxkoikmif

udeky kne efukoife zoqon` kne efzo`n dh ucfzf zyzuflz oz `fnf}kiiy vnef}ukbfn my ucf

lknvhkjuv}f}.

Zfjuodn 6.8.: Zoqon` ucf O}}o`kuodn Zyzufl

Ucf hdiidpon` zfjuodn w}dxoefz kn dxf}xofp dh ucf hvneklfnuki w}onjowifz ucku nffe ud mf

jdnzoef}fe pcfn jcfjbon` ucf w}dwdzfe zoqon` dh eozwf}zki k}fk d} o}}o`kuodn zyzufl. Hv}ucf}

`voeknjf dn zwfjoj efzo`n wk}klfuf}z hd} dn,zouf zyzuflz lky mf dmukonfe h}dl Wk}u 5 dh

KZ$NQZ ;6501=777. Hv}ucf} mkjb`}dvne onhd}lkuodn lky mf hdvne on VZFWK Dn,zouf

U}fkulfnu Zyzuflz Lknvki.

Mduc k lfkn ldnuciy pkuf} mkiknjf kne k nvu}ofnu mkiknjf ckxf mffn vzfe ud jkijvikuf ucf

lonolvl zoqf dh ucf ikne kwwiojkuodn k}fk hd} ucf Ldefi IJK. Ucfy jkn mduc mf xkivkmif uddiz

hd} ukbon` onud kjjdvnu zouf zwfjoj xk}okuodn on jdneouodnz.

]flflmf} ucku lfkn xkivfz ed ndu `fnf}kiiy zcdp ucf zwobf d} pd}zu jkzf zjfnk}od) kne lky

dniy }fw}fzfnu ucf ldzu iobfiy zjfnk}od. Pcoif IJK zcdvie efuf}lonf ucf idn` uf}l

fnxo}dnlfnuki olwkju dh dnzouf pkzufpkuf}) ucf pd}zu jkzf zjfnk}od lky kizd mf onjivefe. Ucoz

poii fnzv}f ucku ucf IJK oz jdnevjufe dn k }kn`f dh fnxo}dnlfnuki jdnzoef}kuodnz. Ucf jdlwifs

onuf}kjuodnz mfupffn ucf zdoi) jiolkuf) udwd`}kwcy kne pkzufpkuf} onwvuz zvjc kz cye}kvioj kne

nvu}ofnu idkeon`z lky lfkn ucku ucf}f oz nd jd}}fju lfucde d} }o`cu knzpf}z. Ucf lfucdez

zcdpn mfidp ckxf mffn jcdzfn mfjkvzf dh ucfo} }fikuoxf zolwiojouy kne k}f fsklwifz dh

wdzzomif lfucdez dh jkijvikuodn.

]flflmf} kizd ucku kii pkuf} kne nvu}ofnu mkiknjf jkijvikuodnz k}f zolwiy fzuolkufz. Ucfy k}f

ndu fskju }fwiojkuodnz dh pcku kjuvkiiy ckwwfnz dn k ikne kwwiojkuodn k}fk zouf. Zlkii xk}okuodnz

on ucf onwvuz ud pkuf} kne nvu}ofnu mkiknjfz jkn ifke ud ik}`f eohhf}fnjfz on fzuolkufe ikne

kwwiojkuodn k}fk. Ud lkbf zv}f ucku ucf wf}hd}lknjf dmafjuoxfz dh ucfzf `voefionfz poii mf lfu)

ukbf k jdnzf}xkuoxf kww}dkjc pcfn kzzfzzon` ucf w}dwdzfe k}fkz.

Pkuf} Mkiknjf

K pkuf} mkiknjf jkn mf vzfe ud fzuolkuf o}}o`kuodn k}fk }f{vo}flfnuz mkzfe dn jiolkuf kne

pkzufpkuf} w}devjuodn. Ou oz fsw}fzzfe kz1

w}fjowoukuodn " kwwiofe pkzufpkuf} < fxkwdu}knzwo}kuodn " wf}jdikuodn " }vndhh


36/41


Pcf}f1

W}fjowoukuodn }fhf}z ud efwdzouz dh pkuf}) foucf} on io{voe d} zdioe hd}l ucku }fkjc ucf fk}uc h}dl

ucf kuldzwcf}f2 ou jkn onjivef }kon) ziffu) zndp) ckoi) efp kne h}dzu.

Fxkwdu}knzwo}kuodn oz ucf }fldxki dh pkuf} h}dl zdoi my fxkwd}kuodn kne my u}knzwo}kuodn h}dl

wiknuz. Ldnuciy fxkwdu}knzwo}kuodn oz fzuolkufe ud mf k wf}jfnuk`f dh ucf ldnuciy fxkwd}kuodn.

Ucoz wf}jfnuk`f oz efuf}lonfe hd} k wk}uojvik} xf`fukuodn uywf my vzon` k j}dw hkjud}.

Ucf j}dw hkjud} jkn xk}y) efwfneon` dn ucf uywf dh wiknu mfon` `}dpn) ucf k}fk dh ucf zukuf

pcf}f ucf o}}o`kuodn k}fk oz wikjfe) ucf uolf dh ucf yfk}) kne fswdzv}f dh ucf zouf. K xk}okmif

hkjud} dh 7.07.3 ckz mffn vzfe hd} ucoz mkiknjf.

Wf}jdikuodn oz ucf efzjfnu dh io{voe uc}dv`c ucf zdoi w}dif) mfnfkuc ucf }ddu qdnf. K efzo`n

wf}jdikuodn }kuf jkn mf ukbfn h}dl KZ$NQZ;6501=777. K Efzo`n O}}o`kuodn ]kuf #EO]/ dh

=7 ll$pffb ckz mffn kedwufe hd} ucoz efzo`n. Pcfn eo}fju lfkzv}flfnuz h}dl ucf fie

k}f ndu zcdpn on ucf IJK) ucf pd}zu jkzf }kn`f h}dl Ukmif 5.=K= dh KZ$NQZ;6501=777zcdvie

mf kedwufe.

]fukonfe ]konhkii oz ucf w}dwd}uodn dh w}fjowoukuodn ucku oz kmzd}mfe poucon ucf w}dwdzfe ikne

kwwiojkuodn k}fk. On d}ef} ud mf jdnzf}xkuoxf ucoz fsklwif pkuf} mkiknjfe kzzvlfe ucku kii

}konhkii pkz }fukonfe pouc nd }vndhh.

Ou oz olwd}uknu ud }flflmf} ucku `v}fz vzfe on ucfzf uywfz dh f{vkuodnz k}f dhufn k lfkn

`v}f. On jf}ukon idjkuodnz ucoz lky ndu mf kn kww}dw}okuf xkivf) hd} fsklwif) on k}fkzfswf}ofnjon` lk}bfeiy co`cf} }konhkii wf}odez on k ldnuc. Jk}f zcdvie mf ukbfn pcfn zfifjuon`

zvoukmif ekuk. Jdnzozufnjy dh ekuk uywf oz kizd fzzfnuoki.

Hd}lvikf vzfe on jkijvikuon` ucf pkuf} mkiknjf k}f zcdpn on ucf fsklwif zw}fkezcffu on

Kwwfneos = dh ucf Ldefi IJK.

Pkuf} mkiknjf jkijvikuodnz efldnzu}kuf ucf olwd}uknjf dh }fevjon` ucf kldvnu dh pkzufpkuf}

w}devjfe my k cdvzfcdie. Ucf olwiflfnukuodn dh pkzufpkuf} }fevjuodn onouokuoxfz zvjc kz

jdlwdzuon` udoifuz kne pkuf},zkxon` zcdpf} cfkez) ukwz kne kwwioknjfz jkn ifke ud zo`nojknu

}fevjuodnz on k}fk kne zud}k`f }f{vo}flfnuz.

Oh ucf IJK zcdpz ucku zfpk`f jknndu mf jdnukonfe dnzouf) kne }fuojvikufe zfpf}k`f oz ndu

kxkoikmif on ucf nfk} hvuv}f) ucf efxfidwlfnu zcdvie ndu w}djffe. Ucoz oz dnf dh ucf kexknuk`fz

dh vnef}ukbon` zu}kuf`oj IJK wiknnon`.

Nvu}ofnu Mkiknjf

On kn fhvfnu kwwiojkuodn k}fk) nvu}ofnuz k}f }fldxfe my xf`fukuodn) loj}dd}`knozlz) jcflojki

w}fjowoukuodn) zdoi kezd}wuodn) xdikuoiozkuodn kne ifkjcon`. Nvu}ofnu }fldxki my xf`fukuodn djjv}z

dniy ev}on` ucf kjuoxf `}dpuc wf}ode dh ucf xf`fukuodn) kne xk}ofz `}fkuiy kldn` eohhf}fnu

xf`fukuodn uywfz. Ucf pkzufpkuf} lvzu mf kxkoikmif ud ucf }ddu qdnf dh ucf xf`fukuodn hd}

nvu}ofnu vwukbf ud djjv}. Ck}xfzuon` wiknuz #pcojc lky onjivef ldpon` d} w}vnon`/ kne

}fldxon` ucfl h}dl ucf zouf oz }f{vo}fe ud lkonukon ucf nvu}ofnu vwukbf }kuf kne fswd}u ucf

nvu}ofnuz. Nvu}ofnuz }fukonfe on k zukneon` j}dw) efu}ouvz) d} }fzoevki cvlvz lvzu mf }f`k}efe

kz wdufnuoki }fzf}xdo}z dh zdivmif nou}d`fn kne wcdzwcd}vz dn ucf zouf) kiucdv`c ucf jdnu}omvuodn

dh d}`knoj jk}mdn lky fnzv}f ucfo} zidp lonf}kiozkuodn.

Ucf vzf dh wcdzwcd}vz my xf`fukuodn oz dniy k lond} }fldxki lfjcknozl. Kezd}wuodn dnud zdoi

wk}uojifz oz vzvkiiy ucf lkon pky ucku wcdzwcd}vz oz }fldxfe h}dl ucf fhvfnu. Ucoz

lfjcknozl oz ndu }fkeoiy }fnfpkmif) kne ldzu o}}o`kuodn k}fkz #onjiveon` kmzd}wuodn mvhhf}

k}fkz/ `fnf}kiiy ckxf k efzo`n iohf dh ku ifkzu 67 yfk}z mfhd}f ucf wcdzwcd}vz zd}wuodn jkwkjouy

oz fsjffefe. On ucf fxfnu ucku ucf efzo`n iohf oz fswfjufe ud mf ifzz uckn 67 yfk}z k h}f{vfnu

ldnoud}on` w}d`}kl lky mf wvu on wikjf.

Nvu}ofnu Mkiknjf Jkijvikuodnz

W}dxoefe mfidp oz kn fswiknkuodn dh ucf jkijvikuodnz vzfe on ucf Ldefi IJK ud efuf}lonf ucf

ldzu iolouon` k}fk hd} nvu}ofnuz.

Ekuk Onwvuz

Nvu}ofnu jdnjfnu}kuodnz on fhvfnu jkn ckxf k zo`nojknu mfk}on` dn ucf dvuwvu dh k nvu}ofnu

mkiknjf. Vnef}fzuolkuon` nvu}ofnu idkez poii }fevjf ucf xkioeouy dh ucf }fzviuz. Pcf}f wdzzomif


37/41


nvu}ofnu jdnjfnu}kuodnz zcdvie mf dmukonfe h}dl ldnoud}on` ekuk hd} ucf uywf dh zyzufl

w}dwdzfe. VZFWK #=77=/ w}dxoef oneojkuoxf jdnjfnu}kuodnz hd} nvu}ofnuz on fhvfnu h}dl bfy

u}fkulfnu zyzuflz #ou oz olwd}uknu ud nduf ucku ucoz }fzdv}jf lky ndu fskjuiy }fw}fzfnu Xojud}okn

zjfnk}odz/.

Nou}d`fn idzu ud zdoi w}djfzzfz jkn mf co`ciy xk}okmif kne zcdvie mf jdnzf}xkuoxfiy fzuolkufe.

@fk}y kne @k}enf} #;??8/ zv``fzu kww}dsolkufiy =7& dh uduki nou}d`fn poii mf idzu uc}dv`c

lonf}kioqkuodn) xdikuoioqkuodn kne efnou}ojkuodn on ucf zdoi pcfn kwwiyon` zfjdnek}y u}fkufe

fhvfnu.

Efzo`n iohf dh ucf zyzufl oz vzfe ud jkijvikuf ucf lonolvl k}fk mkzfe dn k wcdzwcd}vz

mkiknjf. K `v}f dh 67 yfk}z ckz mffn vzfe on ucf ldefi IJK kne on ucku zouvkuodn oz

jdnzoef}fe zvhjofnuiy jdnzf}xkuoxf. Cdpfxf} on jf}ukon zouvkuodnz) zvjc kz on k e}onbon` pkuf}

jkujclfnu) 06 yfk}z lky mf ld}f kww}dw}okuf.

J}dw nvu}ofnu vwukbf }kufz k}f knducf} co`ciy xk}okmif onwvu. Pcf}f zouf zwfjoj ekuk oz ndu

kxkoikmif }fhf}fnjf zcdvie mf lkef ud ucf oneojkuoxf vwukbf }kufz w}dxoefe on ucf FWK Xojud}ok

@voefionfz hd} Pkzufpkuf} O}}o`kuodn#;??;/. Jdnzf}xkuoxf `v}fz zcdvie mf vzfe.

Wcdzwcd}vz zd}wuodn jkwkjouy zcdvie mf efuf}lonfe dn k zouf zwfjoj mkzoz hd} zvmeoxozodn

kne wiknnon` zjcflf klfnelfnu IJKz ucdv`c zdoi zklwion` kne zvmzf{vfnu ikmd}kud}y

knkiyzoz. Zon`if idu kzzfzzlfnuz ucku onxdixf k co`ciy zfnzouoxf d} ioloufe zouf zcdvie kizd dmukon

zouf zwfjoj ekuk. Ducf}pozf wcdzwcd}vz zd}wuodn jkwkjouy lky mf fzuolkufe h}dl kxkoikmif

wvmiozcfe zdoi ekuk hd} ucf }f`odn d} ucf oefnuofe zdoi uywf.

Mvib efnzouy poii efwfne dn k xk}ofuy dh hkjud}z onjiveon` zdoi uywf. Ou jkn uywojkiiy mf ukbfn kz

;.6 `$jl=. Ucoz onwvu oz vzfe kidn` pouc zdoi efwuc ud jdnxf}u wcdzwcd}vz zd}wuodn jkwkjouy

h}dl l`$b` ud b`$ck.

Efwuc dh zdoi jkn ckxf k zo`nojknu olwkju dn ucf wcdzwcd}vz mkiknjf kne lvzu mf

efuf}lonfe uc}dv`c k efukoife zouf kne zdoi onxfzuo`kuodn.

Kjuvki wf}jfnu dh wcdzwcd}vz zd}wuodn oz }f{vo}fe mkzfe dn ucf kzzvlwuodn ucku zd}wuodn

vnef} fie jdneouodnz oz ifzz uckn ikmd}kud}y fzuolkufz. K lviuowiof} mfupffn 7.=6 kne 7.06 oz

uywojkiiy vzfe. Ucf `v}f poii efwfne dn ucf cye}kvioj jdnevjuoxouy dh ucf zdoi kldn` ducf}

hkjud}z.

Fswiknkuodn dh jkijvikuodnz hd} ucf Ldefi IJK

Nou}d`fn #N/ Mkiknjf

; Efuf}lonf ucf ekoiy N idke

Fhvfnu jdnjfnu}kuodn N :7 l`$I

Ekoiy cye}kvioj idke 357 I$eky

:7 s 357 < =6)=77 l`$eky

= Efuf}lonf ucf knnvki N idke

=6)=77 l`$eky s :86 ekyz

Knnvki N idke < ?);?3)777 l`

: K

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