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MODEL 600B SERIESSEMITRAILER
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
1900 North StreetMarysville, KS 66508
(785)562-5381F-320-0103 01/03
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LANDOLL CORPORATION
TRAILER FIVE YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY POLICY
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MODEL 600B SERIESSEMITRAILER
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
PURCHASED FROM: DATE / /
ADDRESS:
PHONE NO.: SERIAL NO.:
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REPORTING SAFETY DEFECTS
If you believe that your vehicle has a defect which could cause a crash or couldcause injury or death, you should immediately inform the National Highway TrafficSafety Administration (NHTSA) in addition to notifying Landoll Manufacturing.
If NHTSA receives similar complaints, it may open an investigation, and if itfinds that a safety defect exists in a group of vehicles, it may order a recall andremedy campaign. However, NHTSA cannot become involved in individual prob-lems between you, your dealer, or Landoll Manufacturing.
To contact NHTSA, you may either call the Auto Safety Hotline toll-free at 1-800-424-9393 (or 366-0123 in Washington, D.C. area) or write to: NHTSA, U.S. Depart-ment of Transportation, Washington, D.C. 20590. You can also obtain other infor-mation about motor vehicle safety from the Hotline.
In the event of a defect or problem with your LANDOLL equipment, please notifyLANDOLL CORPORATION:
LANDOLL CORPORATION
SALES AND SERVICE
1900 NORTH STREET
MARYSVILLE, KANSAS 66508
OR PHONE:
1-800-HAULOLL
(1-800-428-5655)
FAX NO.: (785)562-3240
FOR REPLACEMENT PARTS:
(785)562-4650
1-800-423-4320
FAX NO.: (785) 562-4654
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
1 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
2 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13-1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13-2 PRE-COUPLING OF SEMITRAILER AND TRACTOR . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33-3 COUPLING OF THE TRACTOR TO THE SEMITRAILER . . . . . . . . 3-43-4 CONNECTING TRACTOR SERVICES TO THE SEMITRAILER . . . . 3-43-5 TRACTOR AND SEMITRAILER CHECK-OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53-6 TOWING THE SEMITRAILER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-73-7 PARKING THE TRAILER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-83-8 UNCOUPLING TOWING VEHICLE FROM SEMITRAILER . . . . . . . . 3-93-9 TRAILER TILT LEVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-93-10 AXLE CONTROL LEVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-103-11 SWINGOUT OUTRIGGER PLATFORM EXTENSION SET-UP
(OPTION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-103-12 PULL OUT EXTENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113-13 LOADING PROCEDURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-123-14 UNLOADING PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-153-15 WORK LIGHT (OPTIONAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-173-16 WINCH CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-173-17 DOCK LEVELER CONTROL OPERATION (OPTION) . . . . . . . . . . 3-193-18 HYDRAULIC POWER SUPPLY ENGINE OPERATION (OPTION) . . 3-223-19 AIR RIDE OPERATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-233-20 BULKHEAD (OPTION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-243-21 REMOTE CONTROL (OPTION). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-253-22 REAR IMPACT GUARD SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-273-23 ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-273-24 COLD WEATHER OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-283-25 HOT WEATHER OPERATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
4 MAINTENANCE AND LUBRICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14-1 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14-2 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34-3 GOOSENECK, FRAME, AND DECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-64-4 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-74-5 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-114-6 SUSPENSION MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-114-7 ALIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-154-8 BRAKE SYSTEM MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-184-9 HUB AND DRUM MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-254-10 WHEEL BEARING LUBRICATION AND ADJUSTMENT. . . . . . . . . 4-274-11 TIRE MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-284-12 WINCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-304-13 DOCK LEVELERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-304-14 CRANK LANDING GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32
5 TROUBLESHOOTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
THIS IS THE SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL. IT IS USED TO ALERT YOUTO POTENTIAL INJURY HAZARDS. OBEY ALL SAFETY MESSAGESTHAT FOLLOW THIS SYMBOL TO AVOID POSSIBLE INJURY ORDEATH.
DANGER DANGER INDICATES AN IMMINENTLY HAZARDOUS SITUA-TION WHICH, IF NOT AVOIDED, WILL RESULT IN DEATH ORSERIOUS INJURY.
WARNING WARNING INDICATES A POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS SITUA-TION WHICH, IF NOT AVOIDED, COULD RESULT IN DEATH ORSERIOUS INJURY.
CAUTION CAUTION INDICATES A POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS SITUA-TION WHICH, IF NOT AVOIDED, MAY RESULT IN MINOR ORMODERATE INJURY.
CAUTION CAUTION USED WITHOUT THE SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL INDI-CATES A POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS SITUATION WHICH, IFNOT AVOIDED, MAY RESULT IN PROPERTY DAMAGE.
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1INTRODUCTION
This manual provides operating, servicing, and maintenance instructions, for Model 600B semitrailer,manufactured by Landoll Corporation, Marysville, Kansas 66508.
SECTION 1 gives basic instructions on the use of this manual.
SECTION 2 gives specifications for the trailer, including measurements and component speci-fications. A Standard Bolt Torque Table is provided to give guidelines for bolttorques to be used when servicing this product.
SECTION 3 gives instructions for the proper operation of the equipment.
SECTION 4 gives general maintenance procedures, a maintenance schedule, and a lubricationschedule. Improper maintenance will void your warranty.
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS CONTACT:
LANDOLL CORPORATION1900 NORTH STREET
MARYSVILLE, KANSAS 66508or phone:
(785) 562-5381 or(800) 428-5655
or FAX:(785) 562-4893
SECTION 5 is a troubleshooting guide to aid in diagnosing and solving problems with thetrailer.
PARTS LIST is a separate manual showing the various assemblies, subassemblies, and sys-tems. Refer to that manual when ordering Landoll replacement parts. Order partsfrom your Landoll dealer.
WARRANTY The Warranty Registration form is located with the product documents. Fill it outand mail it within 15 days of purchase. The Warranty is printed inside the frontcover.
NOTE: IMPROPER ASSEMBLY, MODIFICATION, OR MAINTENANCE OF YOURLANDOLL MACHINE CAN VOID YOUR WARRANTY.
COMMENTS Address comments or questions regarding this publication to:
LANDOLL CORPORATION1900 NORTH STREET
MARYSVILLE, KANSAS 66508ATTENTION: PUBLICATIONS - DEPT. 55
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2STANDARD SPECIFICATIONSCAPACITY*:
TANDEM AXLE:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,000 LB. DISTRIBUTEDSTANDARD FRAME DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000 LB. CONCENTRATED IN 10’OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL CROSSMEMBERS. . 50,000 LB. CONCENTRATED IN 10’
TRIPLE AXLE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 LB. DISTRIBUTEDSTANDARD FRAME DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,000 LB. CONCENTRATED IN 16’
SWING OUT OVERWIDTHS AND PULL OUT EXTENSION MAXIMUM CAPACITY IS ONE HALF FRAMECAPACITY LISTED ABOVE.
GOOSENECK: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HYDRAULIC TILT
KING PIN SETTING: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21"
UNDERCARRIAGE TRAVEL: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17’-8"
GROUND LOAD ANGLE:
LOW LOAD ANGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5°MAXIMUM TILT ANGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15°
DOCK LEVELER CAPACITY: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PAIR 62,000 LB.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 PAIR 62,000 LB. (124,000 LB.)
HYDRAULIC HOOKUP:
QUICK COUPLERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FLAT FACE 3/4" BODY SIZEMAXIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2500 PSIOPERATING FLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 GPM
ELECTRICAL HOOKUP:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-WAY CONNECTOR
AIR HOOK UP: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COLOR CODED GLAD HANDS
SPECIFIC BOLT TORQUES
AIR RIDE SUSPENSION:
EQUALIZER BEAM PIVOT AND ADAPTER BOLTSDESIGNATED W/ NEWAY ON BOLT HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 FT.-LBS.DESIGNATED W/ HOLLAND NEWAY ON BOLT HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 FT.-LBS.
SHOCK ABSORBER MOUNTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 FT.-LBS.AIR SPRING MOUNTING: 1/2" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 FT.-LBS.
3/4" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 FT.-LBS.
FOUR SPRING SUSPENSION:
AXLE CLAMP U-BOLTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 FT.-LBS.EQUALIZER BEAM PIVOT BOLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480-500 FT.-LBS.TORQUE ARM BOLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 FT.-LBS.TORQUE ARM CLAMP NUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 FT.-LBS.
WHEEL FASTENERS - ALL MODELS:
OUTER SPINDLE NUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250-400 FT.-LBS.PILOT WHEEL NUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450-500 FT.-LBS.
* CAPACITY RATINGS ARE FRAME CAPACITIES ONLY. ACTUAL LOAD CAPACITIES MAY BE RE-STRICTED BY FACTORS SUCH AS GROSS AXLE WEIGHT RATINGS (GAWR) OR STATE AND FED-ERAL REGULATIONS.
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2-2
LANDOLL CORPORATIONGENERAL TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS (REV. 4/97)
UNCSize
SAEGrade
2
SAEGrade
5
SAEGrade
8
UNFSize
SAEGrade
2
SAEGrade
5
SAEGrade
8
METRIC
NominalThread
Diametermm
Standard Torque NominalThread
Diametermm
Standard Torque
Newton-Meters
Foot-Pounds
Newton-Meters
Foot-Pounds
Table 2-1 General Torque Specifications
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2-3
LANDOLL CORPORATIONHYDRAULIC FITTING TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
37o JIC, ORS, & ORB (REV. 10/97)
PARKER BRAND FITTINGS
DashSize
37 DegreeJIC
O-Ring(ORS)
O-Ring Boss(ORB)
LANDOLL CORPORATIONHYDRAULIC FITTING TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
37o JIC, ORS & ORB (REV. 10/97)
AEROQUIP BRAND FITTINGS
DashSize
37 DegreeJIC
O-Ring(ORS)
O-Ring Boss(ORB)
Table 2-2 Hydraulic Fitting Torque Specifications
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3OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
3-1 GENERAL
This section supplies information for operationof the semitrailer. It describes and locates controlsand gives general operation procedures. Read allinstructions, warnings, cautions, and danger notesbefore attempting to operate the semitrailer. Op-erators must have proper training before operatingthe semitrailer. (See Figures 3-1 and 3-2 for loca-tion of semitrailer parts.)
WARNING
DO NOT OPERATE THE SEMITRAILERWITH ANY KNOWN FAULT THATMIGHT ENDANGER THE OCCUPANTS,NEARBY WORKERS, OTHER TRAFFIC,THE LOAD, OR THE EQUIPMENT.
WARNING
DO NOT OPERATE THE SEMITRAILERUNTIL YOU HAVE READ THE OPERA-TOR’S MANUAL AND COMPLETELYUNDERSTAND THE PROPER USE ANDFUNCTION OF ALL CONTROLS. IM-PROPER USE CAN CAUSE PERSONALINJURY, DAMAGE TO YOUR SEMI-TRAILER AND CARGO, AND CAUSETIME-CONSUMING BREAKDOWNS.
3-1.1 Landing GearThe landing gear consists of two legs with a
tube telescoping within another tube. Pin drop styleis standard. Crank or hydraulically operated areoptional.
3-1.2 Parking BrakeThe parking brakes are automatically applied
by spring pressure with the air actuators of thebraking system when air pressure in the emer-gency line drops below 50 psi. This may be donewithin the truck using the trailer parking/emergencyvalve or by disconnecting the emergency glad-hands.3-1.3 Air Brake System
The air brake system of the semitrailer is oper-ated from the towing vehicle after coupling. Thetowing vehicle’s air system must be coupled to thesemitrailer and charged to 90 psi minimum beforethe brakes can adequately function.3-1.4 Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS)
The Anti-Lock Brake System of the semitraileris constant powered by the auxiliary (blue) circuitof the seven way electrical connector, with backuppower from the stop lamp (red) circuit, and groundthrough the white wire. It is necessary that the bluecircuit is hot when the tractor key switch is on. Theblue circuit on the trailer may not be used to powerany additional auxiliary devices while the semi-trailer is moving forward. If a fault exists in theABS, normal braking will occur, but the wheelsmay lock. Service the ABS as soon as possible.
CAUTION
THE AUXILIARY (BLUE) CIRCUIT ISFOR POWERING THE SEMITRAILERABS. THIS CIRCUIT MUST BE HOTWHEN THE TRACTOR KEY SWITCH ISON. NO OTHER ELECTRICAL DEVICESMAY BE POWERED BY THIS CIRCUITWHILE THE SEMITRAILER IS MOVINGFORWARD.
CAUTION
IF A FAULT EXISTS IN THE SEMI-TRAILER ABS, NORMAL BRAKINGWILL OCCUR, BUT WHEELS MAYLOCK AND SERVICE THE ABS ASSOON AS POSSIBLE.
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3-2
Figure 3-1 Front Trailer Terminology
Figure 3-2 Rear Trailer Terminology
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3-1.5 ElectricalThe only electrical operation required of the
operator is interconnection of the towing vehicleelectrical cable plug with the semitrailer electricalreceptacle.
It is necessary that the tractor blue wire beconnected to the appropriate electrical source onthe tractor.
3-1.6 HydraulicMost controls are located on the driver’s side
of the trailer. A hydraulic pump must be coupled tothe trailer hydraulic system, or the optional hydrau-lic engine package started, before any hydrauliccontrols can function. The hydraulic system is de-signed to operate at 2500 psi maximum pressureand approximately 17 gpm flow capacity.
3-2 PRE-COUPLING OF SEMITRAILER AND TRACTOR
3-2.1 Slowly back the tractor/truck (towing ve-hicle) up to the front end of the semitrailer sothe kingpin of the semitrailer is centered be-tween the tractor fifth wheel jaws. Stop thetowing vehicle just inches ahead of the semi-trailer. Set tractor parking brake.
3-2.2 Check the semitrailer king pin plate. Itshould be in a horizontal position. The kingpin plate should be the same height, toslightly lower, than the latch area of the fifthwheel plate of the towing vehicle. If neces-sary, connect the tractor hydraulic lines, orstart the semitrailer hydraulic power engine.Use the TRAILER TILT lever (See Section3-9) or hydraulic landing gear (See Section3-5.1-c.) to raise or lower the kingpin platesufficiently to set proper coupling height.Drain all air and moisture from the towing ve-hicle air brake system following towing vehi-cle manufacturer’s instructions.
3-2.3 Connect the service and emergency airhoses of the towing vehicle to their respec-tive gladhand on the front of the semitrailer;red emergency line to the gladhand with the“EMERGENCY” tag, and the blue serviceline to the gladhand with the “SERVICE” tag(See Figure 3-3). Chock the semitrailerwheels before activating the semitrailer airsupply valve in the towing vehicle. Set theparking brakes.
WARNING
FAILURE TO CHOCK SEMITRAILERWHEELS COULD ALLOW MOVEMENTOF THE SEMITRAILER RESULTING INSERIOUS PERSONAL INJURY, DEATH,OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY IN ITSPATH.
3-2.4 Check the air brake operations of thesemitrailer as follows:
a. Apply brakes and inspect brake action on allwheels for prompt application.
b. Release brakes. All brakes should releaseimmediately. Air pressure should dischargequickly from the relay emergency valve.
c. Disconnect the emergency air line from thesemitrailer gladhand. Trailer brakes shouldpromptly set.
d. Re-connect the emergency air line to thesemitrailer and activate the semitrailer airsupply valve. The semitrailer brakes shouldset.
3-3
Figure 3-3 Service Hookups
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3-3 COUPLING OF THE TRACTOR TO THE SEMITRAILER
DANGER
KEEP ALL PERSONNEL CLEAR OFFRONT, REAR, AND SIDES OF TOW-ING VEHICLE AND SEMITRAILER DUR-ING COUPLING, COMPONENT OPERA-TIONS, AND UNCOUPLING. FAILURETO STAY CLEAR CAN RESULT IN SE-RIOUS PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH.
3-3.1 Verify the semitrailer wheels arechocked and brakes function properly.
3-3.2 Make certain the coupler of the towingvehicle’s fifth wheel is open by pulling thelatch handle.
3-3.3 Slowly back the towing vehicle so itsfifth wheel contacts the front of the king pinplate on the semitrailer and slips under it.Continue backing until the fifth wheel couplerlocks onto the semitrailer kingpin.
CAUTION
PUSHING THE SEMITRAILER BACK-WARDS CAN DAMAGE PARKINGSTANDS.
3-3.4 Verify the vehicle coupling is secure byattempting to pull the tractor forward a fewinches. If the tractor disconnects from thesemitrailer, locate source of coupling failure;repair before continuing; and repeat Section3-3.3 and 3-3.4.
3-3.5 Check that the towing vehicle couplessecurely to the semitrailer before setting tow-ing vehicle and semitrailer parking brakes.
IMPORTANT
KEEP BRAKES ENGAGED FOR REMAINDEROF HOOKUP, CHECKOUT PROCEDURES ANDPARK
3-4 CONNECTING TRACTOR SERVICES TO THE SEMITRAILER
3-4.1 Connect the towing vehicle 7-pole elec-trical plug to the electrical receptacle on thefront of the semitrailer (See Figure 3-3).
IMPORTANT
THE KEY ON THE PLUG AND THE KEYWAY INTHE SOCKET MUST BE PROPERLY ALIGNEDBEFORE INSERTING THE PLUG INTO THESEMITRAILER SOCKET.
CAUTION
HYDRAULIC OPERATING PRESSURESGREATER THAN 2500 PSI CAN CAUSEDAMAGE TO THE TRAILER.
3-4.2 If you have not already done so, con-nect the tractor hydraulic lines to the semi-trailer unless your semitrailer is equippedwith the self-contained hydraulic power en-gine package.
IMPORTANT
SOME OIL MAY NEED TO BE REMOVED FROMTHE TRACTOR RESERVOIR TO ALLOW ROOMFOR 12 GALLONS OF ADDITIONAL OIL DIS-PLACED FORM THE TRAILER HYDRAULICSYSTEM.3-4.3 Air Lines: See Section 3-2.
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3-5 TRACTOR AND SEMITRAILER CHECK-OUT
WARNING
FAILURE TO PROPERLY SET ANDCHECK PARKING BRAKE, ANDCHOCK WHEELS WHEN PARKINGAND DURING STORAGE, COULD AL-LOW MOVEMENT OF THETRUCK/SEMITRAILER RIG RESULT-ING IN SERIOUS PERSONAL INJURY,DEATH, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTYIN ITS PATH.
3-5.1 With hydraulic power operating, raiselanding gear:
a. For pin drop landing gear, activate theTRAILER TILT lever “UP” (See Figure 3-4)until weight is off the landing gear. Raiselanding gear. (See Section 3-9 for operationof TRAILER TILT lever.) Secure each legwith a park stand retaining pin in the full “up”position before transporting.
CAUTION
ALWAYS GRIP CRANK HANDLE SE-CURELY WITH BOTH HANDS. NEVERSHIFT LANDING GEAR UNDER LOAD,LEAVE THE GEARS IN NEUTRAL ORLEAVE THE CRANK UNSECURED.
b. For crank landing gear, retract landing gearby turning hand crank on control panel coun-terclockwise. Use low gear until the load is offthe landing gear. Then shift to high gear andcontinue cranking until fully retracted. Leavethe landing gear in high gear.
c. For hydraulic landing gear, remove the pinfrom each landing gear leg. Retract landinggear using lever (See Section 3-5.2) on en-gine control panel (See Figure 3-11). Secureeach leg with a pin in fully retracted position.
3-5.2 The LANDING GEAR lever is locatedon the left side of the Engine Control Panel.It has three positions:
RETRACT In this position, the landing gear arepulled up off the ground.
CENTER This is neutral position.EXTEND In this position, the landing gear are
lowered to the ground.
CAUTION
1. LANDING GEAR LEGS MUST BEFULLY RETRACTED AND SECUREDWITH PINS BEFORE OPERATING ORMOVING SEMITRAILER.
2. IF SEMITRAILER IS LOADED WHENOPERATING LANDING GEAR, LOADMUST BE CENTERED ON THETRAILER.
3. DO NOT TILT SEMITRAILER WITHHYDRAULIC LANDING GEAR ONGROUND.
3-5.3 Activate the TRAILER TILT lever (SeeSection 3-9) “DOWN” until the semitrailer isfully lowered. Hold semitrailer tilt lever in thedown position until hydraulic system worksagainst the bottomed out Hydraulic Tilt Cylin-ders.
3-5.4 Determine that the traveling undercar-riage is completely slid back to transport po-sition. Hold AXLE CONTROL lever (SeeSection 3-10) in the transport position untilhydraulic system works against the fully ex-tended hydraulic telescopic axle cylinder.Shut off hydraulic power.
3-5.5 Check the operation of all lights and sig-nals on the semitrailer for proper response toswitch positions (stop, right turn, left turn,and clearance). Check operation of remotefunction if present.
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3-6
Figure 3-4 Hydraulic Controls
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3-5.6 Check tire inflation, adjust as needed tothe pressure listed on the semitrailer VINplate, located on the front of the semitrailer.
3-5.7 Check tractor/semitrailer rig for air leaks.If air leakage is found, repair the defect be-fore transporting.
3-5.8 Check the oil in each hub for properlevel and freedom from contamination. Ifhubs are contaminated with water, dirt orsome other foreign material, clean beforetransporting.
3-5.9 Check tractor air pressure. Pressuremust not fall below 90 psi, even after activat-ing brakes a couple of times. Set parkingbrake and carefully remove all wheel chocks.Set emergency brake and try pulling forward.The semitrailer wheels must not rotate. Ifsemitrailer brakes do not apply, DO NOTtransport until defect, or defects, are re-paired.
3-6 TOWING THE SEMITRAILER
CAUTION
WHEN OPERATING SEMITRAILER, DONOT BACK OVER CURB. THIS WILLCAUSE SEVERE DAMAGE TO UNDER-CARRIAGE AND UNDERCARRIAGECYLINDER.
Driving the towing vehicle with the semitrailercoupled behind requires constant attention to theoverall length of the combination. The “hinged-in-the-middle” configuration of the tractor and semi-trailer, load, and weight effect performance. Turn-ing, passing, acceleration, braking, stopping, andbackup require special considerations. When exe-cuting steep grades or turning tight curves, thesemitrailer must not be allowed to push the towingvehicle, or jack knifing the semitrailer with the tow-ing vehicle may result. Application of the semi-trailer brakes to keep the semitrailer in tow willhelp prevent this pushing. Braking should beginbefore descending a hill or attempting a curve, toassure control.
3-6.1 Make a moving test of the semitrailerbrakes at low, and medium speeds beforetraveling at highway speed.
a. The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) warninglamp mounted at left rear side of the semi-trailer should come on when power is sup-plied to the ABS by turning the tractorkeyswitch on. The warning lamp should go offonce the semitrailer exceeds 4 mph. If thewarning lamp does not go off, a fault exists inthe semitrailer ABS. Once the vehicle speedexceeds 4 mph, the light should remain offunless a fault occurs or the keyswitch isturned off, then on again.
CAUTION
IF A FAULT EXISTS IN THE SEMI-TRAILER ABS, NORMAL BRAKINGWILL OCCUR, BUT WHEELS MAYLOCK. SERVICE THE ABS AS SOONAS POSSIBLE.
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3-6.2 Monitor the air pressure gauge on thedash of the towing vehicle. Pressure shouldnot fall below 90 psi at any time.
3-6.3 The semitrailer wheels track to the in-side of the towing vehicle during turns. Thus,turning corners requires a wide swing to pre-vent “curb hopping”, and to allow the semi-trailer wheels to clear any obstacle on the in-side of the corner.
3-6.4 To stop, use a gradual and smooth ap-plication of brakes. If grabbing occurs, applyless pressure - grabbing brakes are not effi-cient.
WARNING
ALWAYS CHECK BEHIND AND UNDERTHE TRUCK AND SEMITRAILER FORPERSONS OR OBJECTS BEFOREMOVING. FAILURE TO CHECK CANLEAD TO SERIOUS PERSONAL IN-JURY OR DEATH TO OTHERS, ORDAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
3-6.5 Backing should be done with care. Tailoverhang, semitrailer length, and allowablespace must be taken into consideration whenbacking the semitrailer.
3-7 PARKING THE TRAILER
3-7.1 Position truck/semitrailer rig on a level,solid surface.
3-7.2 Set the PARKING BRAKE, not thesemitrailer hand brake, and check for properbrake holding.
3-7.3 Chock wheels of semitrailer.3-7.4 Check for any air leaks in lines, relay
valve, brake pods, or any other air systemcomponent.
WARNING
WHEN LEAVING THE SEMITRAILERUNATTENDED, POSITION ALL HY-DRAULIC CONTROLS TO THE NEU-TRAL OR “OFF” POSITION AND SHUTOFF THE HYDRAULIC ENGINE POWERSUPPLY, OR DISCONNECT THE TRAC-TOR HYDRAULIC HOOK-UP.
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3-8 UNCOUPLING TOWING VEHICLE FROM SEMITRAILER
3-8.1 Park the semitrailer according to instruc-tions in Section 3-7.
3-8.2 Lower the landing gear:
WARNING
WITH PIN DROP OR HYDRAULICLANDING GEAR BE SURE TO SECUREEACH LEG WITH PIN BEFORE LEAV-ING SEMITRAILER UNATTENDED.
a. Lower the pin drop landing gear to theground. Hydraulically raise front end of semi-trailer until next hole in landing gear is avail-able. Pin through both inner and outer legs oflanding gear. Hydraulically lower semitraileronto legs.
CAUTION
ALWAYS GRIP CRANK HANDLE SE-CURELY WITH BOTH HANDS. NEVERSHIFT LANDING GEAR UNDER LOAD.NEVER LEAVE THE GEARS IN NEU-TRAL OR THE CRANK UNSECURED.
b. For optional crank landing gear, turn crankhandle clockwise to extend. Using high gear,lower the landing gear until the pads makecontact with the ground. To reduce the loadon the fifth wheel, shift to low gear and crankan additional four to eight turns. Leave thelanding gear engaged in low gear.
c. For hydraulic landing gear, extend landinggear with lever on Engine Control Panel untilthe full weight of the trailer is on the landinggear. Secure each leg by inserting a pin.
3-8.3 Disconnect the emergency and serviceair lines and attach them to the tractor glad-hand holders. If present, install dummy glad-hands on trailer couplings.
3-8.4 Disconnect the 7-pole cable and hy-draulic lines from the semitrailer and storewith the tractor.
3-8.5 Pull the tractor fifth wheel plate latch re-lease lever.
3-8.6 Attempt to pull the tractor forward. If thetractor uncouples, verify all service lines aredisconnected and semitrailer wheels arechocked. If tractor does not disconnect, re-peat Section 3-8.5 and 3-8.6.
3-8.7 Pull the tractor away from the semi-trailer.
DANGER
ALWAYS CHECK BEHIND AND UNDERTHE TRUCK AND SEMITRAILER FORPERSONS OR OBJECTS BEFOREMOVING. FAILURE TO CHECK CANLEAD TO SERIOUS PERSONAL IN-JURY OR DEATH TO OTHERS, ORDAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
3-9 TRAILER TILT LEVER
The TRAILER TILT lever is located on thedriver’s side of the upper deck. (See Figures 3-1and 3-4) It is the middle lever and has three posi-tions:
UP In this position, the front end of thesemitrailer rises to the load position.
CENTER This is the neutral position. Thesemitrailer stays in its current posi-tion.
DOWN In this position, the front end of thesemitrailer lowers to the transport po-sition.
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3-10 AXLE CONTROL LEVER
The AXLE CONTROL lever (See Figure 3-4)is located on the control panel. It is the top leverwith three positions:
LOAD In this position, the undercarriageslides forward for loading.
CENTER This is the neutral position.TRANSPORTIn this position, the undercarriage
slides to the rear. The undercarriagemust be in the rear-most position fortransport.
3-11 SWINGOUT OUTRIGGER PLATFORM EXTENSION SET-UP
(OPTION)(See Figure 3-5)
3-11.1 Unlatch and fold out swing-out outrig-gers.
3-11.2 Unlatch pull-out extension by pullingspring loaded latch pin. Slide extension outuntil it latches again.
3-11.3 Place planks on outriggers and assem-ble end to end using braces, 3/8"-16 x 2-1/4"bolts, washers, and nuts.
3-11.4 Plank joints must be centered on outrig-gers.
3-11.5 To remove pull-out extension, reversesteps 3-11.1 through 3-11.3b.
3-11.6 Remove only two bolts for each joint asshown in Figure 3-5. Leave braces attachedto boards for storage.
3-10
Figure 3-5 Outrigger Platform Extension
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3-12 PULL OUT EXTENSIONS
DANGER
1. DO NOT OPERATE IF ANY EXTEN-SION IS NOT LOCKED IN PLACE BYSPRING LOADED LOCKING PIN. IN-SPECT ALL EXTENSIONS TO INSUREEACH IS LOCKED SECURELY IN POSI-TION BY THE SPRING LOADED LOCK-ING PIN.
2. REMOVE AND SECURELY STOREALL WHEEL COVER EXTENSIONSWHICH ARE NOT HELD DOWN SE-CURELY BY THE LOAD WHEN TRANS-PORTING TRAILER.
CAUTION
DO NOT PULL EXTENSIONS OUT OFTRAILER FRAME WITHOUT ADE-QUATE SUPPORT. FAILURE DO SOMAY CAUSE INJURY.
3-12.1 Pull out extensions are adjustable in sixinch increments. Extension lock pin can beheld in released position when pulled backand rotated one quarter turn into catch (SeeFigure 3-6).
3-12.2 Adjust pullout to desired extended posi-tion and trip lock pin to secure.
WARNING
1. DO NOT OVERLOAD EXTENSIONS.OVERWIDTH RATINGS ARE GIVEN INSTANDARD SPECIFICATIONS.
2. DO NOT SECURE LOAD TO OVER-WIDTHS OR UNDERCARRIAGE. SE-CURE LOAD FRAME TO MOUNTED D-RINGS OR GOTCHAS LOCATED INTHE APPROACH PLATE AND FRAMEBEAM FLANGES. FAILURE TO DO SOMAY CAUSE SERIOUS INJURY ORDEATH.
3-12.3 Additional blocking or planking may beneeded to support load wheels/tracks be-tween the rearmost overwidth and theground.
3-12.4 Install the flag holders in the secondhole of the front, center, and rear overwidthtubes and secure with lock washer and wingnut so the flag mounting tube is pointing up-ward. Secure approved flags in the mountingtube with the spring loaded retaining pin.Reference FMCSR Part 393.87 and applica-ble state and local regulations concerningflags on projecting loads.
3-12.5 If required, display oversize load signs.
3-11
Figure 3-6 Pull Out Extensions
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3-13 LOADING PROCEDURE
DANGER
1. DO NOT GO NEAR UNDERCAR-RIAGE WHEN CAM ROLLERS AREPARTIALLY OUT OF POCKETS.CHECK THAT CAM ROLLERS ARECOMPLETELY IN, OR COMPLETELYOUT OF POCKETS. IF A HYDRAULICHOSE IS DISCONNECTED FROM THESYSTEM, THE UNDERCARRIAGECOULD SLIDE ABRUPTLY INTO THEPOCKETS.
2. THE CENTER OF GRAVITY OF THELOAD MUST BE IN FRONT OF THECENTER OF THE UNDERCARRIAGEWHENEVER THE APPROACH PLATEIS NOT SUPPORTED BY THE GROUND.FAILURE TO DO THIS CAN CAUSE THESEMITRAILER TO TILT BACK ANDCAN RESULT IN INJURY OR DEATH.
3. KEEP ALL PERSONS CLEAR WHILETILTING TRAILER TO AVOID SERIOUSINJURY OR DEATH BY BEINGPINCHED IN TRAILER BED.
CAUTION
DO NOT ALLOW THE BACK TRAILERAXLE TO LEAVE THE GROUND. THISCAN RESULT IN DAMAGE TO SEMI-TRAILER.
CAUTION
TILTING THE SEMITRAILER DECKWILL INCREASE TENSION ON THEWINCH CABLE, WHICH CAN CAUSETHE LOAD TO BE PULLED FORWARD.DO NOT HOOK THE CABLE TO THELOWER DECK WHEN TILTING.
3-13.1 Practice all standard industrial safetystandards. Do not load any payload that willoverload any component of the trailer orcause an unsafe condition.
3-13.2 Park the tractor/semitrailer in a straightline on level even surface. Set the tractorbrakes and release the semitrailer brakes(See Figure 3-7).
3-13.3 Start operation of hydraulic power sys-tem. If the hydraulic engine package is in-stalled, start and warm up engine followingengine operating instructions in Section3-18. (Read engine operator’s manual.)
3-13.4 Move undercarriage forward (out ofpockets) five to eight feet using the AXLECONTROL lever (See Section 3-10). To in-sure that the trailer does not rock back, keepundercarriage behind the trailer center ofgravity.
3-13.5 Using the TRAILER TILT lever (SeeSection 3-9) tilt the front of the bed up untilapproach plate touches the ground or is tofull tilt position. If winch cable is connected tolower bed, disconnect cable from lower bedor reel out cable as needed to keep it frombecoming too tight when tilting bed (SeeSection 3-16).
3-13.6 If the approach plate has not touchedthe ground, move undercarriage forward untilapproach plate just touches the ground.
3-13.7 Alternate between lowering bed tilt an-gle and moving undercarriage fully forwardso weight of the trailer bed rests partly onapproach plate and partly on undercarriageas undercarriage is moved forward. Reelwinch in or out as needed to keep some ten-sion on cable. The object is to have the ap-proach plate resting on the ground wheneverthe center of gravity of the trailer and load isbehind the center of the undercarriage. Inloading or unloading position, the approachplate should be resting on the ground andthe undercarriage fully forward.
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CAUTION
IN LOADING OR UNLOADING POSI-TION, THE APPROACH PLATESHOULD BE RESTING ON THEGROUND AND THE UNDERCARRIAGEFULLY FORWARD.
WARNING
ALWAYS USE LOW LOAD ANGLE TOLOAD AND UNLOAD POWEREDPRODUCTS.
IMPORTANT
MAXIMUM ANGLE IS ONLY INTENDED IF RE-QUIRED FOR UNLOADING NON-POWEREDPRODUCTS AND TO TRANSFER LOAD TOTRACTOR. TRANSFER LOAD TO TRACTOR BYRAISING DECK AND MOVING AXLESREARWARD UNTIL LOAD IS FORWARD OFREAR AXLE, THUS APPLYING LOAD TO TRAC-TOR.3-13.8 Winch or drive the load onto the semi-
trailer. Insure that the load is steering straightup onto the semitrailer and does not maneu-ver off the side of the semitrailer. Continueuntil load center of gravity is just ahead ofthe axles, if possible. The load should neverplace more weight on the kingpin than on therear axles during loading and unloading.
CAUTION
TANDEM AXLE SEMITRAILER MAXI-MUM CONCENTRATED LOAD IN A10FT. AREA IS 40,000 LBS. FOR ASTANDARD SEMITRAILER AND 50,000LBS. WITH ADDITIONALCROSSMEMBERS. TRIPLE AXLESEMITRAILER MAXIMUM CONCEN-TRATED LOAD IN A 16FT. AREA IS70,000 LBS.
CAUTION
1. THE SEMITRAILER MUST BE COU-PLED TO A TRACTOR AND THE LAND-ING GEAR RAISED OFF THE GROUNDBEFORE OPERATING.
2. DO NOT EXCEED THE GROSS AXLEWEIGHT RATINGS FOR ANY AXLE ONYOUR VEHICLE. THE COMBINEDWEIGHT OF THE SEMITRAILER ANDCARGO MUST NOT EXCEED THEGROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT RATING(GVWR) OF THE TRAILER.
3-13.9 Securely tie down the load and attachthe winch cable to the front of the load, if it isnot already attached. Reel in winch cable un-til it becomes tight. (Winch cable serves as asafety tiedown in case load tiedown fails butis not to replace tie downs.)
3-13.10 To adjust trailer to a transport position,alternate between tilting the front of the bedup toward full tilt position and moving the un-dercarriage rearward, until the center ofgravity of the trailer load is ahead of the cen-ter of the undercarriage. Keep part of theload on the wheels and part on the approachplate. Reel winch out as needed to keepslight tension on the cable. Never move theundercarriage so far to the rear that the ap-proach plate is lifted off the ground.
3-13.11 When the center of gravity of thetrailer and load is in front of the undercar-riage or when the trailer is in full tilt and theundercarriage as far back as possible with-out lifting the approach plate off the ground,fully lower the tilt angle. Reel in the winchcable as needed to keep slight tension onthe cable.
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3-14
Figure 3-7 Steps for Loading and Unloading
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3-13.12 After bed tilt angle is fully lowered,move the undercarriage to the rear until it isin transport position. The trailer deck willlower as the undercarriage rollers go intopockets. Hold TRAILER TILT lever in thedown position until hydraulic system worksagainst the bottomed out Hydraulic Tilt Cylin-ders (Approximately 2-5 seconds). HoldAXLE CONTROL lever in the transport posi-tion until hydraulic system works against thefully extended Hydraulic Axle Cylinder (Ap-proximately 15-30 seconds).
3-13.13 Recheck that load is properly secured.If necessary, unsecure the load, move loadslightly forward or rearward on the load bedto get correct weight distribution on kingpinand the trailer axles, and resecure the loadwith the tiedowns and winch cable.
3-13.14 Shut down hydraulic power system. Ifhydraulic engine package is installed, shutdown the auxiliary hydraulic power enginefollowing operating instructions in Section3-18. Assure maintenance schedule is up-to-date and semitrailer is ready to be pulled.
3-14 UNLOADING PROCEDURE
3-14.1 Practice all standard industrial safetystandards.
3-14.2 Park the tractor/semitrailer in a straightline on a level even surface (See Figure3-7). Set the tractor brakes and release thesemitrailer brakes.
3-14.3 Start operation of hydraulic power sys-tem. If the hydraulic engine package is in-stalled, start and warm up the auxiliary hy-draulic power engine following engine operat-ing instructions in Section 3-18.
3-14.4 Move load as far forward as is practicalon the trailer and secure with appropriateload tiedowns.
3-14.5 Using the AXLE CONTROL lever (SeeSection 3-10), move undercarriage forward(out of pockets) five to eight feet, or just be-hind the center of gravity of the loaded semi-trailer. This is to insure that the trailer doesnot rock back. Actual center of gravity will re-locate to the rear as the trailer is tilted up.
CAUTION
DO NOT ALLOW THE BACK SEMI-TRAILER AXLE TO LEAVE THEGROUND. THIS CAN RESULT IN DAM-AGE TO THE SEMITRAILER.
3-14.6 Using the TRAILER TILT lever (SeeSection 3-9), raise the front of bed up to fulltilt position reeling out winch cable asneeded to keep slight tension on the cable.
3-14.7 If the approach plate has not touchedthe ground, move the undercarriage forwarduntil the approach plate touches the groundand starts supporting the trailer. Then alter-nate between moving the undercarriage for-ward while lowering the tilt angle and reelingin the winch cable. The object is to keep apart of the weight on the approach plate, andpart of the weight on the wheels while lower-ing the tilt angle and keeping slight tensionon the winch cable. Always use low load an-gle to unload powered products. To achievelow load angle, the undercarriage has to beall the way forward. The maximum load an-gle is only intended, if required, for unloadingnon-powered products and to transfer load totractor. Transfer load to tractor by raisingdeck and moving axles toward rear until loadis forward of rear axle, thus transferring loadto tractor.
WARNING
ALWAYS USE LOW LOAD ANGLE TOLOAD AND UNLOAD POWEREDPRODUCTS.
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IMPORTANT
MAXIMUM ANGLE IS ONLY INTENDED IF RE-QUIRED FOR UNLOADING NON-POWEREDPRODUCTS AND TO TRANSFER LOAD TOTRACTOR. TRANSFER LOAD TO TRACTOR BYRAISING DECK AND MOVING AXLESREARWARD UNTIL LOAD IS FORWARD OFREAR AXLE, THUS APPLYING LOAD TO TRAC-TOR.3-14.8 If load is non-powered, insure that the
winch cable is firmly attached to the load andtension is on the cable. Tilt trailer accordingto Sections 3-14.5 through 3-14.7, adjustingtension on winch cable as required. Withwinch cable firmly attached to load and suffi-cient tension on the cable so load securingdevices can be safely removed, removeother load securing devices. Use the winchto assist the load down to end of approachplate. With end of load resting on ground,block load from rolling or sliding, if neces-sary. Disconnect the winch and move thetrailer from under the load, allowing the loadto move off trailer to the ground.
3-14.9 If powered load is secured to lowerdeck only, tilt semitrailer according to Sec-tion 3-14.7. Make sure the trailer is tilted tothe low load angle. Check that poweredequipment parking brakes are set and winchcable hooked to powered equipment withsufficient tension so load securing devicescan be removed. Remove safety secure de-vices. Take tension off winch cable and re-move winch cable. Power load off the trailer.
WARNING
WHEN REMOVING LOAD, INSURETHAT THE LOAD IS STEERINGSTRAIGHT SO IT DOES NOT MANEU-VER OFF THE SIDE OF THE SEMI-TRAILER. FAILURE TO DO SO COULDRESULT IN DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT,INJURY, OR DEATH.
3-14.10 If powered load is secured to both up-per and lower deck, attention is required be-fore tilting the trailer. Adjust load securingdevices to allow semitrailer to tilt and suffi-ciently secure load from movement whilesemitrailer is tilted to low load angle beforetilting the semitrailer.
3-14.11 Before returning the semitrailer totransport position insure that there is suffi-cient distance between the load and the rearof the semitrailer so that the semitrailer doesnot hit the load when being folded back totransport position.
CAUTION
BEFORE RETURNING THE SEMI-TRAILER TO TRANSPORT POSITION,INSURE THAT THERE IS SUFFICIENTDISTANCE BETWEEN THE LOAD ANDTHE REAR OF THE SEMITRAILER.FAILURE TO DO SO MAY RESULT INDAMAGE TO THE SEMITRAILERAND/OR LOAD.
3-14.12 Using the TRAILER TILT lever (SeeSection 3-9) and AXLE CONTROL lever(See Section 3-10), alternate between tiltingthe front of the bed up to full tilt position andmoving undercarriage to the rear as trailerwheels become unloaded. Keep part of theload on the wheels and part on the approachplate. Never move undercarriage so far tothe rear that the approach plate is lifted offthe ground when center of gravity of semi-trailer and load is behind center of undercar-riage. Never allow wheels to leave theground while the trailer is tilted.
3-14.13 After the trailer is fully tilted and theundercarriage is as far back as possiblewithout lifting the approach plate off theground, fully lower bed tilt angle.
3-14.14 With bed tilt angle fully lowered, moveundercarriage rearward to transport position.Hold TRAILER TILT lever in the down posi-tion until hydraulic system works against thebottomed out Hydraulic Tilt Cylinders (Ap-proximately 2-5 seconds). Hold AXLE CON-TROL lever in the transport position until hy-draulic system works against the fully ex-tended Hydraulic Axle Cylinder (Approxi-mately 15-30 seconds).
3-14.15 Reel in winch cable and secure hookon upper deck.
3-14.16 Shut down hydraulic power system. Ifhydraulic engine package is installed, shutdown the auxiliary hydraulic power enginefollowing operating instructions in Section3-18.
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3-15 WORK LIGHT (OPTIONAL)
The WORK LIGHT SWITCH is on the hydrauliccontrol panel. It illuminates the hydraulic controlpanel and controls the optional work lightsmounted on the bulkhead. The work lights illumi-nate the upper deck.
3-16 WINCH CONTROLS
DANGER
1. THE WINCH IS NOT DESIGNED ORINTENDED TO BE USED FOR LIFTINGOR MOVING PEOPLE. USING IT THISWAY CAN CAUSE SERIOUS INJURYOR DEATH.
2. MAKE CERTAIN THE WINCH CABLESPOOL CLUTCH IS SET TO ENGAGEAND CLUTCH IS FULLY ENGAGED BE-FORE LOAD TENSION IS APPLIED TOWINCH CABLE. NEVER ATTEMPT TODISENGAGE THE WINCH CABLESPOOL WHEN THE CABLE IS UNDERTENSION. LOSS OF LOAD CONTROL,PROPERTY DAMAGE, INJURY ORDEATH CAN RESULT.
3. FAILURE TO LEAVE AT LEAST FIVEWINCH CABLE WRAPS ON THE WINCHCABLE SPOOL COULD ALLOW THECABLE TO COME OFF THE SPOOL,RESULTING IN SERIOUS PERSONALINJURY OR DEATH.
WARNING
DO NOT HANDLE THE WINCH CABLEWHEN THE WINCH IS IN THE ENGAGEPOSITION. HANDS OR CLOTHINGCOULD GET CAUGHT IN THE CABLEAND BE PULLED INTO THE SPOOLCAUSING SERIOUS PERSONAL IN-JURY.
3-16.1 The WINCH HYDRAULIC lever (SeeFigures 3-1 and 3-4) is the top lever locatedon the control panel. It is a three positioncontrol:
IN This position will cause the winch toreel cable onto the winch spool whenthe winch clutch handle is engaged.
CENTER This is the neutral position. This po-sition will not operate the winch.
OUT This position will cause the winch toreel cable off of the winch spoolwhen the winch is engaged.
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3-16.2 The WINCH CLUTCH HANDLE (SeeFigure 3-8 and 3-9) is located on the right orcurb-side end of the winch assembly. Thefunction of the WINCH CLUTCH HANDLE isto engage or disengage the winch, allowing itto respond to the WINCH HYDRAULICLEVER. For trailers equipped with optionalPNEUMATIC WINCH CONTROL (20,000 lb.and 30,000 lb. winches only), the control is aswitch on the control panel (See Figure 3-9).If the semitrailer also has the optional winchair tensioner, it also is controlled by thesame switch on the control panel. For the20,000 lb. and 30,000 lb. winch, this switchcontrols both the clutch and the winch airtensioner simultaneously. For the 12,000 lb.winch, this switch controls only the air ten-sioner.
CAUTION
A MINIMUM OF 5 WRAPS OF CABLEMUST BE LEFT ON THE WINCH DRUM.
a. The 12,000 lb. WINCH CLUTCH HANDLEhas two positions: (See Figure 3-8)
DISENGAGE When the handle is placed is this po-sition, the winch is disengaged. Thisallows the spool to “free-wheel” andthe winch is not affected by use ofthe Winch Hydraulic lever.
ENGAGE When the handle is placed in this po-sition, the winch is engaged and ca-ble may be spooled on or off thewinch spool. The winch can now becontrolled through the use of theWinch Hydraulic lever.
b. The 20,000 lb WINCH CLUTCH HANDLEhas two positions. (See Figure 3-9).
DISENGAGE When the handle is placed in this po-sition, the winch is disengaged. Thisallows the spool to “free-wheel” andthe winch is not affected by use ofthe Winch In/Out lever.
ENGAGE When the handle is placed in this po-sition, the winch is engaged and ca-ble may be spooled on or off thewinch spool. The winch can now becontrolled through the use of theWinch In/Out lever.
3-18
Figure 3-8 12,000# Winch Clutch Figure 3-9 20,000# Winch Clutch
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c. The 20,000 lb and 30,000 lb PNEUMATICWINCH CONTROL has two positions.
RELEASE In this position, the winch is disen-gaged and air tension (if present) isreleased from the cable. Allow up to15 seconds for release of air tension.The cable can then “free-wheel”. Thecable may need to be slackened toallow winch to disengage.
IMPORTANT
WHEN REELING WINCH, MOMENTARILY RO-TATE REEL IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION TO RE-LIEVE TENSION ON WINCH GEARS. THIS WILLAID IN WINCH RELEASE.
TENSION In this position, the winch is engagedand cable can be “power” spooled inor out. The winch is now controlledby the Winch Hydraulic Lever. Winchair tensioner will also be engaged, ifpresent.
d. The 20,000 lb WINCH AIR TENSION orpressure on the cable is controlled by an airpressure regulator located behind the maincontrol panel. It is set at 60 psi but can be ad-justed, if desired, for more or less tension.
1. To adjust, turn the regulator adjustingknob. Clockwise rotation increases andcounterclockwise rotation decreases outletpressure and tension.
2. When reducing from a higher to a lowersetting, first reduce to some pressure lessthan that desired, then bring up to thedesired point.
3. Push lockring on adjusting knob downwardto lock pressure setting. To release, pushlockring upward. Free spool tension isapplied by adjustable spring load on thecable. Free spool tension can be adjusted,if desired, for more or less free spooltension.
e. The 30,000 lb WINCH AIR TENSION orpressure on the cable is controlled at systemair pressure for operation. An air pressureregulator located behind the main controlpanel is used to reduce air pressure and ca-ble tension during free spool. It is set at 60psi, but can be adjusted, if desired, for moreor less free spool tension. For adjustmentprocedure, see Section 3-16.2d. 1. through3.
f. Once the winch is selected, winch operationis the same as described in Section 3-16.1.
IMPORTANT
REMOTE CONTROL OPERATION IS DE-SCRIBED IN SECTION 3-21.
3-17 DOCK LEVELER CONTROL OPERATION (OPTION)
DANGER
WHEN USING DOCK LEVELERS, THESEMITRAILER MUST BE KEPT LEVELAT ALL TIMES. DO NOT LOWER THEPARKING STANDS. LOADS BEINGPLACED ON THE SEMITRAILER MUSTBE KEPT CENTERED ON THE SEMI-TRAILER. AN UNLEVEL SEMITRAILERMAY ALLOW A LOAD TO SLIDE, CAUS-ING INJURY OR DEATH TO ANYONENEAR THE LOAD!
DANGER
1. DO NOT OPERATE DOCK LEVEL-ERS WITH UNDERCARRIAGE OUT OFREAR POCKETS.
2. DO NOT OPERATE DOCK LEVEL-ERS WITH INSUFFICIENT SPACE ONBOTH SIDES OF THE SEMITRAILER.SEMITRAILER WILL LEAN TOWARDTHE SIDE WITH THE SHORTEST CYL-INDER. PERSONS OR EQUIPMENTCAN BE CRUSHED BETWEEN SEMI-TRAILER SIDE AND RIGID OBJECTS.
3. TRACTOR PARK BRAKES MUST BESET WHEN USING DOCK LEVELERS.
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3-20
Figure 3-10 Dock Leveler Operation
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CAUTION
BE SURE TO CHECK THAT THE DOCKLEVELERS ARE FULLY RETRACTEDBEFORE MOVING THE SEMITRAILER.FAILURE TO RETRACT THE DOCKLEVELERS BEFORE OPERATING CANCAUSE SEVERE DAMAGE TO THESEMITRAILER.
3-17.1 The DOCK LEVELER SELECTOR islocated on the control panel. It switches con-trol of the hydraulics to the DOCK LEVELERCONTROLS (See Section 3-17.2).
IN Dock Leveler Controls are operable.OUT The Tilt, Winch, and Axle functions
can be used, and the Dock Leveleris inoperable.
3-17.2 The DOCK LEVELER CONTROLS arelocated under the deck on the driver’s side,between the axles (See Figure 3-10). Thereare two controls which adjust the height ofthe dock leveler cylinders. The front-mostcontrol adjusts the cylinder on the driver’s orstreet side of the semitrailer. The rear-mostcontrol adjusts the cylinder on the curb-sideof the semitrailer. Both controls have threepositions.
IN When the control for either cylinderis pushed in, toward the center of thesemitrailer, the corresponding dockleveler cylinder retracts and trailerbed is lowered.
CENTER This position is neutral for either con-trol. When either control is in this po-sition, there is no effect on either cyl-inder.
OUT When the control for either cylinderis pulled out, away from the center ofthe semitrailer, the correspondingdock leveler cylinder extends andtrailer bed is raised.
3-17.3 If your semitrailer is equipped with op-tional dock leveler hydraulics, these may beused to level the rear of the semitrailer to aloading dock.
3-17.4 Park the semitrailer in front of the dockaccording to instructions in Section 3-7.
3-17.5 Engage hydraulic power supply. Push inthe DOCK LEVELER SELECTOR so hy-draulic power is available to the Dock Lev-eler circuit. Use the DOCK LEVELER CON-TROLS to raise the rear corners of the semi-trailer as needed. Operate both controls atthe same time. Pull the DOCK LEVELERCONTROLS to raise the semitrailer deck (toextend the dock leveler legs). Push theDOCK LEVELER CONTROLS to lower thesemitrailer deck (to retract the semitrailerlegs). Use one control to level adjust thesemitrailer bed.
IMPORTANT
BE SURE TO RETRACT THE DOCK LEVELERSCOMPLETELY WHEN FINISHED. PUSH THEDOCK LEVELER CONTROLS IN - AT THE SAMETIME - TO RETRACT THE DOCK LEVELERLEGS AND LOWER THE SEMITRAILER BED.3-17.6 Pull out DOCK LEVELER SELECTOR
to return semitrailer hydraulics to normal op-eration. Shut off the hydraulic power.
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3-18 HYDRAULIC POWER SUPPLY ENGINE OPERATION (OPTION)
3-18.1 The Hydraulic Power Supply Enginesystem is used to power the hydraulic func-tions, should the tractor not be equipped withhydraulic hookups.
IMPORTANT
1. CHECK THE FOLLOWING FLUIDS BEFORESTARTING THE ENGINE PACKAGE: ENGINEOIL, FUEL SUPPLY, HYDRAULIC OIL. (CHECKOIL LEVEL WHILE SEMITRAILER IS NOTTILTED WILL CHANGE THE OIL LEVEL IN THETANK.)
2. IF THE ENGINE DOES NOT CRANK, CHECKTHE FOLLOWING ON THE BATTERY: CHARGEFLUID, TERMINALS, AND CABLES. TAKE COR-RECTIVE ACTIONS AS NEEDED.
CAUTION
IF THE HYDRAULIC FLUID LEVEL ISLOW DURING OPERATION, THE SEMI-TRAILER MAY NOT OPERATE COR-RECTLY, RESULTING IN DAMAGE TOTHE SEMITRAILER.
3-18.2 The ENGINE IGNITION SWITCH is lo-cated on the engine control panel on thedriver’s side of the semitrailer. Use the keyto start and stop the Hydraulic Power SupplyEngine. (See Figure 3-11). This switch hasthree positions:
OFF In this position, the power packageengine does not run. The key canonly be inserted or removed fromthis position.
RUN In this position, the engine runs with-out activating the starter.
START In this position, the starter cranks thepower package engine, to start it. Af-ter the engine is started, release thekey to the RUN position.
3-22
Figure 3-11 Engine Control Panel
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3-18.3 The HYDRAULIC POWER SUPPLYENGINE CHOKE (See Figure 3-11) is lo-cated to the left of the Engine Ignition Switchon the driver’s side of the semitrailer. Thepurpose of the Choke is to aid the startingprocedure.
IN This is normal operating position.OUT Set the choke in this position as an
aid to start the engine. Once the en-gine is started, push in the chokefully.
3-18.4 The HYDRAULIC POWER SUPPLYENGINE THROTTLE is located to the belowthe choke on the driver’s side of the semi-trailer. The Engine Throttle controls thespeed at which the engine operates (SeeFigure 3-11). It is a variable position control:
FULL OUT In this position, the engine throttle isfully open, letting it run at full speed.
FULL IN In this position, the engine throttle isclosed, letting the engine run at aslow idle.
3-18.5 To start, pull the choke completely outand set the throttle to the MEDIUM IDLE po-sition.
3-18.6 Turn the ignition key to the START po-sition. The engine should crank and thenstart.
CAUTION
DO NOT CRANK ENGINE FOR MORETHAN 10 SECONDS. IF ENGINE DOESNOT START, CONSULT THE OWNER’SMANUAL SUPPLIED WITH THE EN-GINE.
3-18.7 When the engine starts, release thekey. Gradually push the choke lever in untilthe engine runs smoothly.
IMPORTANT
BLACK SMOKE FROM THE EXHAUST AND AROUGH ENGINE INDICATE OVERCHOKING.3-18.8 To adjust the speed, turn the throttle
control in or out, as needed, until the engineruns smoothly at a speed capable of with-standing use of the hydraulic controls. Thehydraulic controls should now be functional.
3-18.9 Before shutting it off, allow the engineto cool down by running at a slow idle forthirty seconds. Then turn the ignition switchto the off position.
3-18.10 Once the engine is cool, turn or pushthe throttle and choke control completely inand turn the key to the OFF position.
3-19 AIR RIDE OPERATION
3-19.1 Trailer air pressure must be maintainedabove 90 PSI before operating. PROTEC-TION VALVES are used to maintain 65 PSIair brake pressure during suspension or re-mote system air loss.
3-19.2 The Model 660B tandem axle semi-trailer is equipped with a ride control valvelocated on front axle. When moving the un-dercarriage from transport to load position,the front axle is raised off ground, causingsuspension air bags to deflate achieving lowload angle.
CAUTION
IF SUSPENSION AIR LOSS SHOULDOCCUR, COMPLETELY DEFLATE SUS-PENSION AND TEMPORARILY OPER-ATE ON THE AIR SPRINGS INTERNALRUBBER BUMPERS. CAREFULLYPROCEED TO THE NEAREST SEMI-TRAILER SERVICE FACILITY. TO DE-FLATE THE AIR SUSPENSION, DIS-CONNECT THE LOWER CONNECTIONON THE LINKAGE OF THE AUTOMATICAIR VALVES. ROTATE THE VALVECONTROL ARMS DOWN ABOUT 45o
TO EXHAUST THE AIR. TO RESTORETO NORMAL OPERATION, SIMPLY RE-VERSE THE PROCEDURE.
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3-19.3 The Model 610B triple axle semitrailer,with 10’-1" spread between front and rear ax-les is equipped with additional height controlvalves to adjust the suspension during load-ing and unloading operations. When movingthe undercarriage from transport to load posi-tion, the undercarriage is tilted with the cen-ter axle air bags inflated and rear axle sus-pension air bags deflated to achieve low loadangle. This function positions the center axlefor added undercarriage support to the semi-trailer and payload when tilted for loading/un-loading.
CAUTION
INSURE SUSPENSION AIR BAGS AREINFLATED ON ALL AXLES WHEN MOV-ING UNDERCARRIAGE FROM LOADTO TRANSPORT POSITION. FAILURETO DO SO CAN CAUSE EXCESSIVETIRE WEAR.
3-19.4 Different tractor fifth wheel heights mayaffect proper operation of the triple axle sus-pension air system. In the event front andrear axle suspension air bags are not inflatedor feel soft by the time the undercarriage hasreached transport position, adjustment to thefront and rear axle control valve linkage maybe required. (See Section 4-6.4 j.).
3-20 BULKHEAD (OPTION)
3-20.1 Optional bulkheads may come with orwithout chain racks. To remove a bulkhead,disconnect the electrical harness (if worklights are present), remove retaining pinsholding the bulkhead into the pockets on thesemitrailer front and bolts and nuts attachingthe bulkhead extensions and supports to thedeck, and lift the bulkhead off.
DANGER
TO AVOID SERIOUS INJURY, ALL RE-MOVABLE ATTACHMENTS MUST BEFIRMLY ATTACHED WITH FASTENERSPROVIDED AT ALL TIMES.
3-24
Figure 3-12 Bulkhead
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3-21 REMOTE CONTROL (OPTION)
3-21.1 The wired remote control plugs into anelectrical receptacle usually located on thehydraulic control panel. Optional receptaclelocations are on the rear street side or bothrear street and rear curb sides. The wired re-mote is available as a single, dual, or triplefunction.
3-21.2 A wireless radio remote control is alsoavailable in triple function (See Figure 3-13).
3-21.3 The single function wired remote oper-ates like the WINCH HYDRAULIC LEVER(See Section 3-16.1).
3-21.4 The dual function wired remote oper-ates the winch in/out and either the tilt, axle,or winch tension: or the tilt and axle.
a. The selector switch at the top of the remotebox selects the function to be operated(WINCH HYDRAULIC, TRAILER TILT, AXLECONTROL, OR WINCH TENSIONER).
b. The two buttons will function like the controllevers for the WINCH HYDRAULIC (See Sec-tion 3-16.1), TRAILER TILT (See Section3-9), AXLE CONTROL (See Section 3-10),or WINCH TENSIONER (See Section3-16.2).
3-21.5 The triple function wired remote oper-ates the winch in/out, tilt, and either the axleor winch tension.
a. There are three switches which function likethe control levers for the WINCH HYDRAU-LIC (See Section 3-16.1), TRAILER TILT(See Section 3-9), AXLE CONTROL (SeeSection 3-10), or WINCH TENSIONER (SeeSection 3-16.2).
3-21.6 The wireless radio remote has six mo-mentary push button switches that operatethe functions as labeled on the hand held re-mote.
IMPORTANT
ON WINCHES WITH THE AIR TENSION OPTION,THE WINCH TENSION IS ENGAGED AUTO-MATICALLY WHEN THE SWITCH IS TURNEDTO WINCH IN/OUT. THE WINCH TENSIONSWITCH ON EITHER THE REMOTE OR THECONTROL PANEL MUST BE USED TO DISEN-GAGE THE WINCH.
3-25
Figure 3-13 Examples of Remote Control Options
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3-26
Figure 3-14 Rear Impact Guard and Antilock Brake System
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3-22 REAR IMPACT GUARD SYSTEM
Vehicle standards FMVSS No. 224, Rear Im-pact Protection, requires all 600 Series trailersmanufactured after January 26, 1998 shall beequipped with a rear impact guard certified by themanufacturer as meeting FMVSS No. 223, RearImpact Guards. The guard, or bumper, (See Fig-ure 3-14), meets the following requirements:
! minimum of 4 inches vertical height
! extend laterally to within 4 inches of thesides of the trailer
! ground clearance of no more than 22 inches
! placed no more than 12 inches from the rearof the trailer.
! capable to deflect 5 inches.
The standard also specifies minimum force andenergy absorption requirements for the guard. ADOT decal certifies that the guard meets FMVSSNo. 223 and 224 standards. The decal is placedand must remain at all times on the forward fac-ing surface of the guard, 12 inches inboard of thecurb side and of the guard. See Figure 3-14 for lo-cation of decals.
Replace any component that does not allowthe above minimum requirements to be met. Anyhardware that holds the rear impact guard and be-comes damaged or becomes loose shall be re-moved and replaced. The 3/4" grade 8 screws thathold the bumper energy pack shall be loctited andtorqued to 280 ft.-lbs.
DANGER
ALWAYS CHECK THE CONDITION OFTHE REAR IMPACT GUARD SYSTEM.IF GUARD SYSTEM HAS BEEN DAM-AGED, IT MUST BE REPLACED. FAIL-URE TO MAINTAIN GUARD SYSTEMMAY RESULT IN INJURY OR DEATHTO OTHERS.
3-23 ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM (ABS)
Vehicle standards FMVSS No. 121, anti-lockbrake system requires all trailers manufactured af-ter March 1, 1998 with air brake systems to haveABS. Each trailer (including a trailer converterdolly) shall be equipped with an anti-lock brakesystem that controls the wheels of at least oneaxle of the trailer. Wheels on other axles of thetrailer may be indirectly controlled by the anti-lockbrake system.
NHTSA Docket 92-29; notice 11 publishedSeptember 23, 1996 specifies the ABS warninglight be mounted near the rear of the left side ofthe trailer (See Figure 3-14).
! Decal or lens marking with ABS to identifythe lamp.
! The lamp must illuminate one time wheneverpower is supplied to the ABS. At any timethe light remains on when power is suppliedthere is a malfunction to the system.
The ABS used on the semitrailer is a commer-cial unit. Single axle trailers use a two sensor, onemodulator system. Tandem and triple axle semi-trailers use a four sensor, two modulator system.Sensors are located at each hub of the front andrear axles, and each modulator controls one sideof the trailer.
The ABS is constant powered by the auxiliary(blue) circuit, center pin on the semitrailer sevenway electrical connector. This circuit must be hotwhenever the tractor keyswitch is on. This circuitmust also not be used to power any additionalelectrical devices while the semitrailer is movingforward. However, additional devices such as re-mote controls may be powered from the auxiliarycircuit while the semitrailer is stationary. Back uppower to the ABS is supplied through the stoplamp (red) circuit, No. 4 pin on the seven way con-nector, and ground is supplied by the white wire,No. 1 pin.
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CAUTION
THE AUXILIARY (BLUE) CIRCUIT ISFOR POWERING THE SEMITRAILERABS. THIS CIRCUIT MUST BE HOTWHEN THE TRACTOR KEY SWITCH ISON. NO OTHER ELECTRICAL DEVICESMAY BE POWERED BY THIS CIRCUITWHILE THE SEMITRAILER IS MOVINGFORWARD.
Malfunction in the ABS is signaled by illumina-tion of the ABS warning lamp located at the leftrear side of the semitrailer. The warning lamp willcome on and stay on while power is supplied tothe ABS on a moving vehicle, if there is a fault. If afault in the ABS exists, normal braking will still oc-cur, but wheels may lock. The semitrailer is still op-erable, but the system should be serviced as soonas possible.
CAUTION
IF A FAULT EXISTS IN THE SEMI-TRAILER ABS, NORMAL BRAKINGWILL OCCUR, BUT WHEELS MAYLOCK. SERVICE THE ABS AS SOONAS POSSIBLE.
The ABS is also equipped with a Blink CodeDiagnostic Tool mounted at the right rear corner ofthe undercarriage or at the very rear of the trailer.This tool is used to identify faults that may occur inthe ABS so that they may be repaired.
Refer to ABS maintenance manual suppliedwith semitrailer to answer basic questions for theanti-lock brake system, obtain outline procedureson how to adjust, test, remove, and install ABScomponents, as well as how to test for faults in thesystem by using “Blink Code Diagnostics”; and il-lustrates ABS components, wiring, and plumbinginstallation diagrams.
3-24 COLD WEATHER OPERATION
3-24.1 Cold weather causes lubricants to con-geal, insulation and rubber parts to becomehard, which may lead to problems found inbearings, electrical systems, and air systems.Moisture attracted by warm parts can con-dense, collect and freeze to immobilizeequipment. The truck/semitrailer operatormust always be alert for indicators of coldweather malfunctions.
3-24.2 During any extended stop period, nei-ther the service nor parking brake should beused as they can freeze up. Use wheelchocks to secure the vehicle from moving.
3-24.3 Check all structural fasteners, air sys-tem fittings, gaskets, seals and bearings forlooseness that can develop due to contrac-tion with cold. Do not over-tighten.
3-24.4 Check tire inflation. Tire inflation de-creases when the temperature decreases.
3-24.5 Periodically check drain holes in the bot-tom of the relay valve (for trailers with airbrakes) and storage compartments. They mustbe open at all times to avoid moisture en-trapment.
3-25 HOT WEATHER OPERATION
3-25.1 Hot weather operation can create cer-tain problems which must be checked. Ex-pansion of parts result in tightening of bear-ings, fasteners, and moving parts. Failure ofgaskets or seals can occur.
3-25.2 The semitrailer should be parked in theshade if possible. Long exposure to the sunwill shorten service life of rubber components(i.e., tires, light and hose grommets, hoses,etc.) and paint life.
3-25.3 Check tire pressure early in the day be-fore beginning operations while the tire iscool. Replace all valve stem caps afterchecking.
3-25.4 If the area is extremely humid, protectelectrical terminals with ignition insulationspray. Coat paint and bare metal surfaceswith an appropriate protective sealer.
3-25.5 The use of a filter-lubricator in the tow-ing vehicle’s air delivery system is recom-mended.
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4MAINTENANCE AND LUBRICATION
This section contains instructions necessary forproper maintenance of the semitrailer. The 600Bsemitrailer is designed for years of service withminimal maintenance. However, proper mainte-nance is important for durability and safe operationand is an owner/user responsibility.
4-1 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
Trailer maintenance includes periodic inspec-tion and lubrication. Table 4-2, MaintenanceSchedule, lists the recommended maintenanceand lubrication tasks by time interval and by accu-mulated mileage (use whichever occurs first). Ta-ble 4-3, Hydraulic Engine Maintenance Sched-ule, lists the recommended maintenance tasks forthe hydraulic engine package.
DANGER
OPERATING THE TRACTOR ORTRAILER WITH DEFECTIVE, BROKENOR MISSING PARTS MAY RESULT INSERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH, DAM-AGE TO THE TRACTOR/TRAILER, ITSCARGO, OR PROPERTY IN ITS PATH.
4-1.1 Inspectiona. Inspect the tractor, the trailer, and trailer
parts periodically for damage or signs ofpending failure. Damaged or broken partsmust be repaired or replaced at once. Deter-mine the cause of any binding or hydraulicleakage at once. Correct the problem beforeusing the tractor or trailer.
b. Use the troubleshooting section, Chapter 5to check for “SYMPTOMS” and “PROBLEMS”of any trailer system not functioning correctly,or where wear, distortion, or breakage arefound. Administer “REMEDY” according tothe right-hand column of the troubleshootingsection.
4-1.2 LubricationFigure 4-1 and Table 4-1 detail lubrication
points and intervals, method of application, and lu-bricant required, and illustrate the location of eachpart to be lubricated. During inspections of thetrailer, if lubricants are found to be fouled with dirtor sand, those parts should be cleaned with paintthinner, dried, and relubricated immediately. Dirt ina lubricant forms an abrasive compound that willwear parts rapidly.
WARNING
PAINT THINNER AND OTHER SOL-VENTS ARE FLAMMABLE AND TOXICTO EYES, THE SKIN, AND RESPIRA-TORY TRACT. AVOID SKIN AND EYECONTACT. GOOD GENERAL VENTILA-TION IS NORMALLY ADEQUATE. KEEPAWAY FROM OPEN FLAMES OROTHER COMBUSTIBLE ITEMS.
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4-2
Figure 4-1 Lubrication Points
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4-2 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
4-2.1 Repair PartsRepair parts are illustrated and listed in a
separate parts manual. Replacement of parts dueto wear is determined by examination and meas-urement in the Maintenance Procedures of thissection.4-2.2 Tools and Equipment
Tools, equipment, and personnel normallyfound in a facility capable of making truck repairswill be adequate for maintenance of the semitrailer.No other special tools or equipment should be nec-essary.4-2.3 Torque Values
Tables 2-1 and 2-2 list torque values for stan-dard hardware and hydraulic fittings. They are in-tended as a guide for average applications involv-ing typical stresses and mechanical surfaces. Val-ues are based on the physical limitations of clean,plated, and lubricated hardware. In all cases, whenan individual torque value is specified, it takes pri-ority over values given in this table. Replace origi-nal fasteners with hardware of equal grade.
4-2.4 Cleaninga. Wash semitrailer to remove all accumulated
dirt and grime.b. Use any mineral spirits paint thinner (or its
equivalent) to remove grease and oil from allparts of the trailer. Rinse degreasing solutionoff with cold water.
c. Inspect semitrailer for cause of any reportedtroubles.
WARNING
PAINT THINNER AND OTHER SOL-VENTS ARE FLAMMABLE AND TOXICTO EYES, SKIN, AND RESPIRATORYTRACT. AVOID SKIN AND EYE CON-TACT. GOOD GENERAL VENTILATIONIS NORMALLY ADEQUATE. KEEPAWAY FROM OPEN FLAMES OROTHER COMBUSTIBLE ITEMS.
d. Scrape, sand, prime, and repaint areaswhere finish is missing or where there is evi-dence of corrosion.
4-3
LUBE SEASON BRAND AND PRODUCT(WEIGHT AND/OR TYPE)
AMOCO EXXON PHILLIPS TEXACO1
2
3
4
5
6
Table 4-1 Lubrication Specifications
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4-4
NORMAL OPERATING SERVICE INTERVALS a
SERVICEINTERVAL :
ITEM
TIMES 1st 5Hrs
Weekly Monthly 6Months
Yearly
LU
BE
#
NO
TE
S
MILES 50 500 2,000 12,000 25,000
I I
I I
I, T I b
I C,I,L 3 c
I I I
I, C
I I, T d
I I L 3 c
I I L 3 c
I I, L R 5 c
I I, T 5 c
I I e
I, T I I, T f
I I
I,T I,T
L 3 c
I I R 1 c
R R
I I R
I I 2 c
I – Inspect, R – Replace, T– Tighten/ Adjust Torque, L – Lubricate, C – Clean
NOTES:
a. Perform at the time shown. Shorten service intervals when operating in severe or dirty conditions.b. See Tables 2-1 and 2-2 (General and Hydraulic Fitting Torque Charts) for correct torque.c. See Table 4-1 (Lube Specification Chart) for recommended lubricant.d. See Section 4-8 for procedures.e. See Serial Number Plate on the front of the semitrailer for proper inflation requirements.f. See Section 4-10 for procedures.
Table 4-2 600B Maintenance Schedule
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4-5
ENGINE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
OPERATION AFTER EACH CYCLE OFINDICATED HOURS
8 25 100 200
X
X
X*
X*
X*
X
X
X
NOTE:*PERFORM THESE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES MORE FREQUANTLY UNDER EXTREMELYDUSTY, DIRTY CONDITIONS.
WARNING
BREATHING EXHAUST GASES CAN RESULT IN SEVERE PERSONAL INJURY ORDEATH. DO NOT USE AIR CLEANER, EXHAUST ELBOW, OR CONNECTING PARTSAS A SUPPORTING STEP. DAMAGE TO THESE AND CONNECTING PARTS CANCAUSE AN EXHAUST LEAK.
Table 4-3 Hydraulic Engine Maintenance Schedule
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e. Replace any missing or illegible decals. Re-place any missing or damaged reflective tape.
f. Use Troubleshooting Guide to check for“SYMPTOMS” AND “PROBLEMS” of anysemitrailer system not functioning correctly, orwhere wear, distortion, or breakage can befound. Administer “REMEDY” according toright-hand column of Troubleshooting guide.
g. After disassembling any components, thor-oughly clean dirt and old lubricant from allparts. Do not use a wire brush on any bearingparts or surfaces — use a stiff bristle brush.Do not use compressed air, or spin bearingparts when cleaning. These practices canthrow solvents, dirt, or metal particles intoyour eyes. Dry clean parts with lint free,clean, soft, absorbent, cloth or paper. Washand dry hands.
h. Inspect seals, seal wiping surfaces, bearingcaps, and bearing cones for wear, pitting,chipping, or other damage.
4-3 GOOSENECK, FRAME, AND DECK
4-3.1 Repairing Structural DefectsIf any structural defect is found, the fault must
be corrected before further use of the vehicle. Tocontinue usage could endanger the trailer, its load,personnel, traffic, and properties. If any cracks orbreaks are found, contact the Landoll factory forrepairs. Inspect the deck daily for broken or miss-ing planks or missing attachments. Replace anydefective parts promptly.
4-3.2 Fifth Wheel Latch Adjustment
a. To adjust fifth wheel latch assembly, sup-port fifth wheel plate and adjust rear nut untilthe cam just touches the flat surface on thelatch (See Figure 4-2).
b. Then tighten the front nut compressing thespring to approximately 10-3/8" or until thereis sufficient tension to hold the fifth wheelplate in place.
4-6
Figure 4-2 Fifth Wheel Latch Adjustment
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IMPORTANT
TO CHECK THE TENSION ON THE LATCH,PLACE A PRY BAR BETWEEN THE FIFTHWHEEL PLATE AND THE BACKING PLATEAND PRY DOWN UNTIL THE LATCH RE-LEASES. IF IT RELEASES TOO EASILY,TIGHTEN THE SPRING TENSION. IF YOU AREUNABLE TO TRIP IT, BACK OFF THE SPRINGTENSION UNTIL YOU ARE ABLE TO TRIP THERELEASE.
WARNING
1. TOO MUCH TENSION WILL CAUSEEXCESSIVE WEAR ON THE RELEASEAND POSSIBLY BEND THE LATCHROD.
2. STAND CLEAR OF FIFTH WHEELPLATE WHEN PRYING IT DOWN. FAL-LING PLATE COULD CAUSE SERIOUSINJURY.
4-4 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
4-4.1 Generala. Check the oil level of the tractor wet kit or
hydraulic engine power hydraulic tank weekly,or after any leakage. See Table 4-1 for properhydraulic oil. Check the hydraulic oil level withhydraulic cylinders in the retracted positionand the hydraulic pump disengaged. Enoughvolume in tank (approximately 15 gallons)above hydraulic oil level must be available toaccept extra oil from telescopic cylinder whenretracted.
b. Overfilling can cause hydraulic fluid overflowduring operation.
c. Dock leveler flow bypass regulator mustprovide 2.5 to 3.0 gallon per minute to dockleveler valve for Single Pair Dock Leveler(62,000 lb.). Dock leveler flow bypass regula-tor must provide 6.0 gallon per minute to dockleveler valve for Double Pair Dock Leveler(124,000 lb.).
d. Hydraulic system pressure relief valvesshould be set at 2500 psi.
4-4.2 Hydraulic Engine Packagea. Check the hydraulic oil level weekly, or after
any leakage. See Table 4-1 for proper hy-draulic oil. Check oil level with the undercar-riage telescopic cylinder extended and allother hydraulic cylinders in the retracted posi-tion and with the engine stopped.
b. Check hoses weekly for cracks or leaks. If avalve or line leaks, it should be replaced im-mediately.
c. Check the engine oil each time before us-ing. Oil level should be maintained betweenthe “L” and “F” marks on the oil dip stick. Forfurther maintenance procedures and properlubrication specifications, please refer to theengine owners manual that was supplied withthe hydraulic engine package.
d. Replace hydraulic filter with new filter atleast every 2000 hours or more often underadverse conditions.
e. Use the fuel recommended for the enginepackage installed on your semitrailer.
WARNING
IF MORE OIL THAN SPECIFIED ISSENT TO DOCK LEVELER VALVE,DAMAGE TO DOCK LEVELERS ANDPERSONAL INJURY CAN OCCUR. ITLESS OIL THAN SPECIFIED IS SENTTO DOCK LEVELER, THEY WILL NOTOPERATE OR OPERATION WILL BEERRATIC.
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4-8
Figure 4-3 600B Wiring Diagram
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4-9
Figure 4-4 Remote Wiring Diagram
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4-10
Table 4-4 600B Wiring Parts List
600B SERIES WIRING PARTS LIST
REF.DES.
FUNCTION
DS1 FRONT LEFT CLEARANCE, YELLOW
DS2 FRONT RIGHT CLEARANCE, YELLOW
DS3 FRONT LEFT MARKER, YELLOW
DS4 FRONT RIGHT MARKER, YELLOW
DS5 LEFT SLOPE MARKER, YELLOW
DS6 RIGHT SLOPE MARKER, YELLOW
DS7 LEFT SIDE MARKER/TURN, YELLOW
DS8 RIGHT SIDE MARKER/TURN, YELLOW
DS9 MID-LEFT SIDE MARKER, YELLOW
DS10 MID-RIGHT SIDE MARKER, YELLOW
DS11 LEFT REAR SIDE MARKER, RED
DS12 RIGHT REAR SIDE MARKER, RED
DS13 LEFT TURN/TAIL, RED
DS14 RIGHT TURN/TAIL, RED
DS15 LEFT STOP/TAIL, RED
DS16 RIGHT STOP/TAIL, RED
DS17 LICENSE PLATE LIGHT, RED
DS18 IDENTIFICATION RIGHT, RED
DS19 IDENTIFICATION LEFT, RED
DS20 IDENTIFICATION CENTER, RED
DS21 CONTROL PANEL, LH
DS22 CONTROL PANEL, RH
DS23 FIRST WINCH LIGHT
DS24 FIRST WINCH LIGHT
DS25 ABS MALFUNCTION INDICATOR,YELLOW
J1 FRONT MAIN CONNECTOR
J2 U/C CONNECTOR
J3 BUMPER CONNECTOR
600B SERIES WIRING PARTS LIST
REF.DES.
FUNCTION
J4 REMOTE, FRONT
J5 REMOTE, STREET REAR
J6 REMOTE, CURB REAR
J7 ENGINE PANEL LIGHT
J8 WORK LIGHTS
J9 ABS LAMP CONNECTOR
J10 ABS ECU VALVE CONNECTOR
L1 WINCH IN
L2 WINCH OUT
L3 ENGAGE
L4 RELEASE
L5 TILT UP
L6 TILT DOWN
L7 AXLE LOAD
L8 AXLE TRANSPORT
S1 WORK LIGHT
S2 IN-UP-LOAD-ENGAGE
S3 OUT-DOWN-TRANSPORT-RELEASE
S4 SELECTOR SWITCH
S5 IN-OUT
S6 UP/DOWN-ENGAGE/RELEASE
S7 LOAD/TRANSPORT-UP/DOWN
S8 TENSION ENGAGE/RELEASE
TB1 PRIMARY JUNCTION BOX
TB2 ACCESSORY JUNCTION BOX
TB3ACCESSORY JUNCTION BOX
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4-5 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
4-5.1 Maintenance of the electrical systemconsists of inspection and minor servicing.Any wire, connection or electrical componentshowing signs of corrosion, wear, breakageor unraveling must be repaired or replaced.(See Figures 4-3 and 4-4 for electrical wir-ing diagrams and Table 4-4 for wiringparts list)
4-5.2 Frayed or unraveling wire must have thedefective section removed and replaced withwire of the same color and gauge. Seal allconnections and insulate.
4-5.3 Corroded terminals must have the corro-sion removed, source of corrosion neutral-ized and the terminals resealed, protected,and insulated.
4-5.4 Fuse or circuit breaker burn-out orblow-out usually indicates an electricalshort-circuit, although a fuse can occasion-ally fail from vibration. Insert a second fuseor reset the breaker. If this fuse immediatelyburns out or the breaker trips, locate thecause of the electrical short and repair.
4-5.5 A light that repeatedly burns-out usuallyindicates a loose connection, poor systemground, or a malfunctioning voltage regula-tor. Locate the source of the problem and re-pair. System grounds must be grounded tobare metal surfaces. Paint, grease, wax, andother coatings act as insulators. Replace-ment lamps must be equivalent to the factoryinstalled lamp.
4-6 SUSPENSION MAINTENANCE
4-6.1 Spring Suspensiona. Make certain that all springs are properly lo-
cated on the wear pads. Twisted springs orcocked hangers will cause uneven springcontact with wear pad and will result in exces-sive wear on the spring suspension. Checkthe shocks for excessive wear.
b. Replacing the equalizer bushings and thetorque arm bushings on the spring suspen-sion is a complex operation and should be leftto trained service personnel. If the bushingsneed to be replaced contact a Landoll author-ized service center or the Landoll factory forservicing.
4-6.2 Air Ride Suspensiona. See Figures 4-5 and 4-7 for Tandem and
Triple Axle Air Ride Suspension drawings.b. Physically check all nuts, bolts, and air line
fittings for proper torque (see torque chart be-low).
AIR SUSPENSION TORQUE CHART
**800or
550
35 35 150
* Air Spring Connections Only.** First number listed is torque required if bolt
head designated with Neway; Second numberlisted is torque required if bolt head designatedwith Holland Neway.
c. Check all other suspension components forany sign of damage, looseness, wear orcracks.
d. With trailer on level surface and air pressurein excess of 65 psi, all air springs should beof equal firmness. The height control valve onright side of front axle controls all air springson tandem axle suspensions.
e. The height control valve on right side ofcenter axle controls ride height for all airsprings on triple axle suspension.
4-6.3 Tandem Axle Air Ride Height Adjust-ment. (See Figure 4-6 for parts identifica-tion).
a. Before adjusting, the vehicle must be emptywith the kingpin at operating height and haveair supplied to the trailer.
b. Disconnect linkage at the control arm andraise control arm to the “up” position, raisingthe trailer until a block can be placed betweenaxle tube and undercarriage frame (See Fig-ure 4-6).
c. Position the wood block between the axletube and frame according to table below.Block height is dependent upon suspensionride height and/or axle brake size.
AIR SUSPENSIONRIDE HEIGHT AND BLOCK
3.5" 3"
5.5" 5"
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4-12
Figure 4-5 Tandem Axle Air Ride Suspension System
Figure 4-6 Air Ride Height Adjustment
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d. Lower the trailer by exhausting air from theair springs by moving the control arm to the“down” position (about 45°) until the axle tubeis resting on the block.
e. Check the ride height to make sure it is cor-rect. Consult Landoll Service Center if correctheight cannot be obtained.
f. Loosen the 1/4" adjusting lock nut locatedon the adjusting block, allowing the controlarm to move approximately 1 inch. Move theadjusting block until holes align, then insert lo-cating pin. (See Figure 4-6).
g. Align the control arm linkage to the controlarm lower bracket and re-tighten the 1/4" ad-justing lock nut to 2-4 ft.lbs. The ride heightvalve should now be correctly adjusted.
h. Remove the locating pin.i. The block can now be removed by using the
height control valve as an improvised jack bydisconnecting the control arm at the lowerbracket and pushing the control arm to an“up” position.
j. Remove the block and reconnect the link-age. This allows the Automatic Height ControlValve to resume normal operation.
k. Check the air ride height. If necessary, gothrough the adjustment procedure again untilthe proper air ride height is achieved.
l. Check the air ride height periodically andadjust as needed.
4-6.4 Triple Axle Air Ride Height Adjust-ment for Transport (See Figure 4-7)
a. Before adjusting, the vehicle must be emptywith the kingpin at operating height and haveair supplied to the trailer.
b. Disconnect linkage at all three control armsand raise the center axle control arm to the“up” position, raising the trailer until a spacerblock (3” for 12-1/4 brake) (5” for 16-1/2brake) can be placed between axle tube andundercarriage frame.
c. Lower the trailer by exhausting air from theair springs by moving the control arm to the“down” position (about 45 ) until the axle tubeis resting on the block.
d. Return the control arms slowly to the centerposition, then insert wood locating pins intothe adjusting block and bracket on the heightcontrol valves. Loosen the 1/4” adjusting locknuts located on the adjusting blocks. This willallow the control arms to oscillate approxi-mately 1”. Reconnect the linkages. Torque to24-48 inch lbs.
e. Retighten the 1/4” adjusting lock nuts at theadjusting blocks to 24-48 in. lbs.
f. Remove the locating pin.g. The block can now be removed by using the
height control valve as an improvised jack bydisconnecting the control arm at the lowerbracket and pushing the control arm to an“up” position.
h. Move control arms to “down” position, com-pletely exhausting system. Then reconnectlower linkages and torque to 24-48 in. lbs.The suspension system will return to andmaintain the proper ride height.
4-6.5 Triple Axle Height Control Adjust-ment for Loading (See Figure 4-7)
a. Pull undercarriage out of pockets 18”, dumpair, and tilt trailer up.
b. Disconnect center axle height control link-age and dowel pin control arm not to move.Put block between top of axle and frame,3-1/2” set ride height.
c. Disconnect front and rear axle height controllinkages at lower brackets. Move control armsto the center position. Inserting wood locatingpins into the adjusting block and bracket onheight control valves.
d. On the front axle, loosen the 1/4” adjust-ment lock nuts located on the adjusting block.Connect linkage to top hole of lower bracketfor proper adjustment. On the rear axle,loosen the 1/4” adjustment lock nuts locatedon the adjusting block. Connect linkage tobottom hole of lower bracket for proper ad-justment.
e. Retighten the 1/4” adjusting locknuts at frontand rear adjusting blocks to 24-48 in. lbs.
f. Disconnect front and rear axle linkages fromlower brackets and remove the wood locatingpins.
g. On the front axle, reconnect linkage to bot-tom hole of lower bracket for normal opera-tion. Torque to 24-48 in. lbs. On the rearaxle, reconnect linkage to top hole of lowerbracket for normal operation. Torque to 24-48in. lbs.
h. Return undercarriage to transport position.i. Remove wood locating pin from center axle
height control valve and spacer block be-tween axle and frame. Reattach linkage tobottom hole of lower bracket. Torque to 24-48in. lbs.
CAUTION
INSURE SUSPENSION AIR CYLINDERSARE INFLATED ON ALL AXLES. FAIL-URE TO DO SO CAN CAUSE EXCES-SIVE TIRE WEAR.
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4-14
Figure 4-7 Triple Axle Air Ride Suspension System
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4-7 ALIGNMENT
4-7.1 Wheel Alignment
DANGER
TO PREVENT A LIFE THREATENINGACCIDENT:
1. SUPPORT TRAILER AND UNDER-CARRIAGE SO TIRES ARE OFF THEGROUND.
2. SUPPORT THE TRAILER AND UN-DERCARRIAGE ON JACK STANDSWITH SUFFICIENT CAPACITY TO SUP-PORT THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF THETRAILER AND ANY LOAD WHICH ITMAY BE CARRYING.
When trailer tires show signs of scuffing,feather-edging or uneven wear, examine the trailerfor damaged suspension (frame, shocks, linkage,etc.), axle, wheel bearings and wheels. Properwheel alignment and wheel bearing adjustment isessential for proper tire wear. The simplest form ofchecking wheel alignment “toe” is by running thetrailer over a “SCUFF GAUGE”. A scuff gaugereading of 16 feet or less per mile is consideredsatisfactory. If a scuff gauge is not readily avail-able, or edge wear on one side of a tire is occur-ring signifying positive or negative camber, align-ment can be checked as follows:
a. Remove wheel, hub and bearing assem-blies.
b. Place a 3-point axle gauge against the frontside of the axle, and adjust each axle gaugepoint to the axle. (Double point end againstthe inner and outer wheel bearing surfaces ofthe spindle being checked and the other pointon the inner bearing surface on the otherspindle.)(See Figure 4-8).
c. Move the axle gauge and place against theback side of the axle. If either of the points ofdouble point end fails to touch the axle sur-face, a bent spindle is evident. A point gap of.015" or more is considered excessive tire“toe” and the axle must be replaced (See Fig-ure 4-8).
d. Follow the same procedures as in Section4-7.1 b. and c., except place the axle gaugeabove and below the axle. If gauge point gapis found, the axle has positive or negativecamber. The trailer axle has no camber fromthe factory. If it is found to have positive ornegative camber, axle replacement is neces-sary (See Figure 4-10 for examples of cam-ber).
4-15
Figure 4-8 Checking Axle for Bend
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4-7.2 Axle AlignmentProper axle to king pin alignment is necessary
to obtain straight tracking. If axle alignment is off,“dog-tracking” occurs. Check alignment manuallyor by using a semitrailer alignment machine. In ei-ther case, a thorough inspection of the completesuspension must be performed and all defects cor-rected before aligning.
a. Manual Alignment Procedure1. Position semitrailer on a firm and level
surface. Insure that the undercarriage is inthe rear most position. Eliminate anysuspension binding due to sharp turns orunusual maneuvers.
2. Detach tractor from the semitrailer and jackthe trailer up sufficiently to permitmeasuring from the underside of the trailer.
3. Suspend a plumb bob at axle height fromthe center of the king pin.
4. Measure (D) from the plumb bob to thecenter point on one end of the axle. Recordthis measurement (See Figure 4-9).
5. Measure (D1) to the other end of the axle inthe same manner as in Step 4. Record thismeasurement (See Figure 4-9).
6. Set D about 1/8" shorter than D1 to insureproper trailer tracking on slope of road.
7. The suspensions must be in good repairwith no binding or other restrictions beforeal igning. Al l defect ive parts of thesuspension or axles must be replacedimmediately.
b. Air Ride Suspension AxlesThe air ride suspension is aligned and ad-
justed at the factory and it should not be necessaryto align the axles. If, however it does become nec-essary to align the axles, the procedure is as fol-lows:
1. To align air ride suspension axles, locatethe front axle equalizer beam pivot bolt infront hanger at front end of lock nut.Loosen the suspension pivot bolt lock nut.Rotate the head of the pivot bolt. For axlealignment forward, rotate bolt headclockwise. For axle alignment rearward,rotate the bolt head counter-clockwise.Both sides of axle need to be adjusted toprevent axle rise or fall.
2. Align the front axle using the methodoutlined in Section 4-7.2 b.
3. After proper alignment has been obtained,tighten the suspension pivot bolt nut to thetorque listed in the table in Section 4-6.2 b.
4. Align the rear axle to the front axle. Locatethe rear axle equalizer beam pivot bolt inhanger at front end of driver’s side rear axleequalizer beam. Loosen the suspensionpivot bolt lock nut. Rotate the head of thepivot bolt. For axle alignment forward,rotate bolt head clockwise. For axlealignment rearward, rotate the bolt headcounter-clockwise. The rear axle should beparallel with the front axle, with thedimensions Y and Y1 being the same.
5. Tighten the suspension pivot bolt nut to thetorque listed in the table in Section 4-6.2 b.
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4-17
Figure 4-9 Checking Axle Alignment
Figure 4-10 Examples of Camber
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c. Spring Suspension Axles
SPRING SUSPENSION TORQUE CHART
1" 7/8" 7/8" U-bolt
1/2"
480-500 250 300 55-60
1. Loosen the torque arm clamp bolts on theadjustable torque arms and loosen the axleU-bolts.
2. Turn the adjustable torque arm on the frontaxle until the proper alignment has beenachieved using the procedure outlined inSection 4-7.2 b.c.
3. Tighten the axle U-bolts to the torqueslisted in the above table.
4. Tighten the front axle torque arm clampbolts to the torque listed in the above table.
5. Align the rear axle to the front axle in thesame manner using the torque arm foradjusting. The rear axle should be parallelwith the front axle, with the dimensions Yand Y1 being the same.
6. Tighten the rear axle U-bolts to the torquevalues listed in the above table.
7. Tighten the rear axle torque arm clampbolts to the torque listed in the above table.
4-8 BRAKE SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
WARNING
1. WHEN CRAWLING UNDER THESEMITRAILER IS NECESSARY,CHOCK ALL WHEELS OF THETRAILER AND TRACTOR. WHENJACKING IS NECESSARY, CHOCK ALLWHEELS AND SUPPORT THE SEMI-TRAILER UNDERCARRIAGE WITHJACK STANDS SUFFICIENT TO WITH-STAND THE WEIGHT OF THE SEMI-TRAILER AND LOAD. FAILURE TOTAKE ADEQUATE SAFETY MEAS-URES MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS PER-SONAL INJURY OR DEATH.
2. USE GREAT CARE IF WHEELS ORBRAKE DRUMS MUST BE HANDLED.THEY MAY BE VERY HOT AND CANCAUSE SERIOUS BURNS.
4-8.1 General.A daily general inspection will reveal the most
common problems found in the spring brake sys-tem. This inspection should include the following:
a. Check air hoses for chafing, bends, kinks,or damaged fittings. Replace defective hoses.
b. Check the brake system for loose, missing,deformed, or corroded fasteners. Replaceand tighten defective hardware.
c. Check brake linings for excessive wear ordistortion.
d. Drain air reservoir daily. A drain cock on thebottom of each air reservoir vents the tank todrain collected water and oil. If held open, airpressure in the tanks is relieved, causing theemergency or parking brakes to be applied(See Figure 4-11).
4-18
Figure 4-11 Drain Cock Locations
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4-8.2 Spring Air Brake ChambersCheck for faulty units. Check the condensation
holes on the underside of the brake chambers tomake sure they are open. The spring brake hastwo brake chambers, a service chamber and anemergency chamber or spring chamber. Servicebrake chambers should be disassembled andcleaned at 50,000 miles or yearly. The diaphragmand any marginal parts should be replaced. Whenreplacing the service diaphragm, replace the corre-sponding parts for the other chamber on the sameaxle (to aid in even brake application and release).Examine yoke pin for wear and replace as neces-sary. The spring chamber should not be serviced.Replace entire unit (both service and spring cham-ber) if spring chamber becomes faulty.
WARNING
THE SPRING BRAKE CHAMBER EM-PLOYS A SPRING WITH HIGH FORCES.SERVICE SHOULD NOT BE AT-TEMPTED. SERIOUS INJURY ORDEATH MAY RESULT.
a. Caging the Power Spring1. Chock the trailer wheels.2. Remove dust cap from spring brake
chamber.3. Remove the release bolt from it’s holding
brackets and insert it into the spring brakechamber. DO NOT USE AN IMPACTWRENCH TO CAGE THE SPRINGBRAKE.
4. Turn the bolt until the spring brake iscaged. This should be 2-1/4 to 2-1/2 inchesof release bolt extension.
5. The brakes should now be totally released.Do not operate loaded trailer with brakemanually released.
6. To reset the spring brake, turn the releasebolt until the spring is released. Removethe release bolt and store it in its brackets.
7. Snap the dust cap back in place on thechamber.
b. Removal1. Chock all tractor and trailer wheels and
drain the air system.2. Mark the brake chamber for proper air line
port alignment for reassembly.3. CAGE THE POWER SPRING following the
steps outlined in Section 4-8.2a.4. Disconnect the slack adjuster from the
connecting rod by removing the clevis pin(See Figure 4-14).
5. Mark all air service lines for properreinstallation and disconnect from thebrake chamber.
6. Remove the brake chamber from the axlebrackets.
c. Installation1. CAGE THE POWER SPRING following the
steps outlined in Section 4-8.2a.2. Position the inlet ports by loosening the
service chamber clamp bands and rotatingcenter housing such that ports are locatedaccording to alignment marks made duringdisassembly, then retighten the clampbands.
3. Position the breather hole in the downwardfacing position by loosening the clampbands on the spring brake chamber androtating the chamber housing until thebreather hold faces downward. Retightenthe clamp bands.
4. Remount the brake chamber on the axlebrackets and reconnect the air servicehoses and the slack adjuster connectingrod (See Figure 4-14).
IMPORTANTBE SURE THE SERVICE LINE ON THE
SERVICE CHAMBER PORT AND THE EMER-GENCY LINE IS ON THE SPRING BRAKE PORT.
5. Check for leakage by charging the airsystem to a minimum of 90 psi andapplying soap suds to the brake chamberand connections. If a growing bubble isdetected or bubbles are blown away, locatethe source of the leak and repair.
6. Insure that the clamp band is properlyseated and tight before uncaging thepower spring.
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4-8.3 Emergency Relay Valve MaintenanceEvery 3600 operating hours, 100,000 miles, or
yearly, the Emergency Relay Valve should be dis-assembled, cleaned, and lubricated by a trainedtechnician.
WARNING
REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THERELAY/EMERGENCY VALVE IS A COM-PLEX OPERATION AND SHOULD BEPERFORMED BY TRAINED SERVICEPERSONNEL. CONTACT A LANDOLLAUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER ORTHE LANDOLL FACTORY FOR SERVIC-ING.
4-8.4 Brake Assembly MaintenanceThe brake assemblies should be inspected and
adjusted every 2,000 miles or monthly. Examinethe brake linings visually to locate the lining show-ing the greatest amount of wear. The wheel anddrum should be removed and the linings replacedif the thinnest portion of the lining is 3/8 in. (9.5mm) or less. Do not allow the linings to wear thinenough that the lining rivet contacts the drum. (SeeFigure 4-12). Lubricate brake assembly per Figure4-1, Lubrication Points and Table 4-2, Mainte-nance Schedule.
WARNING
DO NOT ALLOW GREASE TO CON-TACT BRAKE LININGS AS THISCOULD RESULT IN REDUCED BRAK-ING PERFORMANCE.
a. Brake AdjustmentThis semitrailer is equipped with automatic
slack adjusters which compensate for brake liningwear and keep brakes adjusted. Brakes should notbe adjusted manually except when relining brakes.
b. Disassembly for 12-1/4" X 7-1/2" Brakes(See Figure 4-13)1. Release brakes and back off slack
adjuster.2. Remove slack adjuster lock ring and slack
adjuster.3. Remove drum assembly (See Figure
4-13).4. Remove anchor pin retainers, washers,
and bushings.5. Remove anchor pins and brake shoes.6. Remove brake return springs.7. Remove camshaft lock ring, spacer washer
and camshaft8. Remove roller pin retainers.9. Remove roller pins and rollers from shoes.10. Remove camshaft bushings and seals from
spider.11. After removing the shoes, completely
inspect all brake components, servicingas necessary.
4-20
Figure 4-12 Brake Lining Wear
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4-21
Figure 4-13 Axle and Brake Assembly
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c. Reassembly for 12-1/4" X 7-1/2" Brakes(See Figure 4-13)1. Install new camshaft bushing and seals
into the spider.
IMPORTANTWHEN INSTALLING CAMSHAFT SEALS, THE
SEAL ON THE SLACK ADJUSTER SIDE IS IN-STALLED FACING INTO SPIDER. THIS ALLOWSGREASE TO PURGE OUTSIDE THE BRAKE AS-SEMBLY WHEN GREASING THE CAMSHAFTBUSHING.
2. Install cam roller assemblies onto the brakeshoes.
3. Install “D” shaped camshaft washer ontothe camshaft.
4. Install the camshaft into the spider. Installspacer washer and lock ring retainer oncamshaft before sliding the camshaftthrough the camshaft support bracket.Install the slack adjuster, washer and lockring retainer.
5. Install shoes, anchor pin bushings, anchorpins, and spacers onto spider. Installanchor lock rings.
IMPORTANTALWAYS USE ALL NEW SPRINGS WHEN
SERVICING BRAKES.6. Install brake return spring.7. Connect slack adjuster to brake chamber
pushrod.8. Adjust automatic slack adjuster as outlined
in Section 4-8.5b.d. Disassembly for 16-1/2" x 7" Brakes (See
Figure 4-13).1. Release brakes and back off slack
adjuster.2. Remove slack adjuster lock ring and slack
adjuster.3. Remove drum assembly (See Figure
4-13).4. Disengage the roller retainers from the
rollers.5. Press down on the bottom brake shoe and
remove the lower cam roller. Lift the topshoe and take out the top cam roller.
6. Lift out the shoe retractor spring, which isnow free of tension.
7. Swing the lower shoe back approximately180 to relieve the tension on the shoekeeper springs. Remove the springs andslip the shoes off the anchor pins.
8. Remove camshaft lock ring, spacerwasher(s) and camshaft.
9. After removing the shoes, completelyinspect all brake components, servicing asnecessary.
e. Reassembly for 16-1/2 x 7" Brakes (SeeFigure 4-13).1. Install new anchor pin bushings, camshaft
bushing and camshaft seals into the spider.
IMPORTANTWHEN INSTALLING CAMSHAFT SEALS, THE
SEAL ON THE SLACK ADJUSTER SIDE IS FAC-ING INTO SPIDER. THIS ALLOWS GREASE TOPURGE OUTSIDE THE BRAKE ASSEMBLYWHEN GREASING THE CAMSHAFT BUSHING.
2. Install cam roller, retainer clip and retractorspring retainers onto the camshaft.
3. Install 1/8" thick camshaft washer onto thecamshaft.
4. Install the camshaft into the spider. Installspacer washer and lock ring retainer oncamshaft before sliding the camshaftthrough the camshaft support bracket.Install the slack adjuster, washer and lockring retainer.
5. Install the brake keeper onto the shoes.Install shoes onto the spider by placingshoes in place on the anchor pins, then“wrap” the two shoes into place about thespider.
6. Install the shoe retractor spring onto theshoes.
7. Connect slack adjuster to brake chamberpushrod.
8. Adjust automatic slack adjuster as outlinedin Section 4-8.5c.
4-8.5 Automatic Slack AdjusterThe semitrailer automatic slack adjusters pro-
vide the means for routine brake adjustment tocompensate for lining wear. Inspect slack adjustersevery 2,000 miles to assure correct operation.
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WARNING
THE INSTALLATION GUIDE MUST BEUSED WHEN INSTALLING OR REIN-STALLING AUTOMATIC SLACK AD-JUSTER. FAILURE TO DO SO MAY RE-SULT IN IMPROPERLY ADJUSTEDBRAKES WHICH MAY CAUSE BRAKEDAMAGE OR LEAD TO BRAKE FAIL-URE.
a. Operational Check (See Figure 4-14)1. Block wheels to prevent vehicle from
rolling.2. Check that the push rod is fully retracted,
apply air to release spring brake.3. Turn adjustment hex counterclockwise to
create an excessive clearance condition.(A ratcheting sound will occur.)
4. Make a full service brake application. Onrelease, allow sufficient time for brake tofully retract. During the brake release,observe rotation of the adjustment hex(attach a wrench on the hex to make thismovement easier to see). This rotationindicates that an excessive clearancecondition has been determined by the slackadjuster, and it is making an adjustment tocompensate. On each subsequent brakerelease the amount of adjustment and pushrod travel will be reduced until the desiredclearance is achieved
5. The push rod stroke should be 1 1/2" to 2"with an 100 to 105 PSI service brakeapplication.
6. Measure the movement of the push rodfrom the completely released position tothe applied position by marking the pushrod where it exits the air chamber beforeand after application.
7. If the brakes have been running tight, thecontrol arm location should be checked.
WARNING
IF THE ADJUSTER APPEARS NOT TOBE OPERATING, CHECK THE OTHERBRAKE COMPONENTS FOR PROPERFUNCTION AND ELIMINATE ANY BIND-ING. RECHECK THE AUTOMATICSLACK ADJUSTER. IF THE ADJUSTERIS NOT FUNCTIONING, THE UNITMUST BE REPLACED BECAUSE FAIL-URE OF PROPER ADJUSTMENTFUNCTION WILL RESULT IN LOSS OFBRAKES.
b. Replacing Slack Adjuster (See Figure4-14)1. Chock wheels to prevent vehicle from
rolling. Release spring and service brake.Air chamber push rod must be fullyreleased.
2. To maintain a fully released parking brake,a minimum of 105 psi reservoir pressuremust be maintained. If air pressure is notavailable the spring brake must bemanually caged.
4-23
Figure 4-14 Slack Adjuster
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3. Remove the existing slack adjuster andclevis - DO NOT REMOVE EXISTING JAMNUT.
4. Install the new clevis (with 1/2" pin) ontothe push rod up to the jam nut -DO NOTTIGHTEN JAM NUT.
5. Fit the installation guide over the camsplines so the 1/2" pin slots face the airchamber.
6. Swing the guide into the clevis until theappropriate slot totally engages 1/2" pin.
7. Observe the guide pointer arrow:If the guide pointer is above the clevispointer, adjust clevis CCW for alignment.If the guide pointer is below the clevispointer, adjust clevis CW for alignment.
8. Reposition clevis until the guide pointeraligns with the clevis pointer.
9. Verify by engaging 1/4" pin through theclevis and guide.
10. Tighten jam nut to 50 ft.-lbs. torque min.11. Remove the guide from cam shaft.12. If the push rod threads extend through the
clevis more than 1/16", remove clevis andcut rod to length.
13. If the push rod is not fully engaged inclevis body, install a new push rod - cut tolength.
14. Install the slack adjuster on the cam shaft.15. Rotate the manual adjuster shaft CW until
the slack adjuster arm holes align with theclevis. Install 1/2" and 1/4" pins and cotterpins.
c. Adjusting Slack Adjuster1. Rotate the manual adjuster clockwise until
brake shoes contact drum.2. Back off manual adjuster 1/2 turn.
(counterclockwise)3. Manually uncage the spring brake.4. Build up vehicle air pressure.5. Fully apply and release the brakes several
times to check for adequate clearance to alladjacent components.
6. Measure the distance from air chamber to1/2" pin. Apply brakes with 100-105 psi airpressure and remeasure distance to 1/2"pins.
7. The stroke (difference of these twomeasurements) must be less than 2 inches.
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4-9 HUB AND DRUM MAINTENANCE
WARNING
FAILURE TO REPLACE FAULTYBRAKE DRUMS WILL RESULT IN ANUNRELIABLE BRAKING SYSTEM, ANDMAY LEAD TO AN ACCIDENT.
4-9.1 Clean and inspect the brake drumswhenever relining the brakes. To be suitablefor further service, the brake drum shouldpass the following checks.
a. The brake surface should be free of scoring,excessive heat checks and cracks.
b. The brake surface diameter should be withinthe maximum diameter cast or stamped onthe drum.
c. The mounting holes and pilot must be roundand true.
d. The mounting surface must be clean andflat.
4-9.2 It may be necessary to turn or resurfacethe braking surface to remove small heatchecks or other surface defects resultingfrom normal use.
a. The maximum diameter cast into the backplate portion of the brake drum is the maxi-mum diameter or discard diameter to whichthe brake drum may be turned or worn andstill be usable. If any portion of the brake sur-face exceeds the maximum diameter it mustbe discarded. The maximum is .120 over thenominal new diameter unless stated other-wise on the casting. The maximum diametercast into the brake drum supersedes all pub-lished information.
b. When resurfacing a drum, allow at least0.040 inches under the maximum diameter foradditional wear.
WARNING
TURNING A BRAKE DRUM BEYOND0.040 INCHES UNDER THE MAXIMUMDIAMETER WILL RESULT IN AWEAKER BRAKE DRUM AND MAY RE-SULT IN AN ACCIDENT.
4-9.3 Replacement of the brake drum is re-quired if any of the following conditions exist:
a. The brake drum is cracked.b. The brake surface is heat checked, grooved
or worn beyond the rebore limit or the maxi-mum diameter.
c. The back plate is cracked.d. The bolt holes are elongated.e. The brake drum has been severely over-
heated.f. The brake drum is out-of-round.
CAUTION
REPLACE BRAKE DRUMS IN PAIRSTO ACHIEVE THE SAME BRAKINGPOWER ON BOTH WHEELS ANDMAINTAIN AN EVEN BRAKING LOADON THE AXLE. FAILURE TO DO THISMAY SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THEPERFORMANCE, SERVICE LIFE,AND/OR SAFETY OF YOUR VEHICLE.
4-9.4 Replace the hub and drum as follows(See Figure 4-15):
a. Remove the brake drum (See Figure 4-15).It may be necessary to release the slack ad-juster.
b. Remove hub cap and catch lubricant in apan.
c. Remove outer spindle nut, spindle lockingwasher, inner spindle nut, and bearing. Re-move hub from axle.
d. Using an appropriate driver, remove innerbearing cone, and seal.
e. Using an appropriate driver, remove bearingcups from hub.
f. Check that the hub cavity is clean. If the hubis to be reused, clean it thoroughly.
g. Insert bearing cups into the hub.
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h. Clean the mounting surfaces with a goodgrade commercial cleaner and soft rag. Dryall component parts with a clean, absorbentcloth or paper. Lubricant will not adhere tosurfaces wet with solvent.
i. Place the drum over the hub and brakeshoes being careful not to damage thethreads on the studs (See Figure 4-15). Makesure the drum seats flat against the hubflange and mates properly with the hub pilot.There should be no interference between thebrake drum pilot chamfer and the corner ra-dius on the hub. If interference exists, the hubwill not be able to function properly.
j. Install inner bearing, cone, and seal.
IMPORTANTDO NOT MIX NEW CUPS WITH OLD CONES
OR NEW CONES WITH OLD CUPS.k. If studs are marked “R” or “L”, right hand (R)
hubs should be installed on the curbside ofthe vehicle, left hand (L) hubs should be in-stalled on the driver side.
WARNING
FAILURE TO USE THE CORRECTSTUD ON THE CORRECT SIDE MAYCAUSE LOOSENING OF THE HUBSTUDS DURING OPERATION, RE-SULTING IN LOSS OF A WHEEL.
l. Place the hub or wheel over the axle spindlebeing careful to align the hub bore with theaxle. Do not damage the seal. Support thehub assembly until the outer bearing coneand spindle nut are installed, to avoid damag-ing the seal.
m. Install the outer bearing cone and innerspindle nut, tightening the nut until it is snugagainst the outer bearing cone. Remove thehub support allowing the hub to rest on thebearings.
n. Install and adjust bearings (See Section4-10, Wheel Bearing Lubrication and Ad-justment).
o. Install the hub cap with the proper gasket.Tighten the cap screws of the hub cap to 15to 20 ft-lbs. of torque.
p. Remove the filler plug and fill the hub cavityto the recommended level with a gear typeoil.
4-26
Figure 4-15 Outboard Mount Hub and Drum
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4-10 WHEEL BEARING LUBRICATION AND ADJUSTMENT
With semitrailer sitting level, the oil level mustbe checked daily and maintained between the“ADD” and “FULL” lines on the hub cap window.Check for cracked windows, missing filler plugs,and oil leaks. Add hub oil through the “POP-IN”filler plug located in the center of the hub windows.Re-install the “POP-IN” plugs after filling each hub.Adjust wheel bearings and change oil every 50,000miles or with each brake lining replacement, whichever occurs first.4-10.1 Adjustment
a. With a drain pan under the hub cap, removethe hub cap assembly allowing oil to drain.
b. Lift the wheel off of the ground.c. Adjust slack adjuster to eliminate brake drag
during tire/wheel rotation.d. Remove outer lock nut and inner nut and
lock washer.e. Tighten the inner adjustment nut to a mini-
mum of 75 ft.-lbs., while rotating wheel to in-sure proper seating of the bearings and cupsin the wheel hub.
f. Loosen the inner adjustment nut so that thewheel will turn freely.
g. Retighten the inner adjustment nut to 50ft.-lbs. while rotating the wheel, to properlyposition the bearings for the final adjustment.
h. Loosen the inner adjustment nut 1/3 turn.
i. Install the spindle nut lock washer so thatthe dowel on the inner nut will align with ahole in the lock washer and the washer tangfits in the spindle keyway.
j. Install the outer lock nut and tighten to 250-300 ft.-lbs. End-play of .001" to .010" must bepresent in the adjusted wheel bearing assem-bly.
DANGER
FAILURE TO TORQUE THE OUTERLOCK NUT PROPERLY COULD CAUSETHE WHEEL TO COME OFF DURINGVEHICLE OPERATION RESULTING INPROPERTY DAMAGE OR LOSS OFLIFE.
k. Install the hub cap with a new gasket and fillwith oil to the full mark. See Table 4-1.
l. Adjust brakes according to Section 4-8.4 a.m. Check hub oil level after the wheel has set
level in one position for a few minutes to allowthe oil to work into the bearings.
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4-11 TIRE MAINTENANCE
4-11.1 Tire Inflation. Tire inflation will causetire to ground contact characteristics asshown in Figure 4-16. Tire inflation shouldbe checked daily while the tire is cold, andduring road stops. Checking the tire pres-sures while tires are hot will give a faulty in-creased pressure reading. Adjusting tire airpressure to the specified amount while tiresare hot will produce improper tire to roadcontact and thus abnormal wear. Do not ex-ceed cold inflation pressure listed on thesemitrailer VIN plate located on the front ofthe trailer. Exceeding cold inflation pressurewill result in damaged tire bodies, rims, andwheels. Replace all valve stem caps whenpressure checking/adjusting has been com-pleted. Remove any foreign objects from be-tween duals.
4-11.2 Tire Matching. Both tires on the samespindle must be the same size in order toproperly distribute the load and braking forcesbetween them. The tire must be mounted on arim and properly inflated before measuring. Ifthere is an allowable difference in size thesmaller tire should be mounted to the insideposition of the duals.
a. Tape Measuring Method: Measure aroundeach tire on the tread surface. A maximumdifference of 3/4" is allowed between the twomating tires of a dual (See Figure 4-17).
b. Straight Edge or String Method: (Thismethod cannot be used if tire and wheel as-semblies are not mounted on the axle.) Jacktrailer up until the wheels are off of theground. Hold a straight edge against the tiresof both ends of an axle. A gap at one tire indi-cates a smaller tire. A maximum of 1/8" gap isallowed (See Figure 4-18).
4-28
Figure 4-16 Tire Inflation Examples
Figure 4-17 Measuring Tape Method Figure 4-18 Straight Edge Method
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4-11.3 Mounting Tire and Wheela. Make sure that all mounting surfaces are
clean and free of rust, dirt or paint. A wirebrush may be used to clean these surfaces(See Figure 4-19).
b. Position the inner disc wheel over the studs,being careful not to damage the stud threads.Make sure that the disc wheel is flat againstthe mounting surface and that there is clear-ance between the disc wheel taper and brakedrum.
c. Position the outer disc wheel being carefulnot to damage the threads. Be sure the valvestems for both the inner and outer tire are ac-cessible.
d. Install the flange nut and tighten to 50 foot-pounds using the sequence in Figure 4-20.Then tighten to full torque of 500 to 550 foot-pounds.
e. Torque will drop after the first 50 to 100miles of operation. Check the nuts for propertorque after this interval and retighten them.
WARNING
USE A TORQUE WRENCH TO ASSUREPROPER TORQUE. INSUFFICIENTTORQUE CAN CAUSE STUD BREAK-AGE AND DAMAGE WHEEL PILOTS.OVERTORQUE CAN OVERSTRESSTHE STUDS AND STRIP THETHREADS.
4-29
Figure 4-19 Mounting Tires and Wheels
Figure 4-20 Stud Tightening Sequence
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4-12 WINCHES
Inspect the winch cable before and after everyusage. If frayed wires, nicks, kinks, worn spots,breaks or any other sign of deterioration or dam-age is found, immediate replacement is mandatorybefore further usage. If the semitrailer is going tobe out in the weather for any length of time, it isadvisable to oil the winch cable to prevent untimelyrusting and deterioration of the cable. See Table4-1 for lubrication specifications.
Inspect the winch mechanism thoroughly eachweek to insure safe, efficient operation.
WARNING
DO NOT HANDLE THE WINCH CABLEWHEN THE WINCH IS IN THE ENGAGEPOSITION. HANDS OR CLOTHINGCOULD GET CAUGHT IN THE CABLEAND BE PULLED INTO THE SPOOLCAUSING SERIOUS PERSONAL IN-JURY.
4-13 DOCK LEVELERS
4-13.1 Perform the following service procedureon a yearly basis:
a. Change oil with legs fully extended.b. After oil change, operate the dock leveler at
least three full cycles (complete leg strokes)to bleed air from system.
c. Fully extend legs. Clean extended legs.Coat lightly with clean grease and grease ale-mite fitting on each leg and check valve.
d. Check all hydraulic lines and fittings forleaks and worn spots. Replace any defectivelines and fittings.
e. Check for loose bolts and nuts.4-13.2 Disassembly/Assembly Procedure
When disassembling and reassembling the leg,care should be taken to keep all parts clean and toprevent parts from being damaged. All sealsshould be coated lightly with grease before reas-sembling the leg.
4-13.3 Lock Valve (See Figure 4-21)a. Remove retaining plug.b. Remove o-ring plug opposite retaining plug
on rectangular block.c. Using a drift small enough to fit through the
port opened in the previous step, tap out thelock valve cartridges.
d. Install new lock valve cartridges back toback (as illustrated). Grease o-rings.
e. Install two new o-rings and two back-upwashers on retaining plug.
f. Thread retaining plug into body (tap gentlyto engage threads). Torque plug to 15 ft.lbs.
g. Install new o-ring on plug, opposite retainingplug. Thread plug into body. Torque to 70in.lbs.
h. Replace spring and poppet. Replace the o-ring on plug and reinstall.
i. Install new o-rings and back-up washers ontop of piston rod.
j. Thread lock valve on piston rod until firmlyseated. If the ports need to be relocated,loosen the screw at the top of the well tubeand turn lock valve clockwise until ports are atthe desired location. Retighten the set screw.
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4-31
Figure 4-21 Dock Leveler Leg Assembly
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4-13.4 Leg (See Figure 4-21)a. To remove leg from trailer, disconnect the
hydraulic supply at the front of the trailer.b. Disconnect the hoses from the leg.c. To disassemble leg, first remove the check
valve assembly. Remove o-rings and back-upwasher. Using a snap ring pliers, removesnap ring. Loosen hex screw.
d. Lift well tube off lower leg assembly. Lift pis-ton rod to gain access to top of cylinder.
e. Remove four hex screws. Lift cylinder headretainer. A wire or rubber band may be usedto hold to sprocket screwdriver, carefully re-move spiral retaining ring. Lift piston rod as-sembly out of cylinder tube. Using a largesnap ring pliers, remove heavy duty snapring. Pull off piston, cylinder head, retainingring and cylinder head retainer.
f. Before reassembling leg, remove all sealsand wear rings. Clean all parts. Inspect allbearing surfaces and sealing surfaces forscratches, nicks or other defects, replace ifnecessary. Replace all wear rings and lightlylubricate all seals before reassembly. Care-fully reassemble the leg reversing the orderdescribed above.
g. Return leg to trailer and reconnect all hoses.Apply grease to grease fitting and cycle legsfully several times to bleed air from system.Check oil level.
4-14 CRANK LANDING GEAR
4-14.1 It may be necessary to periodically lu-bricate to maintain satisfactory performance.
a. Lube both legs through grease fittings pro-vided in the legs two times a year or as re-quired.
b. Lube two-speed gears through the greasefitting in the gearbox two times a year or asrequired.
4-14.2 Gearbox Dismantling (See Figure4-22)
a. Remove all rust from shafts and lubricate foreasier removal of gearbox cover.
b. Remove gearbox cover by removing boltsand nuts.
c. To remove shaft, shaft must be free of rust.Lubricate and tap out from mounting bracketside. Remove shifter gear by removing spiralpin and pin. Also remove shifter spring aftershaft has been removed.
d. Remove shaft and step gear.
e. Remove all worn, bent, or broken parts.4-14.3 Leg Dismantling
a. Disconnect cross shaft by removing nutsand bolts and remove the landing gear fromthe trailer.
b. Remove all rust from projecting end of shaftand lubricate for easy removal.
c. Remove screws, leg cover, and gasket.d. Tap out groove pin from bevel pinion gear.e. Remove shaft from landing gear making
sure not to lose shims or location of shims.f. Next, remove nut from top of elevating
screw and inner leg assembly.g. Remove bevel gear from screw in inner leg
assembly.h. Tap end of screw with wood block or brass
hammer until screw and inner leg assemblydrop out. (Be careful not to damage screwthreads.)
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4-33
Figure 4-22 Crank Landing Gear Assembly
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i. Lift out polyethylene bushing.j. Remove thrust bearing, thrust washer, and
woodruff key from screw in assembly.k. Replace all worn, bent, or broken parts.
4-14.4 Leg Assemblya. Place thrust washer on top of elevating
screw. Thrust bearing follows and must be as-sembled with cup of bearing up.
b. Place outer leg over screw and nut portionof inner leg assembly. Press down untilthreaded part of elevating screw is clearlyvisible through hole in top of the outer leg.
c. Fit polyethylene bushing into place aroundscrew in leg assembly and push all the waydown into bearing block.
d. Install woodruff key in slot of elevatingscrew and install bevel gear in place.
e. Secure bevel gear. Use Loc-tite on threadsof screw and install jam lock nut. Make surebevel gear turns freely.
f. Place bevel pinion gear on top of bevel gearon the opposite side from mounting bracket ofsingle speed out leg, or mounting bracket sideof 2-speed outer leg.
g. Install shaft through outer. Install shims re-moved previously and slide shaft throughshims and bevel pinion gear.
h. Align holes in bevel pinion gear with hole inshaft, insert groove pin so that shafts turnfreely and the two gears are engaged prop-erly.
i. Check for proper shimming. Proper shim-ming achieved when the shafts turn freelyand there is no more than 1/16" gap betweenthe shims and the outer leg when shaft ispushed toward the bevel gear.
j. Make sure this assembly is well lubricatedwith a permanent type lubricant (1/2 pound,minimum).
k. Replace gasket, metal cover, and self tap-ping screws.
l. Install landing gear back on trailer. Adjustboth legs to the same length and install crossshaft and bolts and nuts. When installingcross shaft make sure there is enough endplay and gears crank freely.
4-14.5 Gearbox Assemblya. To replace shifter gear, install pin in shaft.
Then slide shifter on shaft so that recess inshifter gear fits over pin. Install spiral pin.
b. Insert shaft with gear in lower hole of gear-box and install shifter spring in place.
c. Slide gear on shaft and insert shaft in mid-dle hole of gear box.
d. Install step gear on shaft and secure withspiral pins.
e. Place idler gear in shaft with shoulder ofgear to inside.
f. Gears must be coated with permanent typegrease in order to obtain successful opera-tion.
g. Replace gasket and gearbox cover and as-semble with bolts and nuts.
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5TROUBLESHOOTING
Troubleshooting should be performed by a trained and competent technician. Landoll Corporation isnot responsible for equipment that is improperly maintained. Contact an authorized Landoll Service cen-ter or the Landoll factory for servicing.
5-1 ELECTRICAL
Most electrical system problems show up as a burned out light or fuse, or inoperative electricalcomponent. Wiring, grounds, or components may be at fault. Locate the symptom in this section thatbest identifies your electrical problem. Check out each possible problem under that symptom. If theproblem cannot be located, see an automotive electrical specialist. For maintenance procedures seeSection 4-5.
SYMPTOM PROBLEM: REMEDYNO LIGHTS Fuse blown: replace fuse.
Connection at plug-in: tighten connection.Broken or corroded wires: replace wire.Ground wire loose: clean and tighten ground.
LIGHTS FLICKERING Wires shorted or loose: locate, insulate, replace, or tighten.Grounding through fifth wheel: locate broken ground wire(tractor or semitrailer).
LIGHTS DIM Voltage difference between semitrailer & tractor: matchbulbs with tractor voltage.Grounding through fifth wheel: locate broken ground wire(tractor or semitrailer).
LIGHTS BRIGHT & BURN OUT Voltage difference between semitrailer & tractor: matchbulbs with tractor voltage.
FUSE BLOW-OUT OR CIRCUITBREAKER TRIPPING
Vibration: locate source of vibration and repair.Short circuit: replace fuse and try all accessories. If fuseblows right away, locate short and repair.
LAMP BULB BURN OUT Vibration: locate source of vibration and repair.Short circuit: replace fuse and try all accessories. If fuseblows right away, locate short and repair.Loose connection: check lamp sockets and ground connec-tions.Intermittent short: locate short and repair.Improper voltage: check voltage regulator output.
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5-2 TIRES - WHEELS - SUSPENSION
Most tire, wheel, and suspension related problems are due to excessive loads, extreme conditions,and improper maintenance. Tire, wheel, and suspension problems can be easily detected and solved bychecking the following guide. For maintenance procedures, See Sections 4-4, 4-6, 4-7, 4-9, 4-10, 4-11.
SYMPTOM PROBLEM: REMEDYVIBRATIONS WHILE DRIVING Improper tire inflation: inflate to proper pressure.
Tires cupped or have flat spots: replace tires.Wheels bent or loose: replace or tighten.Tires incorrectly mounted: remount.Mud in wheels: clean wheels.Tire(s) out of balance: balance tires.Brakes dragging: locate cause and repair.Object(s) stuck between duals: remove object(s).
RAPID TIRE WEAR/DETERIORA-TION:
CENTER TREAD WEAR Over inflation: deflate to correct inflation.
SHOULDER TREAD WEAR -BOTH SHOULDERS
Under inflation: increase inflation to correct PSI. Check axlealignment.Overload: loads are above rated tire capacity. DO NOT loadabove rated tire capacity.
SHOULDER TREAD WEAR - ONESHOULDER
Axle damage: straighten or replace axle.Axles not parallel: check axle alignment.
OVERALL TREAD WEAR Overloading: check tire load rating.High speeds: adjust speed according to road and load condi-tions.Incorrect dual matching: properly match dual tires.Front and rear axle suspension air bags not inflated: Adjustfront and rear axle ride height control valves to proper settings(See Section 4-6.4)
TIRE FLAT SPOTS Quick stops: adjust braking practices.Grabbing brakes: adjust brakes properly.Worn or loose wheel bearings: adjust or replace as needed.Out of balance wheels and tire: balance wheels and tires.Check ABS system function.Front and rear axle suspension air bags not inflated: Adjustfront and rear axle ride height control valves to proper settings(See Section 4-6.4)
UNEVEN WEAR Suspension bushings worn: replace bushings.Worn or loose wheel bearings: adjust or replace as needed.Out of balance wheels and tires: balance wheels and tires.
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TIRES - WHEELS - SUSPENSION (CONTINUED)
SYMPTOMS PROBLEM: REMEDY
RIM FAILURE*:
CRACKING Overinflated tires: deflate tire to proper PSI.High speeds: adjust speed according to road and load condi-tions.High speed cornering: adjust cornering practices.Over loading: check rim load rating.
*IN ALL INSTANCES OF RIM FAILURE, REPLACE THE RIM IMMEDIATELY!
BENDING OR WARPING Curb-hopping or potholes: adjust turning practices and adjustspeed accordingly with road conditions.Improper tightening sequence: follow proper tightening se-quence. (See Figure 4-20)
BROKEN STUDS* Over tightening: use correct torque when mounting.
*REPLACE BROKEN STUDS BEFORE USING THE SEMITRAILER!
SEMITRAILER TRACKING PROB-LEMS:
TRACKS TO ONE SIDE Axle alignment: re-align axle.
TRACKS TO EITHER SIDE Broken or bent springs or equalizers: replace defectiveparts.Axles not parallel: realign axles
AIR RIDE HEIGHT PROBLEMS:
TOO HIGH Axle to control valve linkage: readjust linkage.Height Control Valve internal leak: repair or replace valve.
TOO LOW Axle to control valve linkage: readjust linkage.Height Control Valve filter plugged: clean or replace valve.Pressure Protection Valve filter plugged: clean or replacevalve.System air pressure low (65 PSI minimum required): trou-bleshoot air supply.
UNEVEN FROM SIDE TO SIDE Linkage adjustment: readjust linkage.Exhaust port plugged: clean or replace valve(s).Height control valve internal leak: repair or replace valve.Supply line to one height control valve pinched, restricted,or plugged: repair or replace line.
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5-3 BRAKES
For maintenance procedures, see Section 4-8.
SYMPTOM PROBLEM: REMEDYNO BRAKES OR BRAKESARE INTERMITTENT
Brake air system improperly connected: reconnect handvalves properly.Relay/Emergency valve plugged: clean valve.Defective tractor protection valve: repair or replace.Restricted tubing or hose line: locate and eliminate restric-tion.Broken line: locate break and repair.Tractor air system failure: troubleshoot tractor air system and re-pair. Check ABS system function.
SINGLE BRAKE DRAGGINGOR LOCKED
Broken internal brake component: locate and replace brokenpart.Flat spot on cam roller or cam shaft: replace and lubricate.Improper adjustment: adjust slack adjusters.Spider bushing or cam bracket bushing binding: lubricate orreplace bushing.Improper lubrication: lubricate per Figure 4-1.Worn brake shoe bushing: replace bushing.Brake drum distortion: replace drum.Broken brake chamber spring: replace spring.Brake chamber pushrod binding: re-align brake chamberbracket.Air brake line loose or broken: tighten or repair.
UNEVEN BRAKES See “SINGLE BRAKE DRAGGING OR LOCKED”Restriction in hose: locate restriction and remove.Worn brake linings: reline brakes.Grease on linings: reline brakes.Broken slack adjuster: replace slack adjuster.Leaking brake chamber diaphragm: replace diaphragm.
BRAKES APPLY TOO SLOWLY Brakes need adjusting or lubrication: adjust or lubricate asneeded.Low air pressure in brake system (below 105 PSI): checktractor air system.Restricted tubing or hose: locate restriction and remove.Defective relay valve: clean or replace.Call Factory or see qualified Trailer/Brake Technician
BRAKES RELEASE TOO SLOWLY Brakes need adjusting or lubrication: adjust or lubricate asneeded.Brake rigging binding: align brakes or replace bent parts.Exhaust port of relay valve restricted or plugged: cleanvalve.Tractor pressure too low: Adjust to provide 105 psi min.
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BRAKES (CONTINUED)
SYMPTOM PROBLEM: REMEDYALL BRAKES DO NOT RELEASE Air system improperly connected to tractor: tighten or
adjust connections.Brake valve on tractor is applied: release brake.Relay emergency valve in emergency position: check linepressure and check valve.Restricted tubing or line: locate restriction and remove.Defective tractor protection valve: troubleshoot tractor airsystem.Parking brakes locked: troubleshoot air system.Moisture in air system: Check air systemTractor pressure too low: Adjust to provide 105 psi min.
INSUFFICIENT BRAKES Brakes need adjusting: adjust brakes.Brakes need lubricating: lubricate brakes.Brakes need relining: reline brakes.Low air pressure: troubleshoot air system.Defective relay emergency valve: repair or replace.Brakes overheated: stop and allow brakes to cool, locatecause of overheating.
BRAKES GRABBING Grease on brake linings: reline brakes.Brake rigging binding: align brakes or replace bent parts.Defective brake valve on tractor: repair or replace valve.Defective relay emergency valve: repair or replace valve.
EXCESSIVE LEAKAGE WITHBRAKES RELEASED
Relay emergency valve leaking: repair or replace valve.Leaking tubing or hose: replace defective part.
EXCESSIVE LEAKAGE WITHBRAKES APPLIED
Relay emergency valve leaking: repair or replace valve.Leaking brake chamber diaphragm: replace diaphragm.Call Factory or see qualified Trailer/Brake TechnicianLeaking tubing or hose: replace defective part.
EXCESSIVE LEAKAGE WITHEMERGENCY SYSTEM ONLYAPPLIED - NO LEAKAGE WITHNORMAL BRAKING
Defective relay emergency valve: repair or replace valve.
EXCESSIVE WATER PRESENT INBRAKE SYSTEM
Reservoir not drained often enough: drain reservoir daily.
EXCESSIVE OIL PRESENT INBRAKE SYSTEM
Compressor on tractor passing excessive oil: repair com-pressor.
BRAKE WILL NOT APPLYPROPERLY
Flat spot on cam roller or camshaft: replace and lubricate.
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BRAKES (CONTINUED)
SYMPTOM PROBLEM: REMEDYBRAKES WILL NOT APPLYWHEN EMERGENCY LINE ISDISCONNECTED
Initial air pressure too low: allow air system to build up tominimum 90 PSI and stabilize.Defective relay valve: repair or replace valve.Air line leak: locate leak and repair.Brake chamber leak: locate leak and repair or replace.
ABS WARNING LIGHTSTAYS ON
Refer to Rockwell WABCO ABS maintenance manual sup-plied with semitrailer, for system function and use of blinkcode diagnostics.
5-4 BRAKE DRUMS
For maintenance procedures, See Sections 4-6 - 4-10.
SYMPTOM PROBLEM: REMEDY
EXCESSIVE LOSS OF BRAKESOR FADING
Overheated brake drums: check for defective or misadjustedbrake linings, distorted or over-machined drums. Also check foroperating conditions or loads that create severe or excessivebrake applications.
BRAKES PULL TO EITHER SIDE Drums of different diameters: replace with drums of same di-ameter.Foreign matter in drums: clean drums out.Damaged air lines: check for damaged air lines to respectiveside of semitrailer.Brakes not adjusted correctly: readjust brakes and checkslack adjuster operation.
ROUGH OR NOISY BRAKING AC-TION
Defective drums: pull drums and inspect for any of the follow-ing; Heat spotted drums, grease spotting, blue drums, scoreddrums, excessive wear at rivet holes or edges, polished drums,out of round drums, unbalanced drums, worn/damaged brakecomponents, foreign matter in drums. Correct situation or re-place defective part(s).
VIBRATION IN RIDE Defective drums or out-of-round: replace drums.Out-of-balance drums: balance drums.
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5-5 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Most hydraulic system failures follow the same pattern: a gradual or sudden loss of pressure or flowwith a resulting loss of cylinder or motor power. Any one of the system’s components may be at fault.By following step-by-step procedures, the trouble can be located in a short time. For maintenance pro-cedures, See Section 4-4.
SYMPTOM PROBLEM: REMEDYSEMITRAILER LOCKED INTILTED POSITION
Velocity fuse activated: raise the trailer slightly (to reset thevelocity fuse), then lower the trailer slowly.
SYSTEM INOPERATIVE Not enough oil in system: fill, check for leaks.Wrong oil in system: change oil, see specifications.Filter dirty or clogged: drain oil and replace filter.Hydraulic lines dirty or collapsed: clean or replace as neces-sary.Air leaks in pump suction line: repair or replace as neces-sary.Worn or dirty pump: clean, repair or replace. Check for con-taminated oil. Drain and flush.Badly worn components: examine for internal leakage. Re-place faulty components. Check for cause of wear.Leakage: check all components, and relief valve for proper set-tings.Excessive load: check unit specifications for load limits.Slipping or broken pump drive: repair or replace couplings.Check for alignment.
SYSTEM OPERATES ERRATIC-ALLY
Air in the system: check suction side of system for leaks. Re-pair leaks.Cold oil: allow ample warm-up time. Use proper weight oilfor operating temperature.Dirty or damaged components: clean or repair as needed.Restriction in filters or lines: clean and/or replace filter orlines.Not enough oil in system: fill and check for leaks.
SYSTEM OPERATES SLOWLY Oil viscosity too high, or “cold oil”. Allow oil to warm upbefore operating.Low pump drive speed: increase engine speed (check pumpowners manual for specifications).Low oil level: check reservoir and add oil as necessary.Air in system: check suction side for leaks. Repair leaks.Badly worn pump, valves, cylinders, etc.: repair or replacefaulty component(s) as necessary.Restrictions in lines or filter: clean and/or replace filter orlines.Improper adjustments: check orifices, relief valves, etc.Adjust as necessary.Oil leaks: tighten fittings. Replace seals, gaskets and damagedlines.
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM (CONTINUED)
SYMPTOM PROBLEM: REMEDYSYSTEM OPERATES TOO FAST Wrong size or incorrectly adjusted restrictor: replace or
adjust as necessary.Engine running too fast: reduce engine speed.
OVER HEATING OFOIL IN SYSTEM
Oil passing through relief valve for excessive time: returncontrol valve to neutral when not in use.Incorrect, low, dirty oil: use recommended oil. Fill reservoirwith clean oil. Replace filter.Engine running too fast: reduce engine speed.Excessive component internal leakage: repair or replacecomponent as necessary.Restriction in filters or lines: clean and/or replace filter orlines.Insufficient heat radiation: clean dirt and mud fromreservoir and components.Malfunctioning component: repair or replace.Excess oil going to dock level circuit: adjust flow divider for2.5 to 3.1 GPM flow.
FOAMING OF OIL Incorrect, low, or dirty oil: replace, clean or add oil asneeded.Water in oil: replace oilAir leaks: check suction line and component seals for suctionleaks. Replace defective parts.
NOISY PUMP Low, incorrect, foamy oil: replace, clean, or add oil asneeded.Suction line plugged: clean out obstruction or replace line.Flush system, replace filter.Pump damaged: repair or place.
LEAKY PUMP Damaged or worn shaft seal: Replace seal and/or shaft andcheck for misalignment.Loose or broken parts: Tighten or replace.
CYLINDERS MOVE WITHCONTROL VALVE INNEUTRAL POSITION
Leaking cylinder seals or fittings: Replace worn seals or fit-tings.Control valve not centering when released: Check linkagefor binding and repair.Valve damaged: Repair or replace.
CONTROL VALVE LEAKS Seals damaged or worn: Replace.
CYLINDER LEAKS Seals worn or damaged: Replace.Rod damaged: Replace.Barrel damaged: Replace.
CYLINDERS DO NOTFUNCTION, OR CREEPWITH PTO DISENGAGED
Leaking fittings or cylinder seals: Tighten loose fittings.Replace worn seals or fittings.Piloted check valve or O-ring leak: Replace defective compo-nent.
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5-6 HYDRAULIC POWER SUPPLY ENGINE PACKAGE
To troubleshoot the engine in the hydraulic engine package, please refer to the owners manual thatwas provided with the engine package.
5-7 REMOTE CONTROL
SYMPTOM PROBLEM: REMEDYDOES NOT FUNCTION No power: Check center pin of 7-way connector with voltmeter
(+12VDC). Correct wiring per Tractor Repair manual.Check remote plugged in: Self-explanatory.No current to solenoid: Check wire harness connection totractor.No air supply to solenoid: Check hydraulics connections.
5-8 DOCK LEVELER HYDRAULICS
For maintenance procedures, See Section 4-13.
SYMPTOM PROBLEM: REMEDYFAILS TO LIFT SEMITRAILER Insufficient hydraulic supply pressure: adjust relief valve for
2400-2500 psi.Worn hydraulic pump: service or replace.Insufficient volume to dock level circuit: adjust flow dividerto provide 2.5 to 3.1 GPM.Too heavy a load: reduce load on cylinders.
LOWERS UNEVENLY ORERRATICALLY
Insufficient volume to dock level circuit: clean system andnew oil and filter.Dirty oil in check valves: use same procedure as above.
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NOTES:
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