Modals Best

8/9/2019 Modals Best

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MODAL VERBS:

STRUCTURE & USE


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What are modal verbs?• Can

• Could• May

• Might

They are Auxiliary verbs that

provide additional and specific

meaning to the main verb of the

• Must• Shall

• Should

• Ought to• Will

• Would

sentence


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How do we use modals?

SSubject

VVerb

M

Example: Mary could play the piano

They do not accept conjugation

They do not need other auxiliary verbs


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Form

to can # caning to must #musting

Modal verbs do not have in$initives or $ing forms

She must study %strong obligation&

We should have gone the other way %recommendation&

He could play football in his youth %ability in the past&

Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without to


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What do they e(press?

They can have more than one meaning

depending on the situations

&' ng e oncep o a : ey ave one mean ng(' )ouble %oncept Modal: they have t*o meanings

+' Modals in past) !hey are used to e(press a situation

in the past


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Single Concept ModalModal %oncept Examples

#ill Future *oe will travel to +' ne(t week

Might Small probability , might move to Canada some day

Should -ecommendation 'ou should go to the doctor

-ught to Formal recommendation We ought to know about first aids

.ad better Warning , had better study or , will fail the test


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ouble Concept ModalModal %oncept Examples

May /&0 .ermission May , come in?

May /(0 /ood probability We may visit Me(ico this summer

Must /&0 -esponsibility 0veryone must pay ta(es

Must /(0 1ssumption She didn"t arrive2 She must be sick

#ould /&0 .ast %used to& When , was young3 , would play soccer

#ould /(0 .resent unreal , would buy the car but , can"t afford it


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ouble Concept ModalModal %oncept Examples

Shall /&0 0ducated e(pressionOffer 0(cuse me3 , shall go nowShall , clean it?

Shall /(0 Contractual obligation !he company shall pay on *anuary 4st

%ould /&0 5nreal 1bility , could go if , had time

%ould /(0 .ast 1bility She could play the piano %but she can"t

anymore&

%an /&0 .resent 1bility We can speak 0nglish

%an /(0 .ermission Can , have a candy?


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%A6 , can play thepiano

Can , go out

tonight?

%A6"T She can"t be his mum2

She 6s too young

, can"t speak

/erman

Can , borrow the

car? +o3 , can"t2

M37.T ,t might rain tomorrow

%-94) ,t could rain tomorrow , could already

read when , was

two

Could , see your

passport please3

sir?

MA5 ,t may rain tomoroww May , leave the

table?

M9ST She must be his sister

because they look

alike2

'ou must leave

before the clock

strikes twelve2

.AVE T- , have to study

tonight2

S.A44 'ou shall pay on

!uesday

Shall , help you?

S.-94)

-97.T T-

'ou should see it2

,t"s e(cellent2

.A) 2ETTE1 'ou had better

sleep more2

#-94) Would you like a

drink?


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Modals in the .ast

!hey are modals referred to actions that

happened in the past

M-)A4 .AVE verb in ast artici le

,t must have been a difficult decision

!hey should have invited her to their wedding


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M-)A4 ,E18E%T 9SES E;AM,4ES

M5S! H170 8 .2.2 9ogical conclusion on a past event .eter has arrived late2 He must

have been in a traffic :am

M1' # M,/H! H170 8 .2.2 eduction on a past event *oe may # might have taken the

wrong train2

CO59 H170 8 .2.2 .ossibility to do something3 gone

unfulfilled

'ou could have played better

CO59+"! H170 8 .2.2 Certainty that something couldn"t have

happened

He couldn"t have passed

because you hadn"t studied

enough

WO59 H170 8 .2.2 esire to do something3 but

impossibility to do it for e(ternal

causes

, would have visited you3 but ,

forgot your address

SHO59 #

O5/H! !O H170 8 .2.2

9ament on something that should have

been done

'ou should # ought to have

warned me earlier

SHO59+"! H170 8 .2.2 Criti;ue on something that shouldn"t

have happened

He shouldn"t have told them

+00+"! H170 8 .2.2 Somthing that wasn"t necessary doing 'ou needn"t have bought it 2


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Modals


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.ractise

42 My son === be home by now2 Where can he be?

a2 Have to b2 would c2 should d2 could>2 , think your thumb is broken2 'ou === go to the emergency room2

a2 Might b2 could c2 ought to d2 can

2 ,f you are interested in losing weight3 you ====== try this new diet2

a2 Could b2 mustn"t c2 don"t have to d2 had to

@2 *ohn"s fallen down the stairsA , ======== call an ambulanceA

a2 Will b2 might c2 may d2 ought to

B2 'ou ======= come too early2 We won"t leave until o"clock2

a2 Has to b2 must c2 needn"t d2 can"t


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.ractise

D2 Children ======== be accompanied by an adult at the Eoo2

a2 Ought to b2 must c2 would d2 mustn"t2 'ou ========= talk during tests2 ,t"s forbiddenA

a2 don"t have to b2 mustn"t c2 couldn"t d2 ought to

G2 , can feel the heat2 We ========= be near the fire2

a2 Can b2 would c2 must d2 have to

2 !hey ======== hear him because he was whispering2

a2 Wouldn"t b2 mustn"t c2 shouldn"t d2 couldn"t

42 'ou"ve never heard of Iritney Spears? 'ou ======== be seriousA

a2 Must b2 had to c2 can"t d2 shouldn"t


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.ractise

442 ========== you like to have dinner with me tonight?

a2 Could b2 may c2 should d2 would

4>2 'ou ========= let him hear about the party tomorrow2 ,t"s a surpriseA

a2 mustn"t b2 wouldn"t c2 couldn"t d2 can

42 ========== , speak to the Chief Councellor3 please?

a2 Must b2 May c2 Would d2 +eed

4@2 He has arrived late2 He ======= missed the bus

a2 Must have b2 Should have c2 Could have d2 must


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More practise

-e


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More practise

-e


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5se your imagination

Thin< about these situations and create a sentence using modals'

42

We are going to .aris for a weekend2 %Make suggestions about things todo&

>2 We start school in September2 %!alk about necessity&

2 argare s a very a en e spor swoman2 a a ou a y

@2 'ou have :ust won the lotteryA %!alk about possibility&

B2 .eter has got a headache and a congested nose2 %/ive him some advice&

D2 'ou want to borrow your uncle"s Mercedes IenE2 %1sk for permission

politely&


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.ossible answers

42 We could visit the 9ouvre # We should go up the 0iffel !ower

>2 We have to buy a new notebook

2

@2 , might stop working # , may buy a new car # , can travel to +ew 'ork

B2 'ou should see a doctor # 'ou ought to drink hot tea

D2 Can , borrow your car3 please? or May , borrow your car3 please?

Documents

Modals Best