Mobile Network Evolution to NGN - ITU: Committed to ... 1 Service Architectures and Platforms Mobile Network Evolution to NGN Dr. Nat Natarajan Fellow of the Technical Staff Motorola

11Service Architectures and

Platforms

Mobile Network Evolution to NGN

Dr. Nat NatarajanFellow of the Technical Staff

Motorola Inc.Global Telecom Solutions Sector

1501 W. Shure DriveArlington Heights, IL 60004, USA

[email protected]

ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE & Baltic States, Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3 December 2003

2ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 for CEE and Baltic States,

Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1-3, December 2003

Outline

• Abstract• Introduction• Requirements and Characteristics• NGN Enabling Technologies• Convergence as a key theme • Converged Services• Conclusions



Abstract (1/2)

o The emergence of Next Generation Networks will usher in era offering a wide range of services delivered over an integrated combination of diversified, heterogeneous access networks

o Users of a NGN will have access to a wide range of devices(with varying capabilities, such as phone, PDA, laptop and embedded wireless devices)

o They will find themselves with a need to communicate in a variety of environments (e.g., home, enterprise, fixed or mobilehotspots and automobiles).

o Successful evolution to a NGN will be enabled by the introduction of advanced network and service capabilities that will contribute to end user satisfaction as well as profitable business operations for carriers.



Abstract (2/2)

o For pragmatic reasons, carriers may consider a roadmap to evolve toward a NGN architecture by overlaying key technology elements of the NGN on their existing network investments and infrastructures.

o As the evolutionary path to NGN is undertaken, it is essential to ensure users have a consistent, predictable experience under all circumstances.

o This will require the targeting (or retargeting) of informationcontent for seamless service delivery to users taking into account the specifics of device, network, application, user preference and other factors into account.

o We will present a vision of converged network and services expected in a NGN and a plausible path to realizing the vision.



Introductiono Traditional definition is based on a sequence of generations

1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.X G 4G 5G (CDMA2000, W-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, …) ( 1X-EVDO, 1X-EVDV, HSDPA/HSUPA, …)

o New 4G air-interfaces are targeting higher spectral efficiency • Higher peak and average bit rates per user • Different proposals based on OFDM, MC-CDMA, FDMA, TDMA or

combinations are being pursued by various groups

0.1Data Rate (Mbps)

1

Mob

ility

10 100

Stat

iona

ry

Ped

estr

ian

Ve

hicu

lar

3G

Wireless Access

WirelessLAN

4G5G

2.5G3G

Wireless Access

WirelessLAN

4G5G

2.5GBeyond-3G



Introductiono Generation gap in current mobile systems

Monolithic system designDifficult and expensive system evolutionFocus on killer applications instead of applications ecosystem

o NGN includes a variety of technology enablers at higher layers of protocol stack (including network, services and applications)

Scope is broader than implied by the classical definition of mobile generations based on the peak data rates enabled on the uplink and downlink directions and a number of quantifiable physical performance characteristics.Probably no universally accepted definition of a mobile generation when characteristics beyond the air-interface are considered.

o High-level requirements and some of the critical enabling technologies for NGN are considered



Some Requirements and Characteristics1. Integrated Support for a Diverse Set of:

Radio Access Technologies (including High speed Wireless LAN (>100 Mbps), evolution of 3G air interfaces and new 4G air interfaces) andWireline / Fixed Access Technologies for stationary or nomadic users

2. Moving Networks (closed group of users moving collectively with respect to a fixed network)

3. Support for Ad-hoc Networks4. Advanced Mobility Management5. End-to-End Quality of Service 6. Enablers for Rapid Service Creation and Deployment7. Soft-switch enabled deployment flexibility8. Seamless Support across a variety of access networks, device types and media forms9. Migration from & backward compatibility with legacy systems10. Flexible network management (including auto-configuration)11. Network security12. Flexibility for advanced billing and charging capabilities13. Ubiquitous coverage and availability of service14. Reliability, serviceability and availability and managed IP-based architectures15. Personalization of the content and service, which adapts to the user needs and

preferences, the device and the environment; contextual cues (location, time, proximity and presence)

16. Person-to-person, person-to-machine and machine-to-machine communicationsNGN capabilities will be evolutionary



Multiple Access Networks

Wide area cellular choices:- W-CDMA- IS-2000 (1X and beyond)- TD-SCDMA- Evolving B3G / 4G AI

- 802.16e- 802.20

Access Independent IP Core Network that:• Is Managed• Is Mobility Enabled • Supports QoS and AAA

Wireless LAN (e.g., 802.11a/b/g/n orHiperLAN2 or HiSWANa)

R R

R

R

R

+Alternate Wired (DSL, Cable) or Wireless Access Networks (Bluetooth, WPAN 802.15, HiperMAN / Wireless MAN 802.16/.16a, …)

RR

RAN access only

Can have dual access - RAN or WLAN

WLAN access only

Ethernetsegment

Can have WLAN and Ethernet access

Ethernet access only

System enables the bestchoice of access networkas user moves in different access environments.

BS

BS BSBS AP APAP AP

As the mobile station moves, different access network choices become available

Mobile StationsWith multiple access interfaces

MovingNetwork Ad-hoc

Network

MR



VehicularNetwork

3G

WLAN

DVB-TMobilerouter

Moving NetworksVehicular network with IPv6 mobility

A moving network in a car or vehicle with mobile router, moving between 3G, WLAN and DVB-T

• Moving network– Composed of a Mobile Router (MR) and its attached IP-subnet(s)– Changes its topological point of attachment to the IP infrastructure via the MR

• Scenarios– PAN/LAN inside the vehicle - IP connectivity to attached electronic gadgets via a MR in the vehicle– Vehicular network: A MR in the vehicle, providing IP connectivity to the wide area Internet and beyond

ExampleOverDRiVE EU FP5 Project



2G site3G site WLAN sites

Local network Remote network

•Move from circuit to packet – need comparable guarantees

End-to-End Quality of ServiceKey Challenges to Service Provisioning

•Multiple services support –widely different QoS needs

•Multiple access technologies –need to adjust to widely different bandwidths

•Mobility between access points –need to maintain QoS when handover

•Scarce wireless bandwidth – need to maximize efficiency

•Large networks –need solution scalability within network

•Multiple administrative domains – need to coordinate for E2E QoS

Access Routers

Border Routers



End-to-End Quality of ServiceComponents of a solution required for Converged Services

QoS Agent (QA) in Mobile Node• Provides QoS services to Application• QoS Profiles bound to application• Access Signaling with AR

QoS Manager (QM) in Access Router• Provides QoS services at network edge • Access Signaling with QoS Agent in Mobile• Policy signaling with QoS Server in Network

Access signaling

Policy signaling

Data

QoS Server (QS) in Network Domain• Provides QoS services within network• Uses QoS Profiles to determine allocations• Policy Signaling with Access, Border Routers

Inter-domain signaling



End-to-End Quality of Service

o QoS Server - coordinated admission and allocation decisionsOptimum allocations maximize air link efficiency, minimize blockingEnables QoS over handover

o QoS Profiles - optimized allocations that maximize user satisfactionUser needs versus available bandwidth tradeoffs

o Architecture allows per-flow QoS over air and scalable QoS within backbone

o Based on optimized adaptive allocation and marking algorithmso Advanced QoS Architecture supports priority, preemption,

multimedia dispatch



Soft-switches are providing increased deployment flexibility for an NGN

IP

Media Gateway

Media Gateway

Control Switch

Distributed Media Gateways

TDM (CCS/CAS 64K trunks)IP (RTP/UDP/IP)

TDMATMIP

TDMATMIP

TDMATMIP

Bearer traffic can be handled in the served

markets, reducing operator backhaul costs

Centralized

Distributed in served market

Distributed in served market



Softswitch-based Architecture

CDMA-One/CDMA-2000

IP Backbone

TDM Backbone

IP

MSS SS7

ANSI-41 HLR, AuC, SCP

TDM / ATM

IP

ISUPMSC/PSTN Switch

TDM

TDM

Control Switch

Media Gateway

ALL-IPIP

RANIP

RAN

GSM/GPRS/UMTS

Softswitch

GSM HLR, AuC, SCP



CDMA-One/CDMA-2000CDMA-One/CDMA-2000

IP Backbone

TDM Backbone

IP

MSS SS7

ANSI-41 HLR, AuC, SCP

TDM / ATM

IP

ISUPMSC/PSTN Switch

TDM

TDM

Control Switch

Media Gateway

ALL-IPIP

RAN

IP

RANIP

RAN

GSM/GPRS/UMTS

Softswitch

GSM HLR, AuC, SCP

PTT with Softswitch

Enterprise with Softswitch

Softswitch-based Architecturewith Value Added Solutions

Enterprise



Seamless Mobile Experience Macro-Vision

Seamless Home NetworkingDevice and services configuration move with user

Common Device Config. & Services Suite

Internet

Seamless ServicesPersistent personal environment

hides heterogeneity and complexity

Home

Vehicle

Provider Network

Workplace

Seamless Mobile CommunicationsConnectivity and Services at work, home, car

Seamless Office EnvironmentContextually aware Info. follows user



InternetIPv4 IPv6

ISP ISP

WLAN

Enterprise(IPv6)

PublicTransport

PrivateTransport

WLAN

Home(IPv6)

WLAN

WLAN

WPAN

Networking Goals for Seamlessness

• Secure Seamless Mobile Experience with handoffs between:

– Hybrid access networks– Different administrative domains

• Auto-configuration of systems• IPv6 Based unified and enhanced

networking across all user networking environments

• From an user’s perspectiveUnified authentication / security, billing and ease of access to applications from all locations acceptable QoS at all times

DigitalB’casting

WWAN

WLAN

InternetServiceProvider

(IPv6)



Seamless Services: MotivationCurrent: Single Purpose Multi-media– single device (cellphone, TV)– single-purpose (real-time viewing)– single network

Self-Limiting Architecture

Solution

“Middlebox”architecture for dynamic media destination selection,

routing, adaptation

Compelling Applications

MultimediaContent

Network, DeviceUpgrades

Current Mobile Multimedia

Example• Heard this great song on car radio• How do I get it to my home PC, wife’s car radio

Desired: Retargetable Multimedia– Route around disconnect islands– Media flows to devices, networks that

reach the user– Pervasive Service Reachability



General NGN expectations

o A NGN user will have access to:

Multiple devices (with varying capabilities) such as mobile phones, laptops, PDAs, appliances, sensors, etc.Multiple radio access networks (WLAN, cellular, bluetooth, wired choices)Multiple media types (voice, data, video, text, high-fi voice and video, etc).NGN must provide automatic and adaptive support for seamless transition from one set of choices to another with no explicit user action and no perceived disruption of service.

o The NGN middleware is expected to provide the required intelligence

o The needed software will lie between applications and transport protocol used by communication session and provide the necessarymechanisms for delivery of content to user in a manner consistent with the particular network and device that is the best choice in a given context.



Media Server Web Server

CONTENT SERVER

B3G Middleware

CellularCellular

WLANWLAN

As the mobile user moves he has access to different client devices and radio access networks. The network middleware adapts content for a given environment.

NGN Middleware

Media Server Web Server



Converged Services with Multi-Device Media Delivery

Seamless Services Platform• Enable richer mobile services• Dynamic assembly of device ensembles,

can span multiple user spaces• Content optimization based on user preferences

– Device capability– Split Media streams

• Media streams follow user• Integrated presence detection (Bluetooth)

Session Orchestrator

Device Service Mgr

HTTP proxy RTP proxy

User Preference Manager

Personal

OfficeHome

CarrierContent Server

NGN Middleware Server

API to Remote

Transcoders

3rd PartyContent Server

Home-Based Content Server



• Current architecture needs to evolve to meet business requirements to pursue horizontal and vertical integration with a cost-effective and differentiated service offerings

• Carriers should consider a roadmap to a Next Generation Network (NGN) Architecture by overlaying key technology elements of the NGN on their existing network investments and infrastructure

• Evolutionary steps toward NGN likely to be carrier specific and based on a subset of component NGN enabling technologies

Convergence

A recurring theme in Next Generation Network Systems

Why Convergence?



Increase Overall Spend In

Served Domains?

Defend Against

Competition?

Increase My Share

Of Consumer Spending On My

Services?

Service Provider Challenge

€€€€€€€€

Competition For Consumer Share Of Wallet

Operator Operator Challenge: Challenge: How do I…How do I…

GROW THE GROW THE AVAILABLE AVAILABLE

MARKETMARKET

GROW GROW SHARE OF SHARE OF WALLETWALLET

MobileMobile

FixedFixed InternetInternet

TVTV

CableCable ContentContent

MediaMedia

CREATE CREATE ‘STICKINESS’‘STICKINESS’



Network Convergence

WLAN/WAN Convergence



Mobility Manager

Enterprise Seamless Mobility Solution



Seamless Mobility with an Integrated WLAN/Cellular System Exploiting WLAN/WAN Convergence

Seamless Handoff

Enterprise

Service Provider

Network Convergence



Legacy fixed, mobile and data systems can migrate toward a Fixed Mobile Convergence Vision

TYPICAL ARCHITECTURAL APPROACH

PSTN

DSL

HOME

GSM / UMTS

MOVE WIRELESS ACCESS INTO THE HOMELEVERAGE COMMON CORE

HOMEDSL

Broadband IP Network

Media Media GatewaysGateways PSTN

Internet

Wireless Wireless Packet Packet

CoreCore

KEY ENABLER

Home BTS to provide access to DSL via wireless and fixed optionsAppropriate Access Devices

Fixed Mobile Convergence



DHCP / Radius / DNS Services

Media Gateway

Switching Office

Soft Switch

UHLR

ADSL Router / WLAN Access Point

Dual Mode PhoneWLAN / GSM

Home

Broadband Network

PSTN

IP Network

SS7

GW

Carrier Hosted Seamless Mobility Solution

EnterpriseFirewall

Corporate Network

802.11

SS7

Cellular Networks

Network Convergence

WLAN is key to a Home / Work convergence with a carrier hosted seamless mobility solution



Common End-User Services

Voice, Messaging, Push-To-Talk, Video, Web Services, Location Services, Content Storageat Wireline-Like Cost and Desktop-Like User Experience

ContentContentProvidersProvidersContentContent

ProvidersProvidersContentContentProvidersProviders

NetworkNetworkManagementManagement BroadbandBroadband

IP NetworkIP Network

Subs Subs DatabaseDatabase

RoutersRouters

PSTNPSTNGatewaysGateways

InternetInternet

ApplicationApplicationDevelopersDevelopersApplicationApplication

DevelopersDevelopersApplicationApplicationDevelopersDevelopers

Public SafetyPublic SafetyGatewaysGateways

PTTPTTServerServer

MiddlewareMiddleware

SoftSwitchSoftSwitch

IP BasedPBX

TerminalsIP Phone, Web Phone

ResidentialWireless

Wireless AccessWireless Access Wireline AccessWireline Access

Residential Gateway

Access TechnologiesAccess Technologies

DSLDSLCableCable

WirelessWireless

Converged Services Network Vision

Automobile Home EnterpriseHot SpotsNomadic

Public Safety

Communication Domains

Seamless mobile experience and reachabilityeverywhere will be essential in a next generationconverged network



Conclusions

• Many component technologies exist and/or likely in the near futureo Multiple access technologies promoting increased reachability via multiple wireless

and/or wired accesso Network seamlessness provides for mobility across a range of environments, such as,

home, vehicle, enterprise, outdoors, etc.o Services mobility of application/service with intelligent orchestration:

• Across multiple available networks• Adapting to environment and context

o Device seamlessness providing retargetable user experience to multiple devices• Services, content adapt to available User Interface

o Seamless administration / billing• Operator – Rapid deployment, self configuration and management• End User – Single bill with multiple profiles (work, leisure)

• Recommended target goals for NGN include:Creation of a seamless mobile experience for end usersEnabler of profitable service offerings by operators

• NGN is evolutionary and happening now ushering in an exciting new world of communications

Documents

Mobile Network Evolution to NGN - ITU: Committed to ... 1 Service Architectures and Platforms Mobile Network Evolution to NGN Dr. Nat Natarajan Fellow of the Technical Staff Motorola