Mms Sem -1 Leadership-ppt

8/8/2019 Mms Sem -1 Leadership-ppt

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LEADERSHIP


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LEADERSHIP

DEFINITION

Leadership is the process ofLeadership is the process of

influencing the activities of aninfluencing the activities of anorganized group in its efforts towardorganized group in its efforts towardgoal setting and goal achievement .goal setting and goal achievement .


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Leadership DefinitionLeadership Definition Key ElementsKey Elements


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Leadership DefinitionLeadership Definition KeyKey

ElementsElementsLeader-Follower: The influencing process is between leaders and followers, not just a leaderinfluencing followers; its a two way process.

Influence : Influencing is the process of a leader communicating ideas, gaining acceptance

of them, and motivating followers to support and implement the ideas through

change.

Organizational Objectives : High performance leaders influence followers to think not only of their own

interests, but the interest of the organization. Leadership occurs when followers

are influenced to do what is ethical and beneficial for the organization and

themselves.

Change :

Influencing and setting objectives is about change. Organizations need tocontinually change, in adapting to the rapidly changing global environment.

People : Although the term people is not specifically mentioned in the above definition of

Leadership, after reading about the other elements, one can realize that

leadership is about leading people.


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Effective LeadershipEffective Leadership

Leaders with the power and personal traits to be effective in a

leadership situation can lead by taking four sets of actions:

Providing a vision.Providing a vision. Thinking like a leader.Thinking like a leader.

Using the right leadership style.Using the right leadership style.

Using organizational behavior leadership skills.Using organizational behavior leadership skills.


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Leader Vs ManagerLeader Vs ManagerPersonalityPersonality

DimensionDimension

ManagerManager LeaderLeader

Attitudes towardAttitudes toward

goalsgoals

Impersonal, passive,Impersonal, passive,

functional; goals arise out offunctional; goals arise out of

necessity, realitynecessity, reality

Personal, active, goals arisePersonal, active, goals arise

from desire, imaginationfrom desire, imagination

Conceptions ofConceptions ofworkwork

Combines people, ideas,Combines people, ideas,

things; seeks moderate riskthings; seeks moderate risk

Looks for fresh approachesLooks for fresh approaches

to old problems; seeks highto old problems; seeks high

riskrisk

RelationshipsRelationships

with otherswith others

Prefers to work with others;Prefers to work with others;

avoids close relationships andavoids close relationships and

conflictsconflicts

Comfortable in solitaryComfortable in solitary

work; encourages closework; encourages close

relationships, not averse torelationships, not averse toconflictconflict

Sense of selfSense of self Accepts life as it is;Accepts life as it is;unquestioningunquestioning

Questions life; struggles forQuestions life; struggles for

sense of ordersense of order


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Leadership Managerial RolesLeadership Managerial Roles

InterpersonalInterpersonal

RolesRoles

InformationalInformational

RolesRoles

DecisionalDecisional

RolesRoles

FigureheadFigurehead MonitorMonitor EntrepreneurEntrepreneur

LeaderLeader DisseminatorDisseminator DisturbanceDisturbance

handlerhandler

LiaisonLiaison SpokeSpoke--personperson Resource allocatorResource allocator

NegotiatorNegotiator


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CONCEPT OF LEADERSHIP

Managers are people who do things right, while leaders are peoplewho do the right thing.

'Leadership is all about courage to dream big.

Leadership is a complex process by which a person influences othersto accomplish a mission, task, or objective and directs the organization

in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent

Leadership makes people want to achieve high goals and objectives,

while, on the other hand, bosses tell people to accomplish a task or

objective.

Leadership can be used for good or ill

Leadership skills can be perverted to pursue bad ends


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CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP

Co-existence with follower ship

Responsibility

Understanding nature

Precedence

Situation


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CoCo--existence with follower ship :existence with follower ship :

a leader cannot exist without followersa leader cannot exist without followers

existing.existing.A leader exercises authority over theA leader exercises authority over the

group, and it should be willingly acceptedgroup, and it should be willingly acceptedby his followers.by his followers.

Leadership is not conferred or ordered butLeadership is not conferred or ordered butis one to be earnedis one to be earned


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Responsibility:Responsibility:

a leader is expected to assume fulla leader is expected to assume fullresponsibility in all situations.responsibility in all situations.

he must steer the group clear of allhe must steer the group clear of alldifficulties.difficulties.

he has to assume responsibility for allhe has to assume responsibility for all

actions of the group.actions of the group.


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Understanding nature:Understanding nature:

important characteristic feature of leadership isimportant characteristic feature of leadership isits nature to understand the feelings andits nature to understand the feelings and

problems of the group as a whole as well as theproblems of the group as a whole as well as theindividuals.individuals.

guide a leader is looked upon as a friend and aguide a leader is looked upon as a friend and aphilosopher.philosopher.

a leader should strive to satisfy the personal anda leader should strive to satisfy the personal andsocial needs of his followers, which is very muchsocial needs of his followers, which is very muchexpected by themexpected by them


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Precedence:Precedence:

Since the leader influences the behaviorSince the leader influences the behavior

and the activities of the followers heand the activities of the followers heshould be endowed with the technicalshould be endowed with the technicalcompetence and personality traits.competence and personality traits.

He should also be well aware of his ownHe should also be well aware of his ownpreferences and limitations to impresspreferences and limitations to impressupon his followersupon his followers


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Situation:Situation:

Leadership patterns changes according toLeadership patterns changes according to

the type of group and the situation inthe type of group and the situation inwhich the group is operating.which the group is operating.

A leader should know on the role to beA leader should know on the role to beadopted on different situationsadopted on different situations


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IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP

1. Initiates action

2. Motivation

3. Providing guidance

4.Creating confidence

5. Building morale

6. Builds work environment

7.Co-ordination


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Initiates action

Leader communicates the policies andplans to the subordinates from where thework actually starts.


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Motivation

A leader motivates the employees witheconomic and non- economic rewardsand thereby gets the work from thesubordinates.


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Providing guidance

A leader guides by instructing the subordinates

the way they have to perform their workeffectively and efficiently.


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Creating confidence

Confidence is an important factor which can be

achieved through expressing the work efforts tothe subordinates, explaining them clearly theirrole and giving them guidelines to achieve thegoals effectively.

It is also important to hear the employees withregards to their complaints and problems.


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Building morale

A leader can be a morale booster by achieving

full co-operation so that they perform with bestof their abilities as they work to achieve goals.


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Builds work environment

Management is getting things done frompeople. An efficient work environmenthelps in sound and stable growth.Heshould listen to his subordinates problemsand solve them.

He should treat employees onhumanitarian terms.


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Co-ordination

Co-ordination can be achieved through reconciling

personal interests with organizational goals. Thissynchronization can be achieved through properand effective co-ordination which should beprimary motive of a leader.


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IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP IN

AN ORGANISATION

Leadership and human behavior

Leadership and Communication

Leadership and motivation


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Leadership and human behavior

Human nature is the comman qualities of all

people have similar needs .

A leader must understand these needs becausethey are powerful motivators.


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Leadership and Communication

Communication is very important

because a leader coach, coordinate,counsel, evaluate, and supervisethrough this process.


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Leadership and motivation

A person's motivation is a combination of desire and

energy directed at achieving a goal.


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Autocratic:Autocratic: An autocratic leader is one whoAn autocratic leader is one whocommands and expects compliance. He is dogmatic andcommands and expects compliance. He is dogmatic andpositive and leads by his ability to withhold or givepositive and leads by his ability to withhold or give

rewards and punishments.rewards and punishments.

Participative orParticipative or supportive:supportive:TheThe participative orparticipative orsupportive leadershipsupportive leadership behaviourbehaviour is based on theis based on theassumption that people essentially want to participate,assumption that people essentially want to participate,

want to accomplish and will work well if generalwant to accomplish and will work well if generalsupervision is employed and where they are allowed tosupervision is employed and where they are allowed touse their own initiative and support is given whileuse their own initiative and support is given whileaccomplishing their task.accomplishing their task.

Instrumental or instrumentalInstrumental or instrumentalsupportive:supportive:InstrumentalInstrumental behaviourbehaviour of leadershipof leadershipemphasizes the leaders role as a manager in the rationalemphasizes the leaders role as a manager in the rationalaspects of management namely planning, organizing,aspects of management namely planning, organizing,controlling etc.controlling etc.


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Transactional LeadersTransactional Leaders

Clarify the role and task requirementsClarify the role and task requirements

of subordinatesof subordinates Initiate structureInitiate structure

Provide appropriate rewardsProvide appropriate rewards

Display consideration for subordinatesDisplay consideration for subordinates

Meet the social needs of subordinatesMeet the social needs of subordinates


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Charismatic LeadersCharismatic Leaders

The ability to inspireThe ability to inspire

Motivate people to do more than theyMotivate people to do more than they

would normally dowould normally do Tend to be less predictable thanTend to be less predictable than

transactional leaderstransactional leaders

Create an atmosphere of changeCreate an atmosphere of change MayMay be obsessed by visionary ideasbe obsessed by visionary ideas


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Transformational LeaderTransformational Leader

Similar to charismatic leadersSimilar to charismatic leaders Distinguished by their special ability to bringDistinguished by their special ability to bring

about innovation and change byabout innovation and change by

Recognizing followers needs and concernsRecognizing followers needs and concerns

Helping them look at old problems in newHelping them look at old problems in newwaysways

Encouraging them to question the status quoEncouraging them to question the status quo


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TEAM LEADER:TEAM LEADER:

Leadership is increasingly taking place within aLeadership is increasingly taking place within ateam context. The role of team leader isteam context. The role of team leader is

different from the traditional leadership role. Thedifferent from the traditional leadership role. Thechallenge for most managers is learning how tochallenge for most managers is learning how tobecome an effective team leader. There are fourbecome an effective team leader. There are fourbasic team leadership roles: team leaders arebasic team leadership roles: team leaders are

liaisons with external constituencies,liaisons with external constituencies,troubleshooters, conflict managers and coachestroubleshooters, conflict managers and coaches


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LEADERSHIP STYLES

Leadership styles refer to a leaders

behaviour.

It is the result of the philosophy,

personality and experience of the leader.


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Kurt Lewin's Leadership styles

Autocratic

Democratic

Laissez Faire

Functional

Institutional

Paternalistic


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Autocratic Leader:Autocratic Leader:

An Autocratic leader will not entertain anyAn Autocratic leader will not entertain anysuggestions or initiative fromsuggestions or initiative fromsubordinates. Under this type ofsubordinates. Under this type ofleadership, one person decides for theleadership, one person decides for thewhole group. An autocratic leader doeswhole group. An autocratic leader doesnot trust anybody.not trust anybody.


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MeritsMerits::

It helps to make quick decisionsIt helps to make quick decisions

I

nefficient and insincere workers can easily beI

nefficient and insincere workers can easily beidentifiedidentified

DemeritsDemerits

It kills initiatives for work and results inIt kills initiatives for work and results in

frustration among workers.frustration among workers. It often gives scope for conflicts between theIt often gives scope for conflicts between the

leader and his followersleader and his followers


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Participative or Democratic Leader:Participative or Democratic Leader:

A democratic leader can win the cooperation of hisA democratic leader can win the cooperation of hisgroup and can motivate them effectively andgroup and can motivate them effectively andpositively.positively.

MeritsMerits

The decision finally made is mutually accepted.The decision finally made is mutually accepted. It improves the job attitudes of the subIt improves the job attitudes of the sub--ordinateordinate

staff.staff.

DemeritsDemerits

this leadership is suitable only if the subordinatesthis leadership is suitable only if the subordinatesare all capable of making worthwhile suggestions.are all capable of making worthwhile suggestions.

It may, sometimes be very difficult to evolve aIt may, sometimes be very difficult to evolve asolution that is acceptable to everyone.solution that is acceptable to everyone.


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Laissez Faire or Free Rein Leader:Laissez Faire or Free Rein Leader:

A free rein leader will leave the group entirely toA free rein leader will leave the group entirely toitself such as a leader allows maximum freedom toitself such as a leader allows maximum freedom tosubordinates.subordinates.

MeritsMerits

1. The superior subordinate relationship is found to1. The superior subordinate relationship is found tobe very good.be very good.

Highly efficient subordinates, can make use of theHighly efficient subordinates, can make use of thefreedom given to them to excel.freedom given to them to excel.

DemeritsDemerits Control may become difficult As the leader does notControl may become difficult As the leader does not

involve himself at all in the activities.involve himself at all in the activities.

The subordinates are deprived of the expert adviceThe subordinates are deprived of the expert advice

and moral support of their leader.and moral support of their leader.


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Functional Leader:Functional Leader: A functional leader is one who is an expert in aA functional leader is one who is an expert in a

particular field of activity. Such a leader alwaysparticular field of activity. Such a leader alwaysthinks of the task he has undertaken and spendsthinks of the task he has undertaken and spendsmost of his time finding out ways and means ofmost of his time finding out ways and means of

doing it better.doing it better.

MeritsMerits

The very presence of an expert is beneficial to theThe very presence of an expert is beneficial to the

followers and the organisation.followers and the organisation. the subordinates can certainly enrich their jobthe subordinates can certainly enrich their job

knowledge and skill.knowledge and skill.


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Institutional Leader:Institutional Leader:

An institutional leader is one who has becomeAn institutional leader is one who has becomea leader by virtue of his official position in thea leader by virtue of his official position in theorganisational hierarchy. An institutional leaderorganisational hierarchy. An institutional leadermay not be an expert in his field of activity.may not be an expert in his field of activity.

MeritsMerits

He has official authority to act.He has official authority to act.

He may initiate action against a subordinateHe may initiate action against a subordinatewho is shirking duties.who is shirking duties.


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DemeritsDemerits

He will not be in a position to offer properHe will not be in a position to offer properguidance to his followers because he may notguidance to his followers because he may notbe an expert in his field of activity.be an expert in his field of activity.

Although the leader has the official right toAlthough the leader has the official right to

demand performance from his followers, hedemand performance from his followers, hemay not have the moral rightmay not have the moral right


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Paternalistic Leader:Paternalistic Leader: A paternalistic leader takes care of hisA paternalistic leader takes care of his

followers in the way the head of the familyfollowers in the way the head of the familytakes care of the family memberstakes care of the family members

MeritsMerits

He assumes a paternal role to protect his subHe assumes a paternal role to protect his sub--ordinates.ordinates.

He is always ready to provide the necessaryHe is always ready to provide the necessary

physical amenities to the subphysical amenities to the sub--ordinatesordinatesDemeritsDemerits

He is not in a position to offer intellectualHe is not in a position to offer intellectualhelp to his followers.help to his followers.


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DemeritsDemerits

The functional leader will not be able to goThe functional leader will not be able to godown to the level of an average worker anddown to the level of an average worker andoffer any help.offer any help.

Misunderstandings may also arise between theMisunderstandings may also arise between the

leader and his followers.leader and his followers.


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IMPORTANT KEYS FORIMPORTANT KEYS FORLEADERSHIPLEADERSHIP


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IMPORTANT KEYS FORIMPORTANT KEYS FORLEADERSHIPLEADERSHIP

Trust and confidence in top leadership isTrust and confidence in top leadership isthe single most reliable predictor ofthe single most reliable predictor of

employee satisfaction in an organization.employee satisfaction in an organization. Effective communication by leadership inEffective communication by leadership in

the critical areas is the key to winningthe critical areas is the key to winningorganizational trust and confidence:organizational trust and confidence:

Helping employees understand theHelping employees understand thecompany's overall business strategy.company's overall business strategy.


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Helping employees understand how theyHelping employees understand how theycontribute to achieving key businesscontribute to achieving key businessobjectives.objectives.

Sharing information with employees onSharing information with employees onboth how the company is doing and howboth how the company is doing and howan employee's own division is doingan employee's own division is doing

relative to strategic business objectives.relative to strategic business objectives.


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LEADERSHIP SECRETSLEADERSHIP SECRETS

1. DECISIVENESS IS KEY1. DECISIVENESS IS KEY((LALIT KHAITANLALIT KHAITAN, Chairman and Managing, Chairman and ManagingDirector, Radico khaitan)Director, Radico khaitan)

The most distinguished trait that defines aThe most distinguished trait that defines agood leader is the willingness to makegood leader is the willingness to makedecisions that are need of the hour nodecisions that are need of the hour nomatter how difficult they may be. And thematter how difficult they may be. And themost significant component of suchmost significant component of suchdecisiondecision--making is selfmaking is self--confidence.confidence.


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2.VISIONARY LEADERSHIP2.VISIONARY LEADERSHIP((B.MUTHURAMANB.MUTHURAMAN, Managing Director,, Managing Director,Tata steel)Tata steel)

The ability to create a shared vision amongThe ability to create a shared vision amongteam members is the primary trait of ateam members is the primary trait of atrue leader.true leader.


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3. RELATE AND RULE3. RELATE AND RULE((N.LAKSHMI NARAYANN.LAKSHMI NARAYAN, CEO AND, CEO ANDPresident, Cognizant TechnologyPresident, Cognizant TechnologySolutions)Solutions)

Good leadership is the ability to recognizeGood leadership is the ability to recognizeall the factors that would make the leaderall the factors that would make the leader

succeed in motivating the group.succeed in motivating the group.


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4. TAKE RESPONSIBILTY4. TAKE RESPONSIBILTY((R.V.SHASTRIR.V.SHASTRI, Chairman and Managing Director,, Chairman and Managing Director,Canara bank)Canara bank)

A leader is only as good as his team. LeadershipA leader is only as good as his team. Leadershipinvolves two steps: helping subordinates takeinvolves two steps: helping subordinates takeadvantage of their talents, and then fine tuningadvantage of their talents, and then fine tuningtheir performance. Good leaders always taketheir performance. Good leaders always take

responsibility for both the success and failure ofresponsibility for both the success and failure oftheir teamstheir teams

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Mms Sem -1 Leadership-ppt