Mitosis and Cell Replication

Human Chromosomes After Duplication

Human Chromosomes• Each pair contains the same genes (although there can be

slightly differences we’ll get into later).

• One comes from the Mother and one from the Father.

• Only one chromosome has a difference – the X/YChromosomes that determine the sex of the offspring.

XX = female and XY = male

Each chromosome has a different set of genes on it and some are much bigger than others.

• Notice that the Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome.

Mitosis and Cell Division

• Mitosis is the process by which chromosomes replicate and then separate to allow for cell division.

Importance of Cell Division

• Ability to grow new tissues or repair damage requires adding new cells.

Phases of Mitosis

Interphase

• Just chillin’

• 90% of a cell’s life is in interphase. It is just doing its normal functions.

• DNA Replication occurs during this time.

Prophase

• Chromosomes are beginning to become aligned

Prophase

Metaphase

• Chromosomes are lining up along the equator

Metaphase

Anaphase• The chromosomes begin

to be pulled apart

Anaphase

Telophase• Chromosomes are reorganized

in advance of cell division

Telophase

Cytokinesis

• The separation of the two cells after division

Cytokinesis here

Cells at various stages of replication

Process of Mitosis

Asexual Reproduction

• Some species can reproduce by cloning themselves using mitosis.

• Asexual reproduction occurs when one individual reproduces with offspring that contain identical DNA to its parent.

Forms of Asexual Reproduction

• Examples include;

• Binary Fission

• Budding

• Fragmentation

Budding

Binary FissionFragmentation

Some Examples of Asexual Reproduction