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MiscwaterSurface Water

Surface Water Watershed

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Topic 1 – 10 Points

QUESTION:Which of the following is NOT a result of excessive ground water withdrawal? • a. groundwater recharge • b. drying up of wetlands. • c. land subsidence. • d. saltwater intrusion. • e. falling water tables

ANSWER:

• (a. groundwater recharge)

Topic 1 – 20 Points

QUESTION:

Separates the saturated zone from the unsaturated zone ANSWER:

(water table)

Topic 1 – 30 Points

QUESTION:

In this layer, the pore spaces are partially filled with water and partially filled with airANSWER:

• (unsaturated zone)

Topic 1 – 40 Points

QUESTION:

The property of soil or fractured rock that allow water to move through the material

ANSWER:

• (permeability)

Topic 1 – 50 Points

QUESTION:

• Which of the following would be the most likely make up a confining layer in an aquifer

• A. sandstone• B. gravel• C. granite• D. topsoil

ANSWER:

• granite

Topic 2 – 10 Points

QUESTION:

• The amount of pore space in rock

ANSWER:

• Porosity

Topic 2 – 20 Points

QUESTION:

The lowering of the water table around a well

ANSWER:

• (cone of depression)

Topic 2 – 30 Points

QUESTION:

• What is the difference between the saturated and the unsaturated zones of ground water?

ANSWER:

• (In the saturated zone the pore space is completely filled with water. In the unsaturated zone , the pore space contains a combination of air and water)

Topic 2 – 40 PointsQUESTION:• Areas where groundwater reaches the

surface (lakes, streams, swamps, & springs) are called __________ areas, because the water is being released from the saturated zone.

ANSWER:

• Discharge Areas

Topic 2 – 50 Points

QUESTION:• Label A and B in the following diagram. Both

are types of aquifers.

ANSWER:A – Unconfined aquiferB – Confined aquifer

A

B

Topic 3 – 10 Points

QUESTION:•The total amount that the water level drops when a well is pumped is called the __________.

ANSWER:• drawdown

Topic 3 – 20 Points

QUESTION:How would an increase in storm runoff to rivers most likely affect groundwater?

A) reduce the amount of infiltration and groundwater recharge. B) increase the amount of infiltration and groundwater recharge. C) increase in the salinity of groundwater from road salt

ANSWER:A reducing the amount of infiltration and groundwater recharge.

Topic 3 – 30 Points

QUESTION:Which of the following is NOT true about groundwater flow:(A) Hydraulic gradient typically follows topography.(B) Gravity causes water to seep through surface soils.(C) Water moves faster in soils with high

porosity and low permeabilityANSWER:

• (Water moves faster in soils with high porosity and low permeability

Topic 3 – 40 Points

QUESTION:Which of the following would not contribute to a falling water table? A) excessive withdrawal of groundwater. B) increasing runoff. C) decreasing infiltration. D) drought conditions. E) increased rainfall

ANSWER:(E – increased rainfall)

Topic 3 – 50 Points

QUESTION:List 4 effects of over-pumping. POSSIBLE ESSAY)

ANSWER:(1) wells can "go dry."(2) land subsidence.(3) salt water intrusion(4) change in the groundwater flow direction (5) pumping may pull contaminants into the well

Topic 4 – 10 Points

QUESTION:

Which type of rock is most likely to be associated with subsidence and sinkholes

ANSWER:

(limestone)

Topic 4 – 20 Points

QUESTION:Explain how a complex mix of pollutants would behave in an aquifer if it is less dense than water.

ANSWER:• (The contaminants would float on top of the

water table and may form more than one plume depending on how each pollutant in the mix behaves in groundwater.

Topic 4 – 30 Points

QUESTION:

A geological formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield water to well

ANSWER:

Aquifer

Topic 4 – 40 Points

QUESTION:List 3 ways that groundwater may be treated if it is contaminated

ANSWER:1. Microorganisms may be added to breakdown the

waste or nutrients added to boost existing microorganisms in soil.2. Groundwater can be pumped to surface, treated

and discharged backed to aquifer 3. For light (volatile) contaminants, they may be

removed as a vapor. 4. Soil may be left to natural processes that may

breakdown or absorb pollutants over time

•

Topic 4 – 50 Points

QUESTION:

What is salt water intrusion and what cause it

ANSWER:Overpumping can cause saltwater to migrate inland and upward, resulting in saltwater contamination of the water supply.

Topic 5 – 10 Points

QUESTION:

• Springs that throw up jets of hot water and steam at regular intervals through a vent in the surface.

• ANSWERGeysers

Topic 5 – 20 Points

QUESTION:This occurs when rock dissolves forming spaces and caverns underground. If there is not enough support for the land above, then a sudden collapse of the land surface can occur.

ANSWER:

Sinkhole

Topic 5 – 30 Points

QUESTION:Which of the following statements about groundwater is true? A. The steeper the water-table slope, the slower the groundwater will flow. B. Groundwater moves from areas where the water table is low to areas where the water table is high. C. The higher the permeability of an aquifer, the slower the groundwater will flow. D. Gravity largely drives the flow of groundwater. ANSWER:(D Gravity largely drive the flow of groundwater

• (

Topic 5 – 40 Points

QUESTION:If the amount of discharge in an aquifer exceeds the amount of recharge, the groundwater table ______.

• A. will rise • B. will drop • C. will remain the same • D. may rise or drop depending on the porosity

ANSWER:• Will drop

Topic 5 – 50 Points

QUESTION:What is the relationship between groundwater and surface water. ESSAYANSWER: If groundwater levels are above water levels in adjacent streams, the groundwater will discharge water to the stream. When groundwater levels are lower, however, water will leave the stream to recharge the groundwater. When groundwater is near the surface it creates wetlands and other similar habitat.Many rivers, lakes, and wetlands rely heavily on groundwater discharge as a source of water. During times of low precipitation, these bodies of water would not contain any water at all if it were not for groundwater discharge. Infiltration and percolation also connect surface water and groundwater

Topic 5 – 50 Points

QUESTION:What is a pollutant plume in an aquifera.) Contamination that travels from the pollutant source in the direction of flow.b) Contamination that travels through an aquifer at a higher speed than the water flows.c) Water that travels down the flow gradient

through a polluted region. d) None of the aboveANSWER:Contamination that moves from a source in direction of groundwater flow