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MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kaiser CEO mimoOn GmbH MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

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Page 1: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

MIMO-LTE A relevant Step

towards 4GProf. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kaiser

CEO

mimoOn GmbH

MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

Page 2: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

2 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

mimoOn is …

… a supplier of embedded communications software for the next generation of MIMO-based wireless communication standards.

Check www.mimoOn. deSept. 11-14, 2007:

• MIMO-Workshop• MIMO Seminar• LTE Seminar

Page 3: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

3 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

Edholm’s law of data rate:

What means “4G” ?

Magic Mobile Future Study: >2 GHz BW in 2020

OFDM will comeMIMO will come

Page 4: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

4 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

The Future of MIMO

High-speed mobile access requires “MIMO” …

201520102005200010 kb/s

100 kb/s

1 Mb/s

10 Mb/s

100 Mb/s

1000 Mb/s

GSM

GPRS

EDGE

UMTS

1xEV-DO

HSPA

MIMO-WiMAXMIMO-LTE

MIMO- .16m

MIMO-…

Page 5: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

5 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

The History of MIMO

1987 1st MIMO paper (Winters)

1991 1st MIMO patent (Paulraj) 1995 MIMO channel capacity (Telatar, Foschini, Gans)1996 1st MIMO testbed

1999 1st MIMO prototype chip2002 1st MIMO company2005 1st MIMO commerc. chip2006 MIMO breakthrough

Page 6: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

6 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

MIMO Principles

Array Gain: +3dB p.D. for SIMO, MISO (PCSI), MIMO (PCSI))Diversity Gain: +XdB for SIMO, MISO, MIMO (CSI helps)Interf. Cancell. Gain: Nulling for SIMO, MISO, MIMO (all PCSI)Multiplexing Gain: for MIMO (CSI helps)

… MISO

… MIMO

… SISO

Challenge: “Gain” Tradeoff’s under Hardware, Regulation, and Standardization Constraints

Page 7: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

7 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

Separate Frequency Flat Channels

Tx Rx

Page 8: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

8 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

Equivalent Parallel Channels

Equivalent channel

Page 9: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

9 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

Open Loop vs. Closed Loop

Tx Rx

Closed Loop: (Diversity order max. )

Challenge: Low rate feedback, high mobility

Page 10: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

10 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

MIMO-LTE Transmitter (DL)

# of modulated codewords per

subcarrier

Tx1

# of layers# of Tx

# of subcarriers

one resource block

LayerMapping

LayerMapping

LayerMapping

LayerMapping

common H1

Diversity

Precoder P1

cyclic delay

Precoder P1

cyclic delay

LayerMapping

LayerMapping

LayerMapping

LayerMapping

common HL

Precoder PL

cyclic delay

Precoder PL

cyclic delay

Tx1IFFTaddCP

Tx2IFFTaddCP

Tx3IFFTaddCP

Tx4IFFTaddCP

Tx2 Tx3 Tx4

Diversity

Diversity

Diversity

subcarrier 1

subcarrier K

subcarrier N

Page 11: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

11 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

MIMO-LTE Receiver (DL)

# of layers# of Rx# of code-words

(CW) per subcarrier

one resource block

common H1

B1

ReceiveBeamformer

B1

ReceiveBeamformer

Rx1FFTremCP

Rx2FFTremCP

Rx3FFTrem.CP

Rx4FFTrem.CP

(ST)-MIMO Detector

BL

ReceiveBeamformer

BL

ReceiveBeamformer

(ST)-MIMO Detector

common HL

(ST)-MIMO Detector

(ST)-MIMO Detector

(ST)-MIMO Detector

(ST)-MIMO Detector

(ST)-MIMO Detector

Rx1

Rx2

Rx3

Rx4

# of subcarrier

Detection: ~(#CW)2 x MR x

1200 MAC / (0.5ms/7) = (#CW)x

(#CW+MR)x16,8 MMACps

# of subcarrer

(#antennas) x 210 x 11 x 4/(0.5 / 7)ms =

(#antenna) x 630 MMACps

channel update: (once per RB) ~ 1200 / 12 /

0.5ms x MR x MT

2 MAC= 0.2 x MR

x MT2

MMACps

Page 12: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

12 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

MIMO-LTE Algorithms

Challenge: MIMO Detector

• No. of Antennas ?

• X-QAM ?

• Hard/Software ?

Page 13: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

13 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

MIMO-LTE Receive Chain Requirements

RF Freq Offs Correction

Cycl Prfx Remove FFT

Freq Offs Estimation

Synchroni-zation

De-mux

Chan Est MIMO Detector

30.72 MCSps(1.47 Gbps)

28.67 MCSps(1.38 Gbps)

16.8 MCSps(538 Mbps)

Rx1

Rx2

Data / Rxbps with Rx=2

50 Mbps(100 Mbps)

Data / Txbps with Tx=2

16.8 MSps(300 Mbps)

100 Msbps(600 Mbps)

100 Mbps

123 MMACps(246 MMACps)

Symbol Demapper

De-Inter-leaver

Channel DecoderM

UX

RF Freq Offs Correction

Cycl Prfx Remove FFT De-

mux

269 - 538 MMACps

Symbol Demapper

De-Inter-leaver

Channel Decoder

76.8 GACSps(153.6 GACSps)

2x12 2x10

9

3

CSps: Complex Sample per secondSbps: soft bits per second

#Rx = 2#Tx = 2

MAC: Multiply AccumulateACS: Add Compare Select

CSps: Complex Sample per secondsbps: soft bits per second MAC: Multiply AccumulateACS: Add Compare Select

631 MMACps(1262 MMACps)

No ML algorithmfor 64QAM

Configuration: 2 Rx, 2 Tx, 64QAM, 100 Mbps data rate, Turbo Coding 1/3,

Page 14: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

14 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

Some Results: MIMO-OFDMA

1134

0.20Ratio of Users among CoveredUsers 0.15

0.10

0

4536 9072 13608

Net data rate in kb/s

2x3 MIMO-OFDMAReuse=1, TX=10W, Isolated Cell2MHz BandwidthSpatial Mux with 64 QAM (equiv. 4096 SISO-QAM)12dB better link budget than for SISOIospan Wireless, San Jose Testbed, 2001Thanks to Prof. A. Paulraj (Stanford Univ.)

Page 15: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

15 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

Some Results: Cellular MIMO

Challenge: MIMO-Algorithm Design

2

bit

/s/

Hz

0

Peak rate

Mean rate

Cell edge rate

1

SISO 2x2 MIMO

Isolated CellSISO 2x2 MIMO

Interf. Lim. Cell

Sourc

e: 3

G a

mer

icas,

„M

obile

Bro

adban

d:

The

Glo

bal

Evo

lution o

f U

MTS/H

SPA

“, D

ec 1

4,

2006

Page 16: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

16 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

MIMO-Femtocell-Scenario

MIMO is well-suited for “contained” environments100 Mbit/s feasible with femtocellsMIMO-Femtocells similar to MIMO-WLAN

Page 17: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

17 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

MIMO 2x2 SISO

Source: „Throughput of a MIMO OFDM based WLAN system“, T. Schenk et. al., IEEE SCVT2004, Gent, Belgium, Nov. 2004

MIMO-LTE vs MIMO-WLAN

30 m ~ 100 m2.8 km ~ 7.4 km Coverage

< 5 ms10 msLatency (round trip)

> 200 Mbps100 (DL) / 50 (UL) Mbps

Theoretical peak bit rate in ideal case

Weak supportGood supportQoS

CSMA/CAOFDMAAccess technology

64 /312.5 kHz

128 ~ 2048 /15 kHz

FFT and Subcarrier Spacing

Packet data

Fixed20 MHz

SFBC, SM, Beamforming

OFDM

pre802.11n

Packet data, VoIPServices

Scalable1.25 ~ 20 MHz

System Bandwidth

SFBC, SM, BeamformingMIMO mode

OFDMModulation technique

MIMO preLTE

Page 18: MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G - 3G, 4G · • MIMO-Workshop • MIMO Seminar • LTE Seminar ... MIMO-WiMAX MIMO-LTE MIMO-.16m MIMO-… “MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards

18 / 18“MIMO-LTE – A relevant step towards 4G”, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

Conclusion

… to increase user capacity… to increase coverage… to increase cell throughput

MIMO represents an economical way to

“… the potential of using the spatial domain is large and the development of new and even more efficient multi-antenna algorithms is expected to continue in the future.”

Source: 3G americas, „Mobile Broadband: The Global Evolution of UMTS/HSPA“, Dec 14, 2006