The 13th International Milk Genomics

Consortium Conference

History

How did we start?Why?

History

THE CHALLENGES

After 100 years of spectacular Success

Human Health was DeterioratingNon-Communicable

Diseases were the new global epidemic

Agriculture’s Value is Deteriorating

Unsustainable in Energy, Carbon, Water, Nitrogen, Land

Water $2.49 Milk $2.25

Agriculture was Blamed for Health

Food was considered the cause of disease

Life Sciences were Stuck in an old model

Reductionist, Pharmacologic, Disease-centric

The Embarrassment of Science70 years of funding to cure the

diseases of middle aged

rich men

Interventions

But – Attempts to change diets did not affect

outcome!

Science as a TEAM!

The Emergence of Biology as Defining Science

Biology - EvolutionIntegrativeIndustrialization of Organisms

and Systems for Individuals

21st Century Chemistry• Comprehensive

– Entire classes of molecules• Sensitive

– Parts per trillion • Accurate

– Detailed complex structures

Courtesy Matthias Friedrich

21st Century Mathematics Computational methods Massive Databases

• Annotating Genomes to Neighborhood Maps

Global networks• Economies to Ecosystems

Industrialization of Research

• Egalitarianism of Knowledge

• Humans: • Plants:• Animals• Microorganisms:

What can they tell us about Diet and

Health?

Genomics: the Footsteps of Evolution

What evolved under the Darwinian Pressure to be Nourishing?

Lactation

Time

Infant Optima

B<CBenefits Costs

B<(r)C

Maternal Optima

Katie Hinde UCLA

The Darwinian Engine of Nutrition

Evolving a cost – benefit solution for Health

Milk Genomics ConsortiumCoordinating world wide resources to assemble, annotate

and validate the subset of mammalian genomes responsible for milk: The Milk Genome

Expression analysis

Proteomics

Glycomics

Lipidomics

Health

What have we done?

Enabling TechnologiesAnnotated GenomesAcross-Disciplinary Discoveries

Bovine Sequencing Project: Milk

Peggy Neville

Ross Tellam

Theresa Casey

Wes Barris

David Lynn

Juan Medrano

Bruce German

Bill Martin

Danielle Lemay

Angie Hinrichs

Adrian Molenaar

Nauman Maqbool

Katie Pollard

Gonzalo Rincon

Evgenia Kriventseva

Evgeny Zdobnov

Monique Rijnkels

Infant as a TargetPrevention as the Goal

Changed the Customers

215-226(B-Casein)

493-526(Butyrophilin)

216-226(B-Casein)

214-226(B-Casein)

215-226(B-Casein)

16-33 P1(B-Casein)

218-226(B-Casein) 17-33 P1(B-Casein)

16-38 P1(B-Casein)

208-226(B-Casein)611-639(Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor)

213-226(B-Casein)

112-119(B-Casein)

203-226(B-casein)

23-33 P1(B-Casein)

205-226(B-Casein)

616-648(PIGR)

(Dallas et al., 2013. J. Proteome Research)

Decoding Milk Digestion – in babies

What have we learned:

We’re not alone!

Bifidobacterium Infantis1

0.5 Mb

1.0 Mb

2.5 Mb

B. infantis2,832,748 Mb

?-ESB ?-

Sialidase

Glc

Gal

GlcNAc

Neu5Ac

Fucgalactosidase

Fucosidase Hexosaminidase

Fecal HMO Profile

Fecal Bacterial Profile

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0 1 2 12

% B

acte

ria

Age of Infant, in Weeks

Other

Staphylococcaceae

Enterobacteriaceae

Coriobacteriaceae

Streptococcaceae

Bifidobacteriaceae

Bacteroidaceae

Bacteria

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

%Ch

ange

in H

/D R

atio

s

709 8551001 10741148 12211367 14401513 15861732 18051878 19512097

Week 1 Week 2 Week 4 Week 12

Feces Oligosaccharides of Term Infant Vary With Bacterial Population

HMO neutral massFULL TERM INFANT Lorna de Leoz

B. longum/infantis

Value

The Barriers

The Global Brand Model CANNOT Innovate

And they’ve stopped trying

The Human Premature Infant Microbiome and a Changing Paradigm in Infant Nutrition

David J. KyleCEO

Evolve Biosystems IncDavis, CA, USA

Our Future:Science is a multi-

disciplinary challengeSuccess comes from

the tension of Diversity