Middle East Asia Europe Africa Oceania Anglo- … · Andean (Guibovich Perez/Garcia Cabrera/Saito/Mills) Mysticism My Jewish (Laenen/Newton) Java (Woodward) Indonesia (Steenbrink)

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Middle East Asia Europe Africa Oceania Anglo-America

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CULTURAL PROPERTIES

Linguistic properties

Monolingualism Mo

Multilingualism Mu

Russia (Sarhimaa) Can (Aunger) New Mexico (Welsh) Mixteca (Arana de Swadesh) Oaxaca (Paulin de Siade) Michoacan (Ros Romero) Mexico (Albores/Hasler) Haiti (Ascensio) P.Rico (Lopez Laguerre/Viera) Paraguay (Bareiro Saguier/Pla/Mejia Ruiz/Corvalan) Peru (Jimenez Borja/Escobar/Godenzzi)

Phonetism Ph Ecuador (Arguello) Lexicalism Le Urban dialects Mexico (Guerrero de la

Rosa/Boggs) Honduras (Alvarado) Trinidad (Richards/Thompson/Solomon) Surinam (Huttar) Colomb (Wagner) Peru (Bendezu Neyra/Pino)

Rural dialects Scandinav (Nielsen/Sawyer) Estonia (Lehiste) Teutonic (Dickins) Norway (Kerswill/Woods) Finland (Ivars) Naples (Naddeo)

Sudan (Miller) Haiti (Bebel-Gisler & Hurbon) Brazil (Bortoni-Ricardo)

Sacred languages Europe (Jasper) Gaul (Woolf)

Table I World Properties

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National languages Persia (Khanlari-Parviz) Kurdistan (Hassanpour) Hebrew (Saenz-Badillos) Afghanistan (Miran)

China (Sun/Lackner) Germany (Waterman/ Chambers) Russia (Isaev) Lithuania (Spires) Italy (Maiden/ Panozzo) France (Holmes/ Rickard) Spain (Penny/Obediente Sosa)

Ethiopia (Ayele Bekerie) Swahili (Nurse) Setswana (Janson)

N Guinea (Cass) Mazatec (Gudschinsky)

Communication properties

Ideographism Ide Cuneiformism Cu Mesopotamia

(Wasilewska) Hitittes (Delaporte)

Syllabism Syl Alphabetism Al Magic Properties Animism Anim Burma (Spear)

Philipp (Henry) Indon (Hout/Aragon) Taiwan (Gates)

Afric (Rooney/Hardy)

N. Zeal (Best) Alaska (Chapman) Guiana (Roth) Surinam (De Waal) Venez (Delgado R.)

Cannibalism Can Ivory Coast (Jones) W. Afr. (Perrigault)

Melanesia (De Gusta)

USA (McDowell) Carib (Helminen) Aztec (Ortiz de Montellano/ Harner-Harris) Colomb (Jaramillo E.)

Totemism Tot Spain (Casas) W. Afr. (Werbner) USA (Gunn) Mex (Peñaherrera Mateus) Brzil (Aguiar/Gusinde)

Fetichism Fet Pakistan (Lindholm) Greece (Faraone/Kenna) Russia (McGhee)

W.Afr. (Perrigault) Togo (Garnier)

Uperu (Haley & Grollig)

Shamanism Sham Mongol (Amitai) Siberia (Basilov) Japan (Blacker/ Drake)

Celts (Jones) Otomi (Dow) Aymara (Bastien) Amazon (Carneiro/Hill/Plotkin) Brzil (Boyer) Arg (Braunstein/Loewen/Miller)

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Laos (Gunn) Korea (Kim) Manchuria (Liu)

Peru (Joralemon) Colomb (Reichel-Dolmatoff)

Ritual Properties

Artistic Rituals Sculptural rites Mexico (Sarro/Carreño)

Maya (Smith) Venezuela (Lecuna)

Dance rites Middle-East (Locke)

Indonesia (Hughes-Freeland)

Greece (Cowan) Andes (Poole) Bolivia (Bauman) Mexico (Gutierrez & Tonatiuh/ Montell/Spicer/Coester) Cuba (Jara Gamez) Venez (Palacios) Peru (Zapata Agurto) Brazil (Sandroni) Argentina (Rodriguez Molas/Cragnolini/Mafud/Matamoro/Azzi/Lamas & Binda)

Music rites Indonesia (Rasmussen) Java (Wong & Lysloff) China (Tsao & Shi) Mongolia (Pegg) Japan (Hill) Korea (Sakurai)

Lithuania (Vaitkunskiene) Crete (Magrini) Romania (Sulioeanu)

Jamaica (Roberts & Miller) Bolivia (Bigenho) Peru (Larco) Colombia (Losonczy) Brazil (Oliveira Pinto)

Religious Rituals Prayer rites Palestine

(Charlesworth) Egypt (Sherif)

India (Myers) Iran (Laursen)

USA (Kligman) Colombia (Chavez Mendoza Peru (Szeminski)

Mass rites Mexico (Franco Carrasco) Puerto Rico (Diaz-Stevens) Upper Peru (Platt) Colombia (Friedemann)

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Procession rites Mourning rites Korea (Jeon)

China (Loher) Pakistan (Hegland)

Ghana (Aborampah)

Funerary rites France (Giesey) Sto. Domingo (Morban Laucer) Aztec (Graulich)

Sacrament rites Conversion rites France (Luria) Physical Rituals Space domestication

Time domestication

China (Steele) Burma (Chatterjee)

Rome (Lamont) Maya (Bolles) Mexico (Batalla Rosado/ Sejourne/Ecker/Caso) Peru (Zuidema)

Energy domestication

Yemen (Ward) Assyria (Jacobsen) Babilonia (Walters) Egypt (Thompson)

India (Sidky) Niger (Buerkert-Allison-von Oppen) Sudan (Collins)

Brazil (Araujo/Debernardi) Argentina (Gernaert-Willmar-Jorigne/Ribeiro) Haiti (Murray) Ecuador (Mougeot)

Metal domestication

Anatolia (Yener)

Flora domestication

Fertile Crescent (Damania)

SW Asia (Garrard) China (Hu)

W.Africa (Dumont-Vernier) Tanzxania (Dery)

Quito (Moya Torres) Ecuador (Petitjean & Saint-Geours) Brazil (Xavier) Peru (Zimmerer/Brush-Carney-Huaman) Bolivia (La Barre) Mexico (Ugent) Puerto Rico (Gonazalez-Rios)

Fauna domestication

Iran (Hesse) China (Cooke) Namibia (Crandall) S. Africa (Jacobs)

Andes (Wing) Chile (Pollard & Drew) Peru (Shimada) Argentina (Sesto/Winsberg)

Ecological Rituals Sowing rites Peru (Mayrock/Taipe Campos))

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Crop rites Farming rites India (Kanitkar)

Sri Lanka (Rajesh) Thailand (Schmidt-Vogt) Philippines (Lopez-Gonzaga) Indonesia (Dove) Vietnam (Rambo & Cuc)

Kenya (Inoue) Zaire (Sato/Takeda) Zambia (Kakeya & Sugiyama)

Australia (Hunter) Canada (Bracken) USA (Hargreaves)

Peru-Amazon (Denevan & Padoch)

Fertility rites Java (Wolbers) Mexico (Chemin/Macazaga Ordoño) Peru (Salcedo Acuña) Chile (Faron)

Slaughter rites Islam (Bankheira/Bonte)

Spain (Muñiz & Muñiz) Britain (Klug)

Ethiopia (Miyawaki)

Political Rituals Domination rites Subordination rites England (Olejniczak) Promotion rites France

(Jackson/Apostolides) England (Bisset)

N Zealand (Mc Donald)

Degradation rites Athens (Green) Malawi (Kees) USA (Jillson) Venezuela (Gonzalez Fabre) Bolivia (Encinas & Torrico) Argentina (Serrafero/Drago/Nino) Brazil (Monclaire) N Spain (Santillan Ortiz) Puerto Rico (Caro Costas)

Rebellion rites Russia (Trice) Ghana (Drucker-Brown)

Chile (Power)

Complot rites Morocco (Dahan) Rome (Messina) Germany (Kane/McDonough/ Galante)

Chile (Edwards Vives) Brazil (Ennes) Mexico (Meza Gonzalez)

War rites Rome (Santosuosso) Ireland (Santino) France (Offenstadt)

N Zealand (Best) USA (Alford)

Succession rites Irak (Elliot) China (Szonyi) Sicily (Drell) Russia (Troubetzkoy/Moran)

USA (Parenti/Ferrell) Mexico (Osorio/Perez-Ayala) Brazil (Labaki/Figueiredo-Cheibub-Limongi)

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Social Rituals Demographic rites Migration rites Gender rites Domestic Rituals Sport rites Yemen (Stevenson

& Alauag) Iran (Chehabi) Greece (Vince)

Rome (Crowther) Denmark (Bonde) Poland (Gechtman) Scandinav (Lindroth) Germany (Gehrmann)

S Africa (Booth) Australia (Hutchins & Phillips)

USA (Spiegel & Spiegel)

Colombia (Iriarte) Chile (Pereira Salas) Mexico (Jimenez Farias/Piña Chan/Pennington/Hernandez Franyuti) Argentina (Archetti/Garcia del Soto/Spinetto/Duke & Crolley) Peru (Rivera) Cuba (Alfonso/Aleman Pombrol)

Kinship rites Housing rites Algeria (Hadjri) Malaysia (Tjoa-

Bonatz) Ulster (Robinson) Croatia (Muraj/Puntarovic)

Barbados (Ishikawa) Lima (Aguila/Parker) Colombia (Gauhan)

Furniture styles Assyria (Oates) China (Cheah/Zengbi) Japan (Heineken) Korea (Lankov)

Lithuania (Daniliauskas) Finland (Mantyla) Slovakia (Mintalova) Scandinav (Ounapuu) Hungary (Safrany) Czechoslovakia (Valentova/Vareka-Petranova) Ukrainia (Vilshanska)

Brazil (Lessa/Veiga/Knoff/Sousa-Leao) Argentina (Carreño/Torre Revello) Venez (Duarte) N Spain (Gomez de Orozco/Lopez Cervantes) Mexico (Rangel) Peru (Sabogal/Duarte) Chile (Nuñez Atencio/Westfall) Cuba (Otero de Armas)

Hygiene rites China (Jinsheng) Brazil (Ribeiro) Mexico (Kellog)

Cosmetic rites Panama (Perez Kantule) Clothing rites Turkey (Barista) Philippines (Castro

Seoane) Bulgaria (Nikolova) Slovakia (Hloskova) Sardinia (Carosso) Yugoslavia (Prosic)

Peru (Pedersen/Mejia Xesspe) Chile (Cruz de Amenabar) Upper Peru (Paredes/Canavesi de Sahonero) Mexico (Castello Yturbide/Aguirre Beltran/Piho)

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Guatem (Castañeda M.) Argentina (Porro/Lehmann Niitsche) Brazil (Montello/Hunold Lara) Colomb (Montaña/Martinez Carreño/Noguera) Venez (Hernandez Armas/Veracoechea/Peñalver Gomez)

Food rites Iran (Djazayery-Siassi-Kholdi) Egypt (Saffirio)

Malaysia (Wilson) India (Freed & Freed/Behura/Singh) Japan (Nakatsuka) Java (Sekimoto) Sri Lanka (Wandel) China (Shui & Thompson)

Bulgaria (Bizeranova) Sardinia (Counihan) Iceland (Hastrup) Norwegia (Lyng) Finland (Prattala) Russia (Shakirova)

Ethiopia (Demissie-Muroki-Kogi Makau) Ghana (Dei) Sudan (Holter)

New Guinea (Whitehead) Tasmania (Parry)

USA (Mobley-Tanaka) Brazil (Begossi) Guatem (Krause) Peru (Ruiz Zevallos/Jimenez Borda/Rovira/Strassmann) Argentina (Remedi) Upper Peru (Rossells) Mexico (Lok/Torres Torres/Pilcher/Luna Zamora/Walton/Oseguera Parra/Beals & Hutcher/Cross) Belize (Jenkins) Dominican Rep (Murray) Ecuador (Guevara) Colomb (Montes Giraldo) Chile (Ibañez G.) N Spain (Corcuera de Mancera)

Dining rites Rome (Foss) Peru (Meseldzic de Pereyra) Mythic Properties

Artistic Myths Amazonia (Chaumeil) C America (Pailler) Argentina (Ainsa) Mexico (Esterrich & Santiago-Reyes)

Ethnic Myths SE Asia (Corlin) India (Bhatt)

Europe (Geary) Slovakia (Krekovicova)

Mexico (Gutierrez)

Political Myths Malaysia (Kua) Indonesia (Josselin de Jong)

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Heroic Myths Palestine (Yadin) Russia (Platt & Brandenberger)

Andes (Platt) Bolivia (Imaña Castro) Mexico (Garza Ruiz/O´Malley) Dominican Rep (Aquino Garcia) Argentina (Riz) Peru (Pike)

Supernatural Myths

Primordialism Egypt (Churchward) Israel (Garaudy/ Nordbruch)

India (Deliege/ Baartmans/Bhatt)

Ecuador (Haro Alvear) Mex (Leon-Portilla)

Cosmogonism Israel (Bellamy) Armenia (Areshian)

India (Pandey) Hisp. Amer (Martinez Paredes) Venez (Antolinez)

Transmigrationism Egypt (Rosini) Mayas (Yershova) Redemptorism Russia (Platt-

Brandenberger) Lat. Am. (De Ipola/

H.Donghi/Lafaye) Regenerationism Destructivism Ethic Properties Ancient ethics Altruistic ethics Reciprocal ethics Andes (Alberti & Mayer)

Ecuador (Barlett) Rio de la Plata (Garavaglia) Argentine Chaco (Siffredi)

Pious ethics Iran (Bier) China (Nylan) Japan (Berthrong)

England (Schen/Morrison) Ulster (Borzyna)

N Zealand (Liu-Ng-Weatherall)

Feudal ethic Monastic ethic Glorious ethics Europe (Lida de

Makiel)

Knighthood honor England (Boulton) Bourgeois ethics Frugal ethics Responsible ethics

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Socialist ethic Solidarity ethics Civil disobedience China (Jiang) S Africa (Melber) Religious properties

Providentialism Pro

Idolatrism Ido Japan (Bodart-Bailey)

Yucatan (Caso Barrera) Oaxaca (Berlin-Neubart) Mesoamerica (Megged) Andean (Guibovich Perez/Garcia Cabrera/Saito/Mills)

Mysticism My Jewish (Laenen/Newton)

Java (Woodward) Indonesia (Steenbrink) China (Ching) India (Muthupackiam)

N. Europ (Davies) Spain (Haliczer)

Prophetism Pr Turkey (Tapper) Mesopotamia (Martti, Nissinen) Egypt (Goedicke/Baker) Israel (Zipperstein)

Russia (Frankel) Spain (Lannon)

Natal (Kitshoff) S. Africa (Walshe/Sundkler)

USA (Brooks) Inca (Ziolkowski/Lopez Baralt) Aztec (Carrasco/Colston) Maya (Makimson/Roys) Peru (Sarkisyanz)

Messianism Mes India (Fuchs) Europe (Houseley/Neufeld)

Congo (Andersson) Somalia (Reese) W.Africa (Kane) Nigeria (Umar)

Brazil (Chacon/Crocker)

Polytheism Pol Mexico (Carrasco) Ascetism As Egypt (Bolman)

Iran (Nigosian) Digambar (Carrithers) China (Paper) India (Miller/Hatley)

France (Ramsey) Netherlands (Gilly)

Denominationalism De

NG (Wakefield) Texas (White) Canada (Moir)

Synchretism Sy Brazil (Munanga) Fundamentalism M East India (Chakravarti) Germany (Weisbrod- Sudan (Hale) USA (Riesebrodt) Brazil (Brandalise/Gertz/Trindade)

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Fund (Bassani/Hajjar) Israel (Israeli) Iran (Riesebrodt)

Pakistan (Larson) Selwyn)

Reformism Iran (Bayat) E.Asia (Zeng) E. Europ (Kiraly) Russia (Michels) Engl (Lovegrove/ Duffy/Murphy/Sim/ Cowherd) Austria (Heinz) Ireland (Kilroy) Germany (Herzog)

USA (Roof & Landres)

Atheism Ath

Russia (Agadjanian/Husband/Levkievskaia) Germany (Henkys/Gould)

USA (Rowan)

IDEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Aristotelianism Averroism Hermetism Middle Ages (Frend)

Renaissance (Merkel/Debus/Yates)

Machiavellianism Mach

England (Pocock)

Cartesianism Car France (Jones/Schmaltz)

Rationalism Rat France (Barkas) Probabilism Prob Utilitarianism Ut England (Plamenatz) Liberalism Lib France

(Gordon/Boesche) England (Flores) Europe (Wheatcroft)

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Italy (Greenfield) Romanticism Rom Germany

(Fortsman/Birken)

Positivism Pos Germany (Noiriel) Evolutionism Evo Malthus (Young) Progressivism Prog Organicism Org Materialism Mat Existentialism Exis Systemism Sys Rome (Woolf) Structuralism Struc Functionalism Fun Behaviorism Beh Developmentalism Dev

Egypt-Turkey (Oncu)

Philippines (Stauffer) Japan (Gao)

Interactionism Int Anti-systemism Ant

Constructivism DISCIPLINARY PROPERTIES

Academicism Acad Tibet (Tulku) E. Europ (Peteri) USA (Bender/Kaiser) Geographicism Geo

Archaeologism Arc Philologism Phil Psychologism Psyc Anthropologism Anth

Ethnologism Eth Sociologism Soc Pedagogism Ped Economicism Econ Environmentalism Envir

Historicism His

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AESTHETIC PROPERTIES

Liturgy Lit Jewish (Kirzner)

Byzantium (Walter) Spain (Bosch)

Italy (Ploeg) England (Cincik)

Grotesque Grot Italy (Morel) Europ (Bajtin) Netherl (Peñalver Alhambra/Gaunt) Spain (Heuken)

Mexico (Rodriguez Prampolini)

Comical Com Symbolism Sym Jewish (Kanof) China (Groarke)

Korea (Kwon) Germany (Chevalley) England (Hall/Brooks) Ireland (Turpin)

Olmec (Taube)

Erotism Ero China (Mu) Nepal (Majupuria) India (Fouchet)

Europ (Carr) Peru (Larco Hoyle)

Legal Properties Transparent legality

Islam (Buang)

Judicial torture Blood-payments M East

(Hardy/Johansen)

Code-building Rome (Honore/ Volterra/ Avotins/Barnes)

Rationalist legality Contractual legality

Constitutional legality

Venez (Kornblith) Mexico (Torre Villar)

Conventional legality

England-France (Peraza Chapeaux)

Colomb (Lecuna/Uprimny) Uruguay (Pivel Devoto) Mexico (Benson/Fabela/Quirk/Ortiz Escamilla/Jimenez Codinach/Moseley)

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Human Rights

POLITICAL PROPERTIES

Authoritarian properties

Despotism Des Algeria (Ray-Foerstel)

China (Sullivan) France (Kaiser) Mali (Buju) S.Africa (Holbrook)

Argentina (Altamirano) Mexico (Olivera/Offner)

Mandarinism Mand

M East (Swartout) China (Chan/Marsh/Masi/ Pollak/Schwartz) Korea (Swartout)

Germany (Ringer/Kansteiner/ Phelan)

Brazil (Pang & Seckinger)

Aristocratism Aris China (Ebrey) Japan (Yukiko/Nishitani) Nepal (Jain)

Italy (Cardoza) England (Ellis)

Chile (Edwards Vives) Colombia (Whiteford) Paraguay (Flecha)

Oligarchism Oli Iran (Rahnema-Moghissi)

Indon (Robison-Rosser)

Spain (Costa/Peña/ Hernandez) Austria (Leitner) Prussia (Rosenberg) Russia (Zudin)

Ethiopia (Haile-Selassie)

Brzil (Bruno) Peru (Flores G./Matos M.) Mex (Najera C.)

Populism Pop Poland (Brock) Russia (Wortman) Greece (Mavrogordatos)

S.Africa (Maloka) USA (Ostler/Argersinger/ Swanstrom)

Argentina (Sigal/Plotkin/Beasley-Murray/Rein) Mexico (Medina/Sanderson) Peru (Guerrero/Martiniere) Brazil (Velloso/Carone/Piccolo/Paranhos/ Conniff)

Terrorism Ter Israel (Rokach) Japan (Silke/Miyaoka)

Russia (Davies) Ireland (Dillon) Finland (Arosalo) Russia (Naimark)

Argentina (Seoane/ Cheren/ O´Donnell/Schmitter/Whitehead/ Brachet-Marquez/Schiff) Guatemala (Levenson-Estrada) Chile (Hanson) Lat.Am (Lira & Castillo)

Absolutism Absol Middle East (Anderson)

Prussia (Melton) Europe

Sudan (Nyot Kok) Ethiopia (Tegenu)

USA (Stanbridge) Mexico (Boyer) Cuba (Kuethe & Inglis)

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(Anderson/Wilson) Ireland (Kearney) France (Parker/Palm/Mukerji/Miskimin/Greenberg/Collins) Germany (Vierhaus) Portugal (Ames) Italy (Symcox) Spain (Nader/Jago) Russia (Dukes) Croatia (Seton-Watson) Holland (Kossmann)

Chile (Bravo Lira)

Hegemonism Heg Sudan (O´Fahey) Korea (Robinson) Italy (Urbinati) S.Africa (Jarvie) Totalitarianism Tot Balkans (Orlow)

Bolivia (Salamanca Z)

Colonialism Col or Annexationism

Assyria (Larsen) Nigeria (Umar) Algeria (Prochaska) Sp. Morocco (Seona-Porte) Nagorno-Karabagh (Swietochowski)

Portugal (Sideri) Celtic (Hechter) Estonia (Mettam/Williams)

Namibia (Ustof/Smith) S.Africa (Bradford) W.Africa (Coquery-Vidrovitch)

USA (Richman/Haynes/Roeckell/Morrison/Sanchez Bermudez/Saiz Pastor/Gooch

Cuba (Casanova) Haiti (McClellan)

Imperialism Imp Palestine (Jaber) Assyria (Kearsley) India (Bryant)

Germ (Bassin/Smith) Rome (Schwartz) Spain (Kolata) Gr Br (Cain/Haggard, Schreiner, Plaatje/ Jones/Landes/Lynn/ Gallagher) France (Klein/Lee/ Dunn/Garrett) Holland (Gaastra) Denmark (Larson)

Maories (Gump) W.Africa (Lynn) Nigeria (Badru)

USA (Hutchison/ Lockey/Ruiz Jimenez)

Argentina (Hopkins/McLean)

Collaborationism Coll

Japan (Boyle) China (Carroll) India (Aounshuman)

Belgium (Conway) Ukraine (Himka)

Jamaica (Campbell)

Caesarism Caes Rome (Baehr) USA (Zentner)

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France (Thody) Interventionism Int India (Marwah) France (Goldwert/

McLeod/Osterdahl/ Utley) Gr. Br. (Nadaner/Lawrence) Russia (Valenta/ Grammatiko) Rome (Nash) France (Andrew) Euro (Cipolla/Crosby) Spain (Russell-Wood) Italy (Mallett)

USA (Calder/Gleijeses/ Lockmiller/Schoenhals)

Expansionism Exp Uruk (Algaze) Assyrian (Lyon) Akkad (Michalowski) Ottoman (Brummett) Iran (Hiebert) Zionism (Kishtainy) Egypt (Lawson) Turkey (Papadakis) Almoravid (Lange/Lilie)

India (Ahluwalia) China (Davis/Von Glahn)

Gr. Br. (Lawrence) USA (Merk/Mikhin/Grow/ Minger/Mrazek/ Musicant/Watson)

Peru (Altamirano E./Conrad) Brzil (Bandeira) Chile (Pons Muzzo) Aztec (Hassig) Inka (Murra)

GOVERNMENTAL PROPERTIES

AUTOCRATISM AUT

Turkey (Somel) China (Andrew/ Chen/ Fu/Gaohua) Pakistan (Anupama) India (Benichou)

Russia (Kagarlitsky/ Kivelson/Schapiro/ Schrader/Whittaker) Rome (Roller)

Chile (Carrasco)

Monarchism Monarc

Saudi Arabia (Kostiner) Hittite (Atkins) Iran (Amanat) Kush-Nubia (Radwan)

Malaysia (Metzger) Japan (Akita/Yoshihiro)

Germany (Kaufmann) Holland (Kossmann) Bavaria (Garnett) Russia (Perrie/McKean) Gr. Br. (James)

Ethiopia (Haile-Selassie)

USA (Dunbar)

Patriarchalism Algeria (Knauss) England Tanganyika USA (Gallay/Young)

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Patriar (Schochet/Okin/ McKeon) Germany (Schutz) France (Diefendorf)

(Rutgers) E.Africa (Meeker) Somalia (Dubravka)

Patrimonialism Patrim

China (Eisenberg) Spain (Hoffman/Sarfatti)

C.Africa (Venter) Congo (Willame) Subsahara (Medard) Mali (Bouju) Cameroon (Jurg)

Mexico (Rodriguez)

Prebendalism Preb China (Gardner) Nigeria (Lewis) Clientelism Clien Greece

(Mavrogordatos) Soviet Russia (Fairbanks)

Nigeria (Tibenderana)

Mexico (Poitras) Colombia (Junco Velosa) Bolivia (Heath) Brazil (Greenfield/Norris) Paraguay (Rehren)

Monasticism Monas

Syria (Escolan) Egypt (Krawiec)

Sri Lanka (Gunawardana/ Blackburn)

M-Ages (Lawrence) Spain (Taylor) Italy (Caby) W.Europe (Nyberg/Berman)

Electoralism Elec H. Kong (Li) Philipp (Carlos)

W. Eur (Carstairs) Russia (Marsh) Gr.Br. (Maisel)

USA (Kornbluh/Abrams)

Dom.Rep. (Espinal)

Republicanism Rep England (Barber) France (Whatmore)

Federalism Fed Aus (Walmsley) USA (Smith) Hierocratism Hiero Iran (Arjomand/

Fairbanks/ Kamrava/ Tajbakhsh/Cann-Danopoulos) Algeria (Ray) Turkey (Yuksel) Israel (Tamarin/Weiler)

Bhutan (Frey) India (Anandan)

Spain (Esdaile) Holland (Nobbs)

Senegambia (Clark) USA (Bigler/McHugh)

Parliamentarianism Parl

Nepal (Subedi) England (Ellis) Spain (Martin Rojo & Van Dijk)

Dynasticism Dyn Lycia (Keen) India (Sinha) France Ethiopia (Pankhurst) Maya (Houston)

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Jordan (Shryock) Korea (Seizelet) S.Asia (Lawrence) Japan (McMullen)

(Rowen/Bernstock/ Wolfe) Austria (Fichtner) Spain (Parry) England (Levine/Klein) Germany (McLean) Poland (Wolff)

Democratism Demo

Iran (Fairbanks) Philippines (Thompson/Daza) India (Omvedt)

Russia (Davisha & Parrott)

Nigeria (Ihonvbere) W.Africa (Crouzel) S.Africa (Wunsch)

Nepotism Nepo India (Vanhanen) Indonesia (Robertson-Snape) Singapore (Djamour)

Ancient Greece (Littman) Roman Church (Carocci/Teodori) Russia (Kollmann)

Rwanda (Maquet) Nigeria (Graf)

Panama (Agudo) Argentina (Saguier)

Socialism Socia India (Omvedt) Vietnam (Van Hy) China (Dorn)

England (Lindsay) Poland (Brock/Tittenbrun) France (Sowerwine/Grogan) Belgium (Strikwerda) Russia (Frankel)

S.Africa (Drew)

Fascism Fasci Austria (Pauley) Germany (Walker/Bracher/ Hancock/Childers) Bavaria (Holmes) Italy (Gregor/Adler/Mallett/Painter) France (Winock & Todd)

Ethiopia (Doumanis)

Integrative properties

Nationalism Natio Arab (Khoury) Transcaucasian

India (Masselos/Markovitz/

Yugoslavia (Rabrenovic)

Nigeria (Levin) S.Africa (Du Toit)

Tahiti (Saura) Solomon (Dureau)

Chile (Jocelyn-Holt) Argentina (Spektorowski/McGee)

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(Arslanian) Palestine (Litvak) Israel (Kapeliouk-Bowman) Egypt (Suleiman-Jankowski) Sudan (Sharkey) Irak (Eppel) Iran (Ram)

Sathananthan) China (Stafford/Pye/Wilbur/Zheng/Croizier) Philippines (Salman/Coates) Japan (Roberts) Russia (Rakovska-Harmston) Sri Lanka (Stokke)

Flemish (Strikwerda) Bulgaria (Todorova) Russia (Frankel) Lombardy (Greenfield) East Europe (Deak/Ramet) Macedonia (Kondis) Ireland (Garvin)

Eritrea (Iyob) Ghana (Allman) S.Africa (Crook & Manor)

P.Rico (Grosfoguel)

Centralism Centr Syria (Hopfinger) Soviet Russia (Tiersky/Best)

Bureaucratism Bur Egypt (Hunter) China (Davis) India (Braibant) Japan (Ooms)

Vatican (Johns) Finland (Konttinen) Spain (Sarfatti)

Africa (Mbaku) Ecuador (Phelan) Brazil (Uricoechea) Lat.Am. (Canak/O´Donnell)

Secularism Sec Mesopotamia (Harris) Turkey (Goele-Berkes) Morocco (Eickelman)

Prussia (Plum) Europe (Gorski) England (Sommerville/Brown)

Mali (Clark) Nigeria (Azorji)

Peru (Garcia Jordan) Uruguay (Caetano & Geymonat) Argentina (Campobassi/Cecarelli) Mexico (Gibaja/Friedlander) Brazil (Ianni)

Laicism Laic India (Dundas) Argentina (Tedesco) Uruguay (Monestier)

Communalism Com

India (Pandey/Das-Bandopadhyay/ Freitag)

Peru (Stavig) Mexico (Lindo Fuentes/Nuijten/Zendejas-Romero/Jones & Ward)

Partyism Par Maurit (Moore) China (Yu) India (Weiner)

England (Packer/ Rover)

Kenya (Grignon) Canad (Thorburn/Carty) P.Rico (Anderson) Mex (Klesner/Morris) Venez (Luque/Kantor) C. Rica (Barrantes) Colomb (Tirado M./Botero J./ Gilhodes/Hartlyn)

Neutralism Neu India (Bhattacharya/ Rubinoff) Japan (Stockwin)

Arg (Newton/Juarez)

Internationalism Intern

Japan (Schneider) Uganda (Mittelman)

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Disintegrative properties

Regionalism Regio Syria (Dam) Europe (Hettne) Austria (Tsukimura)

Great Lakes (Shaw) Botswana (Theobald & Williams)

Bolivia (Romero Pittari) Colombia (Palacios/Park) Mexico (Drake) Guatemala (Pinto Soria/Fox/Wortman)

Secessionism Sec Russia (Baev) Italy (Sciortino)

Congo-Nigeria (Saideman)

Separatism Sep Israel (Eyal) Chechnya (Dunlop) Bengal (De) Malaysia (Loh) Philippines (Man/McKenna) Tamil (Irschick/Kearney) Pakistan (Zaheer) India (Singh/Kapur/Ahmad/Chadda/Hamid)

Croatia (Sadkovich) Russia (Gorenburg/ O´Loughlin, Kolossov & Tchepalyga) Ukrainie (Subtelmy) Ireland (Garvin)

S.Africa (Le Cordeur/Poto/Pepler)

Can (Jacobs) Rep. Dom. (Cassa & Fernandez/Cassa & Rodriguez) Yucatan (Rubio Mañe) Chiapas (Taracena Arriola) Venezuela (Harwich Vallenilla) Ecuador (Benitez Vinueza) Panama (Batista Ballesteros/Jaramillo Levi/LaFeber/Uribe/Lemaitre Roman/Arauz & Pizzurno) Antioquia (Koonings & Menno) Paraguay (Prieto) Uruguay (Methol Ferre/Schroter/Real de Azua) Bolivia (Arze Quiroga/Durand Florez) Tucuman (Jaimes Freyre)

Putschism Put Algeria (Funk/ Rouviere/Vaisse)

Philipp (Riedinger) Germany (Bonnin/Gordon/ Hanser/Holmqvist)

Nigeria (Adeoye) Sierra Leone (Gberie) Africa (Henderson/Korte/ Kposowa) S. Africa (Khaketla) Ugand (Mittelman)

Peru (Castro Bastos/ Conaghan/ Malloy/Mauceri/Payne/Tamariz) Haiti (Desinor/Jean-Francois) Trinidad (Collihan/Taboada/ Ragoonath) Bolivia (Canelas Lopez) C. Rica (Fallas Monge) Panama (Ricord/Pereira) Ecuador (Fitch/Needler) Venez (Grisanti/Jimenez Sanchez/Krispin) El Salv (Guerra Rivas) Brazil (Martins/Moraes/

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Pandolfi/Pinheiro) Urug (Lessa/Taylor) Chile (Hanson) Argen (Kvaternik/Luna/ Nun/Mazzei/Rivera Echenique)

Irredentism Irred Turkey (Landau) Azerbaijan (Swietochowski) Israel (Kuzar)

Hungary (Vardy) Greece (Koliopoulos/Tatsios) Macedonia (Kondis) Alsace (Barrows)

Chile (Valenzuela Lafourcade) Venez (Giacalone) Belize (Lopez Jimenez/Menon) Argentina (Freedman-Gamba)

Militarism Mil Ancient Egypt (Schulman)

China (McCord/Waldron/ Kuhn) Japan (Hur)

England (Nolan) Germany (Stargardt)

Nigeria (Best/Vivekananda)

Cuba (Kuethe)

Anarchism Anar Russia (Avrich) Germany (Faehnders)

Arg (Molyneux) Mex (Sandos)

Extremism or Radicalism Extr

Israel (Sprinzak) England (Crimmins/Turner/ Brown) Russia (Gleason)

Insurrectionism Ins Philippines (Greenberg)

Salvad (Parkman)

Third-worldism Th Algeria (Malley) Praetorianism (Praet)

Egypt (Perlmutter) Israel (Ben-Eliezer)

Pakistan (Richter/Gardezi & Rashid)

Rome (Keppie/Evans) Spain (Boyd)

Africa (Delcalo) Nigeria (Kalu)

USA (Stockwell) Lat Am (Millett & Gold-Biss)

Lobbyism Lobb China (Koen) France (Persell) USA (Givel-Glantz) Canad (Miller)

Panam (Ameringer)

Bossism Boss Siberia (Golosov) Philipp (Sidel) Thailand (Sidel)

USA (Lieberman/ Bolin/Menard/Tucker)

C.Rica (Sewastynowicz) Peru (Long)

Environmenatlism Env

India (Shiva) China (Rosenberg/ Tsai/Harrington) Korea (Kim)

Greece (Runnels) Spain (Gomez Benito) Norwegia (Seippel)

Africa (Aseka) S. Africa (Saville)

Australia (Mulligan/ Tranter)

USA (Kirk/Barton) Mexico (Goddard) Brazil (Martin/Medeiros/ Viola/Domingos/Lobato/Rovere) Argent (Pescuma) Chile (Cunill Grau) Colomb (Subak)

SOCIAL

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PROPERTIES Socio-structural properties

Tribalism Trib Iraq (Nieuwenhuis-Baram) Syria (Dam) Kurdish (Ozoglu) Iran (Reid/Black-Michaud) Turkman (Geiss) Libya (Layish)

Russia (Hvoslef) Kazakstan (Esenova) India (Chatto/Padhyaya)

S.Africa (Lee/Badenharst & Mather) Zimbabwe (Ranger/Kruger)

Antilles (Moscoso) Chile (Leon Solis) Panama (Rivera Dominguez) Ecuador (Whitten) Brazil (Oliveira/Galvao/Urban/Nazzari) Mexico (Caso) Colomb (Hernandez Rodriguez) Trinidad (Guggenheim) Venezuela (Arvelo de Jimenez/Sanoja Obediente)

Nomadism Nom Mari (Matthews) Negev (Meir) Mauritania (Gravier) Iran (Sunderland) Afghanistan (Barfield) Somalia (Farah) Turkey (Erhan)

Mongolia (Haider/Jagchid) China (Barfield) Russia (Gorbunova) Afghanistan (Barfield) India (Robbins)

Eurasia (Bell) Carpathos (Genito)

Namibia (Kinahan) Kenya (Migot-Adholla/O´Leary) Tuareg (Rasmussen) Nigeria (Tahir) S.Africa (Hall & Smith)

Andes (Browman) Mexica (Lopez Austin) Tehuelch (Nacuzzi) Arauco (Parentini) Chichim (Roman Gutierrez) Mexico (Radding)

Pastoralism Pas Mari Kingdom (Matthews) Somalia (Unruh/Lewis) Iran (Sunderland/Hesse) Horn of Africa (Markakis)

Kazakhstan (Tourtellotte) Himalaya (Tarnowski) Tibet (Clarke)

Kenya (Migot-Adholla/O´Leary/ Terrecne McCabe) Tanzania (Hodgson) Nigeria (Adebayo/White/ Tahir) S.Africa (Colvin/Hall & Smith) Namibia (Kinahan) Tuareg (Rasmussen)

NZ (Meadows) Tiwanaku (Lynch) Peru (Shimada) Chile (Pollard & Drew)

Ruralism Rur Br (Ramos/Gomes) Chile (Flores Silva)

Collectivism Col Vietnam Soviet Russia (Mathijs

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(Wiegersma) & Swinnen) Hungary (Hann/Maurel)

Sedentarianism Sed

Libya (Layish) Saudi Arabia (Fabietti) Negev (Meir) Mauritania (Gravier)

China (Jagchid) Eurasia (Bell) Kalahari (Kent) Mauritan (Gravier)

Peru (Shady Solis)

Urbanism Urb Palestine (Kempinski/ Serangeli) Egypt (See) Syria (Mazzoni)

Malaysia (Agus) China (Finegan) Japan (Allinson) Philippines (Reed)

Germany (Johnson) England (Davies)

S.Africa (Kruger) Mesoam (Sanders & Webster) Peru (Harth-Terre) Mexico (Widmer Sennhauser) Chile (De Ramon) Uruguay (Rial Roade) Guatem (Gellert) Cuba (Luzon Benedicto) Ecuad (Middleton) Br (Faissol)

Egalitarianism Egal

Islam (Marlow) Sri Lanka (Gunasekera) S.Asia (Rahman)

Austr (Thompson) USA (Ellis)

Trade-unionism Trad

Can (Tucker/Ferland) Boliv (Salamanca Z/Ardaya Salinas) Chile (Falabella) Mexico (Cardona/Quintanilla Obregon/Gomez Tagle) Arg (Murillo/Montuschi de Glew/Duval/Campo/Zorrilla/Torre/Reitano/Carpena/Jaquelin) Guat (Levenson Estrada)

Elitism Elit Cambodia (Roberts) Gr.Br. (Tant) USA (Wiley)

DEMOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES

Malthusianism Mal Anticonceptivism Antic

Diasporism Dias Byzantine empire (Ahrweiler)

India (Dale/Axel) Hadhrami

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Red Sea (Ewald and Clarence-Smith)

(Ewald/Alatas) China (Ien/Gentelle/Bolt/ Sinn/Smith)

BEHAVIORAL PROPERTIES

Parochialism Par Mex (Davalos) Ethnocentrism Eth Asante (Palermo) Aus (Cuthoys &

Marcus) Chile (Casanova Guarda)

Trin (Bahadoorsingh/Ryan) Jamaic (Chevannes) Rep.Dom (Franco)

Racism Rac Sweden (Loeoew) S.Africa (Morris/Bickford-Smith) Eritrea (Pankhurst) S.Africa (Dubow)

Aus (Tsousis/Murdolo/ Teo/Luchtenberg & McLelland)

Can (Anand) Guat (Casaus Arzu) Nicar (Lancaster) Guiana (Halperin) Ecuad (Torre Espinosa) Peru (Cadena/Aparicio Vega) Br (Hasenbalg)

Antisemitism Ant Germany (Pulzer/ Brechtken/Mellinkoff) Austria (Mitten) Russia (Cooper) Hungary (Kovacs)

USA (Jaher/ Dinnerstein/Quarles)

Cuba (Bejarano) Br (Lesser) Arg (Spektorowski/McGee/Nascimbene) Chile (Sznajder)

Hybridism Hyb Segregationism Seg

India (Thakur) Philippines (Costello)

Netherlands (Teunissen/Bolt & van Kempen)

S.Africa (Kossler/Keegan/ Malan/Waldmeir/ Poto/Worden/ Rogers/ Clark/Davis/Lane/ Pepler)

Aus (Adair) USA (Judd/Denton/Hale/ Anderson/Cole/Martin) Can (Jetten)

Rep. Dom (Fink) Mexic (Peña/Pedrero) Salvad (Riveros Balmaceda) Trin (Harewood) Peru (MacIsaac & Patrinos) Arg (Johnson/Braslavsky) Colomb (Tenjo) Br (Pires)

Pauperism Paup Luddism Lud England (Dinwiddy/

Randall/Thomis)

Sexism Sex Algeria (Lloyd) Can (O´Brien) Arg (Ruggiero) N.Mexico (Gutierrez) Mexic (Gutmann/Stevens/Gonzalez

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Ascensio & Duarte Sanchez) Peru (Bernand) Boliv (Gill)

Feminism Fem Singapore (Lyons) India (Luhrmann)

USA (Joannou/Terborg-Penn)

Clientelism Cl Cyprus (Faustmann) Bangladesh (Sarker) East Europe (Hagopian) Greece (Faustmann/ Mavrogordatos/Henry & Nassis) Russia (Fairbanks)

Nigeria (Balogun/ Tibenderana)

Aus (Zappala) Can (Kettering/Kurer) Rep. Dom (Espinal) Mex (Poitras/Grindle) Colomb (Uprimny/Junco Velosa) Ecuad (Menendez Carrion) Boliv (Heath) Br (Greenfield/Norris/Hagopian) Parag (Rehren) Arg (D´Auria/Fontes/Otero)

Chauvinism Chau

Arg (Viñas) Mex (Gonzalez Navarro/Lida/Lynch)

ECONOMIC PROPERTIES

Structural properties

Servitude Ser India (Prakash) Ethiopia (Ahmad) Madagascar (Campbell) S.Africa (Worden) Guinea (Derman) Nigeria (Nast)

Venez (Carrera Damas) Caribb (Gemery & Horn Mexico (Cross/Gonzalez Navarro/Ouweneel) Peru (Vasquez) Parag (Djenderedjian)

Feudalism Feu Japan (Duus) Spain (Garcia Gonzalez)

Corporatism Cor Hong Kong (King) China (Lingle/Murphy/ Goodman/Ding/ Chan) Indonesia (Ford) Vietnam (Jeong)

Europe (Showalter) Austria (Crepaz) France (Passmore) Holland (Jones/Bremer & Kok)

Kenya (Swainson) Aus (Hampson) Arg (Campo/Reitano/Johnson) Mex (Shadlen/Schmitt/Hoyo/Boyer) Br (Silva/Motta Lima/Bak) C.Rica (Gudmundson)

Mercantilism Mer Japan (Roberts) India (Thomas)

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Protectionism Prot Holland (Heringa) Chile (Wright/Villalobos R & Sagredo B) Peru (Gootenberg) Arg (Panettieri/Chiaramonte/Nicolau)

Agrarianism Agr Korea (Shin) India (Bentall/Corbridge)

England (Chase) Bulgaria (Oren) Europe (Nicolaisen)

S.Africa (Higgins/Shackleton/Robinson)

USA (Rogers) Mexico (Magaña)

Industrialism Ind China (Hartwell/Rawski/ Chan) India (Johri/Das Gupta)

Italy (Adler) Russia (Blackwell/Kirchner/McKay)

Zimbabwe (Carmody)

Mex (Florescano Mayet) Br (Libby/Barat) P.Rico (Maldonado) Chile (Gatica)

Post-industrialism Taiwan (Tung) Germany (Fleischhacker/ Kalmbach) Ireland (Geary)

Zimbabwe (Carmody)

USA (Knudsen) Canada (Drache)

Chile (Gatica)

Capitalism Cap India (Haan) Japan (Howell) China (Gardella/Goodman) Korea (Kang) Kazakhstan (Brown)

Netherlands (Drescher) Scotland (Marshall) Russia (Holmstrom/ Freeland/Solongo) France (Gordon) Germany (Ziegler) Eengland (Gould)

Kenya (Swainson)

Post-capitalism

PRODUCTIVE PROPERTIES

Plunder Pl Nigeria (Shyllon) Sharecropping Sh Yemen (Donaldson) India (Sharma)

Pakistan (Dubois) Nepal (Acharya)

Italy (Luporini & Parigi/Emigh) France (Sicard) Spain (Garrabou/Carmona)

Madagascar (Jarosz) USA (Gaido/Fischer)

Putting-out system Put

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Landlordism Lnd China (Ching) Nepal (Regmi) Japan (Waswo)

Ireland (Slater/ O´Gallchobhair) Italy (Emigh) Germany (Eyre) Russia (Robinson)

USA (Rasmussen) Br. Caribb (Ragatz) Peru (Zaldivar)

Taylorism Tayl Br (Vargas) Chile (Winn)

Automatism Aut Br (Tauile/Schmitz & Quadros Carvalho)

Robotics Rob DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTIES

Cooperativism Coop

Chile (Carvallo Hederra) Cuba (Dembicz) P.Rico (Varas) Ecuad (Da Ros)

Collectivism Coll Vietnam (Wiegersma)

Russia (Mathijs & Swinnen) Hungary (Hann) Central Europe (Maurel)

Monopolism Monop

Japan (Weinstein) Gr.Br. (Ellis) S.Africa (Cameron) Cuba (Kuczynski) Arg (Saguier) Venez (Hussey) Rep.Dom (Rio Moreno & Lopez y Sebastian)

Competitivism Comp

China (Goodman) Venez (Lira) Arg (Sguiglia & Delgado/Obschatko, Sguiglia & Delgado) Peru (Jimenez) Mex (Noyola/Quintanilla Rodriguez/Casar) Urug (Quijano) Br (Klein/Korzeniewicz) Ecuad (Bottomley)

Consumerism Cons Netherlands (Jones)

Source: Eduardo R. Saguier - Homeric Guide (unpublished Data Base consisting of almost ten thousand subject topics or descriptors and a huge bibliography of thirty thousand titles, filling several archives with almost ten megabytes)

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