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Rhode Island Convention Center • Providence, Rhode Island
Microgrid Summary/Best Practices
Session: Planning Large and Small Scale Microgrids and Smart Grids
Dave Barr, PE, PMPBurns & McDonnell
August 10, 2016
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Microgrid Definition:“a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy
resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that
acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid
[and can] connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it
to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.”- the U.S. Department of Energy
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Session: Planning Large and Small Scale Microgrids and Smart Grids
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Moving Beyond DOD Pilots and Demonstrations• SPIDERS Phases 1, 2 and 3 (ECIP)• FDA White Oak Campus CHP-based microgrid (ESPC)• MCAGCC Twenty-nine Palms (ESTCP, expansion via MILCON)• Tooele Army Depot renewables/energy storage (ECIP)• Schofield Barracks utility peaking plant (EUL)
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Session: Planning Large and Small Scale Microgrids and Smart Grids
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Reference Microgrid
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Session: Planning Large and Small Scale Microgrids and Smart Grids
Building Connectedto Microgrid
RenewableGeneration
ElectricVehicles
EnergizedCircuit
BackupGenerator
IsolationBreaker
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Understand Ownership and Stakeholders• Who is responsible for operations and maintenance?• Who owns the controls (communications) network?• Who is the cyber system owner?• What rights do you have to integrate renewables?• Will the utility charge you to export power?
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Session: Planning Large and Small Scale Microgrids and Smart Grids
MicrogridCircuit
PV Array
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Design Considerations:• Avoid additional complexity and points of
failure• Implementable solutions that do not require
significant outages• Cost-benefit of including/excluding generation
assets and loads in microgrid• Capacity and resiliency of existing distribution
feeders• Grounding of distribution system once islanded
from utility• Consider impact of transformer inrush during
black-start
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Session: Planning Large and Small Scale Microgrids and Smart Grids
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Construction/Testing Considerations• Upgrading existing, operating infrastructure
– Outages may not be avoidable but should be minimized– Warranty period starts as soon as new equipment is energized– System features are operational before system is fully tested
• Do interconnect agreements and air permits support testing?• Testing live HV or MV systems requires qualified personnel• Testing cybersecurity requires rules of engagement
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Session: Planning Large and Small Scale Microgrids and Smart Grids
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Ongoing Operations Considerations• Microgrids impact multiple stakeholders that require training• Electrical systems are now more complex• Traditional electrical safety features may now be overridden• If primary purpose is to support islanded operation, regular
training and testing is necessary• Sustainment of operations, cybersecurity accreditation
requires funding
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Session: Planning Large and Small Scale Microgrids and Smart Grids
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Secondary Benefits of Microgrids• Enhanced automation and visibility of distribution system• Enhanced testing capabilities of backup generators integrated
into the microgrid• Control of inverters can support power factor correction
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Session: Planning Large and Small Scale Microgrids and Smart Grids
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Take-Aways from DOD Experience in Microgrids:
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Session: Planning Large and Small Scale Microgrids and Smart Grids
• Nearly every generation asset can be integrated successfully• 90% penetration of renewable power is achievable• Benefits of batteries for high speed stability is unproven• Renewables need to be carefully managed when islanded• Reactive power and spinning reserve management are crucial
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Take-Aways from DOD Experience in Microgrids:
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Session: Planning Large and Small Scale Microgrids and Smart Grids
• Value of energy security yet to be quantified• Policy, system ownership, and “color of money” is the primary
challenge• Third-party ownership and “energy as a service” is best short-
term solution for success• Avoid letting the “perfect” be the enemy of the “good”
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
THANK YOU
David A. Barr, PE, PMPBurns & McDonnell
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Session: Planning Large and Small Scale Microgrids and Smart Grids
