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Micro grid

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Introduction To Micro gridWhat is Microgrid?

It is a small-scale power supply network that is designed to provide power for a small community.

It enables local power generation for local loads.

It comprises of various small power generating sources that makes it highly flexible and efficient.

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Introduction To Micro gridWhat is Microgrid?

It is connected to both the local generating units and the utility grid thus preventing power outages.

Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.

Micro Grid consists of Fuel cells ,Micro turbine , Reciprocating engines , wind power and PV array systems

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Introduction To Micro gridMicrogrid Components

Distributed GenerationLoadsImmediate storageControllerPoint of Common Coupling

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Typical Micro grid is shown below:

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Micro grid Operating Modes

Grid Connected Mode:

Utility grid is active.

Static switch is closed

All the feeders are being supplied by utility grid.

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Micro grid Operating Modes

Island Mode:

Utility grid is not supplying power

Static switch is open.

Feeder A, B, C are being supplied by Microsources.

Feeder D (not sensitive ) is dead.

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The Need Of Micro grid

Micro grid could be the answer to our energy crisis.

Transmission losses gets highly reduced.

Micro grid results in substantial savings and cuts emissions without major changes to lifestyles.

Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to critical loads

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Interconnected Micro grids Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks

Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA.

For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many Microgrids to form a larger Micro grid network called Power Parks.

The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures greater stability and controllability for the Power Parks.

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Environmental Aspects

Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable energy sources.

Large land use impacts are avoided.

CO2 Emissions are reduced.

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Conventional Grid vs. Micro grid

Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared to Microgrid.

Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in conventional grid.

Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred to as Microsources) are small and are located in close proximity to load.

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Advantages & Disadvantages

Micro grid Advantages

Ability to disconnect from utility grid during disturbance and operate independently

It reduces demand on utility grid thus prevents grid failure

We can use both electricity and heat energy so that over all efficiency increases

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Advantages & Disadvantages

Microgrid Disadvantages

Voltage ,frequency and power quality should be at acceptable limits

Requires battery tanks to store which requires space and maintenance

Resynchronization to utility grid is difficultProtection is difficult

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ConclusionMicro Grids as an alternative approach to

integrating small scale distributed energy resources into electricity distribution networks, and more generally, into the current wider power system.

Micro Grids would be designed to operate independently, usually operating connected to the grid but islanding from it, as cost effective or necessary to maintain performance.

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Thank You