Upload
others
View
17
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 1
MICHIGAN’S PROBLEM-SOLVING COURTS:
SOLVING PROBLEMS, SAVING LIVES
Michigan Supreme Court
FY 2017 Annual Report on Performance Measures and Outcomes
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 2
TA B L E O F CO N T E N T S
(Data compiled: October 1, 2016 – September 30, 2017)
Executive Summary..........................................................................................3
Overview of Michigan’s Drug Courts...............................................................6 Caseload Statistics...................................................................................7 Michigan’sDrugCourtGraduates’OutcomeMeasures..........................7 DrugCourtRecidivism...........................................................................10 RecidivismRatesforGraduates.............................................................10 RecidivismRatesforAllParticipants......................................................15 DrugCourtGraduates’PerformanceMeasures....................................18 IgnitionInterlock....................................................................................22 IgnitionInterlockParticipants’Outcomes..............................................23 InterlockRecidivism...............................................................................24 RecidivismRatesforGraduates..............................................................24 RecidivismRatesforAllParticipants.....................................................26 DrugCourtSuccessStories....................................................................28Overview of Mental Health Courts...............................................................30 Caseload Statistics.................................................................................31 MentalHealthCourtGraduates’OutcomesMeasures.........................31 MentalHealthCourtRecidivism...........................................................33 RecidivismRatesforGraduates.............................................................33 RecidivismRatesforAllParticipants......................................................36 MentalHealthCourtGraduates’PerformanceMeasures.....................37 MentalHealthCourtSuccessStories....................................................40Overview of Veterans Treatment Courts......................................................41 CaseloadStatistics..................................................................................41 VeteransTreatmentCourtGraduates’Outcomes.................................42 VeteransTreatmentCourtGraduates’PerformanceMeasures............43 VeteransTreatmentCourtSuccessStories............................................43
Learn more about MI Problem-Solving Courts: www.courts.mi.gov/psc
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 3
E X ECU T I V E SU M M A RY
NUMBERS AS OF
JAN. 1, 2018:• Michiganhas185
problem- solvingcourts. 127 Drug/Sobriety 25 Veterans 33 Mental Health
• Thesecourtsareaccessibleto97percentofMichi-gan’spopulation.
• Michiganisanationalleaderwith25veteranstreatmentcourts.
Problem-solvingcourtsarespecialcourtprogramsthatfocusonprovidingtreatmentandintensesupervisiontooffendersinsteadoflockingtheminprison.Theseincludedrugandsobriety,mentalhealth,veterans,andothernontraditionalcourts. TheMichiganSupremeCourt(MSC),throughitsStateCourtAdministrativeOffice(SCAO),assiststrialcourtjudgesinthemanagementofthesecourtsbyproviding training, edu-cation, operational standards, monitoring, certification requirements, and funding.
SupportforthesecourtsispartofMSC’s“drivingchange”initiativetomeasureperformance,implementbestpractices,andimproveoutcomes.
Problem-solvingcourtssavelivesthroughstrictsupervisionandtreatment.They
improvethequalityoflifeforbothgraduatesandforthecommunityatlarge.Theyalsoreducecrimeandmakecommunitiessaferbecausegraduatesaremuchlesslikelytocommitanotheroffense.Finally,problem-solvingcourtssavemoneybyavoidingcostlyincarceration.
The Michigan Supreme Court recognizes the many judges across the state who voluntari-ly take on these additional dockets to truly solve problems and save lives.
DRUG & SOBRIETY COURT GRADUATES COMMITTED FEWER REPEAT OFFENSES Michigandrugcourtsdischarged2,914participantsduringFY2017.Ofthose,1,814participants(62%) had successfully completed a program.
Becausesuccessfulparticipantscommitfewerrepeatoffenses,theseprogramsarehelpingtoreducecrime,makingcommunitiesaroundthestatesafer.Forinstance,drugcourtgraduateswere FAR LESS likelytocommitanothercrimeaftertwoyears,asopposedtosimilaroffenderswhodidnotparticipateinadrugcourtprogram(seegraphbelow).
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONT.)
DRUG AND SOBRIETY COURT GRADUATES FOUND EMPLOYMENT UnemploymentamongdrugcourtgraduateswasDRASTICALLY re-duced,asseeninthegraphbelow.Thisissoimportantbecausehavingsteadyemploymentandincomearemajorfactorsinimprovinggradu-ates’overallqualityoflife.Themorepeopleareemployed,thestrongerthecommunitiy.
IGNITION INTERLOCK IMPACT
Ignition interlock devices are used to control drunk driving recidivism among chronic DWI offenders who are partici-pating in sobriety court programs.
There were 702 participants using ignition interlock devices who were discharged from a treatment court program during FY 2017. Of those, 637 (91%) successfully completed a prob-lem-solving court (PSC) program.
Sobriety court graduates using interlock devices were SEVEN TIMES LESS LIKELY to commit another offense after two years.
VETERANS TREATMENT COURT GRADUATES IMPROVED THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE
Veteranstreatmentcourtprogramsintegrateprinciplesfrombothdrugcourtsandmentalhealthcourtstoservemilitaryveteranswhosufferfrommentalillness,substanceusedisorders,ortraumaticbraininjuries.Therewere221veteransdischargedfromaprogramduringFY2017andofthose,146participants(66%) had successfully completed a program.Inaddition,MORE THAN HALF ofunemployedveteranparticipantsfoundworkbythetimetheygraduated,asillustratedinthegraphbelow.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONT.)
IMPORTANCE OF VETERAN MENTORS
TheeffectivenessofMichigan’s25veteranstreatmentcourts(VTCs)isdue,inlargepart,totheuniquecomponentofthevolunteerveteranmentors.Mentorsarematchedtoparticipantsbasedonwarorconflict,rank,andbranchofservice,whichhasproventobethemostimportantcriterionfordevelopingalastingbond.
Becauseveteranmentorshavehadsomeofthesameexperiences,VTCparticipantscon-fideintheirmentors,areopentodiscussions,andareacceptingoftheirhelp.ThathelpcomesintheformofassistanceinnavigatingtheVA,transportationtoappointments,supportatcourtreviewhearings,andmuchmore.
MSChostedaJusticeForVets2-daymentorbootcampinOctober2017,whichprovidedtrainingfor60veteranmentorsfrom12courtsacrossMichigan.
MENTAL HEALTH COURT GRADUATES COMMITTED FEWER REPEAT OFFENSES, IMPROVED THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE
Mentalhealthcourts(MHCs)collaborate closely with community mental health service providers to ensure that partici-pants have access to a wide range of treatment services. Asaresult,graduateswereFAR LESS likelytocommitanothercrimeaftertwoyears,asthegraphbelowillustrates.
Inaddition,nearly100percentofallMHCgraduates(adultandjuvenile)reportedimprovedmentalhealthandanoverallimprovedqualityoflifeuponcompletingaprogram.Furtheringthequalityoflifeimprovement,morethanhalfofun-employedadultsinMHCsfoundemploymentbythetimetheygraduated,andnearly100percentofjuvenilesinMHCsimprovedtheireducationlevelsbythetimetheycompletedaprogram.Thesesuccessesprovideasolidfoundationfortheseindividualstoimprovetheirlives,takecareoftheirfamilies,andhelpmaketheircommunitiesstronger.
Asked why he
became a mentor, one Marine vet instructor said
simply, “I do this because I can’t save the friends I lost.”
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 6
Drugcourtisanumbrellatermthatreferstovoluntaryjudicialprogramsthatofferanalternativetoimprisonmentfornonviolentcriminaloffenderswithsubstanceusedisorders(SUD).Tocombatoffenderscyclinginandoutofthecriminaljusticesystem,problem-solvingcourtsuseaspecializedtherapeuticjurisprudencemodeldesignedtotreattheSUDunderlyingthecriminalbehaviorand,therefore,reducerecidivism.
Participantsareheldaccountablethroughintensivesupervision,frequentjudicialstatusreviewhearings,randomandfrequentdrugtesting,andgraduatedincentivesandsanctions.Drugcourtsemphasizeaholisticandteamapproachthatincludesjudges,prosecutors,programcoordinators,probationofficersandcasemanagers,lawenforcement,defensecounsel,andtreatmentproviders. MichiganCompiledLaw600.1060(c)definesadrugtreatmentcourtas“...acourt-supervisedtreatmentprogramforindividualswhoabuseoraredependentuponanycontrolledsubstanceoralcohol.”Drugcourtshaveevolvedovertimeandnowincludeseveralmodelstoservespecificoffenderpopulations,andalthoughtheysharethesametherapeuticjurisprudencemodel,eachdrugcourtmodelhasspecificprogramguidelinesthatframeitsoperations.
Adult drug courtsaredefinedasprogramsthattargetdrug-relatednon-drunkdrivingfelonyand/ormisdemeanoroffenses,andtheirframework
isderivedfrom“DefiningDrugCourts:TheKeyComponents(TenKeyComponentsofDrugCourts).”
Sobriety courtsacceptonlydrunkdrivingoffendersandtheirframeworkisderivedfromTheTenGuidingPrinciplesofSobrietyCourts.
Hybrid courtscombinetheadultdrugcourtmodelandthesobrietycourtmodelbecausetheseprogramsacceptbothdrunkdrivingandnon-drunkdrivingoffenders.
Michiganalsohasjuvenile drug courts,whichacceptcriminalandstatusoffenders(i.e.,juvenilesdeemedtoberunaways,incorrigible,ortruant),andtheirframeworkisderivedfromJuvenileDrugCourt:StrategiesinPractice.
TheTribalAdvisoryCommitteedescribesitsdrugcourts(tribaldrugtreatmentcourts)as“Healing
to Wellness” Courts.
Lastly,family dependency treatment courts targetselectedchildabuseandneglectcaseswhereparentalsubstanceabuseisaprimaryfactor.Theseprogramshaveofferedasolutiontotheproblemofjailovercrowding,aswellastotheproblemofdrug-andalcohol-relatedcrime.
ToseetheofficiallistofeachPSCinMichigananditsdefinedprogramtypeasofJanuary2018,pleasevisithttp://courts.mi.gov/administration/admin/op/problem-solving-courts/pages/default.aspxandaccessthepageforeachtypeofproblem-solvingcourt.
O V E R V I E W O F D R U G C O U R T S
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 7
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
MICHIGAN’S
CERTIFICATION OF DRUG COURTS
While the model to each drug court is the foundation upon which courts build and implement their program, incorporating national best prac-tices to the ongoing operations of problem-solving courts is essential to ensuring program participation produces the best outcomes.
Best practices are proven practices that make problem-solving courts (PSCs) more effective at reducing recidivism. New, beginning in FY 2018, SCAO’s Problem-Solving Court team will be helping programs to implement required best practices and standards in accordance with the new certification process.
Courts that are certified and thus recognized by the State Court Administrative Office (SCAO) and Department of State as a PSC can offer ignition interlock restricted driver’s licenses, are eligible for grant funding through the SCAO, can collect program fees to supplement participation, and may discharge and dismiss cases in accordance with the applicable PSC statute.
Michigan’s mental health courts and veterans treatment courts will begin the certification process in 2019.
Caseload Statistics October1,2016–September30,2017
Duringfiscalyear(FY)2017,Michigan’sdrugcourts:
• Screened4,294potentialparticipants.• Admitted2,992offendersintoaprogram.• Discharged2,914participants.
DuringFY2017,thetotalnumberofparticipantswhowereactiveinworkingadrugcourtprogramwas6,582andisbrokendownbypro-gramtype:
• Hybridprogramstotaled4,022participants(61%).• Sobrietyprogramstotaled1,786participants(27%).• Adultdrugprogramstotaled332participants(5%).• Juveniledrugprogramstotaled260participants(4%).• Familydependencyprogramstotaled182participants(3%).
Michigan’s Drug Court Graduates’ Outcome MeasuresOctober1,2016–September30,2017
Outcomemeasuresareusedtodeterminetheeffectivenessofaprogram.Short-termgoalsofalldrugcourtsincludethepercentageofparticipantswhosuccessfullycompletedaprogram,thepercentageretainedintheprogram,andwhetherparticipantsimprovedtheiremploymentstatusoreducationlevelupongraduation.
Further,participantabstinencefromalcoholanddruguseisagoalofalldrugcourtprogramsandcanbemeasuredbythenumberofconsecutivesobrietydaysgraduatesachieved.Thedifferenttypesofservicesthatdrugcourtprogramsprovideparticipantscanalsobemeasuredwhenevaluatingprogramsuccess.Longer-termgoalsofdrugcourtsincludereducingrecidivism,whichalsoreducescoststothecommunity.
Success Rate:• Therewere2,914participantsdischargedfromaprogramduring
FY2017andofthose,1,814participants(62%)hadsuccessfullycompletedaprogram.
• 31%weredischargedunsuccessfullyduetononcompliance,ab-sconding,oranewoffense.
• 7%weredischargedforreasonssuchasvoluntarilywithdrew,“other,”transferredtoanotherjurisdiction,death,medicaldis-charge,orstatutorilyineligible.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 8
Achievingandmaintainingabstinencefromalcoholanddrugsisanothergoalofdrugcourts.Na-tionalbestpracticeresearchsuggestsparticipantsshouldhaveaminimumof90daysofsobrietybeforegraduating.
Theaveragenumberofconsecutivesobrietydaysbyprogramtype:
• Graduatesofadultdrugcourtprogramsaveraged316consecutivedaysofsobriety.• Graduatesofsobrietycourtprogramsaveraged432consecutivedaysofsobriety.• Graduatesofhybridprogramsaveraged333consecutivedaysofsobriety.• Graduatesofjuveniledrugcourtprogramsaveraged171consecutivedaysofsobriety.Juvenile
drugcourtprogramsaretypicallyshorterindurationthanadultprograms.• Graduatesoffamilydependencytreatmentcourtprogramsaveraged294consecutivedaysof
sobriety.Thistypeofprogramacceptsneglectandabusepetitionsthataretypicallyadjudicatedwithinoneyear.
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Success Rate (cont).
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 9
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Employment
Substanceabuseofteninterfereswithproductivityonthejob,theabilitytomaintainemployment,orbeingproactiveinseekingemploymentamongadultoffenders.Employmenteffortsareusuallyencouragedoncetheparticipanthasbeenclinicallystabilized.
• Adultdrugcourtprogramgraduatessawa100%reductioninunemployment.• Sobrietycourtprogramgraduatessawa77%reductioninunemployment.• Hybridcourtprogramgraduatessawa61%reductioninunemployment.• FamilyDependencycourtprogramgraduatessawa42%reductioninunemployment.
*Juvenile drug court offenders were not included as their main goal while working a program is to improve their education level.
“The program is not just about sobriety and being clean from drugs. That is obviously of primary
importance, but once you have those things, we want you to be able to go out and live a good life.”
-ChiefJudgeGenoSalomone23rdDistrictCourtRegionalDWICourt,WayneCounty
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 10
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Education
Juvenileshadthehighestrateofimprovededucationlevel,suggestingtheywereabletostayinschoolandadvancetothenextgradewhileintheprogram.
Drug Court Recidivism
Recidivism Rates for Graduates
Thetwo-yearanalysesofgraduateswhoenteredaprogramincludedatotalof14,321matchedpairs,andthefour-yearanalysesincluded11,247matchedpairs.Therecidivismratesarebrokenoutbyprogramtype.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 11
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Any New Conviction (Graduates) – 2 Years
Program Type Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
AdultDrug Yes 73% YesSobriety Yes 81% YesHybrid Yes 63% YesJuvenile Yes 28% YesFamilyDependency Yes 63%
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 12
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Any New Conviction (Graduates) – 4 years
Program Type Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
AdultDrug Yes 52% YesSobriety Yes 55% YesHybrid Yes 39% YesJuvenile Yes 3%FamilyDependency Yes 29%
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 13
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Alcohol or Drug Conviction (Graduates) – 2 Years
Program Type Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
AdultDrug Yes 75% YesSobriety Yes 85% YesHybrid Yes 67% YesJuvenile Yes 17%FamilyDependency Yes 83% Yes
“I am a firm believer in the treatment court model. As a judge, it has been an honor
to work with our participants in their commitment to recovery.”
-JudgeStewartMcDonald65BDistrictCourtDrugCourt,GratiotCounty
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 14
Alcohol or Drug Conviction (Graduates) – 4 Years
Program Type Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
AdultDrug Yes 56% YesSobriety Yes 63% YesHybrid Yes 41% YesJuvenile No -10%FamilyDependency Yes 33%
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 15
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Recidivism Rates for All Participants
Thetwoyear-analysesofallparticipantswhoenteredaprogramincludedatotalof24,451matchedpairs,andthefour-yearanalysesincluded19,568matchedpairs.Therecidivismratesarebrokenoutbyprogramtype.
Any New Conviction – 2 Years
Program Type Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
AdultDrug Yes 28% YesSobriety Yes 50% YesHybrid Yes 22% YesJuvenile Yes 11% YesFamilyDependency Yes 24%
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 16
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Any New Conviction (All Participants) – 4 Years
Program Type Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
AdultDrug Yes 11% Sobriety Yes 29% YesHybrid No 0% Juvenile No -10% FamilyDependency No -32%
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 17
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Alcohol or Drug Conviction (All Participants) – 2 years
Program Type Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
AdultDrug Yes 23% YesSobriety Yes 57% YesHybrid Yes 33% YesJuvenile Yes 6%FamilyDependency Yes 53%
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 18
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Alcohol or Drug Convictions (All Participants) – 4 Years
Program Type Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
AdultDrug Yes 10%Sobriety Yes 35% YesHybrid Yes 6% YesJuvenile No -13% YesFamilyDependency No -26%
Drug Court Graduates’ Performance MeasuresOctober1,2016–September30,2017
Participatinginadrugcourtprogramismuchmoreregimentedthanstandardprobation.Drugcourtsrequireparticipantstoengageinsubstanceabusetreatment,testfordrugsandalcoholfrequently,andappearbeforethejudgeforupdatesonetotwotimespermonth.Programsre-wardgoodbehaviorwithvaryingincentivesandaddressbadbehaviorwithprogramsanctions.Thefollowinggraphsillustratetheaveragenumberofservicesthatparticipantsinthedifferentprogramtypesreceived.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 19
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Treatment ProgramsofferdifferentmodalitiesofsubstanceabusetreatmentguidedbytheAmericanSocietyofAddictionMedicine(ASAM)criteria.Differentlevelsofcareincluderesidentialstays,intensiveout-patientservices,outpatientservices,anddetoxificationservices.Theaveragenumberofalltypesofsubstanceabusetreatmentmodalitiesarecalculatedinhoursandshownbelowbyprogramtype.
Drug/Alcohol Tests Randomandfrequentdrugandalcoholtestingisanobjectivemethodformonitoringabstinenceandnewuse.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 20
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Positive Drug/Alcohol Tests Newdrugandalcoholuseisoftenmetwithrapidtreatmentinterventions.
Incentives Drugcourtsincorporateastrength-basedapproachanduseincentivestoreinforceproductivebehaviorsthatsupportrecovery.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 21
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Sanctions Manytypesofsanctionsareusedtomodifybehaviorandtheresponsetoinfractionsareimmedi-ate.
Review Hearings Drugcourtsvaryfromstandardprobationinthatparticipantsregularlyappearbeforethedrugcourtjudgetodiscusstheirprogressandstruggles.Itaffordstheparticipantanunderstandingthattheteamissupportiveandinvestedintheirrecovery.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 22
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Length in Program Thelengthoftimethatparticipantsspendinaprogramvariesbytheprogramtype.
Ignition Interlock
In2013,PublicAct226allowedeligiblerepeatOperatingWhileImpaired(OWI)offenderstheabilitytoreceivearestrictedlicensethroughtheignitioninterlockprogrambyparticipatinginasobrietyordrugcourtprogram.
EligibleusersareorderedbyadrugcourtjudgetohaveaBreathAlcoholIgnitionInterlockDevice(BAI-ID)installedonallvehiclesthattheyownoroperate.Thedeviceisdesignedtopreventthevehiclefromstartingifthedriverhasabloodalcoholcontentaboveapre-establishedlevel,whichismoni-toredbyblowingintothedevice.
Thepassingof2013PA226andfavorableresultsoftheinterlockpilotproject,whichcanbefoundintheMichiganDWI/SobrietyCourtIgnitionInterlockEvaluation2015Report,openedothercourtstoofferingthedevicetoeligibleparticipants.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 23
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
1Missing data was removed from the analyses.
• InFY2017therewere1,283activeparticipantsamong70sobriety,hybrid,veterans,andtribalHeal-ing-To-Wellnessprogramswhoweremembersoftheinterlockprogramwithaninstalleddeviceontheirvehicle(s).
• Themajorityofparticipantswhohadignitioninterlocksinstalledwerecompliantwiththetermsofitsuse: > Lessthanonepercentofusersremovedtheignitioninterlockdevicewithoutapproval.
> Lessthanonepercentofuserstamperedwiththedevice. > Onepercentoperatedavehiclewithoutthedevice.1
Ignition Interlock Participants’ OutcomesOctober1,2016–September30,2017
Therapyforsubstanceabuseincludeslearningnewcopingskillstohelppreventrelapse.Whenpar-ticipantsareengagedintherapyitincreasesthelikelihoodthattheywillsucceedinatreatmentcourtprogramandmaintainabstinence.Evaluatingtherateofprogramcompletionandthenumberofconsecutivesobrietydaysforinterlockparticipantsisagoodmeasureoftheirsuccesstowardcontinuedabstinence.
• Therewere702participantsusingignitioninterlockdeviceswhoweredischargedfromatreatmentcourtprogramduringFY2017.Ofthose,637(91%)successfullycompletedaPSCprogram.
• 8%weredischargedunsuccessfullyduetononcompliance,absconding,oranewoffense.• 1%wasdischargedforreasonssuchasvoluntarilywithdrew,“other,”transferredtoanotherjurisdic-
tion,death,medicaldischarge,orstatutorilyineligible.
Graduateswithignitioninterlockdevices:
• Achievedanaverageof389daysofconsecutivesobriety.• Spentanaverageof520daysinaPSCprogram.• Averaged418drugandalcoholtestsandlessthanonepercentofthosetestswerepositive.
“I have operated a sobriety court since 2007, and a veterans treatment court since 2009, and have
experienced up close and personally the efficacy of problem-solving courts. Problem-solving courts are
a win-win proposition.”-JudgeRaymondVoet
IoniaTreatment&SobrietyCourt,64ADistrictCourtVeteransTreatmentCourt
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 24
Interlock Recidivism
Recidivism Rates for Graduates
Thetwo-yearanalysesofgraduatesofadrugcourtprogramwhousedinterlockincludedatotalof2,061matchedpairs,andthefour-yearanalysesincluded1,125matchedpairs.
Any New Conviction (Graduates) – Two and Four Years
Graduates Analyses Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
TwoYears–AnyNewConviction
Yes 86% Yes
FourYears–AnyNewConviction
Yes 61% Yes
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 25
Alcohol or Drug Conviction (Graduates) – Two and Four Years
Graduates Analyses
Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
TwoYears–AlcoholorDrugConviction
Yes 82% Yes
FourYears–AlcoholorDrugConviction
Yes 64% Yes
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
“In a problem-solving court, you deal one-on-one with individuals. As a judge, it gives more mean-ing to your job and to your life to know that the
work that you’re doing is truly saving lives and making your community safer.”
-ChiefJudgeKathleenBrickleyVanBurenCountyFemaleDrugTreatmentCourtand
FamilyTreatmentCourt
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 26
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Any New Conviction (All Participants)– Two and Four Years
All Participants Analyses
Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
TwoYears–AnyNewConviction
Yes 79% Yes
FourYears–AnyNewConviction
Yes 56% Yes
Recidivism Rates for All Participants
Thetwo-yearanalysesofallparticipantsinadrugcourtprogramwhousedinterlockincludedatotalof2,265matchedpairs,andthefour-yearanalysesincluded1,230matchedpairs.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 27
DRUG COURTS (CONT.)
Alcohol or Drug Conviction (All Participants) – Two and Four Years
All Participants Analyses
Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
TwoYears–AlcoholorDrugConviction
Yes 83% Yes
FourYears–AlcoholorDrugConviction
Yes 57% Yes
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 28
“I wanted to show people that this happens to all kinds of people—college degree or not, wealthy or not. It can happen to anyone.” -StacySalon SobrietyCourtGraduate
D R U G CO U R T SU CCE SS S TO R I E S
“You need to stop being angry, you need to be grateful. Where would you be if it weren’t for this program? You would not have half of the opportunities to live a normal life again.”-TanyaSwainSobrietyCourtGraduateandVolunteerMentor
“Because I was actually treated as someone with a disease rather than
a pariah of society, I was willing to accept all of the tools offered me.”
-KristenQuinnSobrietyCourtGraduateandVolunteerMentor
“Being there for other participants and sharing what worked for me is a continuation of the process for me.”
-AlanRautioSobrietyCourtGraduateandVolunteerMentor
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 29
O V E R V I E W O F M E N TA L H E A LT H C O U R T S
Unlikedrugcourts,Michigan’smentalhealthcourtsarereportedbywhetherthementalhealthprogramoperatesinanadultcircuitcourt,adultdistrictcourt,orareajuvenileprogramforyouthswhoareunder17yearsofage.
TheMichiganmentalhealthcourts(MHCs)targetoffenderswhohavebeendiagnosedwithaseri-ousmentalillness,seriousemotionaldisturbance,oradevelopmentaldisabilityasdefinedbyMCL330.1100a(25)and330.1100d(2)(3),andtheseverenatureofthementalillnessorfunctionalimpair-mentmustnecessitateintensiveclinicalservices.
MHCsoffereligibleoffenderstheopportunitytoparticipateinacourt-basedtreatmentprogramtoaddresstheirmentalillnessinsteadofsentencingthemtolengthyjailorprisonterms.
MHCsprovideintensejudicialoversight,treatmentthroughlocalcommunitymentalhealthserviceproviders,drugtestingwhenappropriate,referralstocommunityservicessuchashousingorclothingresources,enrollmentineducationalclassesand
certificateprograms,transportationassis-tance,andassistancewithobtainingemploy-ment.
CourtsthatreceiveMichiganMentalHealthCourtGrantPro-gram(MMHCGP)stategeneralfundsfromtheSCAOcollaboratecloselywithcommunitymentalhealthserviceproviderstoensurethatparticipantshaveaccesstoawiderangeoftreatmentservices.
Manymentalhealthcourtparticipantssufferfromsubstanceabuseinadditiontotheirmentalillnessandthus,programsmustprovidetreatmentforco-occurringsubstanceusedisordersalso.
InFY2017,overhalf(53%)ofactiveparticipantshadaco-occurringsubstanceusedisorderwhentheywerescreenedforamentalhealthcourtprogram.
Caseload Statistics October1,2016–September30,2017
Duringfiscalyear(FY)2017,Michigan’smentalhealthcourts:• Screened1,265potentialparticipants.• Admitted625offendersintoaprogram.• Discharged598participants.
DuringFY2017,thetotalnumberofparticipantswhowereactiveinworkingadrugcourtprogramwas1,247andisbrokendownbycourttype:
• Adultdistrictmentalhealthcourtstotaled678participants(54%).• Adultcircuitmentalhealthcourtstotaled476participants(38%).• Juvenilementalhealthcourtstotaled93participants(8%).
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 30
MENTAL HEALTH COURTS (CONT.)
Mental Health Court Graduates’ Outcomes MeasuresOctober1,2016–September30,2017
FactorsusedtoevaluatethesuccessofMHCsincludesuccessfulcompletionoftheprogram,improvementinemploymentoreducation,improvementinmentalhealth,improvementinqualityoflife,medicationcompli-ance,andreducedcriminalrecidivism.
Success Rate:• Therewere598participantsdischargedfrom30mentalhealthcourtsinFY2017andofthose,311partici-
pants(52%)successfullycompletedaprogram.• 40%weredischargedunsuccessfullyduetononcompliance,absconding,oranewoffense.• 8%weredischargedforreasonssuchasvoluntarilywithdrew,“other,”transferredtoanotherjurisdiction,
death,medicaldischarge,orstatutorilyineligible.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 31
MENTAL HEALTH COURTS (CONT.)
Employment StatusAdultmentalhealthcourtgraduatessawa56%reductioninunemployment.
*Juvenile mental health court offenders were not included as their main goal while working a program is to improve their education level.
Improved Education LevelAnimprovededucationlevelisnotthegoalofeveryparticipantbutyouthsinmentalhealthcourtswereespeciallylikelytocontinuetheireducationprogressingthroughhighschool.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 32
MENTAL HEALTH COURTS (CONT.)
Improved Mental Health
Improved Quality of Life
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 33
MENTAL HEALTH COURTS (CONT.)
Medication Compliance
Mental Health Court Recidivism
Recidivism Rates for Graduates
Thetwo-yearanalysesparticipantswhograduatedamentalhealthcourtprogramincludedatotalof874matchedpairsandthefour-yearanalysesincluded444matchedpairsacrossallthreecourttypes.
“The Mental Health Court is literally the best part of my job as a judge because of some of
the cases and the success stories I see—best part of my job, best part of my docket.”
-JudgeJosephSkocelas MentalHealthCourtat57thDistrictCourtinAllegan
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 34
Recidivism (Graduates) – Two Years
Program Type Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
AdultCircuitMentalHealth
Yes 59% Yes
AdultDistrictMentalHealth
Yes 46% Yes
JuvenileMentalHealth
Yes 44% Yes
MENTAL HEALTH COURTS (CONT.)
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 35
MENTAL HEALTH COURTS (CONT.)
Recidivism (Graduates) – Four Years
ProgramType Favorable PercentReductioninRecidivism
StatisticallySignificant
AdultCircuitMentalHealth
Yes 22% Yes
AdultDistrictMentalHealth
Yes 42% Yes
JuvenileMentalHealth
Yes 30%
“It really gives a holistic approach to criminal justice with the emphasis being not on punishment, but on rehabilitation, reducing the risk for reoffending, and
crisis intervention.” -ChiefJudgeLauraRedmondMack
WesternWayneCountyRegionalBehavioralCourt
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 36
Program Type Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
AdultCircuitMentalHealth
Yes 35% Yes
AdultDistrictMentalHealth
Yes 19% Yes
JuvenileMentalHealth
Yes 27%
Recidivism Rates for All Participants
Thetwo-yearanalysesofallparticipantsinamentalhealthcourtprogramincludedatotalof1,779matchedpairs,andthefour-yearanalysesincluded906matchedpairsacrossallthreecourttypes.
Recidivism (All Participants) – Two Years
MENTAL HEALTH COURTS (CONT.)
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 37
MENTAL HEALTH COURTS (CONT.)
Recidivism (All Participants)– Four Years
Program Type Favorable Percent Reduction in Recidivism
Statistically Significant
AdultCircuitMentalHealth
Yes 16% Yes
AdultDistrictMentalHealth
Yes 23% Yes
JuvenileMentalHealth
Yes 27%
Mental Health Court Graduates’ Performance MeasuresOctober1,2016–September30,2017
Overall,graduatesofamentalhealthcourtprogramaveraged:
• 12Incentivesand2sanctions.• 25Scheduledreviewhearings.• 420daysinamentalhealthcourtprogram.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 38
Performance Measures by Court Type
MENTAL HEALTH COURTS (CONT.)
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 39
MENTAL HEALTH COURTS (CONT.)
Performance Measures by Court Type (cont.)
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 40
M E N TA L H E A LT H CO U R T
SU CCE SS S TO R I E S
“The love that Judge Skocelas and his team showed for me had a huge impact on my life. They truly cared, and you could see it in the way that they looked at you, in the way that they talked to you, and in the resources they informed you about. They really wanted people to succeed.”—MakenzieScimecaMentalHealthCourtGraduate
“They gave me a chance in mental health court. Judge Tomlinson wasn’t
going to give up on me. He knew I had potential, and he showed me a
completely different side of the court system. He showed me that courts
can help. I really appreciate the pro-gram and the people involved in it. ”
-IvyCalkinsMentalHealthCourtGraduate
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 41
Caseload Statistics October1,2016–September30,2017
Duringfiscalyear(FY)2017,Michigan’sveteranstreatmentdrugcourts:• Screened334potentialparticipants.• Admitted245offendersintoaprogram.• Discharged221participants.
DuringFY2017,thetotalnumberofparticipantswhowereactiveinworkingaveteranstreatmentcourtprogramwas551among23courts.
O V E R V I E W O F V E T E R A N S T R E AT M E N T C O U R T S
Michiganveteranstreatmentcourts(VTC)followthedrugcourtmodelandrequirecompliancewithamodifiedversionoftheTenKeyCom-ponentsofDrugCourtsasrequiredbystatute.MichiganCompiledLaw600.1200,et seq., was passedinOctober2012,andoutlinestheopera-tionofveteranstreatmentcourtsinMichigan.
Theseprogramsintegrateprinciplesfrombothdrugcourtandmentalhealthcourttoservemili-taryveteranswhosufferfrommentalillness,sub-stanceusedisorders,ortraumaticbraininjuries.
VTCspromotesobriety,recovery,andstabilitythroughacoordinatedresponsethatinvolvescollaborationwiththetraditionalpartnersfoundindrugcourtsandmentalhealthcourts,aswell
astheDepart-mentofVeteransAffairs,volunteerveteranmentors,andorganizationsthatsupportvet-eransandtheirfamilies.
VTCsacrossthecountryhavebeenontheriseinanswertothegrowingnumberofveteransreturningfromduty.
ThenumberofMichigan’sVTCprogramshasrisento25inFY2017.
“It is enriching and rewarding in a way that is hard to describe. We have the opportunity to see people change their life circumstances in such a profound way, right before our eyes.”-ChiefJudgeWilliamBaillargeonWestMichiganRegionalVeteransTreatmentCourt
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 42
VETERANS TREATMENT COURTS (CONT.)
Veterans Treatment Court Graduates’ OutcomesOctober1,2016–September30,2017
Asmoreparticipantsaredischargedandhavehadtimepost-programforevaluation,recidivismanal-yseswillbecomeavailableforfuturereports.
• Therewere221veteransdischargedfromaprogramduringFY2017andofthose,146partici-pants(66percent)hadsuccessfullycompletedaprogram.
• 25%weredischargedunsuccessfullyduetononcompliance,absconding,oranewoffense.• 9%weredischargedforreasonssuchas“other,”death,transferredtoanotherjurisdiction,or
voluntarilywithdrew.
Graduates’ statistics:• Averaged396daysofconsecutivesobriety.• DespitemostveteranshavingobtainedatleastaGEDforaneducationlevel,12%stillhadim-
provedtheireducationlevelatdischarge.
Employment Status29%ofgraduateswereunemployedatadmissionand12%ofgraduateswereunemployedatdis-chargeresultingina59%reductioninunemployment.
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 43
VETERANS TREATMENT COURTS (CONT.)
Veterans Treatment Court Graduates’ Performance MeasuresOctober1,2016–September30,2017
Graduatesaveraged:• Eightincentivesandonesanctionwhileworkingtheprogram.• 21scheduledcourtreviewhearings.• 190drug/alcoholtests.• Twopercentofdrug/alcoholtestswerepositive.• 525daysinaprogram.
Asveteranscontinuetoreturnhomefromactiveduty,Michiganwillcontinuetohonorveteranswhostrugglewithsubstanceabuse,mentalillness,andtraumathatleadtocriminalordestructivebehav-iorbyprovidingtreatment,veteranmentors,andothersupportsystemsthroughtreatmentcourts.
V E T E R A N S T R E ATM E N T CO U R T
SU CCE SS S TO R I E S
“Each month, I’d leave the program and my spirits were soaring, I was rising; I couldn’t even believe how good I felt afterwards. On graduation day, I felt like I could jump up and touch the stars.”—KevinHierVeteransTreatmentCourtGraduate
“After talking to the judges and everyone who worked there, I could definitely tell it was something they
cared about a lot. It wasn’t like being another number.”
-DavidBaconVeteransTreatmentCourtGraduate
S O LV I N G PR O B LE M S, SAV I N G LI V E S: M S C PR O B LE M -S O LV I N G CO U R T S AN N UAL R E P O R T PAG E 44
ONLINE INFORMATIONAND SOCIAL MEDIA
ONE COURT OF JUSTICE WEBSITEcourts.mi.gov
facebook.com/misupremecourt
youtube.com/michigancourts
@misupremecourt
linkedin.com/company/michigan-supreme-court