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METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE

METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

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Page 1: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

METABOLIZEM in

OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE

Page 2: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Metabolizen je visoko koordinirana celična aktivnost v katero

so vključeni številni multiencimski sistemi in metabolične poti

z namenom:

- pridobivanja kemične energije

- prekurzorskih molekul

- polimerizacija monomernih molekul

- sinteza in razgradnja molekul potrebnih pri specializiranih

celičnih funkcijah

Page 3: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

AVTOTROFI in HETEROTROFI

Page 4: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Ciklus CO2 in O2

Page 5: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Ciklus N2

Page 6: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Metabolizem:

Katabolizem in anabolizem

Page 7: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Page 8: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Page 9: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Page 10: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Page 11: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Osnove bioenergetike:

Page 12: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Page 13: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Kemizem metabolizma:

Page 14: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Oksidoredukcijske reakcije:

Page 15: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Reakcije prenosa skupin:

Page 16: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Hidroliza

Page 17: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Nehidrolitična cepitev vezi:

Page 18: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Izomnerizacija in prerazporeditev:

Page 19: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Nastanek vezi v prisotnosti ATP

Page 20: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Osnove bioenergetike:

DGo` = -RT ln K`eq

Page 21: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Page 22: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Page 23: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

ATP in fosfoanhidridna vez

Page 24: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Page 25: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Hidroliza fosfoenolpiruvata:

1,3-bisfosfoglicerat

+H2O + Pi

Page 26: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Page 27: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Page 28: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Acetil-coencim A

Hidroliza tioestrov

Page 29: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Oksidacijsko-redukcijske reakcije kot vir

energije

Prenos elektronov:

- Direkten Fe 3+ + e- = Fe 2+

- Preko H+ iona (FAD + 2H + + 2e - = FADH2)

- Hidridni ion H- (NAD + + 2H + + 2e - = NADH + H +

-Preko O2

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O

Page 30: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

Page 31: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

DGo` = –zFEo`

Page 32: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

NAD+/NADH + H+

Page 33: METABOLIZEM in OSNOVE BIOENERGETIKE · NH HCOH HCOH HCOH 0— 0— CH2 0 OH OH NH.Ž CH3 N R NH H FAD FADI-r (FMNH') (semiquinone) FADH2 (FMNH2) (fully reduced) figure 14—16 Structures

FAD/FADH2

From DNA To RNA To Protein. OH O CH 2 Sugar H OH A Nucleotide NH 2 N N N N Base P O OH HO O Phosphate

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