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MEOR
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The Producers Tale, Part 1
Discovery, appraisal, development
Life is good!
The Producers Tale, Part 2
Primary recovery doesnt
Life is tough.
The Producers Tale, Part 3
Secondary recovery battles physics Poor sweep efficiency
The Producers Tale, Part 3
Secondary recovery battles physics Poor displacement efficiency
The Producers Tale (Chorus)
Primary recovery doesnt Secondary recovery battles physics
and loses
Oil left in place
The Germ of an Idea
SelfSelf--propagating!propagating!Just add Just add
water!water!
Intelligent agent for oil recovery
featuring DCF*SelfSelf--directing!directing!
The Germ
Microbe produces recovery-enhancing chemicals
Nutrients
Trapped oil
Products
The microbes replicate! Process is self-
sustaining!
SelfSelf--directing!directing!
The Best Part
SelfSelf--propagating!propagating!
The microbes consume residual oil! Find their own carbon
source in the reservoir! Create recovery-
enhancing chemicals right where needed!
DCF eliminates logistical hassle!
The Producers TaleNew
Life is good again!EOR
performance at waterflood cost
The Hard Part process development, scale-up, field implementation.
Rube Goldberg Inc.
Overview
Scale-up, design issues for microbial enhanced oil recovery
Derive performance constraints Review laboratory, field experience
What is MEOR? EOR, not well stimulation goal: increased displacement, volumetric
efficiencies
Time
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Recovery process without stimulation
Enhanced recovery process
incremental oil
t1
Same process with well stimulation at t1
faster oil
EOR vs. Well Stimulation
stimulation zone of influence
EOR zone of influence
stimulation zone of influence
Stimulation treats producers increase near-wellbore
permeability acidizing hydraulic fracturing
increase near-wellbore oil mobility thermal chemical microbial
EOR process propagatesfrom injector to producer
Microbial products*
Acids Biomass Gases Solvents Surfactants Polymers
* Momeni, D. and T. Yen, in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery: Principle and Practice, 1990
What is MEOR?
MEOR is chemical EOR, but with chemicals generated in situ
Chemical flooding
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residual oil
bypassed oil
rmrw
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microbesresidual oil
bypassed oil
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Microbial EOR
MEOR Base Case Implementation
recovery enhancing chemicals
water, nutrient injection
OperationInoculation
microbe, nutrient injection
microbe colony
rmShut-in
Review of Field Experience (1)
Few EOR projects
Many well stimulations
Increase in oil rateStimulation
% ROIP recoveredMEOR
Measure of successProcess
ROIP = Remaining Oil In Place
Review of Field Experience (2)
Three projects aimed at increasing displacement efficiency Two watered-out, low oil rate Oklahoma
fields
One high water cut, low oil rate Texas field
Review of Field Experience (2)
Watered-out, low oil rate Oklahoma fields Incremental recovery
Review of Field Experience (3)
Three projects aimed at increasing volumetric efficiency (SPE 75328, 59306, 35448, 27827)
Mixed results Positive result (SPEREE Feb.
2002) Uses native microbes Extrapolates to ~5% ROIP ultimately
recovered, comparable to polymer floods Simpler mechanism Issues
limiting reactant analysis maintaining long-term
injectivity
Technical basis: growing biomass
reduces permeability,
redirects injected water
Review of Field Experience (4)
Well stimulation with microbes Popular in some regions Cheap Mixed results Inconclusive evidence for mechanism(s)
Some involve microbe/oil interaction Viscosity reduction
MEOR analytical tools/engineering constraints applicable
Residence time Limiting reactant
Microbial Well Stimulation
Inoculation
microbe, nutrient injection
microbe colony
rmShut-in
Oil, water production
Operation
Viscosity reduction
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Sober Look at an Infectious IdeaAcknowledgementsThe Producers Tale, Part 1The Producers Tale, Part 2The Producers Tale, Part 3The Producers Tale, Part 3The Producers Tale (Chorus)The Germ of an IdeaThe GermThe Best PartThe Producers TaleThe Hard PartOverviewWhat is MEOR?EOR vs. Well StimulationMicrobial products*What is MEOR?What is MEOR?MEOR Design OptionsMEOR Base Case ImplementationReaction/Reservoir Engineering ConstraintsReaction/Reservoir Engineering ConstraintsReaction/Reservoir Engineering ConstraintsReaction/Reservoir Engineering ConstraintsReaction/Reservoir Engineering ConstraintsReaction/Reservoir Engineering ConstraintsMobility Control for EORReaction/Reservoir Engineering ConstraintsReaction/Reservoir Engineering ConstraintsHigh MEOR recoveries in lab?High MEOR recoveries in lab?Capillary Desaturation Curve (Lake, 1989)Review of Simulator DevelopmentMicrobial Well StimulationReaction/Production Engineering Constraints