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Practice QuizChapter 1

Moral Sentiment

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1. The moral emotion of guilt is BEST definedby which of the following statements:

A. it is a group generated feeling of anxiety concerning some failing in oneself compared to a group standard that has been internalized.

B. it is a self-generated feeling of anxiety concerningsome harm to another because of an action one hasor has not performed.

C. it is the feeling of distress over the suffering of another which was not caused by one's actions.

D. it is the feeling of distress over harm to oneself due to some imprudent decision.

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2. Shame is BEST defined as:

A. group generated feeling of anxiety concerning some failing in oneself compared to a group standard that has been internalized.

B. a self-generated feeling of anxiety concerning some harm to another because of an action one has or has not performed.

C. a feeling of anxiety that results from failure to perform one's duty.

D. loss of self-respect.

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3. Remorse is BEST characterized as:

A. a group generated feeling of anxiety concerning some failing in oneself compared to a group standard that has been internalized.

B. a feeling than an action should not have been done because it hascaused harm to oneself.

C. a distressful feeling resulting in the realization that an action should not have been done because it was wrong and has caused great harm to others.

D. a feeling of distress in witnessing some harm done to others.

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4. All of the following statements are true about the feeling of sympathy EXCEPT:

A. sympathy is distinct from empathy; empathy is the ability to read the emotions of others, while sympathy is also the feeling of distress over another's suffering.

B. one does not necessarily have to be capable of empathy in order to have sympathy.

C. sympathy involves both a feeling of horror and a feeling of relief; a feeling of horror over the sort of suffering the victim is undergoing, and a feeling of relief that you are not the one undergoing that suffering..

D. pity is distinct from sympathy in that it usually involves a patronizing element.

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5. Which of the following is the LEAST accurate statement concerning psychopathy:

A. psychopaths have difficulty internalizing norms or standards; however, they have a superficial or conventional understandingof them, and can easily imitate them.

B. typically, the psychopath has difficulty expressing moral emotions such as guilt, shame or remorse for acts that areclearly harmful to others.

C. psychopaths are capable of developing a very strong sense of duty and have a strict honor code.

D. many psychopaths have had attachment problems as children, or have been raised by very abusive parents.

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6. Which of the following is the BEST characterization of the wickedness (sociopathy):

A. the wicked person has a strong sense of good, but simply does not have the moral strength or will to act on it.

B. since the wicked person believes that he is incapable of doing good, or of becoming happy, he is motivated to destroy the good and the innocent in others, in order to bring themdown to his level.

C. the wicked person will often show signs of remorse for his actions.

D. the wicked person becomes happier the more he makes others suffer.

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7. The internalization of moral standards occurs when,

A. a person understands the difference between punishment and reward.

B. a person understands the difference between right and wrong.

C. a person willingly attempts to correct and control her behaviortoward some standard without the need of external control or the fear of punishment.

D. a person is motivated by reward and afraid of punishment.

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8. Moral sentiment is best described as:

A. the ability to control or temper our desire for pleasure.

B. the feeling of sympathy.

C. the ability to do the right thing in a complex moral situation.

D. a well-directed disposition of moral feelings which motivates a person to do what he or she believes is right.

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9. Moral sentiment can be expressed in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A. as a sense of duty or obligation towards others.

B. as a desire to avoid punishment, in the sense that in the absence of the possibility of that punishment one would do whatever she liked.

C. as a sense of honor.

D. as a global feeling of caring for others.

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10. The sense of honor is BEST described by which of the following statements:

A. the sense that one is a person of a certain sort and for whom certain kinds of conduct or behaviors are beneath you.

B. the sense that one is obligated to perform certain actions towards others, given a particular role you have in an institution or practice.

C. the admiration of a certain ideal of conduct as modelled in certain cultural heroes.

D. a consistent feeling of distress over the undeserved suffering of others.

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11. The difference between sympathy and empathy is BEST expressed by which of the following statements: A. empathy involves the ability to recognize that another person is suffering, while sympathy is the feeling of distress over that suffering.

B. in empathy one feels as the other who is suffering feels; in sympathy there is some distance and relief.

C. empathy is possible for those in loving, intimate relations;while sympathy is the usual result for those concerned aboutperson's particular kind of suffering.

D.empathy is an emotional process; sympathy is a purely intellectual process.

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12. All of the following statements about duty are accurate EXCEPT: A. duties are usually associated with specific obligations we have towards others, relative to a certain role we are playing; for example, we have duties as a parent, as an employee, and as a citizen.

B. duties are usually bound up more with the feeling of shame than with guilt.

C. prima facie duties are those duties one should perform regardless of the specific roles you play; for example, duties such as truth-telling, promise-keeping, etc.

D. providing nourishment, decent clothing, good schooling and emotional support for our children, would be good examples of parental duties.

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13. Which of the following statements BEST characterizes the sense of nobility: A. those who are motivated by nobility act mostly for the sake of status.

B. those motivated by nobility are often willing to sacrifice their personal interests or goals for some collective good, or some cause that they consider greater than themselves.

C. the sense that you are a person of a certain sort and that certain kinds of conduct or behaviors are beneath you.

D. the sense that you are obligated to perform certain actions towards others, given a particular role you have in an institution or practice.

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14. Which of the following is the LEAST ACCURATE statement about Caring:

A. In caring there is an emphasis on loving attachments, on preserving and strengthening existing relationships, while extending others; and within the context of those relationships, there is a deep concern to lessen the suffering of others, to want them to do well.

B. caring can happen only among those in close relationships.

C. a commitment, obligation, and responsibility to others is defined in terms of an understanding of the needs of others, and a responsiveness to those needs, rather than from a sense of duty.

D. caring can be defined as a moral sentiment thatderives commitments and a sense of obligation through emotional, sympathetic, and relational connection with others.

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15. Which of the following is the LEAST ACCURATE statement about Trust:

A. Trust could be understood as a general confidence in the good will of others.

B. Trust can be understood as a willingness to place what one values in the possession or power of another.

C. Trust is an implicit or explicit confidence that others intend no harm, and can be counted on to work towards the good of those things held in common.

D. Thick trust is best illustrated by the confidence we have that a stranger will not harm us as we walk past him on the street.

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CORRECT

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INCORRECT

Rationale:This is more of a case of regret. When wedo something imprudent that harms us,we often regret those actions. Guilt isusually felt when we have done harm toanother.

D. it is the feeling of distress over harm to oneself due to some imprudent decision.

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Tutorial on moral emotions

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INCORRECT

Rationale:Usually persons feel guilty when theyhave caused harm to another, especiallyif the harm is the result of a norm orrule they’ve violated. On the other hand, people can feel sympathy for the suffering of others, even though they have not been the source of that suffering.

C. it is the feeling of distress over the suffering of another which was not caused by one's actions.

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INCORRECT

Rationale: Guilt is usually not group generated. A personcan feel guilty even if no one else knowsabout the act in question. Shame is a moralemotion that is group-generated. Often, inorder to feel shame, others must know aboutthe action.

A. it is a group generated feeling of anxiety concerning some failing in oneself compared to a group standard that has been internalized.

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CORRECT

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B. a self-generated feeling of anxiety concerning some harm to another because of an action one has or has not performed.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is more of a description of guilt. Shame is usually group-generated, and the focus in shame is on one’s own failings, rather than harm to others.

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C. a feeling of anxiety that results from failure to perform one's duty.

INCORRECT

Rationale: usually shame is more associatedwith a sense of honor than with duty. Shamefocuses on a failing in oneself rather thanthe non-performance of duties to others.

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D. loss of self-respect.

INCORRECT

Rationale: although shame can lead to lossof self-respect, this doesn’t quite captureall of its characteristics. There is a betteranswer.

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A. a group generated feeling of anxiety concerning some failing in oneself compared to a group standard that has been internalized.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is a very good description ofshame rather than remorse. Remorse is similar in some ways to shame, since it mayoccur in the context of some public forum,such as a trial, or a letter of apology, etc. Remorse has more to do with a sudden, orperhaps eventual realization that somethinga person has done is wrong, on the basis ofthe witness to the harm an action has caused.

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B. a feeling than an action should not have been done because it has caused harm to oneself.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is a description of regret ratherthan remorse. Regret is usually expressed whenpersons have done something that has led toa harm to themselves. Remorse is more concerned with the harm caused others, thanany harm to oneself.

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C. a distressful feeling resulting in the realization that an action

should not have been done because it was wrong and has caused

great harm to others.

CORRECT

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D. a feeling of distress in witnessing some harm done to others.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is more correctly a descriptionof sympathy. Although person who hasremorse feels distress over harm to others,it is because that person has caused the harm.Sympathy results from the suffering of others,without a person being the cause of thatsuffering.

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A. sympathy is distinct from empathy; empathy is the ability to read the emotions of others, while sympathy is also the feeling of distress over another's suffering.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is an accurate statement aboutsympathy.

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B. one does not necessarily have to be capable of empathy in

order to have sympathy.

Without empathy there could be nosympathy. One must first understandthe emotion, before you can feel sympathyfor it.

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C. sympathy involves both a feeling of horror and a feeling of relief; a feeling of horror over the sort of suffering the victim is undergoing, and a feeling of relief that you are not the one undergoing that suffering..

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is an accurate statementabout sympathy.


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D. pity is distinct from sympathy in that it usually involves a patronizing element.

INCORRECT

This is an accurate statement about sympathy.


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A. psychopaths have difficulty internalizing norms or standards; however, they have a superficial or conventional understanding of them, and can easily imitate them.

INCORRECT

This is an accurate statement about psychopathy.

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B. typically, the psychopath has difficulty expressing moral emotions such as guilt, shame or remorse for acts that areclearly harmful to others.

INCORRECT



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C. psychopaths are capable of developing a very strong sense of duty and have a strict honor code.

Psychopaths are not capable of developinga very strong sense of duty, or a stronghonor code.

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D. many psychopaths have had attachment problems as children, or have been raised by very abusive parents.

INCORRECT



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A. the wicked person has a strong sense of good, but simply does not have the moral strength or will to act on it.

INCORRECT

Rationale: This Is a description of moral weakness rather than wickedness. Thewicked person has strength of will, butuses it in order to do others harm.

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B. since the wicked person believes that he is incapable of doing good, or of becoming happy, he is motivated to destroy the good and the innocent in others, in order to bring them down to his level.

CORRECT

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C. the wicked person will often show signs of remorse for his actions.

INCORRECT

Rationale: just the opposite---a wickedperson desires to see another harmed.


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D. the wicked person becomes happier the more he makes others suffer.

INCORRECT

Rationale: it is not that the wicked personbecomes happier when others suffer. Thewicked person wants to remove good fromothers, and bring them to his or her level.


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A. a person understands the difference between punishment and reward.

INCORRECT

Rationale: even those who have not internalized norms can understand the difference between punishment and reward.

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B. a person understands the difference between right and wrong.

INCORRECT

Rationale: just understanding the differencebetween right and wrong is not sufficientfor internalizing a norm.

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C. a person willingly attempts to correct and control her behavior toward some standard without the need of external control or the fear of punishment.

CORRECT

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D. a person is motivated by reward and afraid of punishment.

INCORRECT

Rationale: most people, even if they havenot internalized norms, are motivated byreward and punishment.

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A. the ability to control or temper our desire for pleasure.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is a description of temperance.

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View tutorial on Moral Sentiment

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B. the feeling of sympathy.

INCORRECT

Rationale: sympathy is a moral emotion,moral sentiments are higher-orderemotional configurations.

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C. the ability to do the right thing in a complex moral situation.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is the definition of moralcompetence.

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D. a well-directed disposition of moral feelings which motivates a person to do what he or she believes is right.

CORRECT

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A. as a sense of duty or obligation towards others.

INCORRECT

Rationale: duty is one of the more importantways in which we express our moral sentiment.

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B. as a desire to avoid punishment, in the sense that in the absence of the possibility of that punishment one would do whatever she liked.

CORRECT

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C. as a sense of honor.

INCORRECT

Rationale: honor is a primary way inwhich people express moral sentiment.


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D. as a global feeling of caring for others.

INCORRECT

Rationale: caring is a primary way in which moral sentiment is expressed.


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A. the sense that one is a person of a certain sort and for whom certain kinds of conduct or behaviors are beneath you.

CORRECT

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B. the sense that one is obligated to perform certain actions towards others, given a particular role you have in an institution or practice.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is actually a good definition ofduty. Honor focuses more on one’s status andreputation, rather than obligations towards others.

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C. the admiration of a certain ideal of conduct as modelled in certain cultural heroes.

INCORRECTRationale: this is actually part of thecharacteristics of nobility. There is somesimilarity with the notion of honor, butusually nobility focuses on purposes orcauses larger than the individual self; honorfocuses more on a person’s status andreputation.

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D. a consistent feeling of distress over the undeserved suffering of others.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is a definition of sympathy,which is a moral emotion rather than asentiment.

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A. empathy involves the ability to recognize that another person is suffering, while sympathy is the feeling of distress over that suffering.

CORRECT

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B. in empathy one feels as the other who is suffering feels; in sympathy there is some distance and relief.

INCORRECT

Rationale: empathy is a process of understandingwhat another feels, but even if one understands,one might not feel as the person feels.

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C. empathy is possible for those in loving, intimate relations; while sympathy is the usual result for those concerned about person's particular kind of suffering.

INCORRECT

Rationale: empathy is not dependent uponrelationship. One can easily understand thatanother human being is distressed, or suffering, even if one has not seen that personbefore.

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D.empathy is an emotional process; sympathy is a purely intellectual process.

INCORRECT

Rationale: both empathy and sympathy areprimarily emotional processes, although likeany emotion, they have cognitive elementsand aspects.

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A. duties are usually associated with specific obligations we have towards others, relative to a certain role we are playing; for example, we have duties as a parent, as an employee, and as a citizen.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is correct information aboutduty; the question asks for the statementthat is not accurate.

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B. duties are usually bound up more with the feeling of shame than with guilt.

Duties are usually bound up with the moralemotion of guilt rather than shame.

CORRECT

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C. prima facie duties are those duties one should perform regardless of the specific roles you play; for example, duties such as truth-telling, promise-keeping, etc.

INCORRECT


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D. providing nourishment, decent clothing, good schooling and emotional support for our children, would be good examples of parental duties.

INCORRECT


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A. those who are motivated by nobility act mostly for the sake of status.

INCORRECT

Rationale: typically people guided by a senseof honor act in this manner; nobility is focusedon a cause or purpose larger than individualinterest. A person identifies with these greaterpurposes, rather than self-interest.

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B. those motivated by nobility are often willing to sacrifice their personal interests or goals for some collective good, or some cause that they consider greater than themselves.

CORRECT

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C. the sense that you are a person of a certain sort and that certain kinds of conduct or behaviors are beneath you.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is a good description of honorrather than nobility; nobility is more concernedwith purposes or goals larger than the person.

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D. the sense that you are obligated to perform certain actions towards others, given a particular role you have in an institution or practice.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is a good description of duty;nobility has more of a focus on causes orpurposes greater than self interest.

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A. In caring there is an emphasis on loving attachments, on preserving and strengthening existing relationships, while extending others; and within the context of those relationships, there is a deep concern to lessen the suffering of others, to want them to do well.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is an accurate description ofcaring; the question asks for the least accurate.

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B. caring can happen only among those in close relationships.

Rationale: caring does not necessarily requirea close relationships; professionals can carefor their clients, strangers for the suffering ofothers, and people can also care about thingsor institutions.

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C. a commitment, obligation, and responsibility to others is defined in terms of an understanding of the needs of others, and a responsiveness to those needs, rather than from a sense of duty.

INCORRECT


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D. caring can be defined as a moral sentiment that derives commitments and a sense of obligation through emotional, sympathetic, and relational connection with others.

INCORRECT


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A. Trust could be understood as a general confidence in the good will of others.

INCORRECT

Rationale: this is a characteristic of trust.The question asks which is not a characteristic.

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B. Trust can be understood as a willingness to place what one values in the possession or power of another.

INCORRECT


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C. Trust is an implicit or explicit confidence that others intend no harm, and can be counted on to work towards the good of those things held in common.

INCORRECT


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D. Thick trust is best illustrated by the confidence we have that a stranger will not harm us as we walk past him on the street.

Rationale: thick trust is something we typicallyfeel for a close family member; thin trustis something we might feel for a stranger.

CORRECT

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