Mendel’s Mendel’s Contribution(s)?Contribution(s)?

This WeekThis Week

Finish Finish C. elegans C. elegans experiment,experiment,

Tinker with wasps,Tinker with wasps,Exam ReviewExam Review (April 20 (April 20thth))Exam I (April 23Exam I (April 23rdrd),),

Basic Mendel!Basic Mendel! Basic Mendel!Basic Mendel! Basic Mendel!Basic Mendel! Basic Mendel!Basic Mendel! Basic Mendel!Basic Mendel! C. elegansC. elegans!! Bioinfomatics!Bioinfomatics! Nasonia!Nasonia!

Mendel’s First PostulateMendel’s First Postulate

Unit Factors in PairsUnit Factors in PairsGenetic characteristics are controlled by unit Genetic characteristics are controlled by unit

factors that exist in pairs* in individual organisms,factors that exist in pairs* in individual organisms,each individual receives one unit factor from each individual receives one unit factor from

each parent*,each parent*, in a monohybrid cross, three combinations of in a monohybrid cross, three combinations of

unit factors are possible,unit factors are possible,

* not in Nasonia males!

Mendel’s Second PostulateMendel’s Second Postulate

Dominant/RecessiveDominant/Recessive

When two unlike unit factors are present in a When two unlike unit factors are present in a single individual, one unit factor is dominant to single individual, one unit factor is dominant to the other, which is said to be recessive.the other, which is said to be recessive.

Mendel’s Third PostulateMendel’s Third Postulate

SegregationSegregation During the processes of heredity, the paired During the processes of heredity, the paired

unit factors separate so that the offspring unit factors separate so that the offspring receives one unit factor from each parent,receives one unit factor from each parent,

The unit factors segregate to offspring The unit factors segregate to offspring randomly.randomly.

Mendel’s Forth PostulateMendel’s Forth Postulate

Independent Independent AssortmentAssortment

How do two traits segregate in the offspring of How do two traits segregate in the offspring of an individual that is heterozygous for both traits?an individual that is heterozygous for both traits?

Independent Independent AssortmentAssortment

…checking complementation in the F2…checking complementation in the F2

P:P:

F1:F1:

F2: F2:

AAdd x aaDDAAdd x aaDD

AaDdAaDd

9: A_D_9: A_D_

3: aaD_3: aaD_

3: A_dd3: A_dd

1: aadd1: aadd

Both Recessive? Both Dominant? One of each?

P:P:

F1:F1:

F2: F2:

aadd x AADDaadd x AADD

AaDdAaDd

9: A_D_9: A_D_

3: aaD_3: aaD_

3: A_dd3: A_dd

1: aadd1: aadd

9:7 wt : mut1:15 wt : mut

3:13 wt : mut

P to F1P to F1Haplo/Diplo: Thinking about complementation groups…Haplo/Diplo: Thinking about complementation groups…

1.1. Both recessive:Both recessive: aaDD x Ad aaDD x Ad female: AaDd, male aD female: AaDd, male aD

2.2. Both Dominant:Both Dominant: aaDD x Ad aaDD x Ad female: AaDd, male aD female: AaDd, male aD

3.3. One dominant*:One dominant*: aadd x AD aadd x AD female: AaDd, male ad female: AaDd, male ador…or… AADD x ad AADD x ad female: AaDd, male AD female: AaDd, male AD

* need to define which is dominant!* need to define which is dominant!

P to F1 to “F2”P to F1 to “F2”Haplo/Diplo: Thinking about complementation groups…Haplo/Diplo: Thinking about complementation groups…

1.1. Both recessive: aaDD x Ad Both recessive: aaDD x Ad female: AaDd female: AaDd ¼AD + ¼Ad + ¼aD + ¼ad ¼AD + ¼Ad + ¼aD + ¼ad

2.2. Both Dominant: aaDD x Ad Both Dominant: aaDD x Ad female: AaDd female: AaDd ¼AD + ¼Ad + ¼aD + ¼ad ¼AD + ¼Ad + ¼aD + ¼ad

3.3. One dominant*: aadd x AD One dominant*: aadd x AD female: AaDd female: AaDd ¼AD + ¼Ad + ¼aD + ¼ad ¼AD + ¼Ad + ¼aD + ¼ad or…or… AADD x ad AADD x ad female: AaDd female: AaDd ¼AD + ¼Ad + ¼aD + ¼ad ¼AD + ¼Ad + ¼aD + ¼ad

* need to define which is dominant!* need to define which is dominant!

Forked-Line MethodForked-Line MethodHaplo/Diplo F2Haplo/Diplo F2

AaDd x AD* (*male genotype could be ad, aD, AaDd x AD* (*male genotype could be ad, aD, Ad)Ad)

1/2 A

1/2 a

½ D½ d

1/2 D½ d

1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 AD

1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 Ad

1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 aD1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 ad

1 AD = ¼ AADD

1 AD = ¼ AADd

1 AD = ¼ AaDD 1 AD = ¼ AaDd

Forked-Line MethodForked-Line MethodHaplo/Diplo F2Haplo/Diplo F2

AaDd x AD* (*male genotype could be ad, aD, AaDd x AD* (*male genotype could be ad, aD, Ad)Ad)

1/4 AD

1/4 Ad1/4 aD1/4 ad

x 1 AD = ¼ AADD

x 1 AD = ¼ AADd

x 1 AD = ¼ AaDD

x 1 AD = ¼ AaDd

1/4 AD

1/4 Ad1/4 aD1/4 ad

x 1 ad = ¼ AaDd

x 1 ad = ¼ Aadd

x 1 ad = ¼ aaDd

x 1 ad = ¼ aadd

1/4 AD

1/4 Ad1/4 aD1/4 ad

x 1 aD = ¼ AaDD

x 1 aD = ¼ AaDd

x 1 aD = ¼ aaDD

x 1 aD = ¼ aaDd

1/4 AD

1/4 Ad1/4 aD1/4 ad

x 1 Ad = ¼ AADd

x 1 Ad = ¼ AAdd

x 1 Ad = ¼ aaDd

x 1 Ad = ¼ Aadd

Have Fun!

LabLab Life CyclesLife Cycles

Wasp Development Wasp Development TimelinesTimelines

Life Cycles, Mating, etc.Life Cycles, Mating, etc.

C. elegans C. elegans NomenclatureNomenclature

Tower of Babel

This WeekThis Week

Wednesday, Wednesday, score F3s,score F3s, discuss Mendel Review discuss Mendel Review

Formal Lab Write-Up, Formal Lab Write-Up, think about or tinker think about or tinker

with wasps?with wasps?

Friday,Friday, midterm,midterm, think about or tinker think about or tinker

with wasps?with wasps?