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Mekanisme Kerja Hormon

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Hormone Action

The action of a hormone: efek primer pada

sel ( ikatan hormonreseptor spesifik):

hormonereceptor complex

complex effector system signal

transducing mechanismbiochemical

process(es) within the cell.

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in tracel lular recep to r

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Complex activates a gene (transcription factor)

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The DNA sequences of several

hormone response elements (HREs)

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Transmembrane Receptors

. The signal activates a channel, an enzyme, or

a G-protein cascade.

Enzyme coupled receptors: Signal activates an

enzyme activity of the receptor itselftyrosinekinases, phospholipase C.

G-protein coupled receptors: Signal activates a G-

protein that activates downstream enzymesmakes

second messenger(cAMP or Ca2). Ion-channel coupled receptors: Signal activates an

ion channel

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Effector systems

Hormonereceptor complex:

meningkatkan aktivitas

enzim G-protein

ion channel

gene

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Hormonereceptor complex: meningkatkan

aktivitas enzim protein kinase

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PROTEIN KINASES

1. Transmembrane receptor kinases :tyrosine kinase

ATP : phosphorylate specific tyrosine enzymatic(amplification step).

2. serine/ threonineprotein kinasesATP to phosphorylate specific serine or threonine.

phosphorylation cascades :

one kinase phosphorylates another

MAP kinasekinase kinase. (mitogen-activated proteinkinase that phosphorylates MAP kinasekinase)

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.

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Membrane-boundphospholipase Hydrolisa: phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate(PIP2)

dua messenger, inositol trisphosphate (IP3)

diacylglycerol (DAG)

example: adrenaline binding to the -receptor in theliver: Ca2+ ions stimulate glycogenolysis

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glycogen synthase in muscle

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Enzymes and proteins regulated by

calcium or calmodulin.

Adenylyl cyclase

Ca2+-dependent protein kinases

Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase

Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase

Some cytoskeletal proteins

Some ion channels (eg, L-type calcium channels)

Nitric oxide synthase

Phosphorylase kinase

Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2B

Some receptors (eg, NMDA-type glutamate recept

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Gomplex activates G-protein

H-R complex: activates G-protein activates a membrane-bound enzyme

(e.g. adenyl cyclase, which converts ATP

to cyclic AMP).

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G-Protein

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Pathway of glycogenesis and of

glycogenolysis in the liver

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Control of adipose tissue lipolysis.

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Cyclic GMP

Cyclic GMP: is made from GTP by the

enzyme guanylyl cyclase (activate : atrial

natriuretic factor)

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Control of phosphorylase in muscle.

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glycogen synthase in muscle