World History Ch 13 & 14

World History Ch 13 & 14

The The Middle AgesMiddle Ages

““The Dark Ages”The Dark Ages”

#26#26

Europe in the 6Europe in the 6thth Century ADCentury AD

Europe in the 6Europe in the 6thth Century ADCentury AD

Changes in W. Europe due Changes in W. Europe due to Germanic Invasionsto Germanic Invasions

• Disruption of Trade /Economic CentersDisruption of Trade /Economic Centers

• Downfall of Cities Downfall of Cities

- abandoned- abandoned

- dwindling population moved to - dwindling population moved to the countrysidethe countryside

• Decline of Learning Decline of Learning

- besides clergy /few were educated- besides clergy /few were educated

• Loss of Common LanguageLoss of Common Language

- Cultural Unity is Destroyed- Cultural Unity is Destroyed

FeudalismFeudalism• System of Govt. / Military that began after

the fall of the Franks from power• Small kingdoms developed / ex. 350 counties

• In order to maintain control a relationship between kings and lesser nobles was needed

• This was the Feudal Contract

Two Important Aspects:

1. Land Grants from Lords

2. Exchanged for Protection

& Loyalty

(Serfs)

Peasants who worked the

land

The Road to The Road to KnighthoodKnighthoodThe Road to The Road to KnighthoodKnighthoodKNIGHT

SQUIRE

PAGE

Age 7

Age 14

Age 21

Knight in Full Armor - JoustingKnight in Full Armor - Jousting

ChivalryChivalry A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and

BehaviorBehavior

ChivalryChivalry A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and

BehaviorBehavior

Knights Ruled the BattlefieldKnights Ruled the BattlefieldFrom Charlemagne to the Hundred Years WarFrom Charlemagne to the Hundred Years War

Age of Knights Ends with Age of Knights Ends with Development of the Welsh Development of the Welsh

Longbow Longbow • Up to six feet longUp to six feet long

- Cheap to make- Cheap to make

- Easy to Carry- Easy to Carry

- Quick to Fire- Quick to Fire

12-15 shots per min12-15 shots per min• Deadly from 200ydDeadly from 200yd

“ “The Middle Finger”The Middle Finger”

- Capture/Fr. Cut M.F. - Capture/Fr. Cut M.F.

- Battle of Agincourt- Battle of Agincourt

(Eng. Showed Finger)(Eng. Showed Finger)

Bodkin

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismpolitical, economic & social system based on loyalty and military service

Key words/Concepts• Lords – nobles who make a grant of land

(kings / barons / counts, etc)• Vassals – nobles who received the land

(knights could be included here)• Fief – the land that was granted (hereditary)

- Could be Both alord & vassal

- couldn’t divide the fief within the family

- Law of Primogeniture (eldest son)

- Obligations were onlyfor lord above & vassal below

The Manor Systemwithin Feudalism

• Economic System of the Dark Ages

(agricultural based)• Large fief’s might have several manors

- stewards ran them if lords were away

• Centered around the Manor (estate)

- manor house(castle), pastures, fields

village, church, mill, forests,etc.• Manors were Self-Sufficient –very little

trade during this period

Social Structure

1. Nobility – Kings/Lords/Knights– inherited

2. Clergy – each manor had a priest

3. Free Men (Few) – had certain valuable skills – Blacksmith,etc.

- rented land from nobility

4. Serfs – peasants bound to the land

Serfs lived a hard life• Forced to work land they were born on

- farmed the Domain (1/3 of Land) for the lord: 1 or 2 days of week

- farmed land assigned to them(2/3)

paid taxes on what was produced

In exchange for protection in the Castle

• Denied Marriage or leaving land w/out consent of the lord

• Standard of living was very low

Manor in the Middle Ages Manor in the Middle Ages examplesexamples

The Medieval The Medieval Manor / p.362Manor / p.362The Medieval The Medieval Manor / p.362Manor / p.362

Life on the Life on the Medieval ManorMedieval Manor

Life on the Life on the Medieval ManorMedieval Manor

SerfsSerfs at at workwork

on the on the manormanor

Castles were the Castles were the best example of best example of

Power in the Power in the Medieval WorldMedieval World

Castles were the Castles were the best example of best example of

Power in the Power in the Medieval WorldMedieval World

Medieval Castle Medieval Castle – In France– In France

Medieval Castle Medieval Castle – In France– In France

Akershus Castle in OsloAkershus Castle in Oslo

View from the TopView from the Top

TrebuchetTrebuchet

Small modelSmall model

Making a Trebuchet

• Nova – 5 min Film / Two types of Nova – 5 min Film / Two types of TrebuchetsTrebuchets are shot at a stone wall are shot at a stone wall

-- accurate from about ¼ mile ---- accurate from about ¼ mile --

shot up to 500 pd. bouldersshot up to 500 pd. boulders

The Trebuchet ruled the Medieval The Trebuchet ruled the Medieval battlefield for more than 200 yearsbattlefield for more than 200 years

• The The CannonCannon Ultimately Ended the Age of Ultimately Ended the Age of the Castle & Feudalismthe Castle & Feudalism

The Roman Catholic ChurchThe Roman Catholic Church

Ch 13.4Ch 13.4

A Medieval A Medieval MonasteryMonasteryA Medieval A Medieval MonasteryMonastery

-Spread the word of God--Keep alive the memories of the past-

Illuminated Illuminated ManuscriptsManuscriptsIlluminated Illuminated ManuscriptsManuscripts

A Medieval A Medieval Monk’s DayMonk’s DayA Medieval A Medieval Monk’s DayMonk’s Day

The Medieval Catholic The Medieval Catholic ChurchChurch

The Medieval Catholic The Medieval Catholic ChurchChurch filled the power vacuum left from

the collapse of the classical world.

monasticism:

St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

(giving up free will) – No Speaking, etc

provided schools for the children of the upper class.(later Middle Ages)

inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.

libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.

monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

The Power of the The Power of the Medieval ChurchMedieval ChurchThe Power of the The Power of the Medieval ChurchMedieval Church bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.

the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.

tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat.

curb heresies crusades; Inquisition

tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.

Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

The Middle Age ChurchThe Middle Age ChurchFeudalism/Manor systemFeudalism/Manor system – fragmented Europe– fragmented Europe

The Church was the glue (stability)The Church was the glue (stability)

LATIN CHRISTIANDOMLATIN CHRISTIANDOM• Religious Events Marked a Person’s LifeReligious Events Marked a Person’s Life• Eventually the Church devised a uniform path Eventually the Church devised a uniform path

for all Christians to follow – for all Christians to follow – 7 7 SacramentsSacraments

1. 1. Baptism – enter church communityBaptism – enter church community

2. Holy Eucharist – communion2. Holy Eucharist – communion

3. Confirmation – church membership3. Confirmation – church membership

4. Penance – repentance of sins4. Penance – repentance of sins

5. Holy Orders – admitted to priesthood5. Holy Orders – admitted to priesthood

6. Matrimony – marriage6. Matrimony – marriage

7. Extreme Unction – anointing the sick/dying “last rights”7. Extreme Unction – anointing the sick/dying “last rights”

Beginning of Modern StatesBeginning of Modern States

• Ch 14.3 & .4Ch 14.3 & .4

• England absorbs waves of InvadersEngland absorbs waves of Invaders

• England’s evolving govt.England’s evolving govt.

• France / Capetian DynastyFrance / Capetian Dynasty

• The Hundred Years’ War / Joan of ArcThe Hundred Years’ War / Joan of Arc

Feudalism and the Mounted Knight comes to

England-Battle of Hastings 1066

Harold Godwinson

Angles & Saxons

William of

Normandy

William the William the Conqueror:Conqueror:

Battle of Hastings, Battle of Hastings, 10661066

(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)

William the William the Conqueror:Conqueror:

Battle of Hastings, Battle of Hastings, 10661066

(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)

Modern States EmergeModern States Emerge1.1. EnglandEngland – After the Norman Conquest – After the Norman Conquest

Kings begin to unify but lose their power to Kings begin to unify but lose their power to a Great Council of Nobles & The Churcha Great Council of Nobles & The Church

2.2. FranceFrance – Charlemagne's old land – Charlemagne's old land

Kings used a Council to control the Nobles Kings used a Council to control the Nobles & Clergy& Clergy

3.3. Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire – – German & Italy(800 yrs)German & Italy(800 yrs)

Power struggle between the Emperors & the Power struggle between the Emperors & the Clergy – power is divided(no one side wins)Clergy – power is divided(no one side wins)

Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System

Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System Henry I:

William’s son.

set up a court system.

Exchequer dept. of royal finances.

Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.

grand jury.

trial by jury.

Magna Carta, Magna Carta, 12151215

Magna Carta, Magna Carta, 12151215 King John IKing John I

Runnymeade

“Great Charter”

monarchs were not above the law.

kings had to consult a council of advisors.

kings could not tax arbitrarily.

The Beginnings of the The Beginnings of the British ParliamentBritish Parliament

The Beginnings of the The Beginnings of the British ParliamentBritish Parliament Great Council:

middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.

eventually called Parliament.

by 1400, two chambers evolved:

o House of Lords nobles & clergy.

o House of Commons knights and burgesses.

The Rise of The Rise of European European

Monarchies:Monarchies:

The Rise of The Rise of European European

Monarchies:Monarchies:

The Beginnings The Beginnings

of of

European European TransformationTransformation

Gothic Gothic Architectural Architectural

StyleStyle

Gothic Gothic Architectural Architectural

StyleStyle

Pointed arches.

High, narrow vaults.

Thinner walls.

Flying buttresses.

Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.

Stained-glass windows.

“Flying” Buttresses

Oxford Oxford UniversityUniversity

Oxford Oxford UniversityUniversity

Medieval Medieval UniversitiesUniversities

Medieval Medieval UniversitiesUniversities

Late Medieval Late Medieval Town DwellingsTown DwellingsLate Medieval Late Medieval

Town DwellingsTown Dwellings

Medieval GuildsMedieval GuildsMedieval GuildsMedieval Guilds

Guild Guild HallHall

Guild Guild HallHall

Commercial Monopoly- (Trade Associations)

Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman

Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].

Controlled prices

Medieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s ShopMedieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s Shop

Medieval Medieval TradeTrade

Medieval Medieval TradeTrade

Possible Three-Field SystemPossible Three-Field System

Film – Knights & ArmorFilm – Knights & Armor• Knights / William MarshallKnights / William Marshall• SquiresSquires• Tournaments Tournaments

Events -Events - Running of the RingsRunning of the Rings

JoustJoust

QuatrainQuatrain• CastlesCastles• Coat of Arms / Order of the GarterCoat of Arms / Order of the Garter• Chivalry (Chivalary)Chivalry (Chivalary)• King ArthurKing Arthur

Medieval Life & TimesMedieval Life & Timeshttp://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/index.htm Assignment: Assignment:

1. From within selected Topic pick 1. From within selected Topic pick two sub categories two sub categories for your paperfor your paperEx. – Medieval Clothing /Ex. – Medieval Clothing /Chain Mail & Hair Styles Chain Mail & Hair Styles

2. Discuss or Define its purpose2. Discuss or Define its purpose

3. Compare or Contrast to Modern Times3. Compare or Contrast to Modern Times

4. 4. Short Presentation to Class Short Presentation to Class