Medieval Art/Architecture This time period was broken down into 3 Periods: This time period was broken down into 3 Periods: 1) Early Medieval Art 475-1050

Medieval Medieval Art/ArchitectureArt/Architecture

This time period was broken down into 3 Periods:This time period was broken down into 3 Periods:

1)1) Early Medieval Art 475-1050 AD Early Medieval Art 475-1050 AD

2)2) Romanesque Art 1050-1300 AD Romanesque Art 1050-1300 AD

3)3) Gothic Art 1150-1500 AD (Gets its own chapter) Gothic Art 1150-1500 AD (Gets its own chapter)


1)1) The Middle Ages was also known as the “Dark The Middle Ages was also known as the “Dark Ages”Ages”

2)2) During this time, many things about modern During this time, many things about modern times were born:times were born:a) Parliamentary governmenta) Parliamentary governmentb) Common Lawb) Common Lawc) Present day languagec) Present day languaged) Modern nation statesd) Modern nation states


3)3) The church became VERY important during this time period The church became VERY important during this time period

4)4) Charles the Great also known as Charles the Great also known as Charlemagne Charlemagne was largely was largely responsible for the great accomplishments during the responsible for the great accomplishments during the Carolingian dynasty.Carolingian dynasty.a) Became the 1st of the Holy Roman Emperorsa) Became the 1st of the Holy Roman Emperorsb) He encouraged learning and the artsb) He encouraged learning and the artsc) Students learned math, grammar and psalms.c) Students learned math, grammar and psalms.d) His greatest achievement was preserving ancient d) His greatest achievement was preserving ancient manuscripts.manuscripts.

5)5) FeudalismFeudalism:: was a system in which weak noblemen gave up their was a system in which weak noblemen gave up their lands and much of their freedom to more powerful lords in lands and much of their freedom to more powerful lords in return for protection. return for protection.


http://www.history.com/topics/charlemagne/videos#the-reign-of-charlemagne

http://www.history.com/topics/charlemagne/videos#origins-of-the-knights-templar


Churches and MonasteriesChurches and Monasteries1)1) Many of the churches were designed after Roman Many of the churches were designed after Roman

models. models. **The Roman civic basilica continued to **The Roman civic basilica continued to be the popular type of structure for religious be the popular type of structure for religious regionsregions..

2)2) Some changes were made to the old style of the Some changes were made to the old style of the basilicas. For example:basilicas. For example:a) A a) A TranseptTransept: : was added. was added. This was another aisle This was another aisle that cut directly across the nave and side aisles.that cut directly across the nave and side aisles.

3)3) Most of the churches built during this time were Most of the churches built during this time were made of wood so they no longer exist.made of wood so they no longer exist.


Churches and Monasteries Churches and Monasteries 4)4) MonasticismMonasticism: : This is a way of life in which This is a way of life in which

individuals gathered together to spend their days in individuals gathered together to spend their days in prayer and self-denial.prayer and self-denial. This became important This became important during this time.during this time.

5)5) Architecture/structures of Monasteries:Architecture/structures of Monasteries:a) Outside Look: Thick stone walls and small a) Outside Look: Thick stone walls and small windowswindowsb) Inside Look: Damp, dark, torches for lighting, b) Inside Look: Damp, dark, torches for lighting, arched doorways and cloisters.arched doorways and cloisters.

6)6) CloisterCloister: : an open court or garden and the covered an open court or garden and the covered walkway surrounding it.walkway surrounding it.


Manuscript IlluminationManuscript Illumination1)1) This style of art captures this time period This style of art captures this time period

perfectlyperfectly2)2) Until the printing press was invented Until the printing press was invented

(Renaissance time), ALL books were copied by (Renaissance time), ALL books were copied by hand.hand.

3)3) It was usually done by monks in monasteries. It was usually done by monks in monasteries.


Manuscript IlluminationManuscript Illumination

4)4) Monks used sliver, gold and other rich colors to paint these- Monks used sliver, gold and other rich colors to paint these- Illumination Manuscript paintings.Illumination Manuscript paintings.

5)5) The monks brought inspiration and skill to their work. The monks brought inspiration and skill to their work.6)6) Through out this period, manuscripts of the Gospels were Through out this period, manuscripts of the Gospels were

illustrated. Symbols were used so the reader could identify each illustrated. Symbols were used so the reader could identify each of the Gospel writers.of the Gospel writers.a) Matthew- Angela) Matthew- Angelb) Mark-Lionb) Mark-Lionc) Luke-Bullc) Luke-Bulld) John-Eagle d) John-Eagle

**Ex. The painting of St. Matthew (Carolingian Manuscript) pg. 3**Ex. The painting of St. Matthew (Carolingian Manuscript) pg. 3


Manuscript IlluminationManuscript Illumination

7)7) The church was the center of this time period, the The church was the center of this time period, the importance of these manuscripts was to get the message of importance of these manuscripts was to get the message of faith across.faith across.

a) Written part was for those who could read.a) Written part was for those who could read.

b) Illustrated part was for those who couldn’t read.b) Illustrated part was for those who couldn’t read.

8)8) Artist’s also expressed these religious messages through Artist’s also expressed these religious messages through carvings and reliefs.carvings and reliefs.


Romanesque PeriodRomanesque Period****The Romanesque was especially apparent in the architecture.The Romanesque was especially apparent in the architecture.

1) 1) Feudalism Feudalism became very important during this time became very important during this time period:period:

a)a) Land was the only source of wealth and power. Land was the only source of wealth and power.

b)b) Land was very limited. Land was very limited.

c)c) Nobles, lords and kings fought constantly over land. Nobles, lords and kings fought constantly over land.

d)d) Because of the limited land, fighting, etc. this caused Because of the limited land, fighting, etc. this caused many of the nobles, lords, etc. to build castles.many of the nobles, lords, etc. to build castles.


Romanesque Romanesque PeriodPeriod

2) 2) CastlesCastles were considered “TOWERS OF were considered “TOWERS OF STONE” consisting of towers, walls, moats, and STONE” consisting of towers, walls, moats, and drawbridges.drawbridges.

**Castles although were NOT pleasant places to **Castles although were NOT pleasant places to live!!!live!!!


Romanesque CastlesRomanesque Castles**There were SEVERAL reasons why life in a castle was so hard:**There were SEVERAL reasons why life in a castle was so hard:

a)a) The main purpose was for defense NOT living. The main purpose was for defense NOT living.

b)b) There were NO windows-The outer walls had only slots. There were NO windows-The outer walls had only slots.

c)c) Stairs were very steep. Stairs were very steep.

d)d) Passage ways were dark and narrow. Passage ways were dark and narrow.

e)e) Rooms were always drafty and were sparsely furnished or Rooms were always drafty and were sparsely furnished or decorated.decorated.


Romanesque CastlesRomanesque Castles

f)f) The only warmth came from fireplaces, and the The only warmth came from fireplaces, and the largest fireplace was always located in the Great largest fireplace was always located in the Great Hall.Hall.g)g) Great Hall was where the family gathered and Great Hall was where the family gathered and meals were served here.meals were served here.h)h) One type of simple decoration that was used One type of simple decoration that was used often was often was Tapestries:Tapestries: are textile wall hangings that are textile wall hangings that were woven, painted or embroidered with colorful were woven, painted or embroidered with colorful scenes. scenes. *They were also used to keep out the dampness.*They were also used to keep out the dampness.


Romanesque CastlesRomanesque Castles

Medieval Medieval Art/ArchitectureArt/Architecture Growth of CitiesGrowth of Cities

1)1) Soon the growth of trade and industry brought about Soon the growth of trade and industry brought about and economy based on and no longer on land so castles and economy based on and no longer on land so castles became outdated, because cities began to emerge.became outdated, because cities began to emerge.

2)2) These cities still needed protection so they constructed These cities still needed protection so they constructed barricades that were 1barricades that were 1stst constructed of wood but were constructed of wood but were later replaced by stone barricades.later replaced by stone barricades.


Growth of CitiesGrowth of Cities

3)3) A great example of this type of city with A great example of this type of city with protection, is the historic city of protection, is the historic city of Avila of Spain.Avila of Spain.

* It was considered one of the most ambitious * It was considered one of the most ambitious military constructions of the Middle Ages.military constructions of the Middle Ages.

4)4) Soon space within these cities became crowded so Soon space within these cities became crowded so buildings were built higher and sometimes up to 7 buildings were built higher and sometimes up to 7 stories!stories!


Romanesque ChurchesRomanesque Churches**ALL of these new cities had something in **ALL of these new cities had something in

common: At the center of EACH city was a common: At the center of EACH city was a church.church.

1) The church increased its influence on the 1) The church increased its influence on the daily lives of people.daily lives of people.

2) During this period, the churches were 2) During this period, the churches were richly decorated and this was because it richly decorated and this was because it was a testimony of the power of the church.was a testimony of the power of the church.


Romanesque ChurchesRomanesque Churches

3)3) Pilgrimages became huge during this time period. Pilgrimages became huge during this time period.a)a) Pilgrimage:Pilgrimage: is a journey to a holy place. is a journey to a holy place.b)b) These journeys were a visible sign of religious These journeys were a visible sign of religious devotion.devotion.

4)4) The pilgrimage route was/ran from southern France The pilgrimage route was/ran from southern France to northern Spain. to northern Spain. a)a) Along this route many churches were constructed. Along this route many churches were constructed.

5)5) The traditional Roman Basilica plan was used BUT The traditional Roman Basilica plan was used BUT the churches were made larger to be able to hold the churches were made larger to be able to hold great #’s of people/pilgrims.great #’s of people/pilgrims.


Romanesque ChurchesRomanesque Churches


Romanesque ChurchesRomanesque Churches6)6) Modifications were made to these churches, Modifications were made to these churches,

primarily to increase the size of the church. primarily to increase the size of the church.

a) Both the a) Both the NaveNave and and Transept Transept were extended and were extended and added 2 more aisles, one on each side.added 2 more aisles, one on each side.

7)7) A new addition to these churches was an A new addition to these churches was an AmbulatoryAmbulatory: An aisle curving around behind the : An aisle curving around behind the main altar.main altar.

a) This made it easier for pilgrims to process a) This made it easier for pilgrims to process through the church.through the church.


Romanesque ChurchesRomanesque Churches8)8) To accommodate the many priests who gave mass To accommodate the many priests who gave mass

everyday at these churches, additional altars were everyday at these churches, additional altars were also placed in small curved chapels along the also placed in small curved chapels along the transept and ambulatory.transept and ambulatory.

9)9) Using a series of round arches to construct a Using a series of round arches to construct a barrel vaultbarrel vault, thick solid walls and pillars for , thick solid walls and pillars for support was the typical architecture of these support was the typical architecture of these churches.churches.


The Church of Saint Sernin in ToulouseThe Church of Saint Sernin in Toulouse

**France was where the Romanesque style **France was where the Romanesque style reached its peak and this church STRONGLY reached its peak and this church STRONGLY illustrates that.illustrates that.

OutsideOutside InsideInside

1)1) Appears Large Appears Large 1)1) Spacious Spacious

2)2) Solid Solid 2)2) Dark, gloomy Dark, gloomy

3)3) Reminds viewers Reminds viewers 3)3) Has a wide Has a wide NaveNave

of a castleof a castle


The Church of Saint Sernin in ToulouseThe Church of Saint Sernin in ToulouseOutsideOutside InsideInside

4)4) Massive walls Massive walls 4)4) 2 aisles 2 aisles

5)5) Small windows Small windows 5)5) Majestic arcade of arches Majestic arcade of arches

6)6) Durable Durable leading from the main entrance to the leading from the main entrance to the altaraltar

6)6) Rounded ceiling of the Rounded ceiling of the Barrel VaultBarrel Vault

7)7) The Layout of the church The Layout of the church

creates a cross.creates a cross.

8)8) The Nave, side aisles, transept, apse The Nave, side aisles, transept, apse and Ambulatory is identifiable and Ambulatory is identifiable


The Church of Saint Sernin in ToulouseThe Church of Saint Sernin in Toulouse


SculpturesSculptures1)1) Many of the churches located along the Many of the churches located along the

Pilgrimage routes used Pilgrimage routes used Relief SculpturesRelief Sculptures as a as a method to teach the faith.method to teach the faith.

**This was because many people during this time **This was because many people during this time were illiterate.were illiterate.

2)2) Many of these relief sculptures were stories from Many of these relief sculptures were stories from Scripture.Scripture.


SculpturesSculptures3) 2 VERY important locations in and outside the church for 3) 2 VERY important locations in and outside the church for

these relief sculptures were:these relief sculptures were:

A)A) TympanumTympanum=the ½ round panel that fills the space between =the ½ round panel that fills the space between the lintel and the arch over the doorway of the church.the lintel and the arch over the doorway of the church.

1)1) Most people when they entered the church naturally Most people when they entered the church naturally looked up, so this was a great location for relief sculptures.looked up, so this was a great location for relief sculptures.

2)2) The Tympanum was set up in a manor where a The Tympanum was set up in a manor where a major subject (Ex. Christ) was placed in the center and major subject (Ex. Christ) was placed in the center and smaller subjects (apostles, etc.) on either side.smaller subjects (apostles, etc.) on either side.

3)3) Many Tympanums displayed the Last Judgement Many Tympanums displayed the Last Judgement


TympanumTympanum


SculptureSculpture3)3) 2 VERY important locations in and outside the church for 2 VERY important locations in and outside the church for

these relief sculptures were: (Continued)these relief sculptures were: (Continued)

B)B) The capitols of the columns inside the church contained The capitols of the columns inside the church contained relief sculptures as well.relief sculptures as well.


SculptureSculpture4)4) It was very important to fit as many stories as It was very important to fit as many stories as

possible into the spaces available on the front of possible into the spaces available on the front of these churches. these churches.

Ex. Santa Maria in Sanguesa, SpainEx. Santa Maria in Sanguesa, Spain

5)5) Many of these scenes/stories were about saints, Many of these scenes/stories were about saints, Mary, Christ, and angels.Mary, Christ, and angels.


SculptureSculpture6)6) Inside these churches and in the cloisters contained many Inside these churches and in the cloisters contained many

of these relief sculptures as well.of these relief sculptures as well.

Ex.Ex. The Capitols of the columns The Capitols of the columns

a)a) Many of these sculptures included biblical scenes, Many of these sculptures included biblical scenes, human figures, birds and animals.human figures, birds and animals.

b)b) Many sculptors who were apprentices started with Many sculptors who were apprentices started with carving these columns and then eventually moved up to carving these columns and then eventually moved up to larger sculptures.larger sculptures.

7)7) They used creative ways on interpreting religious stories, They used creative ways on interpreting religious stories, etc. etc. (pg.325)(pg.325)


PaintingsPaintings1) 1) Large wall paintings were done during this Large wall paintings were done during this

time period along with the relief sculpturestime period along with the relief sculptures2) 2) There were particular areas/spaces in which There were particular areas/spaces in which

these paintings were placed.these paintings were placed.3) 3) They resembled the manuscript Illumination They resembled the manuscript Illumination

style:style:a)a) Bold use of line Bold use of lineb)b) Brilliant colors Brilliant colorsc)c) Sensitive feeling for pattern Sensitive feeling for pattern


PaintingsPaintings4) 4) Many of these paintings shared similar Many of these paintings shared similar

qualities:qualities:a)a) Artists were mostly concerned with easy to Artists were mostly concerned with easy to understand religious symbols.understand religious symbols.b)b) Easy to read messages Easy to read messagesc)c) Flat looking images Flat looking imagesd)d) Colorful shapes Colorful shapese)e) Bold use of lines Bold use of lines


PaintingsPaintings

Documents

Medieval Art/Architecture This time period was broken down into 3 Periods: This time period was broken down into 3 Periods: 1) Early Medieval Art 475-1050