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HAUNTED CLASS WORKS ON PRESERVATION P. 3American Studies professors take students on a field trip to the cemetery.

OSOYAMI: THE BEST SLIDERS ON THE ISLANDFEATURES P. 8

UH scientist Axel Lehrer spearheads the struggle to create an accessible Ebola vaccine P.2

Med school leadsEBOLA FIGHT

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MONDAY, JUNE 15, 2015 KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE

news@kaleo.org@kaleoohawaii

Courtney TeagueNews Editor

Shiwani JohnsonAssociate News Editor

02

NEWS

MASON HIGASTAFF WRITER

A University of Hawai‘ i assistant professor is still working to push past obstacles with his creation of a heat-tolerant Ebola vaccine.

Dr. Axel Lehrer, assistant profes-sor at the John A. Burns School of Medicine (JABSOM), is working with Hawaii Biotech (HBI), a local bio-technology company, and Solige-nix, a mainland biopharmaceutical company, to produce a vaccine that woudld protect against the Zaire ebolavirus, the species of Ebola that caused the 2014 outbreak in West Africa.

Lehrer said that funding is the biggest obstacle in the way of clin-ical trials. He estimates that he will need about $3-5 million to start testing the effectiveness of the vac-cine on humans.

Currently, his Ebola vaccine has been shown to work in mice, guinea pigs and non-human pri-mates. However, this does not mean that it is guaranteed to be successful in humans.

If the vaccine is proven to be safe and effective for humans, Lehrer wants to ensure that this will benefi t all people who are at risk and need protection from the Ebola virus.

“There’s also that common say-ing, ‘mice lie,’ because you get a certain result in mice and then you go to humans and it does not always go the same way,” Lehrer said. “Ultimately, we don’t know. It could be more or less immunogenic in humans.”

Lehrer also needs to determine if his and the other National Insti-tutes of Health (NIH) candidates’ vaccines might cause a risk for a secondary infection with a differ-ent species of Ebola virus.

“That’s why we have so much more research to do to really understand how these fi loviruses work,” Lehrer said.

PARTNERING UP“This partnership will leverage

the research capability and the expertise in tropical medicine here at JABSOM with HBI’s experience in developing commercially viable vaccines against viruses that infect humans,” said Dr. Vivek Nerurkar, chair of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology at JABSOM in a statement.

Dr. Elliot Parks, CEO of HBI, said his company’s extensive experience in vaccine-development would be a major asset in Lehrer’s quest to create a new Ebola vaccine.

Soligenix will work on giving the vaccine the ability to be stored without needing constant refrig-eration, which is a process called thermostabilization. According to the World Health Organization, 50 percent of vaccine doses worldwide end up being spoiled from higher temperatures.

“As far as I have control, I will make sure that future partner-ing and licensing agreements will always keep in mind the aspect of access for all,” Lehrer said.

WORKING WITHOUT EBOLALehrer’s vaccine contains no live

virus, unlike other Ebola vaccines that are currently being tested by the NIH. The other candidate vac-cines use a weakened virus to provoke the immune system into building up protection.

Lehrer’s vaccine will draw from the identifying tags on the outside of the Ebola virus called surface glycoproteins. Cultivating tissues that have been made to express these particular proteins, or anti-gens, Lehrer purifi es and uses them as the key ingredient.

“It is nothing else than a tiny, lit-tle amount of a high quality pro-tein, and our body is exposed to that all the time, everyday,” Leh-rer said.

As the Ebola virus needs these tags to enter and infect a cell, blocking them will block the virus as well. In this way, the vaccine is able to teach the immune system to keep the virus out without intro-

ducing the virus itself into the body.Lehrer’s vaccine can also be

used for each booster dose that isneeded to maintain the protection. In comparison, another NIH-candi-date vaccine cannot be used againon a patient, which means that dif-ferent booster vaccines need to be developed.

In addition, Lehrer is trying to develop another vaccine to address not just Zaire ebolavirus, but the Sudan and Marburg viruses aswell. He is currently balancing the immune system’s response to thethree different antigens and hopesto test for effectiveness in the next several months.

LAB LIFEThe research environment that

Lehrer works in is not so differentfrom an undergraduate lab, partic-ularly for organic chemistry.

“Most of organic chemistry is actually purifi cation, and that’s the same when you do antigen produc-tion,” Lehrer said.

The main difference lies in thematerials that students and Leh-rer work with. Organic chemistry involves many potentially danger-ous solvents, whereas Lehrer works with sensitive DNA and tissue cul-tures that need to be kept free of any contaminants.

“Here, we need to protect the things we work with from us,” he said.

Lehrer enjoys pushing theboundaries with the research thathe does. Ten years ago, he had notexpected his fi rst data with the vaccine to show effi cacy. Scien-tifi c papers published in the 1990s stated that subunit vaccines like his would not work on the Ebola virus.

“The joy in that is really to bring something that is safe and effec-tive,” Lehrer said. “Biomedical research ... is not something where you get rich. But, it is something that is fulfi lling because you know that you’re doing your job in making the world a safer and better place.”

Battling barriers in Ebola vaccineDespite encountering challenges, the effort continues

UH MED / FLICKR

As of June 9, there have been 11,178 deaths from the Ebola virus since December 2013.

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MONDAY, JUNE 15, 2015KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE 03

NEWSnews@kaleo.org@kaleoohawaii

Courtney TeagueNews Editor

Shiwani JohnsonAssociate News Editor

SHIWANI JOHNSONASSOCIATE NEWS EDITOR

Over a two-week period, stu-dents worked with the University of Hawai‘ i at Mānoa’s American Stud-ies department to preserve some of O‘ahu’s cemeteries through a his-toric preservation program.

Project participants worked at cemeteries such as Ma‘ema‘e Chapel Cemetery in Nu‘uanu and Pauoa Hawaiian Cemetery in Punchbowl to record tombstone data, took photos of markers and mapped graveyards. The project started June 1, with a Historic Cem-etery Preservation and Commu-nity Capacity Building workshop as a type of orientation for students and community members partici-pating in the project, according to UH Mānoa Historic Preservation Program’s Facebook page.

“In Hawai‘ i, there have been a handful of community-based cem-etery restoration projects over the last 20 years, but this is the only one that has brought together both the general community and students from any college or uni-versity,” said Nanette Napoleon, director of the Hawai‘ i Cemetery Research Project.

STUDENTS PRESERVING HISTORY

Preservation and history experts

Richard Miller of Kalaupapa National Historic Park, as well as Noelle Kahanu and Bill Chapman of UH Mānoa’s American Studies department are using his or her set of skills to help the diverse group students take away something spe-cial from this project.

For example, Miller, known in part for his work gravesite pres-ervation efforts at the historic leprosy exile site in Kalaupapa, Moloka‘ i, taught students different techniques for dealing with tomb-stone preservation.

Different types of stones develop

growths, said Chapman, and granite tombstones develop a green-grey growth called lichen. Miller taught students to clean the growths on granite, marble and limestone tombstones.

“My responsibilities for this proj-ect were to teach the students how to record tombstone inscription data, how to take photos of mark-ers, how to map a graveyard, and

how to put all the data together to create a viable burial index and map,” Napoleon said.

According to Chapman, graduate students from the departments of Architecture, American Studies and more all signed up for the three credit summer course. The class is usually a month long, versus the two weeks that are being offered this year, as part of the course offerings for Historic Preserva-tion Certifi cate within the graduate American Studies program.

“Having students with various [training] disciplines such as archi-

tecture, American history, and archaeology has really made a big impact on the quality of the work being done,” Napoleon said. “It has greatly exceeded my expectations, and I feel grateful to have been able to work with these students.”

Chapman said that he is happy to see that students from all differ-ent fi elds interested in the preser-vation of Hawai‘ i’s history.

CONTRIBUTING TO ARCHIVESAccording to UH News, UH Mānoa

students and preservation experts, alongside other community mem-bers, are also documenting the information they fi nd on the tomb-stones and putting it in archives.

The information found in burial records, such as those of the Kau-makapili Church or those provided by the state, are not always easy to use or access. The names, dates and history recorded on tomb-stones and gravesites can be bene-fi cial to archives and burial records such as those.

Chapman said that the data col-lected from students will be added to the burial records at Kamauka-pili Church and depending on the situation, a copy will be given to the state for its own archives.

“The fi nal burial records and maps created [from the project] will

greatly enhance the public’s abil-ity to fi nd [and] search for ancestral burial sites,” Napoleon said.

At cemeteries like Ma‘ema‘e Chapel Cemetery, a large portion of the tombstones belong to Native Hawaiians and other families with deep ties to the area, according to UH News. Some of the older grave-stones date back to the second half of the 19th century. Through their fi eld work, students can develop a deep connection to and apprecia-tion of the community.

According to Chapman, his col-league, Kahanu, has ties to one of the cemeteries the preservation project is working on. Chapman said that community histories can be found in cemeteries and Kah-anu named the Ma‘ema‘e Chapel Cemetery as having examples of people who were born and died in Nu‘uanu area.

TOM LINDERSTAFF WRITER

A team of scientists, led by Uni-versity of Hawai‘ i at Mānoa geo-physics professor Ryan Ogliore, released a study using material returned from NASA’s Stardust mission to better understand the building blocks of our solar system.

“This study he’s done is the fi rst in the world,” Kazu Nagashima, Ogliore’s colleague, said.

The study, published in collab-oration with a team at University of California-Berkeley in April’s edition of Geochimica et Cosmo-chimica Acta, found that dust and rocks collected from the comet were much more diverse than sci-entists previously thought, leading to potential explanations how the solar system started.

STARDUST MISSIONNASA’s Stardust fl yby mission of

comet Wild 2 used spacecraft to

collect particles from the comet’s tail in a low density silica aerogel while moving at about six kilome-ters per second. These particles were then returned to Earth, where Ogliore and his colleagues at UH Mānoa, Nagashima and Gary Huss, could study them.

“The Stardust mission was a sample return mission. When Star-dust was launched, we didn’t really have any return samples from space since the Apollo missions,” Ogliore said.

According to Ogliore, the comet is comprised of a vastly diverse range of material.

“To get the diversity that we saw in the comet, we would need oxygen that’s consistent with the sun and also consistent with these exotic objects that we see in all these dif-ferent meteorite classes,” he said.

The dust and rocks couldn’t have been made in the same way, yet were found next to each other.

“This really primitive stuff and

ice is sitting right next to an igne-ous rock, within a millimeter. These things have had such dramati-cally different history, and they’re together in the comet right now,” Ogliore said.

Determining the composition of the small, microscopic dust from the comet turned out to be a chal-lenge for Ogliore and his team.

“[The small dust] is so small and it’s so mixed with that silica aero-gel that we collected it in that most people have given up on analyzing it. They thought, ‘Well it’s lost,’” he said.

Ogliore’s team worked with a group at UC Berkeley to come up with innovative techniques to examine tiny dust from the comet. According to Nagashima, who was responsible for operating the machine that analyzed the so called lost samples, the tiny sample size required a better focus of the beam of ions as well as optimizing the collecting effi ciency.

“Our main instrument is called

the ion microprobe,” Nagashima said. “I use high energy ions to make a hole in the sample, in the scale of microns, then excavate some materials from the sample, then analyze the isotopes.”

EXPLAINING THE FINDINGSDiscovering immensely different

materials right next to each other led to two different explanations as to how the comet could have been constructed.

The fi rst explanation compares the life of the comet to a garbage collector in the solar system, col-lecting an enormously diverse range of material from different places throughout the solar sys-tem during its creation.

However, Ogliore believes a second explanation is more likely to be true.

“The second situation is that this isn’t stuff from the inner solar sys-tem,” Ogliore said. “This is primi-tive dust that never saw the inner solar system that was out near

the comet, and this really is those primitive building blocks that we thought the entire comet would be made out of.”

NEW POSSIBILITIESOgliore hopes to fi nd new ways

to analyze the material in order to answer how the comet was con-structed, as well as questions about Earth’s history.

“People wonder how Earth has as much water as it does … Earth formed too close to the sun to have as much water as it does,” Ogliore said. “So it’s speculated that water is delivered either by asteroids or com-ets … It’s kind of an unsolved prob-lem, but it’s an important problem.”

Ogliore is excited about the new technology being developed at UH Mānoa in this fi eld. Previously, studies like this needed to be done off island.

“Pretty soon we’ll be able to do that here at UH, so we can kind of do the full spectrum of stuff,” Ogliore said.

UH Mānoa students preserve cemeteries

Revisiting NASA’s Stardust mission

Having students with various [training] disciplines ... has really made a big impact on the quality of the work being done.

– NANETTE NAPOLEON HAWAI‘I CEMETERY RESEARCH PROJECT DIRECTOR

UH SYSTEM / FLICKR

Data gathered from tombstones contributed to the Kaumakapili burial records.

Multidiciplanary approach saves O‘ahu’s history one tombstone at a time

K a L e o O H a w a i ‘ i

MONDAY, JUNE 15, 2015 KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE

opinions@kaleo.org@kaleoopinions

Pavel StankovOpinions Editor

04

OPINIONS

JESSICA HENAOSTAFF WRITER

The United States has one of the largest active military forces in the world. Our country has been fi ght-ing wars from its fi rst days and through the “military interventions” of the present.

Our military industrial complex is not a force for good because of its effects on people’s mental health and the country’s economy. It trains people in aggression, which causes trouble in their personal lives. The current PTSD epidemic among vet-erans is due to the American cul-ture of militarism and interventions in recent confl icts.

HUMANS AND AGGRESSION Americans don’t just wake up

and decide to go to war; they are trained to do so by the U.S. military

industry. But militarism is part of our culture because it’s a mindset and a lifestyle.

From the upbringing of a person until that person enlists in the mil-itary, aggression is closely related to access to weapons. The comfort of going hunting and killing animals carries over to decisions about going to a shooting range for “fun,” and fi nally to facility with shooting another human being.

The so-called “weapons effect” is an established fi nd of social psy-chology. A classic 1977 study dis-covered that a revolver placed as an environmental cue close to an angered person automatically stim-ulates aggressive thoughts and actions. The results have been rep-licated again and again.

Let’s analyze the U.S. military in relation to these studies. Give peo-ple weapons, train them to have

hostile attitude to the opposing side and that they are fi ghting for their country, and the result is the institu-tionalized violence of jingoism.

JINGOISM AND ITS EFFECTS ON SOCIETY

The Oxford English Dictionary defi nes jingoism as the “extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy.” Jingoism not only informs U.S. politics, but it also pervades our entire culture, which can have unwelcome consequences.

Take for example the story of ex-Navy SEAL Chris Kyle, consid-ered the most lethal sniper in U.S. history for having logged 150 con-fi rmed kills during his duty tours in Iraq. The fi lm “American Sniper” was based on Kyle’s autobiograph-ical story portraying the effects of

jingoism: his mindset was to defend American soldiers from Iraqi fi ght-ers using violence.

He took this comfort with vio-lence home. After returning from service, Kyle believed that tak-ing friends who suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to a shooting range would relieve their condition.

It was at a shooting range where Kyle was killed with his own gun in

2013 by U.S. Marine Corps veteran and friend Eddie Ray Routh – who also suffered from PSTD. In reaction to Kyle’s death, republican presi-dential candidate and opponent to the Iraq War Ron Paul tweeted cal-lously, “he who lives by the sword dies by the sword.”

INCREASING PTSD EPIDEMIC According to the National Insti-

tutes of Health (NIH) and the Friends of the National Library of Medicine, PSTD affects about 7.7 million American adults, although the disorder can affect all ages. Members of the military exposed to combat are at high risk for devel-oping PTSD, which is often accom-panied by depression, substance abuse, or other anxiety disorders.

NIH reports that PSTD has affected almost 31 percent of Viet-

nam veterans, 10 percent from those in the Gulf War, 11 percent of veterans of the war in Afghanistan and 20 percent of Iraq War veterans.

The solution to preventing PSTD is to prevent actions that may result in violence; this may include banning gun ownership. Accord-ing to Pew Research Center, there are about 210 million to 317 mil-lion guns in the U.S. – close to one fi rearm for every man, woman and

child. 37 percent say that they or someone they know owns one.

INVISIBLE WARNon-profi t and non-partisan

National Priorities Project esti-mates that in fi scal year 2015 mil-itary spending will be $598.5 billion and will account for 54 percent ofall federal discretionary spend-ing. Though the military budget isimmense, other issues like home-lessness and poverty are neglected.

According to the State of Home-lessness in America 2014, “on a sin-gle night in January 2013, 610,042 people were experiencing home-lessness,” out of whom 7.3 percent were veterans.

Despite that, many warmon-gers believe that the fi ght is for their country, but it’s really for the agenda of the U.S. military-indus-trial complex. Its victims are those caught up in between, the innocent, the destroyed countries and cities.

The military-industrial complex excuses violence with a “fi ght for our country” and does not see the dam-age it causes to humanity. People’s lives are put on the line and many wounded veterans today are rejected from society after being used by the government. Injustices like those are happening everyday in the U.S.

Instead of marching with machin-ery in our hands and the American fl ag posted in our hearts, we should work to solve the problems before us. Once the U.S. prioritizes its issues and sets aside agendas, peace and prosperity can be restored.

TOMOKI KOBAYASHISTAFF WRITER

On the grounds of McKinley High School there is a statue of the school’s namesake, President William McKinley, that is degrad-ing to Hawai‘ i and its people. The scroll in the statue’s right hand is marked as “Treaty of Annexation,” which is a document that doesn’t exist. Hawai‘ i was illegally annexed to the U.S. through a joint resolu-tion, known as the Newlands Res-olution. A resolution is an act of Congress that has no legal power in a foreign country like the Repub-lic of Hawai‘ i at the time.

The very naming of McKinley High School after the president who signed the resolution of annex-ation is problematic. If the idea is to name it after somebody to honor his or her role in Hawaiian history, it should be McKinley alumnus and

Medal of Honor recipient, former U.S. Sen. Daniel Inouye.

THE LOGISTICS OF THE ‘ANNEXATION’This is not the fi rst time McKin-

ley High School has been criti-cized over the statue. In 2011, the State of Hawai‘ i House Commit-tee on Hawaiian Affairs requested the removal of the words “Treaty of Annexation” from the statue with the unsuccessful bill HR258. In 2013, Windward Community College lec-turer Keanu Sai also pointed out the statue’s historical inaccuracy.

“The only way to acquire the sov-ereignty and territory of another country is through a treaty, which is an agreement between two coun-tries,” said Sai, who has a Ph.D. in Political Science from UH Mānoa, in an email interview.

Sai outlined the three-step process: negotiation, ratifi cation from each side and exchange of ratifi cations

between the sides. None of this hap-pened in the annexation of Hawai‘i.

Instead, there were two failed attempts for a treaty. The fi rst one was after the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893; President Cleveland stopped the process on the grounds of it being a “lawless occupation.” The second was under the pro-annexation McKinley in 1897. The Senate halted the move because of a 556-page petition con-taining 21,269 signatures from the Hawaiian Patriotic League protest-ing the annexation.

With the breakout of the Span-ish-American War in 1898, however, the U.S. reconsidered its decision. The war, part of which was fought in the Philippines, brought to light the stra-tegic value of the Hawaiian Islands as a mid-Pacifi c fueling station.

Having failed to pass the annex-ation through a treaty, which would require a 2/3-majority vote to ratify,

Congress turned to a joint resolu-tion drafted by Congressman Fran-cis Newlands.

“The problem is that a joint reso-lution is not a treaty,” Sai said. “The U.S. Congress could no more annex Hawai‘ i in 1898 then it could pass a joint resolution of annexation of Canada today. U.S. laws have no force beyond U.S. territory.”

The joint resolution ignored the fact that the Republic of Hawai‘ i was a sovereign state that held a set of governing institutions over a defi nite territory and population. On July 7, 1898, Hawai‘ i became a victim of unlawful acquisition.

MCKINLEY HIGH SCHOOL AND THE STATUE

In 1907 the Territory of Hawai‘ i administration named Honolulu High School “President William McKinley High School” and com-missioned the $8,000 statue.

Students today don’t seem to know much about their school’s namesake. Lise Michelle, one of the 2014 graduates said that the curriculum doesn’t cover much about who William McKinley was or how he was relevant to Hawai‘ i; the president is usually referenced for extra-credit points on quizzes.

The High School Administration was not able to answer questions about the statue and the state Department of Education didn’t respond to an inquiry about it.

Although respecting traditions is certainly admirable, following them blindly and without understanding their meaning can be offensive to others. It is controversial that there is a public high school named after Wil-liam McKinley in Hawai‘i, a nation ille-gally annexed under his command.

What do you think?Let us know @KaLeoOpinions

MIRSASHA / FLICKR

Demonstrators marched in protest of the Iraq War in downtown Austin, Texas.

JASON HONG / KA LEO O HAWAI‘I

McKinley High School was originally established as the Fort Street English Day School in 1865.

The American military machine The American military machine abuses human lifeabuses human life

Culture of war

The current PTSD epidemic among veterans is due to the American culture of militarism and interventions in recent confl icts.

McKinley High School gets history wrongName the school after alumnus Dan Inouye

K a L e o O H a w a i ‘ i

MONDAY, JUNE 15, 2015KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE 05

OPINIONSopinions@kaleo.org@kaleoopinions

Pavel StankovOpinions Editor

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EMPLOYMENT

SPENCER LOWESTAFF WRITER

On May 29, the Texas state leg-islature approved a bill allowing the open carry of fi rearms for any-one with a concealed carry permit. Meanwhile in Hawai‘ i, the future of gun laws is still uncertain. In March 2014, Hawai‘ i’s May-Issue gun laws were deemed unconstitutional by the 9th Circuit Court. Currently, however, the law remains in effect while the ruling is appealed.

No one wants to see Hawai‘ i go to the extremes of the new Texas bill, but the circuit court ruling should stand. New leg-islature based on it would put Hawai‘ i gun law at the sweet spot of adherence to the constitution and safety. As the state moves forward with the appeal process and, hopefully, drafts new laws, it should keep safety and constitu-tionality in the forefront.

At the risk of sounding reaction-ary, the Second Amendment desig-nates that “the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed” without stipulating, “ if local offi cials think it’s okay.” In Hawai‘ i, they almost never think it’s okay: in 2014 there were only 218 permits given and these went to security fi rms’ personnel. All 21 private concealed carry applicants from last year were denied. In fact, there was only one person allowed such a permit since 2010.

Refusing to issue anyone not associated with a corporation a concealed carry permit infringes on the American right to bear arms. The circuit court’s ruling removes that injustice.

TYPES OF CONCEALED CARRY LAWSThere are now three types of

concealed carry jurisdictions: Unre-stricted, Shall-Issue and May-Is-sue. The last No-Issue jurisdiction was in the District of Columbia,

whose law was successfully chal-lenged on July 26, 2014. Not allow-ing concealed carry infringes on the Second Amendment, which is why Hawai‘ i’s laws have been ruled unconstitutional.

Unrestricted jurisdictions do not require any permit for residents to carry a concealed fi rearm. Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Kansas, Vermont and Wyoming are the only states with such laws. Some unrestricted states allow their concealed carry permits to be used in other states.

Most states are Shall-Issue. The origin of the name comes from the practice: a permit shall be issued to any applicant who meets pre-determined requirements. In most legislatures this encompasses people who have not been con-victed of a federal offence and are mentally healthy.

In May-Issue states like Hawai‘ i, local law enforcement maintains the right to deny concealed carry permits. This is where it gets fuzzy because individual state regulations can vary greatly in restrictiveness.

SAFETY VS. CONSTITUTIONALITYIn 2014, Hawai‘ i had the second

lowest fi rearm related death rate in the nation. This may be because all fi rearms are required to be regis-tered with the state to keep track of them. The permit to purchase is acquired separately from the per-mit for concealed carry. In 2014, 94.5 percent of local applicants were issued permits.

States like Mississippi, Louisiana and Alaska, which do not require registration or permits to purchase fi rearms, have the highest gun related death rates. The 9th District

Court ruling does not put Hawai‘ i’s impeccable gun related death rate at risk because the laws keeping residents safe will still be in effect.

The only state to have a lower gun death rate than Hawai‘ i is Rhode Island, which has the same May-Issue statute. In practice, how-ever, the two states are very dif-ferent. Rhode Island requires law enforcement to “show a cause” not to issue the concealed carry per-mit, making it in effect a Shall-Is-sue state. Hawai‘ i is the opposite: our law enforcement requires the applicant to provide proof that they are in danger and that they should be given a permit.

In reality, however, we often don’t know we are in danger until it’s too late. Our May-Issue statute could be reformed to put it within the bound of the Second Amendment using Rhode Island as a model.

At the same time, as Hawai‘ i moves forward, we should keep in mind that the precedent set by the circuit court’s ruling may end up dangerous. Undoing any more

restrictions for the sake of consti-tutionality would put lives at risk because universal concealed carry without a permit or registration would make it more diffi cult for law enforcement to catch criminals.

In addition, it would make it more diffi cult to identify those who should not have a fi rearm in the fi rst place. The deregulation should stop with this ruling, which fi nds a golden mean between safety and constitutionality.

What do you think?Let us know @KaLeoOpinions

The Second Amendment designates “the right to keep and bear arms” without stipulating, “ if local offi cials think it’s okay.”

KEARY O / FLICKR

According to the non-profit Violence Policy Center, Hawai‘ i’s gun death rate is the second lowest in the nation at 3.56 per 100,000 people.

Hawai‘ i’s strict gun laws are unconstitutional

There’s a golden mean between public safety and the lawThere’s a golden mean between public safety and the law

SPORTS sports@kaleo.org@kaleosports

Ken ReyesInterim Sports Editor

Christian ShimabukuAssociate Sports Editor

MONDAY, JUNE 15, 2015 KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE06

COMICS Caleb Hartsfi eldComics Editor

CHRISTIAN SHIMABUKUASSOCIATE SPORTS EDITOR

Describing the many attributes of Tennessee Titans rookie quar-terback Marcus Mariota — both on and off the fi eld — without ful-some testimonies of those who have come across him, is almost impossible. However, in the inevi-tably rough nature of the National Football League (NFL), one team-mate said that he is willing to “fi ght to the death” with Mariota. That teammate would be Zach Metten-berger, another quarterback and most likely Mariota’s backup. How-ever, after the Titans began their organized team activities (OTAs), the general consensus is that there won’t be a fi ght at all – and for good reason.

Considering what the Titans did or didn’t give up to keep Mariota is a strong indicator of what the organization thinks of him. Teams such as the Philadelphia Eagles, San Diego Chargers and Cleve-land Browns were willing to sacri-fi ce a considerable amount of their future via high draft picks and star players such as Phillip Rivers in order to get Mariota. Not only did the Titans invest highly in Mariota, they got assets for him to work with as well. Six of the team’s eight picks were on the offensive end. Like it or not, the time for Mariota to turn the Titans around is now. But how did he get in this position in the fi rst place?

Mariota, an O‘ahu native, received only two scholarship offers out of high school – the University of Hawai‘ i was not one of them. For Oregon head coach and then- offensive coor-dinator Mark Helfrich, it was love at fi rst sight and he knew he had something special in Mariota. Mariota commit-ted to play for the Univer-sity of Oregon-shortly after as a relatively unknown three star recruit.

Mariota, who was a starter for only one season at Saint Louis School, became the fi rst freshman to start a sea-son opener for the Ducks in 22 seasons. And the rest is his-tory. Mariota enjoyed one of the most decorated careers in college football history, leading the Ducks to a 36 5 record over a three -year career, as well as an appearance in the 2015 College Football Playoff National Championship Game. In the 2014 season, he set the record for most individual awards won in a single season, capped by becoming

the fi rst ever Hawai‘ i -born athlete to win college football’s highest honor – the Heisman Trophy.

“To Hawai‘ i Nei, thank you for teaching me humility and respect ... two aspects of my life that I will never change,” Mariota said in his Heisman acceptance speech.

It is this perspective that has made Mariota beloved by coaches, teammates and fans alike (not to mention becoming the pride of Hawai‘ i in the process). According to SportsPro, Mariota is the 39th most marketable athlete, despite the fact that he is a rookie. Mariota has cashed in with endorsement deals from Nike, Beats By Dre, Sub-way and First Hawaiian bank.

A six -year downward spiral, symbolized by no playoff appear-ances had the Titans with little to be optimistic about. With Mariota, they have something to market but more importantly, they have hope for revival of a previously success-ful franchise. As witnessed by his record, Mariota has had to prove himself time and time again. How-ever, the NFL is far and away the greatest challenge yet. Will he be able to run a pro -style offense? Will he even have command of his more experienced teammates?

College stars such as Ryan Leaf, JaMarcus Russell and Johnny Man-ziel have been busts in the NFL, due to underwhelming perfor-mances a lack of sustained disci-pline. Only time will tell, but if past events are any indication, Mariota

will have no problem with that. Just ask whoever

gave him a three-star rating.

Hawai‘ i’s Man Will Marcus Mariota be

successful in the NFL?

DAVE SIZER / FLICKR

Mariota finished the 2014 seasonwith a quarterback rating of 181.7.

Bipolar by Brittany Correa

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Thoughts by Caleb Hartsfield

MONDAY, JUNE 15, 2015KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE 07

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MONDAY, JUNE 15, 2015 KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE08

FEATURES Ben DecastroFeatures Editor

features@kaleo.org@kaleofeatures

BRAD DELLMANAGING EDITOR

I am a strong believer in the sim-ple slider. Ketchup and mustard. That’s all that should be slathered on the beef between the buns. When my sister said I had to try out this place — Osoyami Bar and Grill — serving sliders with unorth-odox toppings for the past couple months, I agreed to go … but only if I got a simple slider.

Osoyami is a four-minute drive from campus. It’s off the beaten path, despite being a turn away from South King Street, and isn’t surrounded by any other restau-rants. The décor is minimal – the dimly-lit room is painted black and red, and seating includes black high tables and booths. What really

catches the eye are the fi ve televi-sion screens mounted on the wall and the brightly-lit bar. These are refl ections of what Osoyami hopes will draw people in – entertainment and booze. Osoyami hosts sports viewing parties and will soon have dart boards on the walls. The mes-sage is clear: don’t rush your visit., Osoyami is a place to hang out. The owner also runs Station Bar and Lounge next to the Honolulu Convention Center, so he knows his drink. The alcohol selection, while basic, is neither lacking nor expen-sive. Cocktails run for $5-8, shots for $5-9. The bar also includes beer on tap for $4-6.

The menu made me sweat, espe-cially the toppings for the sliders. Beer-braised onions with garlic edamame hummus? Bleu cheese

sauce? The waitress and my sister preyed on my susceptibility to peer pressure, urging me to order “like a normal person” and not demand a simple slider. I went with the saf-est bet – sliders with pepper jack cheese and house made guaca-mole. It cost $6 for two sliders plus crinkle-cut fries. You can also order bacon on top for an extra $2.

The sliders, with melted pepper jack cheese and chunky guacamole oozing over the 3 oz. beef patty between two toasted buns, looked and smelled good enough to make me drool. And I did. So I decided to step out of the comforting world of simple sliders and take a bite. Despite the piping hot oil that splashed out from the burger and burned my tongue, I couldn’t stop munching. The grass-fed Big Island

beef was so juicy and didn’t have a char in sight. The spiciness of the pepper jack played nicely with the slight sourness of the guacamole. Not even “Twilight” playing on the television next to me ruined the experience.

I got a couple bites of my sis-ter’s sundried tomato pesto and pepper jack slider ($6 for two). I’ve never been a fan of pesto, but my taste buds betrayed me once again. These sliders were unbeliev-ably tasty – my mouth is salivating as I write this. I also ordered the beer braised sausage and onions ($8). This dish didn’t look appeal-ing — a glob of onions and a cou-ple cut-up links of sausage messily mixed together — but tasted nearly as good as the sliders with a nice balance of sweet, smoky and spicy. The other items on the menu, such as the fried kimchi ($5) and fried cheesy sriracha balls ($5), are a hit at the bar, according to the wait-ress. The kitchen also offers four different baskets of fries: clas-sic, garlic ($6), parmesan pepper-oni ($8) and kimchi ($8). I tried the classic and garlic fries, both of which were tasty, but not unique. I would have to try the other two varieties for that.

Owner Blane Nishizawa, who also created many of the recipes, prides himself on offering such unique options. I chatted with the owner after my meal and asked him where he came up with his unusual food combinations: “A lot of internet, watching YouTube. Every guy that’s drunk or high, that’s like, ‘Oh let’s make something weird’ … that’s how I got ideas. Then I changed them up to make them my own.” If this is how drunk, high people cook, we

need more of them in the kitchen.Osoyami crushed my belief in the

simple slider. I’m not sure whetherto love it or hate it for that reason. Regardless, I will be returning many more times.

OSOYAMI

LOCATION1820 Algaroba St.

HOURSSun - Thurs: 6 p.m. - 2 a.m. Fri: 2 p.m. - 2 a.m.

CONTACT(808) 200-0514

WEBfacebook.com/Osoyami808

▪ Happy hour is 6-7 p.m. Extra dollars are knocked off of beer, cocktails, sliders and fried cheesy sriracha balls.

▪ The service was friendly – the waitress sat in our booth to take our order and joke around. The food took about 10 minutes to be served.

▪ With the kitchen open until 12 a.m. and the bar until 2 a.m., those living near campus have a new destina-tion for late-night snacks.

M O R E I N F O

R A T I N G

Osoyami: It’s all in the name

BRAD DELL / KA LEO O HAWAI‘I

Owner Blane Nishizawa said he wanted to fill the absence of gourmet slider bars in Hawai‘ i.

K a L e o O H a w a i ‘ i