T 357

.R3

Copy 1

MECHANICAL DRAWING

COPY PLATES

RASMUSEN

V

THE UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY

MECHANICAL DRAWINGr^P\DV PT AXI7Q

BY-

..^^J

jfEl RASMUSEISrProfessor of Engineering Drav^ring, Department of Applied Mechanics and

Machine Design

University of Nebraska

^m^

CHICAGO AND LINCOLN

The University Publishing Company

Copyright 1918

THE UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY

All rights reserved

^cr.2i ,5,3

'CI.A5(»6242

vo

re

1"—^"~~1 a

'^1

^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ^̂ 0i

'9.^^s^MECHANCAL DQAWmPLATE NO./. FROM COPY

UniV^flSITY OF liCBRAiM.

^'t

^> ^o/7!e Date

^"VJLead orBabbit

\%y/vyxyA^.

lA/roughtIron

^S^X^^^xVy'x/OK^V/X^V/x/X

xxxx>oooo88Copper.

s5tone.

Liqui'o/.

Stee/.

Aluimm urn.

'i!!^^jmimm

^^;ii^m^^&f^&Concrete'.

(S/as^.

3ra^^.

Nire^.

Earth.

MLChmC/\L DRAWimPUTtNo FROMCOPY

CRO'S'S HMTCIilNa.U/H\^£R'SITY OF NE.BR/^^KA

l.l/\ICCil.N.

A/amc. Ocite.

MECH/\NICAL DRAWINGPLATE NO.

B0LT5 AND5CREW5UNIVERSITY or NEBRA5KA

LINCOLNName Date

Tapg^ ho/e for ^'>stuo/.

i+g «SM triDO-- -^ to

A/fake an /3o/r?etr/c draw/ng or?/(/, of fhe ohou'e.

MEGHAN /CAL DRAVV?N6

PLATE- ISOMETRIC MO. 3.

STCFFZ/VG BOX. C.I

UNIV£R5lTY0FfMEBRASKALINCOLN.

Hame

.

Date.

riECHmiGFiL omwiriG

PLFITE**l7mnC0PY

LINCOLh.

Name Date

iii

.11'^)/^.

Required -Mechanical Drawing- A = three space 5, each ^'

%

flLChAfilCAL DQAWmPLATE no-

UhlVERSITY OF hEBRASMLir^cai-i^.

riome. Dote

SOME SUGGESTIONS ON LETTERING1. The lettering of a drawing is part of its clothing and has mueh to do with its appearance. Bad letter-

ing on a drawing, even though the drawing itself may be perfectly drawn, spoils its appearance. Good letteringis therefore a necessary requirement. By good lettering is not meant fancy lettering, but letters that are simple,neat and clear. This any student can acquire with practice.

2. First steps. The first thing that is necessary for the beginner is to fix accurately in his mind the formof each letter. To practice making a letter without knowing its form is futile. Many students try to make lettersand fail to make progress because they have not observed their form closely.

It is sufficient to get one style of alphabet and get it well. If after acquiring one style of alphabet the stu-dent Avishes to vary his lettering by using other styles of letters he can do so. But only one style of letters shouldbe used in the same word, sentence, or paragraph, as dilTerent styles of letters should not be mixed. Practice is

necessary for all students, the amount of which varies Avith each individual, and the more care that is exercisedin practicing, the more rapid will be the progress.

3. The Alphabet.There are two types of letters, known as the upper case and loAver case, so-called from the position they

occupy in the printer's type case. The upper case, or capitals, are shown in Fig. a; the lower case, or small letters

in Fig. b. _,.Fig. a.

ABCDEPGHIJKLMMNNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

f\ABCDtf^GHIJKLMMNNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/2334-/I-5677Q9

Fig. b.

a bcdefg h ij k I m nopq rstu vwx Ljz 123456789

abcdefgh/j k Im nopqrstuvwxyzThis style of making the alphabet is in substance the Reinhardt letters, from the name of its author, Mr.

C. W. Reinhardt. The object of the author Avas to produce a letter that Avas clear and neat and easily and rapidlymade freehand. As this style, or some modification of it, has been most universally used recently, Ave shall adoptit for the student to practice in this course.

4. Aids to the Memory.

.r«„„/' t/"'""^?''" '°' "'^ ^'""^-t

'V™'<>"*^-- ""i'""" of ««»' '""• l'>- 1"'"".'^ -..,!., ,,,,.,., h,groups. Thus .n the lower cas. lettersObdgp Q nd q , are very „u,,h U.. «a , T,,. !..„„ a .Uh-,

very slight change forms the letters d g q . In the letters b and R the sa,„e loop r.-v.-se,! ,s p,„ ,.„ „„ .-.„„s.de of the straight line of the letter a Another group ismnhruy.mnhr Lave ,«,y slight dif-erences. u is the n upside down and y has only a small addition to the straight line of u The SIS made with the larger loop at the bottom to give it a more stable appear'anee The + ,s snnnlv'a strai.H

iTenle ZZTl': "" '

t^

"^''^ '"' ™' ""^'^ '^'' °' + -'^^^ '-"' "«' '» >'- tpp rZ line J,When the d.stanee between the two upper guide lines is 1/32 of an meh or less when it sliouFd e«™,l ITT..pper ,„ide l,„e. Care should be taken not to make the V and W with curved lines thus W V or U) Wbar is IT'"/,'"

""""' ' '"""' "" "" '^ °""" "'"""' '"""""' '"^ "'"«' ^-'i'' '-- -d the cross.IS on he guide line as in f The letter

Jis the letter f reversed with no cross-bar and a dot added

N/t M A T""''°"'"'""" '""" '" """ --'-"'"-^PR-VW-MNH A variation .„M N A S 4- . '^5 he noticed.__This variation in M and [Sj ,s used to save space because the sides can be

™nrn;t:;:th:rmThe:pp:r^rt^"' ^ are-made sma,, the variation is desirable to prevent-he-inrfr:;;;

ing fufly t^oTe .^^e Hies°lf[oratd^'^bj^l^^^'lris-'b^sff^\Lil;f::e^^fp:,Yn^"lr^it /""- "'^tAlter some practice two ,„ide lines will suffice. The distance apart%f Sr^id^e Ces'lslu^Jly'inTe 'folfowi^'^proportion: p / V /^ y-\ >^— "^

should^pifctri tIelltt""th^Vse:i;:;.rosrn^t''uraT,: iZ^-^JL-^cT.k^ntt'liot'-'Vl'rfr ','r^'"™--^"^

^'^t'''

urn perreet letters ot ditterent slant present an uneven, untidy appearance. For ex-ample /V^j^^^^^j^y (incorrect) /vj^^^^^^^^y (correct).

case Jteri!rt,re'b|?h?mosIf;u1S tj^ ^^^^^(.'^^l^^^'^^Z '''-'''- ^" '<'-"

8. Lettenng Pens. The choice of a lettering pen varies with the individual A (iillntf Nr. "^nc!•

.medium stiffness and used hv manv drnftcmoT, Th^. r.« u ^ juiuiviuiuu.

.\ Uriiiott iNo. dOd is a pen of

a litUc to round oH th^^L^p^ c^SftiT;"oJed-'an^rrSu^id l^oiilrrpn^falst^ilL-d'""" '"'"'' ^'^

"

^ree /iana/ Leffer/ng^ LoiyerCa5d_

/Vafo/ra/ ^/anf ^atcQfefgh/jk//77nopg'r^7'-U)/^X(/z abcc/efgh/jk/mnopqrstuvi/vxL/y -^ \,

aJbcdefgi7/jk/mr7opqr5tZ/Vwxyz'

^

Lower case /effers are not a// t/ie same /7e/gf/if. The^/ are c//y/dec^ /r?to ti^o

groups. T/7e f/rst <group /s ore space /'r /le/g/rf: T/ye secorof is ore arof ore-ho/f spaces.

Vertical Letters

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijkimnopqr5tu\/wxy2

The usual dimensions for \rzz hand lowercase letters are one eighth of an inch high

for ox\z space letters and three sixteenths of an inch high for wt and one-half s/oace

leffers. Letters are about the same height as \N\(^\y\.

One 5pace Letters, Natura/ S/anf.

ace/mnorsai^wxz- ace/mnorsuyiA/xz' ace/mnorsui/ivxzOr\t Space Letters, Veri\ca\

aceimnor5Uvwx2 aceimnorsi/ivwxz jiceimnorsuv^wxz

One arc/. Ore tialt ^pace L et ters, A/afofra/ J/ant

ha/f/7k/tgfjpgi/ bo/t/ik/tgjpqy bo/tfyk/tgjpgy\

One and One Half Space Letters, Vertical\

bdf hKiltgjpqu bdfhkltgjpqy lc>o''^'^^l+gjpq^ ^Letters ot S/mj/ar rorm

ceoadggbp hmn'rofofj k/tti/v/xz s ceoaofgg^p

ceoadgqbp hmnruyj kitfwixz 5 ceoaolgqbp

^?"^a

wcttmc/iL omwm~_zilplatl: NO.'^/?^E/iAA/DLf:TTE/?//\/G/VO/

72A//l/^/?S/TKiPrA/£-S/F/lJ/C4

—. Jn/VCOLN

Voneof <5f(//ej offree /-/ancf Leffenh^

T/7/S ^fy^/e /\5 /Ea^y for Mamf. * Nop

free /ia/?a/ Letfer/ng is ///re rree //a^dDromng. Hrj/ get a f^ei^ /17/^c^amer?fa/ Pr/nc/jO/es. T?7en 14/or/: Oi/f t/ye Defa/Vs. TheAppearance of f/7e^Oeta//j lA//// Deper7c/ Large/g on the Sfuc/entb /Jb///fg tojee M/haf /?e/a-f/on^ ar?a/ /Paf/oj m// G/^e the dest Effect /n the /=>rot/em at f/anc/./IGooa/?a/e to ro//o^ /6 : Lag Out the Space ybuf/o^e to Use. /=~/nc/ Out t/o^/WuchL etfer/ng /s /Vecejsarg Then Choose a<5tg/e of Letter/ng That lA//// Ma/re.the Best Appearance for the G/i/en Jpace.

'ni^

"^f/OP N0TE5^^=^98 y[/anted. Cast /ronT/n/sh /ns/c/e y\//th ^tra/ghtreame/;

outs/o/e i^/th b/ac/r ename/.PATTERN ^/^AKEf?

G/i^e 6//ght afraught, •

the o/ramng shoyyj none

.e:^t^/\jdeo.JVUPPN/^L BETAP/^G forlA/000-/-ATHE:ShtOP '/\/OTjES

To be we// f///ec/ r/7en f/n/shec/ i^/ tnfeofo/ co/onec/ m ach/ne pa/ntD^PAP T/^ENT OPAPPL/EO /iECfrAN/C5

V/V/l/EPJ/Ty^ orNEBPAS/<A -

Compre55edTL/pe

This will \Qkz up but small spoce and \5 easij

to read if care is taken in making them. Do nof mnthe letteri together, Make fhem ckan cut.

PATTERN mKZRPattern to be built mp a5 shown in drawmc^

6 wanted. MATERIAL Cork Pin^"=

type:jjsrdt

_L

M^C/f/}MC£ DffMWC..

PLATE /V<2_

UMV£R5/ryOF A/£8/?A3ML/ NCOLNZ^

name: D/\ Ti.

(y/v/r^D ^r/irf:^ g^oloo/cal ^(j/?i//^r

Counfr/es^ Upper Case I/br//c a/ -NLBRA5KAl^o//e(/s Uppercase yer/-/ca/-^\M.Hf\nmi\V\

PeoAs , onU Posses/- oyyer Cose yerf/ca/- Pikes Pe a K

.

/younfo/ns Upper Cose l/erf/co/- Cumberland

Poads, Tro//s ond P/Ags UpperCose C/o-nPC//inPrCA/PO/IDCCoryors Upper Case l^erPca/-QRmD CANYON

C///es (Uppercase l/€rf/ca/-Z'r\\Cf\Q>Q

I////apes -Z oi^er Cose l/erf/ca/- 5m i th v 1 11 e .-

d/'reefs Loiter Cose A&a//c- a/- Broadway

Po//roods Uppercase C/onf-3UPL/NGPOA/.

Oceons, Upper Co^e C/onf- PCL //A/C/CBoys Uppercase C/or/ -3PPP/A/

oAes, Upper Cose C/onf-/V/C///CPNCma/// oAes L on^er Cose C/ort-PedLo/ce

Spr/rps Z oj^er Case C/on/ -/Uof Cpr/npsP/i/ers UpperCa^e C/arf P//ssoar/

5mo// P/i/ers Loyi/er Cose C/onf-TorA/oCreeAs Z. on^er Cose- C/onA- Ton^/ier

DPPPPPP/PNPof//PPL/ED P7PCPf/IN/CS

UN/UPPC/PP of C/P3P/JSPP.

P/PPP PO.

//?fC P///VPl£rP£P/P(P/V0.3.

u/v/i/£P,5/rropp£3/?//sm

L//VCO/-A/.

A//^TUP/JL SL/^NT/J3CD£rG/i/J/<lr//\/0P0P^rUl^l4^rZ-/2J4-3^7S9O

/I3CD^rG/-//J/rLnOPQP^ TUI^IVX}^Z-/2^^^67S90./f3CD^rG/i/J/rLP7A/OPQPSrU7l4/A'KZ.

r/i£USU/IL D/P/£/VG/OA/S POP UPPfPC/I^Plprr^PG/fPPTPPfP s//-

PPP/yPPS OPA/VWC/yP/G/i/IA/D OA/PP/GPP/i OP/^A//A/CPiV/OP, PACPPPPOP 77ip"P7'/fA/D "lA/" iA/P/OP/^PP PPPPP ^//PPPA/PP^ /IPD OPPPOPPPPOPPP/A/CP \/\//DP PPSPPCP/IPP/-P.

VERTC/\LABCDEFGHIJKLnNOPQRSTUVWXrZ -I 234567690.

ABCDErGHIJKLriN0PQR5TUVXY-l23^5a76 9O.yABCDEFGHIJKmNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.

THE STUDENT SHOULD USE THE STYLE OF LETTER HE CAN MAKE BE5T.PROFICIENCY C/IN ONLY BE OBTAINED BY CONSTANT PRACTICE. STUDYEACH FORM AND PRACTICE FOR THE PROPER EXECUTION OF IT NOTE THEHEIGHT AND WIDTH OV L/\C\^ LETTER.

/^/J5rf/^£/y /T /^o A/or usf /jA/r oT/-/£f(. rnf: a/z/tu/r/il

3i/7/vr iv/iL L^y^ffr 0£rkvffA/ ^s/xry' /ja/d A//A/frr D£o/?££s si/rH/AffA/ aS/A/G /T (yS£ TA/zE: ^/IA^E SL/IAAT rAY/lT rOU aS£ H/AA^AV

l/yf!/r//VG. S£ SO/?£ TAA/fT/il L yO(y/? A. £rr£/?JA//iy£TAA£^ <3/JA7£ JA//AA/:

PMT^ NO.

(yA/ziA-^ffs/rro/^A/fBR/ts^A

L AAACOLA/./V/^A7£. A?A}r£.

r -ir r 4.4^-1^^-14-~ ^^Kli HKI^? ir >- r r r - ir ^k ^m I m^^W r B^ TT^r T^ *

i

Mk ^Bk. ,1«» ^^^TinBrM^ --- mj r II iiIl .[ . 1 Ska =M1 "^arr^K i^^ i ^.^m \ i ^ ii i ii^l k V ^ ^.^ii ^ i^i ^ -B^ J-Si X W\'J*a hi Mfl. 1^1 rir 1^1 :' majk hi

^Hfl / MVu tt 1 1n

_ LQfULFuiur unjn I-W-W-Fn!!UFI

i i ii ii i i iiy i iiim........I...._..rnHi.ai ~i»Ml »-.! 1H-••. Hk-il._._«»<• ..Ill

i i i i NNiimniiiin i iiin i i i iLi i mi i mjiffliiffliniLi i i i uii^i/ i iiifflimiiiiniiiiiiiiiLi^ itMt

1 if iif=»=ssBkiSk s:: ^: s.Ts.^s:a a . £7;a

Bk. ^MHa MBL ^a.. . aiw .bl ^B'lBi « > m. ^^ ' ^ riEChmichL ommtiGPLHTE NO.

riECHRfilCfIL LETTEfUm. NO.

umvcRsirY of tiEBfm^KR.

LIhCOLN.Name Date

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

019 936 855 5 r