MCRP 8-10B.1 (Formerly MCRP 3-0C

US Marine Corps

PCN 144 000169 00

MCRP 8-10B.1 (Formerly MCRP 3-0C)

Operational Training Ranges Required Capabilities

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

CD&I (C 116)

2 May 2016

ERRATUM

to

MCRP 3-0C

OPERATIONAL TRAINING RANGES REQUIRED CAPABILITIES

1. Change all instances of MCRP 3-0C, Operational Training Ranges Required Capabilities, to

MCRP 8-10B.1, Operational Training Ranges Required Capabilities.

2. File this transmittal sheet in the front of this publication.

PCN 144 000169 80

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVYHeadquarters United States Marine Corps

Washington, D.C. 20380-1775

29 May 2009

FOREWORD

Marine Corps operational training ranges consist of a complex infrastructure withmultiple geographic locations possessing a wide array of capabilities. These trainingranges must support a broad spectrum of mission-essential warfighter training. It isuniquely challenging to assess this diverse infrastructure’s capacity to meet the currentand emergent training requirements imposed on contemporary operating forces.

Marine Corps Reference Publication (MCRP) 3-0C, Operational Training RangesRequired Capabilities, is the source document for managers and operators of MarineCorps range complexes as well as Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) commandersand staffs, joint forces, and other Services describing required capabilities for the entireMarine Corps range infrastructure. This publication categorizes and quantifies therequired capabilities of Marine Corps operational training ranges. It also provides anoverarching strategy for the ranges to ensure that range assets and capabilities arecontinuously available to support operations and training requirements—especiallycritical as the Marine Corps implements significant transitions in weapons, technology,and doctrine.

MCRP 3-0C recognizes the dynamic environment of today’s Marine Corps and the onecertainty in training and education: that such training must be a continuum which mustevolve as needed to produce Marines who are capable of thriving in diverse andchallenging operational environments. The infrastructure involved in this training mustkeep pace with operating force mission requirements and force modernization.

This publication supports mission-essential training in an unconstrained environment. Itidentifies short-term and long-range investment requirements and supports thedevelopment of new operational training ranges. MCRP 3-0C focuses on enhancing theeffectiveness of operational training range support provided to warfighters and thestewardship of these vital resources for future generations of Marines.

Reviewed and approved this date.

BY DIRECTION OF THE COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPS.

GEORGE J. FLYNNLieutenant General, U.S. Marine Corps

Deputy Commandant forCombat Development and Integration

Marine Corps Combat Development Command

Publication Control Number: 144 000169 00

Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Imagery Intelligence ___________________________________________________________________________________________ A-1

OPERATIONAL TRAININGRANGES REQUIRED CAPABILITIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1. Marine Corps Range ProgramMarine Corps Operational Training Range Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1Required Capabilities of Operational Training Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Chapter 2. Marine Corps Training ContinuumTraining and Readiness Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1Training Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3Live Fire Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3Future Training Requirements—Evolving Marine Corps Tasks . . . . . . . . . 2-4Training and Readiness Standards and Range Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Chapter 3. Training Requirement IdentificationJoint Tactical Task List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1Universal Naval Task List and Marine Corps Task List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2Marine Corps Task List Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Chapter 4. Range Classes and Attributes Marine Corps Range Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1Marine Corps Range Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Chapter 5. Range InfrastructureManeuver/Training Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1Impact Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1Live Fire Ranges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2Aviation Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2Military Operations on Urbanized

Terrain Training Facilities/Complexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Chapter 6. Common Marine Corps Range Requirements and AttributesHigh-Level Required Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1Information Exchange Requirements and Interoperability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4Scheduling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4Meteorological System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6Instrumentation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

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Chapter 7. Required Individual-Level Training Range CapabilitiesIndividual-Level Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1Operational Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1Individual-Level Suite of Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2Required Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

Chapter 8. Required Unit-Level Training Range CapabilitiesUnit-Level Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1Operational Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1Unit-Level Suite of Ranges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2Required Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

Chapter 9. Required MEU-Level Training Range CapabilitiesMEU-Level Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1Operational Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1MEU-Level Suite of Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2Required Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2

Chapter 10. Required MEB-Level Training Range CapabilitiesMEB-Level Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1Operational Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1MEB-Level Suite of Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2Required Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2

Chapter 11. Joint National Training CapabilityJoint National Training Capability Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1Joint National Training Capability Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1Required Joint National Training Capability Range Capabilities. . . . . . . . . 11-2

AppendicesA Marine Corps Suite of Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1B Additional Training Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1C Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1D References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

CHAPTER 1

MARINE CORPS RANGE PROGRAM

Marine Corps Range and Training Area Manage-ment Division [RTAM], Marine Corps Trainingand Education Command (TECOM) is responsi-ble for the development and implementation ofprograms to sustain, upgrade, and modernizeMarine Corps operational training ranges. Theseranges support the achievement and maintenanceof combat readiness, which is of utmost impor-tance to the Marine Corps. The Corps hasembarked upon a major investment program tosustain and modernize its operational trainingrange infrastructure. This program does notinclude the facilities, sustainment, restoration, ormodernization for the fixed property such as per-manent buildings and structures.

Marine Corps OperationalTraining Range Resources

The Marine Corps relies on many land andairspace resources to accomplish training at alllevels of the continuum—individual, unit, Marineair-ground task force (MAGTF), and joint. Itstraining range complexes are central to thetraining process. The Marine Corps also dependson extensive and extended access to non-MarineCorps training lands and airspace and extensivecross-Service utilization. In addition to access toother Services’ ranges, the Marine Corps relieson other nations’ ranges, non-Department ofDefense (DOD) Federal lands such as Bureau ofLand Management (BLM) property, and publicand private non-Federal lands.

Marine Corps Range Complexes

Each component of the range training area (RTA)inventory is vital to Marine Corps trainingprograms. Retaining access to it is a priority intraining and range management efforts. TheMarine Corps range inventory comprises acomplex of ranges and associated airspace.

Ground and air-to-ground (A/G) range com-plexes include—

Marine Corps Base (MCB), Quantico.MCB, Camp Lejeune.MCB, Camp Pendleton. Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center,Twentynine Palms.MCB, Hawaii. MCB, Camp Butler, Japan.

Air combat and A/G ranges include—Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS), CherryPoint. MCAS Yuma/Bob Stump Training RangeComplex. MCAS Beaufort/Townsend Range.

Other installations (small-arms ranges only)include—

Marine Corps Recruit Depot [MCRD], ParrisIsland. MCAS, Miramar. MCAS, Iwakuni, Japan. Marine Corps Logistics Base (MCLB), Al-bany. MCLB, Barstow.MCAS, Beaufort.

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Cross-Service Rangesand Other Training Areas

Some of the cross-Service ranges and othertraining areas used by Marine Corps trainingunits are—

Marine Corps Mountain Warfare TrainingCenter Bridgeport, California—Marine Corps.Forest Service—United States Department ofAgriculture.Camp Fuji, Fuji Maneuver Area, Japan—Japa-nese Self Defense Force.Eglin Air Force Base, Florida—US Air Force.San Clemente Island Range Complex, Califor-nia—US Navy. Fort Bragg, North Carolina—US Army.Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia—US Army.Fort Irwin, California—US Army.Fort Pickett, Virginia—US Army. Pohakuloa Training Area, Hawaii—US Army. Southern California and Western Arizona—BLM.Foreign training areas:

Scotland—naval surface fire support (NSFS)qualification.

Norway—cold weather training and mari-time prepositioning force operations.Korea—mountain warfare training.Denmark—electronic warfare (EW) trainingoperations.Australia—MAGTF fire and maneuver train-ing.Horn of Africa and West Africa—sustain-ment training.

Required Capabilities ofOperational Training Ranges

This publication defines the required capabilitiesof the operational training ranges identified in theprevious paragraph, which have been sustainedand modernized under the Marine Corps RangeInvestment Program, to support mission-essentialtraining in an unconstrained environment. MarineCorps organizations can assess the capabilities ofcomponent elements of each training rangecomplex against the required capabilities for theapplicable range classes to determine future rangeinvestment priorities.

CHAPTER 2

MARINE CORPS TRAINING CONTINUUM

Marine Corps training is built along a continuumthat is well-defined and structured to providecombat-ready Marines, Marine Corps units, andMAGTFs. This continuum is constantly adaptingto internal forces, such as funding, availability,personnel levels, societal changes, externalforces, and identified threats. The trainingcontinuum consists of five major parts—

Individual-level training.Common skills training. Skill progression training.Professional military education.Unit collective training.

Marine Corps training is based on defined tasks,conditions, and standards developed to ensurethat training focuses on core competencies; isrelevant in terms of expected missions andoperational environments; and implementsdoctrinal and operational principles, such asexpeditionary maneuver warfare. Trainingrequirements are derived from the fundamentalpurpose of the Marine Corps—to providecombat-ready units as the Nation’s expeditionaryforce in readiness. The Marine Corps trainingsystem provides the means to attain combatreadiness throughout military operations.

Training and Readiness Programs

The Marine Corps has established official trainingand readiness (T&R) programs for its ground andaviation units. The purpose of the T&R programis to provide the commander with approaches toindividual and collective training for Marines,Marine Corps units, and the MAGTF. The goal isto develop unit warfighting capabilities that will

seamlessly integrate into MAGTFs, and thenMAGTFs into joint task force operations.Because unit and individual readiness areinterrelated, in that the purpose of individualtraining is to enhance unit readiness, T&Rprograms contain both individual and collectiveevents. The Marine Corps T&R concept is builtupon the following tenets:

Building block approach to training.Identification of expected missions.Unit core capabilities and individual core skills.Organization of training tasks into executableevents.Sustainment of training and unit evaluation.

The Building Block Approach

The goal of training is to achieve and maintain athreshold level of combat readiness, in corecapabilities for units and sections and core skillsfor individuals, by accomplishing a series ofprogressively more challenging training events.The level of challenge for the individual and theunit increases as each training event builds on thepreceding ones, from the simple to the complex.

Identification of Expected Missions

Training requirements are determined byexpected missions. The T&R programs focus ontraining for the successful accomplishment ofMAGTF missions across the range of militaryoperations, including stability operations,contingency operations, and major theater war. Italso focuses on operational environments, such asmilitary operations on urbanized terrain (MOUT),extreme environments, and littoral warfare. Theoperational environment greatly affects how theMarine Corps plans and executes its training and

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education programs. In particular, the factors ofuncertainty, complexity, and the increasingconcentration of the world’s population withinlittoral and urban environments impact thecontinuum. The combination of these factorsresults in a marked increase in the number andtypes of tactical and operational tasks a Marinemust be trained to execute.

Core Capabilities and Skills

In its building block approach to training, theT&R program identifies core capabilities andcore skills for each military occupationalspecialty (MOS) and unit to be trained. Corecapabilities are the essential collective functionsthat a unit must be capable of performing duringextended contingency or combat operations.Core plus capabilities are advanced functionsthat are specific to the environment, mission, ortheater. Core skills are essential individual skillsthat enable a Marine to perform in combat andqualify that Marine for an MOS. Core plus skillsare those combat-focused skills that are specificto the environment, mission, rank, or billet, andare developed upon a Marine’s assignment to anoperational unit.

Train Through Executable Events

Training requirements for each type and level oftraining are contained in the T&R manuals,which describe specific training events to beaccomplished to achieve combat readiness. Thesemanuals are based on specific performancestandards for mission-essential tasks designed toensure proficiency in core competencies. Usingthe building block approach to training, T&Revents are categorized according to the nature andscope of the training objectives:

The 1000-level events consist of initial MOStraining conducted at formal schools andprovide core skill training to Marines of thatMOS. Upon graduat ion , Mar ines have

completed all 1000-level events and areassigned an MOS.The 2000-level events occur when a Marine isassigned to an operational unit. This core plusskills training raises the proficiency of theindividual Marine and builds upon core skillsintroduced in formal school. At the completionof 2000-level training, Marines have masteredthe core skills in their specialties and areproficient enough in their MOSs to perform incombat. Units will normally train Marinesthrough this level pr ior to operat ionaldeployment or major collective trainingexercises. This training also includes formaladvanced individual MOS training completedat a formal school or on the job, calledmanaged on-the-job training. Many MOSsrequire Marines to complete follow-on MOStraining as they advance in rank and billetresponsibility. This training is accomplished atappropriate intervals in a Marine’s career.The 3000- to 4000-level events, or unit corecapability, are collective events conducted atthe lower echelons, such as sections, teams,and squads.The 5000- to 8000-level events, also calledunit core capability, are collective events con-ducted at the higher echelons, such as platoon,company, battalion, and regiment.

Sustainment of Training and Unit Evaluation

Periodic demonstrat ion of capabil i t ies isrequ i red to ensure pe r i shab le sk i l l s a remaintained so that the unit can accomplish itsmission as part of the MAGTF. Proficiency andc u r r e n c y a r e t w o m e a s u r e s o f t r a i n i n gestablished in the T&R programs. Proficiency isa function of unit capability and individual skillthat must be demonstrated to an evaluator.Currency is a T&R event’s sustainment intervalor period of time within which skills must berefreshed and re-evaluated.

Operational Training Ranges Required Capabilities __________________________________________________________ 2-3

Training Requirements

The following levels of training are essentialto the preparation of Marine Corps combatreadiness from the most basic unit level to theorganizational level.

Individual-Level Training

Individual-level training is a transformationprocess that takes young men and women andmolds them into Marines capable of winning theNation’s battles. This process is founded uponcommonly shared individual-level trainingexperiences that begin in recruit training orOfficer Candidates School, continue throughMOS skill training, and culminate when Marinesarrive at their first operational unit. Individual-level training involves extensive physicalt ra in ing, marksmanship ins t ruc t ion , anddemanding field problems designed to teachMarine Corps core values and basic concepts andassess the trainee’s understanding of them. AsMarines progress, they continue to receivetraining specifically designed to reinforce andsupplement their MOS skills. They also receiveprofessional military education commensuratewi th advances in r ank to inc rease the i runderstanding of warfighting.

Unit-Level Training

Upon assignment to a unit, Marines undergotraining in collective skills based on tightlyfocused requirements defined by their unit’smission-essential tasks. As they move along thecontinuum, Marines focus less on individualskills and more on collective and unit-level skills,emphasizing their role within the MAGTF.Collective T&R events are designed to sustainindividual skills while exercising the capabilitiesof the unit.

MAGTF Training

The following subparagraphs summarize trainingrequirements for the Marine expeditionary unit

(special operations capable) (MEU[SOC]) andMarine expeditionary brigade (MEB).

Marine Expeditionary Unit(Special Operations Capable)

The MEU(SOC) is the s tandard, forwarddeployed Marine expeditionary organization.Current training requirements for the MEU(SOC)include training in the following core capabilities:

Amphibious operations.Marine expeditionary unit (MEU)-level maneu-vers ashore.Combined arms operations.Maritime special operations.Stability operations.Supporting operations.

Within those core capabilities, the MEU(SOC)must train to accomplish a variety of missionsacross a broad spectrum of tasks and operations.

Marine Expeditionary BrigadeIn addition to the core capabilities and essentialmissions of the MEU, the MEB is the largestresponse force of the Marine Corps that is trainedin live context and is the smallest MAGTF capa-ble of forcible entry operations. As such, theMEB must be trained to perform those tasks thatare inherent to its role as an operational-levelwarfighting force in the theater of operations.These tasks include forcible entry, amphibiousoperations, employment of combined arms withMEB-level maneuver, and operational logistics atthe theater level. The MEB must also train to per-form as both a joint task force headquarters andthe rear area operations group.

Live Fire Training

In live fire training, Marine Corps aviation,ground, and logistic elements fire ordnance in atraining environment from the aircraft, artillery,armored vehicles, mortars, and crew-served and

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individual weapons they will use in combat. Theunique benefit of live fire training is that it givesMarines a chance to apply the general skillslearned in simulators and other types of trainingin a realistic operational environment. Theaccomplishment of critical tasks necessary forcombat readiness is dependent upon the availabilityand capability of live fire ranges. These rangesare indispensable to the effective training ofwarfighters, whether that training is conductedusing live or inert ordnance. Live fire trainingexperiences help to span the gaps between theabstract subject matter learned in the classroom,the physical and mental skills learned in the safeand controlled environment of a simulator, andthe stressful and dangerous environments intowhich Marines will have to deploy their weapons.Live fire training represents the best opportunityto prepare Marines to perform well in hostile anddangerous environments. Live fire training maybe conducted in stand-alone training events or inconjunction with virtual, constructive, andnonlive fire maneuver training events.

Future Training Requirements—Evolving Marine Corps Tasks

The training continuum will change as needed toproduce Marines who are capable of meetingdiverse and challenging operational environments.

Tasks, conditions, and standards for futureMAGTF training requirements will be driven byanticipated operational contexts and principlesemploying new systems and weapons, andcharacterized by—

Extended range training operations to exercisecapabilities.MEB live fire and maneuver exercises.Increased requirements for both small- andlarge-unit MOUT training.Significant enhancements to training and feed-back/evaluation through instrumented rangeand target systems.Increased reliance on MAGTF sustainmenttraining during deployment. Increased joint training.

Training and ReadinessStandards and Range Requirements

Expeditionary maneuver warfare capabilities willenhance MAGTF mission capabilities. Tactics,techniques, and procedures are evolving to lever-age new capabilities. Future training require-ments will evolve across the range of MarineCorps tasks (MCTs). As mission capabilitiesincrease in complexity from individual-leveltasks to small-unit events and MAGTF training,range requirements for land, sea, and airspaceincrease proportionally.

CHAPTER 3

TRAINING REQUIREMENT IDENTIFICATION

The Marine Corps must be prepared to supporttasking from the President of the United States,DOD and resulting DOD Universal Joint TaskList (UJTL) (high-level, required strategicwarfighting capabilities), joint tactical tasks(JTTs), and the Marine Corps Task List (MCTL).The UJTL, JTTs, and MCTL are the basis for allMarine Corps training requirements and aredoctrinally based. They are also the basis forweapon systems development programs.

Joint Tactical Task List

Based upon Presidential tasking, DOD developsthe UJTL. The United States Joint ForcesCommand (USJFCOM) uses the UJTL todevelop specific statements of required tacticalcapabilities, the JTTs. The USJFCOM lists 13JTTs, grouped into seven major task categories.Table 3-1 provides a sample of current JTTs.

Table 3-1. The Joint Tactical Task List.JTT General Category JTT Description*

Deploy/conduct maneuvers Conduct passage of lines

Conduct countermine operations

Conduct mine operations

Share intelligence Disseminate tactical warning information and attack assessment

Employ firepower Coordinate battlespace maneuver and integrate with firepower

Perform logistics and combat service support Provide sustainment

Exercise command and control Conduct joint logistics over-the-shore operations

Protect the force Execute personnel recovery operations

Conduct rear area security

Conduct noncombatant operations

Provide for combat identification

Conduct counter improvised explosive device operations

Operate in a chemical, biological, radiological,nuclear, and high-yield explosive environment

Conduct mission operations in a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosive environment

*Not a complete list of applicable JTTs.

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Universal Naval Task Listand Marine Corps Task List

The Department of the Navy refines the UJTLsand JTTs applicable to naval warfare intostatements of required tactical capabilities forMarine Corps units. These statements make upthe MCTL, in which specific MCTs are groupedinto six general categories applicable to specificwarfighting concepts. Table 3-2 provides a list ofthe six MCTL categories and examples of theirassociated range-related MCTs.

The Universal Naval Task List (UNTL) is asingle source document that combines the NavyTactical Task List [NTTL] and the MCTL. Asapplied to joint training and readiness reporting,the UNTL/MCTL provides a common languagethat commanders can use to document theircommand warfighting requirements as mission-essential tasks. The UNTL’s tactical level of wartasks are a compilation of Navy, Marine Corps,and Coast Guard tasks, written using the commonlanguage and task hierarchy of the UJTL. The

UNTL is architecturally linked to the UJTL, whichincludes strategic-national, strategic-theater, andoperational levels of war tasks.

The UNTL/MCTL i s de s igned a s aninteroperability tool for joint force and navalcommanders to use as a master menu of tasks,conditions, and standards that provides a commonlanguage and structure for the development ofnaval and Marine Corps mission essential tasklists [METLs]. The UNTL/MCTL, along withthe Army and Air Force task lists, directlysupport the UJTL and joint mission-essential tasklist [JMETL] development. The UJTL (whichincludes the Service task lists) is the primary linkto support joint training development, theDefense Readiness Reporting System, and futureresource/weapon system procurement.

The MCTs could impact or be impacted by theMarine Corps training range infrastructure. Table3-2 cross-references the JTTs to the applicablerange-related MCTs. Table 3-3 provides asummary of the applicability of the range-relatedMCTs to the four Marine Corps range classes.

Table 3-2. JTTs Cross-Referenced to Range-Related MCTs. JTT

General CategoryMCT

Description*Deploy forces and conduct maneuver Conduct amphibious operations

Conduct ship-to-objective maneuver

Conduct offensive forms of maneuver

Conduct amphibious assault

Conduct offensive operations

Conduct noncombatant evacuation operations

Conduct mobility operations

Conduct assault support operations

Conduct defensive operations

Conduct countermobility operations

Conduct antiterrorism operations

Share intelligence Collect data and intelligence

Conduct reconnaissance and surveillance


Employ firepower Conduct fires to destroy an enemy force

Conduct antiair warfare (offensive antiair warfare)

Integrate fire support with the scheme of maneuver

Conduct direct fires

Conduct indirect fires

Attack deep targets

Conduct close air support

Conduct suppression of enemy air defenses

Conduct air interdiction operations

Conduct nonlethal fires

Perform logistics and combat service support Conduct bulk liquid operations

Coordinate material handling operations

Conduct aerial delivery operations

Conduct general engineering operations

Provide combat service support services

Exercise command and control Acquire, process, and communicate information and maintain status of operations

Prepare plans and orders

Direct, lead, and coordinate forces/operations

Conduct information operations

Conduct joint and coalition operations

Protect the force Provide security

Rescue and recover

Perform consequence management

Operate in a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosive environment

*Not a complete list of MCTs.

Table 3-2. JTTs Cross-Referenced to Range-Related MCTs. (Continued)JTT

General CategoryMCT

Description*

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Table 3-3. Applicability of Range-Related MCTs to Marine Corps Range Classes.

MCTs* MCT Title

Marine Corps Range Classes

Individual Level

Unit Level

MAGTFBattalion / MEU

Level

MAGTFRegimental / MEB

LevelMCT 1 Deploy forces and conduct maneuver

MCT 1.3.1.1 Conduct ship-to-objective maneuver X XMCT 1.3.2 Conduct amphibious operations X XMCT 1.3.2.3 Conduct amphibious assault X XMCT 1.3.4 Conduct assault support operations X XMCT 1.4.1 Conduct mobility operations X X XMCT 1.5 Conduct countermobility operations X X XMCT 1.6.1 Conduct offensive operations X X XMCT 1.6.2 Conduct offensive forms of maneuver X X X XMCT 1.6.4 Conduct defensive operations X X XMCT 1.6.6.1 Conduct antiterrorism operations X X X XMCT 1.6.6.6 Conduct noncombatant evacuation operations

(NEO)X X

MCT 2 Develop intelligence

MCT 2.2 Collect data and intelligence X XMCT 2.2.9 Conduct reconnaissance and surveillance X X XMCT 3 Employ firepower

MCT 3.2 Attack targets X X XMCT 3.2.1.3 Integrate fire support with the scheme of maneuver X XMCT 3.2.2.1 Conduct fires to DISRUPT an enemy force X X XMCT 3.2.2.4 Conduct fires to DESTROY an enemy force X X XMCT 3.2.3.1.1 Conduct close air support (CAS) X X X XMCT 3.2.3.1.2.1 Conduct air interdiction X XMCT 3.2.3.2 Conduct antiair warfare (offensive antiair warfare) X XMCT 3.2.3.2.1 Conduct suppression of enemy air defenses

(SEAD) X X XMCT 3.2.4.1 Conduct direct fires X X X XMCT 3.2.4.2 Conduct indirect fires X X X XMCT 3.2.4.2.1 Attack deep targets X X XMCT 3.2.6 Conduct nonlethal fires X XMCT 4 Perform logistics and combat service supportMCT 4.1.2.4.1 Conduct bulk liquid operations X X XMCT 4.2 Conduct maintenance operations X XMCT 4.2.2.8 Conduct recovery and evacuation operations X XMCT 4.3.4 Conduct air delivery X X XMCT 4.3.6 Conduct material handling operations X XMCT 4.4 Provide general engineering operations X X XMCT 5 Exercise command and control


Marine Corps Task List Categories

The following categories define Marine Corpscapability requirements for combat missions,contingency operations, and readiness in thesupport of warfighting.

MCT 1.0—Deploy Forces and Conduct Maneuver

This category of tasks includes the employmentof forces on the battlefield in combination withfire or fire potential. Maneuver is the movementof forces to achieve a position of advantage withrespect to enemy forces. It is a dynamic elementof combat des igned to achieve surpr ise ,psychological shock, physical momentum, andmoral dominance, which enables smaller forcesto defeat larger ones. This category also includesmovement of combat and combat support forces.Specific examples of MAGTF training range-related MCT 1.0 activities include the conductof amphibious operat ions , offensive anddefensive actions, and mobility and counter-mobility operations.

MCT 2.0—Develop Intelligence

This ca tegory includes the planning anddevelopment of intelligence operations. Its goal isto develop intelligence required for planning andconducting tactical operat ions, includinganalyzing the enemy’s capabilities, intentions,and vulnerabilities. Intelligence also refers toanalysis of the environment, to include weatherand the application of tactical decision aids andweather effects matrices on friendly and enemysystems and terra in . Col lect ing data andintelligence and conducting reconnaissance andsurveillance are examples of training range-related MCT 2.0 activities.

MCT 3.0—Employ Firepower

Firepower is the collective and coordinated use oftarget acquisition data, direct and indirect fireweapons, armed aircraft of all types, and otherlethal and nonlethal means against air, ground,and sea targets. This category of tasks includesartillery, mortar, and other non-line-of-sight fires.

MCT 5.1.1 Provide and maintain communications X X XMCT 5.1.1.6 Relay communications X XMCT 5.3.1 Direct operations X X XMCT 5.3.1.2 Exercise tactical command and control X X XMCT 5.3.2.1 Establish/conduct combat operations center (COC)

operations X XMCT 5.4.1.2 Conduct electronic warfare X X XMCT 6 Protect the forceMCT 6.1 Provide security X X XMCT 6.1.1.5 Conduct convoy security X X XMCT 6.2.1 Conduct tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel X XMCT 6.4.5 Conduct enhanced chemical, biological, radiologi-

cal, nuclear, and high-yield explosive operations X X X*Not a complete list of MCTs.

Table 3-3. Applicability of Range-Related MCTs to Marine Corps Range Classes. (Continued)

MCTs* MCT Title


Individual Level

Unit Level

MAGTFBattalion / MEU

Level

MAGTFRegimental / MEB

Level

3-6 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

It includes naval gunfire, NSFS, close air support(CAS), electronic attack, strike, air warfare,antiair warfare (AAW), and interdiction. Specificexamples of training range-related MCT 3.0activities include the conduct of targeting, directand indirect fires, and nonlethal engagement.

MCT 4.0—Perform Logisticsand Combat Service Support

Logistics and combat service support sustainforces in the combat zone by providing healthservices and arming, fueling, fixing, moving,supplying, staffing, and maintaining visibilityover equipment. This support is provided asnecessary to US agencies and friendly nationsand groups. Specific examples of training range-related MCT 4.0 activities include the conduct ofmaintenance operations, recovery and evacuationoperations, air delivery operations, and generalengineering operations.

MCT 5.0—Exercise Command and Control

This category of tasks involves maintainingvis ib i l i ty over and ar ranging personnel ,equipment, and facilities during the planning forand the conduct of military operations. Specificexamples of training range-related MCT 5.0activities include providing and maintainingcommunications, directing operations, exercisingtactical command and control, and establishingand conducting a combat operations center.

MCT 6.0—Protect the Force

This category of tasks includes those measuresthe force takes to remain viable and functional byprotecting itself from the effects of or recoveryfrom enemy activities. Specific examples oftraining range-related MCT 6.0 activities includeproviding security and conducting convoysecurity, assault support such as tactical recoveryof aircraft and personnel operat ions, andenhanced chemical, biological, radiological,nuclear, and high-yield explosive operations.

CHAPTER 4

RANGE CLASSES AND ATTRIBUTES


The required capabilities for Marine Corpsoperational training ranges are divided into fourseparate range classes: individual, unit-level,MEU-level, and MEB-level. The range classesare aligned with the types of training conductedand the size of the units conducting the training.In addition, there are attributes consisting ofoperational elements, system characteristics, andinformation exchange requirements (IERs) andinteroperabili ty that are used to establishthresholds, objectives, and key performanceparameters (KPPs) for the range classes.

Individual-Level Training Range

The individual-level operational training rangesupports individual training standards (ITS) foreach element of a MAGTF, providing the basictraining environment associated with theMAGTF aviation combat element (ACE), groundcombat element (GCE), and logistics combatelement (LCE). It also supports the basic infantrycombat skills taught at the School of Infantry andspecific training events associated with otherformal schools.

Unit-Level Operational Training Range

The unit-level operational training range supportsthe set of small-unit offensive and defensivetac t i c s and ope ra t ions a s soc ia t ed wi thexpeditionary MAGTF forces against hostile orpotentially hostile forces. It also supports all typesof aircraft, weapons, special operations forces,landing forces, and ground forces employed inconcerted military efforts. These efforts includeoperational maneuver from the sea (OMFTS) and

ship-to-objective maneuver (STOM). The unit-level operational training range supports tacticsand operations associated with all training phasesof small unit-level missions and employs varyingdegrees of immersion to better stimulate thecombat environment.

MEU-Level Operational Training Range

The MEU-level operational training rangesupports the set of offensive and defensive tacticsand operations associated with expeditionaryMAGTF forces against hostile or potentiallyhostile forces. It also supports the aircraft,weapons, ordnance, special operations forces,landing forces, and ground forces employed inconcerted military presence and engagementefforts such as OMFTS and STOM.

MEB-Level Operational Training Range

The MEB-level operational training rangesupports the set of offensive and defensive tacticsand operations associated with small-scalecontingency expeditionary MAGTF forcesagainst hostile or potentially hostile forces. Itsupports all types of aircraft, weapons, specialoperations forces, landing forces, and groundforces that will be employed in concerted crisisresponse military efforts that are characterized byhigh-density, high-risk operations.

Marine Corps Range Attributes

The required capabilities for the Marine Corpstraining range infrastructure are measured usingcommon attributes; specifically, operationalelements, system of system characteristics, andIERs and interoperability.

4-2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

Operational Elements

The Marine Corps training range infrastructureincludes three operational elements: airspace, seaspace, and land area.

Airspace Airspace refers to any one of several types ofcontrolled and uncontrolled airspace required tosupport range operations. Types of airspace couldinclude restricted areas, warning areas, militaryoperating areas, and air traffic control assignedairspace. Airspace is defined by horizontal, area,vertical, and temporal measurements whereinactivities must be confined because of their natureor wherein limitations may be imposed onnonparticipating aircraft. The horizontal and areameasurements are in nautical miles and squarenautical miles, respectively. The verticalmeasurement is a linear measure described in feet,measured upward from the surface of the earth tosome altitude above mean sea level. The temporalmeasurement is in days, hours, and minutes.

Sea Space Sea space is an operating area defined byhorizontal, area, and temporal measurements.The horizontal and area measurements are innautical miles and square nautical miles,respectively. The temporal measurement is indays, hours, and minutes.

Land Area Land area is also an operating area defined byhorizontal, area, and temporal measurements. Thehorizontal and area measurements are in feet ormiles and square miles/acres, respectively.MOUT training imposes special considerationsassociated with land area as it will also include avertical dimension because of the requirement toaccommodate both above- and below-street leveltraining. The temporal measurement is in days,hours, and minutes.

System of Systems Characteristics

The Marine Corps range infrastructure includes asystem of systems composed of six major compo-nents discussed in the following paragraphs.

Scheduling System The scheduling system includes all necessarycomponents and elements of a common rangemanagement system endorsed and fielded byheadquarters Marine Corps. These elementsinclude software applications. This system is usedby range personnel and users to determine itscapability, availability, and assignment for use. Italso helps range management personnel to mea-sure the range’s usage.

Communications System The communications system includes all neces-sary components and elements used by range per-sonnel to establish and maintain secure andnonsecure, two-way, point-to-point, surface-to-surface (S/S), and A/G communications withrange operators, range maintainers, and rangeusers. It could also include interrange communi-cations not covered by IERs and interoperability,radio transmitters, receivers, transceivers, com-munications antennas, interface devices, andcryptology equipment.

Meteorological SystemThe meteorological (MET) system includes allnecessary components and elements used byrange personnel and users for determining anddisplaying current weather conditions. Thissystem includes weather observing equipment,weather data transmission systems, and weatherinformation storage and display systems.

Target System The target system comprises all necessarycomponents and elements associated withpresenting and controlling fixed and mobile landand air targets, target body, active and passiveemitters and augmentation mounted on the


target to provide performance feedback toshooters, and target control systems. The targetsystem could also include vir tual targetsgenerated by elements of the instrumentationsystem. Some typical targets are fixed andmobile targets and their associated ranges, suchas bulls-eye, strafe, nontactical, tactical, andtime-critical targets that support A/G, NSFS,artillery, mortar, antiarmor, and small armstactics training and weapons expenditure.

Instrumentation SystemThe ins t rumenta t ion sys tem includes a l lnecessary components and elements associatedwith event tracking, range control (RC), exercisecontrol and coordination (EC&C), modeling andsimulation (M&S), scoring, and debriefing/afteraction review (AAR). It also comprises elementssuch as radar, optical, global positioning, andtracking systems; data processing and displaysystems; threat and weapons system simulators,emulators, and employment models; automatedand visual scoring systems; and recording,reconstruction, replay, and display equipmentand facilities.

Opposition Force SystemThe opposition force (OPFOR) system includesall necessary live and virtual components andelements associated with presenting friendlyevent participants engaged in force-on-force andlive fire training with a proactive and reactiveenemy. The OPFOR is the key component of atraining environment that replicates, to thegreatest extent practical, the expected enemyorder of battle in the planned area of operations.In many instances, the OPFOR will not beassigned to the range that is supporting therequired range function; however, the OPFORrepresents an integral and essential part of anyrange’s ability to create a meaningful trainingexper i ence . A typ ica l OPFOR migh t becomposed of any or all of the following elements:

Aircraft and aircrew.Artillery and artillery crews.

Armored vehicles and their crews.Combat and support ground personnel.Radar and electro-optical tracking equipment.Weapons systems, performance models createdby the M&S system, and tactics associatedwith any of the five preceding bullets.Fixed or mobile targets.An electronic combat capability.The command and control element that allowsthe OPFOR to perform as a proactive orreactive enemy.

Electronic combat is one of the elements of anOPFOR that can be characterized quantitativelyby frequency regardless of the location where thecomponent is employed. An OPFOR may employeither offensive electronic attack or defensiveelectronic protection forms of electronic combat.The employment of the electronic combatweapons by the OPFOR creates a characteristicradio frequency (RF) signature that is referred toas an electronic order of battle (EOB). Thecapability of a range to recreate an EOB requiresthat the range be able to simulate the basicelements of electronic combat, which include—

Search, acquisition, and tracking radars.Antiaircraft artillery systems.Surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems.S/S missile and artillery systems.RF (including optical) signatures related toweapons guidance systems.RF and optical jamming.

Electronic combat threats are characterized bylevels according to the complexity or degree ofintegration. The four electronic combat threatlevels are—

Level one represents a limited number (1–2) ofthreat weapon system emitters used primarilyfor threat signal recognition. Its systems gener-ate signals with sufficient realism and fidelityto stimulate friendly platforms’ signal recogni-tion, processing, and display systems.

4-4 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

Level two includes sufficient electronic com-bat emitters to provide multiple coordinatedthreats with accurate threat replication. Its sys-tems support friendly sensor/countermeasuresemployment and targeting.Level three includes a high-density, multi-axis,coordinated threat environment of varioustypes and capabilities throughout the exercisearea. Its systems replicate the signal character-istics, geographic placement, operational doc-trine, and command and control associatedwith coordinated threat operations.Level four includes a high-density, multi-axis,coordinated threat environment of varioustypes and capabilities throughout the exercisearea. Unlike electronic combat threat level

three, it provides reactive, coordinated threatsfrom all axes and operators highly proficient incoordinated threat operations and tactics.

Information ExchangeRequirements and Interoperability

The Marine Corps range infrastructure IERsreflect the information needs of both the range-related and nonrange-related systems supported.The IERs a re the bas i s fo r ensur ing theinteroperability of the Marine Corps rangeinfrastructure with other Services’ ranges,systems, units, and forces in order to be able tooperate together effectively.

CHAPTER 5

RANGE INFRASTRUCTURE

This publication establishes a common set ofrange operational elements and range-relatedsystems and subsystems used to describe therequired capabilities of a range infrastructure.These elements include a complex mix ofgeography and equipment to support numerousrange users and range operations.

The suite of ranges, as listed in appendix A,defines the specific range requirements for eachlevel of training. The suite outlines the maneuver/training area, impact areas, live fire ranges,aviation ranges, and MOUT complexes requiredto conduct training events as delegated in MarineCorps orders specifying ITS and promulgatingT&R manuals. Where applicable, each individualrange or training area is directly linked to adefined Deputy Commandant for Installationsand Logistics (DC I&L) facility category codeand RTA description or definition. Appendix Aalso includes the live fire range threshold landarea requirements, by dimensions and total areafor the various live fire ranges.

The appendix is intended to provide the baselinerequirement for each level of training. Specificcomplex requirements, such as number and typeof ranges for each complex, is dependent upon acomplex or installation’s defined mission, unitsto be supported, capacity, throughput, and thecommander’s discretion. The following para-graphs provide information on the five generaltypes of ranges contained in appendix A, toinclude sources for dimensional and areaattributes where available. Appendix B provides alist of additional range assets that are also essen-tial to range infrastructure.

Maneuver/Training Areas

Maneuver/training areas and live fire andmaneuver training area/ranges are defined by thelevel in which they support training: individual,un i t , and MAGTF. Doc t r i na l l y -de f inedrequirements outlined by Marine Corps ITS andT&R requirements or doctrinally-accepted USArmy-defined training land requirements outlinedin Training Circular (TC) 25-1, Training Land,are used to determine specific dimensions andoverall area. Surface danger zones are used indetermining the dimensions and area for the livefire and maneuver training area or rangespursuant to Marine Corps Order (MCO) 3570.1B,Range Safety, and Department of the Army (DA)Pamphlet 385-63, Range Safety.

Impact Areas

There are three types of impact areas used as abaseline requirement at each training level—duded, nondudded, and temporarily dudded:

A dudded, dedicated impact area haspermanently delineated boundaries normallyused to contain nonsensitive, high explosive,military munitions. A high hazard impact areais a permanently designated impact area usedto contain sensitive, high explosive militarymunitions and is normally delineated within adedicated impact area where access i srestricted due to explosive safety hazards.

5-2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

A nondudded impact area has designatedboundaries used to contain nonexplosivemilitary munitions. These areas are primarilycomposed of small arms range safety fans andare available for maneuver when not used formilitary munitions training.A temporarily dudded impact area is primarilyused to conta in nonexplos ive mi l i ta rymunitions that may be temporarily used tocontain nonsensitive, high explosive, militarymunitions. A temporarily dudded impact areashould be capable of being cleared formaneuver. Impact area descriptions aredelineated per the DC I&L facility categorycodes, Naval Facilities Engineering CommandP-Publication P-72, Department of the NavyFacility Category Codes. This code listing iscontained within DOD Instruction 4165.3,Department of Defense Facility Classes andConstruction Categories.

Specific dimensions and area requirements forimpact areas are not defined. These attributes arestrictly determined by the types and frequency offire support and aviation ordnance used at eachindividual range or complex.

Live Fire Ranges

Live fire range listings will differ through eachlevel of training. Dimension and area calculationsare derived from baseline attributes outlined inTC 25-8, Training Ranges. Individual rangedescriptions and baseline characteristics aredefined by the appropriate facility category code.

Aviation Ranges

The required aviation range attributes are basedupon the six functional areas of Marine aviation:

Offensive air support (OAS).Close air support.Deep air support.

AAW. Offensive antiair warfare.Air defense.

Assault support.Air reconnaissance.Electronic combat.Control of aircraft and missiles.

Dimensional and area attributes are directlyderived from doctrinal ITS and T&R require-ments. Training requirements for control ofaircraft and missiles do not directly correlate tospecific range requirements.

Military Operations on UrbanizedTerrain Training Facilities/Complexes

The attributes of MOUT facilities or complexesare defined and listed in four categories: MOUTfacility (small), MOUT facility (large), MAGTF-level MOUT facility, and military operations onurbanized terra in assaul t course (MAC).Description and characteristics of each type offacility are defined by facility category code.

CHAPTER 6

COMMON MARINE CORPS RANGEREQUIREMENTS AND ATTRIBUTES

There are six common Marine Corps rangerequirements and attributes: high-level requiredcapabilities, IERs and interoperability, suitability,the scheduling system, the MET system, and theinstrumentation system. The specific requiredcapabilities associated with these commonrequirements and attributes are detailed in thefollowing paragraphs.

High-Level Required Capabilities

The following high-level required capabilities,representing both thresholds and objectives, areapplicable to all classes of ranges and all levelsof training:

Adequate airspace with absolute volume,clearances, and authorizations to allow the useof long-range platform sensors, tactics, andweapons a s soc i a t ed w i t h d e t e c t i o n ,classification, identification, and neutralizationof hostile threats.The use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS)technology for hardware and sof twareapplications.A threat environment representative of thepotential real-world area of operations.Sufficient (and usable) RF bandwidth foremploying onboard sensors, communications,and intelligence collection and distributionsystems.A communications system that includes RC,exercise control, and datalink circuits thatallow the unimpeded exchange of secure andnonsecure intra- and inter-range information

and data among all range organizations, on-and off-range participants, and designatedobservers.An instrumentation system, independent of afixed geographic location, that provides real-time observation; post-mission reconstruction;replay and debrief of participants’ time, space,and position information (TSPI); and moni-toring of weapon system status, employment,performance, and “kill” determination.A robust data collection, processing, andcommunications capability and capacity fordepicting real-time force dispositions andmaneuvering, key combat systems data,EC&C, and virtual range activities.For designated Joint National TrainingCapability (JNTC) ranges, compatibility withthe JNTC concept, which includes a JNTC-compatible architecture for the exchange oflow-latency live, virtual, or constructive dataand information.

Information ExchangeRequirements and Interoperability

Information Exchange Requirements

An IER characterizes the information exchangesto be performed by and with a proposed systemof systems. A top-level IER identifies whoexchanges what information with whom, why thein fo rma t ion i s nece s sa ry , and how theinformation exchange should occur. The top-leveltraining range IERs identify the training rangeinformation that is exchanged to support training

6-2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

range-related tasks. They also identify where theinformation exchange may occur between two ormore training range information exchange nodesor between training range information exchangenodes and nontraining range informationexchange nodes. The following informationexchange nodes are included in the top-leveltraining range IERs:

Officer conducting the exercise (OCE)—theindividual or set of individuals, who may beashore or afloat, responsible for evaluating theperformance of range participants for purposesof determining the participants’ combatreadiness.Participant—a friendly or OPFOR aircraft,ship, ground vehicle, personnel, or a commandand control element and its on-board sensorsand systems.RC—the facilities and equipment that providereal-time monitoring and control of on-rangeevents and the range resources that supportthose events.Range scheduling (RS)—the facilities andequipment that are used to reserve a specificrange period and assign specif ic rangeresources to support an on-range event.Range tracking (RT)—the facilities andequipment that are not associated with aspecific range resource OPFOR weaponsystem but do provide TSPI of all on-rangeparticipant activities. The RT may includededicated training range tracking systems, suchas radar, optical, identification friend and foe,and instrumentation. It may also include off-range tracking systems, such as a fleet areacontrol and surveillance facility radar or an airstation approach control radar.

Range electronic warfare (REW)—the ground-based facilities and equipment that generate RFsignals to simulate or replicate an OPFOREOB.Range targets—the facilities, equipment, andmaterials against which participants executeattacks and employ weapons. Targets, whichcould be air, ground, surface, or subsurface,also include the imbedded and remote scoringsystems associated with them.Range Data Collection and Processing System(RDCPS)—the local and remote facilities andequipment that collect and correlate real-timeinformation related to participant TSPI, RT,REW, targets, and range simulation (see table6-1) activities. The RDCPS also includes thefacilities and equipment used to perform real-time assessment of weapons engagements,including the probability of kill (PK) againstboth live and virtual targets.Range simulation—the facilities and equip-ment used to generate a v i r tua l threa tenvironment and virtual targets. The simula-tion could be a stand-alone system or withinanother system, such as targets or RDCPS.Range debriefing (RD)—the facilities andequipment used by participants and the OCE toview on-range events in real-time and toconduct post-mission review/AAR of on-rangeevents. The RD facilities and equipment maybe located at the range or at remote locations,either ashore or afloat.

The top-level training range IERs, which areuniversal across all levels of training, arepresented in table 6-1. Critical IERs necessitateinformation exchange or the training in theindicated MCT will be impacted adversely.


Table 6-1. Marine Corps Training Range Top-Level IERs.

MCT Event/ActionInformation

CharacterizationSending

NodeReceiving

NodeCritical(Y/N) Notes

MCT 5 Request range period

Command & ControlUser ID, type and number of participants, training event name and number, range, time, ordnance planned, range support required

ParticipantOCE

RSRC

Y

MCT 5 Range schedule confirmation

Command & ControlUser ID, range ID, time scheduled, exceptions torequested range support

RS ParticipantOCERC

Y

MCT 5 Range check-in Command & ControlParticipant ID, TSPI, avail-able weapon systems information

ParticipantTargetsREW

RCREWTargetsRDRDCPS

Y

MCT 1 MCT 1.3.1.1 MCT 1.3.2 MCT 1.3.2.3 MCT 1.3.4MCT 1.4.1MCT 1.5 MCT 1.6.1MCT 1.6.2MCT 1.6.6.1

Participant maneuver

Situational AwarenessParticipant ID, TSPI

ParticipantTargetsRT

RDCPSRDRCOCE

Y

N/A Generation of avirtual target or threat simulation

Situational AwarenessTarget track data, EW, threat signal data

SIM Participants RDCPSRemote RDCPSRDOCE

N If JNTC event, would be distributed to JNTC enterprise

MCT 1.3.1.1 MCT 1.3.2 MCT 1.3.2.3 MCT 1.3.4MCT 1.4.1MCT 1.5MCT 1.6.1MCT 1.6.2MCT 1.6.4MCT 1.6.6.1

Weapon systemsemployment

TargetingDetection, targeting,tracking, weapontype, number ofweapons, weaponrelease

ParticipantSIMREW

RDCPSRDParticipantOCE

Y Weapons fired by or against participant, live or virtual targets, or REW; includes all availablesensor and weaponssystem data

All range-related MCTs

Data processingand correlation

Situational AwarenessAll available range data

RDCPS Remote RDCPSJNTC Enterprise

Y

MCT 3.2 MCT 3.2.2.1 MCT 3.2.2.4MCT 3.2.3.1.1 MCT 3.2.3.1.2.1 MCT 3.2.3.2MCT 3.2.3.2.1

Engagementoutcome

TargetingPK and “kill” notification

RDCPS ParticipantOCERD

Real time–Y

Post mission–Y

Applies to simulatedweapons employment; requires weapons M&S

6-4 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

Interoperability Key Performance ParameterThe top-level training range IERs are the basisfor measuring the achievement of training rangeinteroperability. The threshold for training rangeinteroperability is the achievement of all criticaltop-level IERs, while the objective for trainingrange interoperability is the achievement of alltop-level IERs.

Suitability

Table 6-2 presents range suitability characteris-tics for the entire system of systems at any range.Threshold and objective are met concurrently inthis table. These characteristics are applicable toall range classes and all levels of training.

Scheduling System

The scheduling system for ranges should allowpotential range users access to a web-enableddatabase of descriptive information with individ-ual range resources for the entire Marine Corpsrange infrastructure and the ability to submit afuture schedule request for a range or trainingarea. The objective for the scheduling systemshould be an interactive, web-enabled databasethrough which ITS are interfaced with aircraft,surface combatant, subsurface combatant, andground element training requirements. Thisobjective, as required by T&R manuals, isdescribed in the following paragraphs.

MCT 3.2 MCT 3.2.2.1 MCT 3.2.2.4MCT 3.2.3.1.1MCT 3.2.3.1.2.1MCT 3.2.3.2MCT 3.2.3.2.1

Weapons scoring TargetingWeapons impact, weapon miss distance

Targets ParticipantRCOCERD

Real time—N

Postmission—Y


Event monitoring and control

Situational AwarenessAll processed range data information

RDCPS RCOCERDJNTC Enterprise

Y Event monitoring and con-trol may be at the range (local) or at a remote location

MCT 1.3.1.1 MCT 1.3.2 MCT 3.2.1.3 MCT 3.2.3.1.1 MCT 4.1.2.4.1MCT 4.2 MCT 4.3.4 MCT 4.3.6 MCT 4.4 MCT 5.3.1 MCT 5.3.1.2

Coordinated range operations

TrackingAll processed training range data and information

RDCPS JNTC EnterpriseRemote RDCPS

JNTC ranges—Y Non-JNTC ranges—N

Transfer of data from one range to another to enable coordinated operations between remote range facilities


Training eventdebrief/AAR

Situational AwarenessAll processed range data information

RDCPS RDOCEJNTC Enterprise

Y Debrief may be conducted at the host range (local) or at a remote location

ID=identificationSIM=simulation

Table 6-1. Marine Corps Training Range Top-Level IERs. (Continued)

MCT Event/ActionInformation

CharacterizationSending

NodeReceiving

NodeCritical(Y/N) Notes


.

Pre-Event Module

The pre-event module for a range schedulingsystem should be capable of supporting unit-levelqueries based upon the type of training and thesize of the unit to be trained. Based upon thequery, the pre-event module should be capable ofsearching a database of the entire Marine Corpsrange infrastructure to identify and display whichranges or range complexes posses the specifictraining resources required to support theidentified training event. The pre-event moduleshould also be capable of indicating which of thequalified ranges have open range periods.

It should also identify competing requests for thesame range period or range resources to affectedrange facility schedulers. Range schedulerswould be responsible for adjudicating these con-flicts and notifying requesting units of the resultsof their adjudication. The module should auto-matically generate a confirmation to the request-ing unit confirming the scheduled period, trainingevent to be supported, and list of range resourcesscheduled. This notification should identify anyrequired resources that are not available for thescheduled range period.

The pre-event module should be flexible andresponsive to late cancellations by scheduled

users. Upon notification of a cancellation, itshould broadcast a range cancellation or avail-ability notification to all interested subscribers toallow the greatest opportunity for the newlyreleased range period to be rescheduled, ratherthan have the related range resources go unused.

Real-Time Event Module

The real-time event module should allow therange controller to enter into the schedulingsystem all event-related data prior to, during, andafter the event. This data includes, but is notlimited to, differences between requested rangeresources and actual range resources available atthe start of the event; event start and stop times;number and types of participants; airspace, seaspace, land area, and targets used; type andnumber of ordnance expended; and scoring.

Post-Event Module

The post-event module should interface with allother post-event reports and generate a summaryof data collected by pre-event and real-time eventmodules. It should also automatically generaterequired range utilization reports in requiredformats, such as the report increment of theRange Facilities Management Support System.

Table 6-2. Training Range Suitability Characteristics.

Characteristic Threshold Objective

Operational availability* 0.82% 0.85%

Mean time to repair <7.0 hours 6.5 hours

Mean time between failure* 100.0 hours 120.0 hours

Mean time between mission critical failure 125.0 hours 150.0 hours

Built-in test fault detection rate 80.0% 90.0%

*Indicates a KPP.

6-6 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

Meteorological System

The MET system should collect and reportpresent weather conditions, such as temperature,barometric pressure, cloud height, visibility, windspeed, wind direction, and sea state. Althoughpresent weather conditions at a range complexmay result in an event cancellation due to targetobscuration, the inability to employ someexisting target designation/weapon guidancesystems, or the anticipated impact of the weathercondit ions on environmental compliancerequirements, it is reasonable to assume thatfuture weapon systems capabilities associatedwith target detection and weapon guidance willprevent the need for on-site MET systems.

Instrumentation System

The instrumentation system at any range complexmay exist as a stand-alone, dedicated system, oras a distributed set of capabilities that are embed-ded within other existing or stand-alone systemsand subsystems. Regardless of the physicalstructure, range instrumentation will consist ofthe following six major elements that contributeto the training range environment at the individ-ual, unit, MEB, and MEU levels.

Tracking

Tracking provides event participants with TSPI.High fidelity TSPI, which is characterized by highupdate rates, mobile COTS-based display systems,and positional accuracy, is required by tacticalaircraft, unmanned aircraft systems (UASs), andinstrumented exercise weapons such as missiles.Low fidelity TSPI, which is characterized bylower update rates and positional accuracy, istypically useful only for nontactical aircraft,personnel, and ground units such as air cushion,armored, amphibious, or mechanized vehicles.These are ground-based display systems that are

not dependent upon specific equipment suites orfixed facilities.

The TSPI tracking systems should operate in anenvironment where the ground-based reception/display segments of the TSPI tracking systemsare not tied to any fixed geographical position orfacility. Rather, the ground-based reception/dis-play segments of the TSPI tracking systemsshould be transportable to allow participant TSPIdata to be received and displayed at any desiredlocation, including shipboard.

The required capability for TSPI at any level oftraining will be indicated by the requiredmaximum number of high fidelity and lowfidelity TSPI tracks to be provided. The numberof high fidelity and low fidelity TSPI tracks wasderived from training requirements included inapplicable training manuals, fleet exercisepublications, and exercise scenarios associatedwith MCTs and expeditionary operations.

Range Control

Range control refers to the ability of rangeoperations personnel to observe on-range eventactivities in real-time and provide directions toevent participants or make the event-related dataavailable to other observers. The requiredcapability for RC at any level of training will beindicated as YES or NO for two separate displaycriteria: two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D).

Exercise Control and Coordination

Exercise control and coordination refers to theability of the exercise controlling authority toobserve and control exercise event activities inreal-time, provide directions to event participants,input flexibility into exercise scenarios, and makeevent-related data available to other observers inboth real-time and post exercise situations. Therequired capability for EC&C at any level oftraining will be indicated as YES or NO for three


separate criteria: 2-D, 3-D for exercise controllers,and whether there is the potential to interface withthe JNTC enterprise.

Modeling and Simulation

Modeling and simulation provides detailedsystem and equipment performance capability,such as search patterns, pointing angles, weaponsfly-out profiles, lethality curves, RF and infraredspectral signatures, and PK for both friendly andOPFOR weapon systems. It also can simulate asystem’s RF characteristics to stimulate a weaponsystem’s receiver, processing, and displaysystems. The M&S objective allows the range torecreate a virtual operational environment thatemulates the intended area of operations,allowing event participants to experience thegeographical details of the expected area ofoperations. The required capability for M&S forany level of training will be indicated as YES orNO for the following types of training scenarios:air to air (A/A), A/G, surface to air (S/A), andS/S, including ground operations.

Scoring

Scoring refers to the ability to detect and reportthe success or PK of live or virtual trainingweapons employed on the range. The requiredcapability for scoring at any level of training isstipulated by type, feedback, and real time kill

notification (RTKN). The type of scoring iscategorized as automatic or manual, the latterrequiring human intervention to report the resultsof the weapons employment. If feedback isnecessary, the required capability will stipulatewhether that feedback should be provided in realtime, post mission, or both. Finally, where arequired capabil i ty for RTKN exists , therequirement will stipulate whether the RTKNshould be reported automatically or by voice, thelatter requiring a human observer intervention.

Event Debrief/After Action Review

Event debrief/AAR allows the system to taketracking, M&S, and scoring data from a givenevent and provide a detai led, post-event,interactive environment for event participants andobservers to review, replay, assess, and critiquethe participants’ performance. The requiredcapability for event debrief/AAR at any level oftraining will stipulate whether the capabilityshould be available locally at the host range,remotely at another range or location, or both.Remote event debrief/AAR should not requireinstrumentation system-specific equipment or adedicated debrief facility; rather, it should beavai lable to par t ic ipants v ia wire less orbroadband connection in a format compatible fordisplay on personal computer/laptop technologyat any location, ashore or afloat.

CHAPTER 7

REQUIRED INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL TRAINING RANGE CAPABILITIES

Individual-Level Training

Marine Corps individual-level training reinforcesthe basic combat infantry skills and supports per-sonnel and platform training requirements associ-ated with the Marine Corps ITS at the individualand progressive levels of training. The ITSdescribe the required essential core and core plusskills (1000- and 2000-level T&R events) for thebasic building blocks required of Marines of theACE, GCE, and LCE.

Aviation Combat Element

The individual-level training range supportscrews of fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft thatwill deploy as part of the Marine expeditionaryforce (MEF). The fixed-wing ACE platformsinclude fighter, attack, electronic warning/electronic attack, and support aircraft. Therotary-wing ACE plat forms include bothtransport and attack helicopters and vertical/short takeoff and landing aircraft (V/STOL).The ITS associated with these fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft platforms and individual Marineskills are described in the individual platformT&R manuals. There is also a ground supportelement within the ACE whose individual rangerequirements are very similar to that of theLCE. All LCE individual range requirementsshould be applied to ACE ground supportelement requirements.

Ground Combat Element

The individual-level training range supports thecombat vehicle crews for tanks and amphibiousand armored vehicles, artillery crews includingthose staffing battlefield rocket-launching

systems, and Marines assigned to individual andcrew-served weapons within a MEF’s operationaland support units. The ITS associated with theseGCE assets are described in formal curricula andoutlined in each occupational field’s T&R manual.

Logistics Combat Element

The individual-level training range supportsindividual vehicle and equipment crews,including trucks, refuelers, and expeditionaryairfield refueling systems. The ITS associatedwith these platforms and the individual Marineskills are outlined in each occupational field’sT&R manual.

Operational Concept

The operational concept for individual-levelrange requirements is assessed based on a com-prehensive training scenario derived from theUJTL and directly linked to the MCTL. TheMCTL then drives the individual T&R require-ments as defined in ITS. The following opera-tions and events from the operations list of theUJTL and their associated mission-essential tasksform the basis for assessment of the requiredrange attributes:

Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acqui-sition. Command and control warfare. Information operations. Suppression of enemy air defenses. Joint interdiction. AAW.Forcible entry/expeditionary assault. Movement to contact.

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Attack. Pursuit. Exploitation. Rear area security.Defensive AAW.Area defense.Mobile operations.Delay.Withdrawal.Combat tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel.Deployment.Counterterrorism.Antiterrorism.

Individual-Level Suite of Ranges

The suite of ranges described in table 7-1provides the baseline range requirements for eachMAGTF element for individual level training.

Required Capabilities


The Marine Corps range infrastructure’s opera-tional elements are composed of airspace, seaspace, and land area and are described at the indi-vidual training level.

Airspace The airspace threshold is achieved for ACE A/Gtraining with a 20 nm x 20 nm range extendingfrom the surface to 25,000 ft. The airspace objec-tive is achieved by the following GCE, ACE, andLCE training:

Training for GCE and LCE requires a 12-hour,day/night period on a range with airspace thatextends from the surface to 25,000 ft aboveground level (AGL) to support the use of livefire mortars, artillery, and direct fire weapons.

Table 7-1. Individual-Level Suite of Ranges.GCE Suite

Maneuver/training areaDedicated impact area—duddedImpact area—nonduddedImpact area—temporarily duddedBasic 10m–30m zero firing rangeAutomated field-fire (AFF) rangeRifle known-distance (KD) rangeAutomated sniper field-fire rangePistol KD rangeAutomated multi-purpose machine gun (MPMG) rangeAutomated grenade launcher range40mm (grenade) machine gun qualification range

Automated anti-armor tracking and live-fire rangeTank/fighting vehicle stationary gunnery rangeIndirect fire rangeAutomated multi-purpose training rangeFire and movement rangeAutomated infantry squad battle courseLive hand grenade rangeNonstandardized engineer qualification rangeLight demolition rangeMACMOUT collective training facility (small)Breacher range

ACE Suite

Dedicated impact area—duddedImpact area—nonduddedImpact area—temporarily duddedOAS range

EW/combat rangeBasic 10m–30m zero firing rangeRifle KD rangePistol KD range

LCE Suite

Dedicated impact area—duddedImpact area—nonduddedImpact area—temporarily duddedBasic 10m–30m zero firing rangeAFF rangeRifle KD range

Pistol KD rangeAutomated MPMG range40mm (grenade) machine gun qualification rangeNonstandardized engineer qualification rangeLight demolition range


The horizontal limits of the airspace shouldextend to 10 nm on either side of the trainingrange land areaTraining for ACE requires the following:

The OAS range requires a 30-minute periodon a 25 nm x 25 nm range with airspace thatextends from the ocean’s surface to 30,000 ftAGL. The area should be cleared for use ofA/G gunnery, free-fall and guided A/Gmunitions, laser designating devices, and theexpenditure of chaff and flares.The AAW range requires a 30-minute periodon a 20 nm x 50 nm range with airspace thatextends from the surface to 50,000 ft AGL.The airspace must allow supersonic flight. The assault support range requires a 30-minute period on a 20 nm x 50 nm rangewith airspace that extends from the surfaceto 25,000 ft AGL. The airspace must overliea land area with significant topographicalfeatures. Area should be cleared for A/Ggunnery, laser devices, and the expenditureof chaff and flares.The air reconnaissance range requires a 30-minute period on a 20 nm x 50 nm rangewith airspace that extends from the surfaceto 50,000 ft AGL. The airspace must overliea land area with significant topographicalfea tures . The a i r space should a l lowsupersonic flight.The EW range requires a 45-minute periodin an area 30 nm x 60 nm, from surface to30,000 ft AGL and must allow the use ofchaff and flares.

Sea Space The sea space objective and threshold areachieved concurrently by the following criteriafor GCE and LCE training: a day/night period ofup to 12-hours in a 300 nm2 area that is at least10 nm wide, contiguous to the beachfront,capable of supporting amphibious vehicle andlanding craft training, and that extends seaward tothe simulated amphibious ready group (ARG)/expeditionary strike group (ESG) element

location. The objective and threshold for fixed-and rotary-wing day/night shipboard qualificationACE training are met with a 60-minute day/nightperiod in a designated operational area extendingfrom surface to 20,000 ft AGL.

Land Area The land area threshold is achieved for ACE withland area dimensions of 10 nm x 10 nm. The landarea objective is achieved by the followingcriteria for GCE, ACE, and LCE training:

Training for the GCE requires a 12 hour periodon a day/night area. Specific land area traininghas the following requirements:

Maneuver training requires a dedicated areaof at least 68 mi2 (176 km2) or 43,520 acres.These dimensions must a lso suppor tamphibious training requirements thatrequire a dedicated beachfront and arederived from the required area to supportarmor offense/threat situational trainingexercise and maneuver/land navigation(MCO 3500.100, Tank Training andReadiness Manual, MCO 3500.16, LightArmor Reconnaissance Training andReadiness Manual, and TC 25-1). Suite of live fire ranges require an estimated16 mi2 area (41.44 km2) or 10,240 acres, toaccommodate the defined list of individual-level ranges and their associated surfaced a n g e r z o n e s ( S D Z s ) . L a n d a r e arequirements may be reduced dependentupon mission, type of units supported, andquantity of ranges needed based uponcapacity and throughput.

Training for LCE is the same as GCE exceptthat live fire ranges require an estimated landarea of 5 mi2 (12.11 km2) or 2,992 acres toaccommodate the defined list of individual-level live fire ranges to include all SDZs.Training for ACE requires a 30-minute periodon a 20 nm x 20 nm range with significanttopographical features. Land area should becleared for the use of live or inert and live A/G

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gunnery, precision and nonprecision, inert andlive A/G munitions (up to 2,000 lbs). Landarea should allow the use of chaff and flares,and be cleared for use of laser targeting anddesignating devices. Portions of the land areashould be cleared for use as a designatedlanding zone (LZ) and/or drop zone (DZ).Live fire ranges require an estimated land areaof 30 nm2 (5 nm x 6 nm) to accommodate thedefined list of individual-level live fire rangesto include all SDZs.

System of Systems

A system of systems supports the individualt ra in ing range level and comprises com-munications, target system, instrumentationsystem, and OPFOR systems. The followingdescriptions include thresholds and objectives ofthe required capabilities.

Communications System The communications system includes all neces-sary components and elements used by range per-sonnel to establish and maintain secure andnonsecure, two-way, point-to-point, S/S, and A/Gcommunications. These communications mayinclude interrange communications not coveredby IERs and interoperability, such as radio trans-mitters, receivers, transceivers, communicationsantennas, interface devices, and cryptologyequipment. The threshold is met with at least onededicated RC circuit and one dedicated exercisecontrol circuit. The communications system’sobjective for the three training elements is metwith two dedicated RC circuits and at least twodedicated exercise control circuits.

Target System The threshold for ACE is met by having at leastone target complex with at least one separateweapons target site that allows the use of livefire inert and live ordnance. The target system

objective for GCE, ACE, and LCE training ismet by the following criteria:

For GCE training, target sites can be composedof fixed, mobile, hard, and soft targets. Theyvary in size and composition to support livefire and indirect and direct fire weaponsystems, and include small arms and armor/antiarmor. They should provide a shoot backcapability and automated scoring. There shouldbe static, moving, and pop-up targets arrangedat fixed and variable distances and configuredto represent various military operations, units,and capabi l i t i es . Moving ta rge t speedrequirements are 2, 4, 6, and 9 mph with theability to move 22 ft across frontage forengagement times. Targets should be ofsufficient number and type to satisfy all basic-level ITS requirements for each Marine Corpsindividual infantry weapon system.Training for LCE is the same as GCE training,except targets should also support mineclearing operations, both deliberate and in-stride, and counter barrier operations.ACE training consists of at least one targetcomplex with at least two separate weaponstarget sites that allow the use of live fire inertand live ordnance. The targets should be com-posed of scored, raked, and strafe ranges andrepresentative CAS targets, and should includemobile land targets that can be engaged on anyheading (180-degree engagement profile mini-mum). Each target site should include a mini-mum of four targets to support strike planningand execution, with a minimum of four desiredmean points of impact (DMPIs) per target.

Instrumentation System Table 7-2 describes the concurrent objective andthreshold for the instrumentation system at theindividual training level. Its elements correspond tothe instrumentation system discussion on page 7-5.

Opposition Force SystemThe OPFOR system for the GCE and LCEtraining threshold requires fixed and movingtargets, at least some of which must be reactive.


For ACE training, the threshold must have nomore than two live, fixed-wing, supersonic-capable threat aircraft. The OPFOR systemobjective for the three MAGTF elements isachieved through the following criteria, whichincludes the system’s key performance parametersfor all electronic combat required capabilities:

Training for GCE requires a live, virtual, orconstructive squad-sized ground force, at leasta fire-team of which must be firing live rounds,and fixed and moving targets, at least some ofwhich must be reactive.

Training for LCE requires a live, virtual, orconstructive squad-sized ground force, at leasta fire-team of which must be firing live rounds,and fixed and moving targets, at least some ofwhich must be reactive.For ACE training, there can be up to four livefixed-wing, supersonic capable threat aircraftwith antiaircraft (A/A) gun and active A/Amissile capability. All threat aircraft must beable to operate from the surface to the upperlimit of the range airspace.

Table 7-2. Objective and Threshold for Individual-Level Instrumentation System.Element GCE Training ACE Training LCE Training

Tracking Time, Space, and Position Information

High Fidelity Not Required 6* Not Required

Low Fidelilty Not Required Not Required Not Required

Range Control

2-Dimension Yes Yes Yes

3-Dimension No Yes No




JNTC No No No


A/A No Yes No

A/G No Yes No

S/A No Yes No

S/S Yes No Yes

Scoring

Type Auto or Manual Auto Manual or Auto

Feedback Real Time Real Time Real Time

RTKN Voice or Auto Voice or Auto Voice or Auto

Debrief/After Action Review

Type Both Both Both

*Includes 2 friendly and 4 OPFOR fixed-wing aircraft for air combat training and coordinated opposed strike training.

CHAPTER 8

REQUIRED UNIT-LEVEL TRAINING RANGE CAPABILITIES

Unit-Level Training

Marine Corps unit-level training supports person-nel and platform core and core plus skills andcapabilities associated with the basic MarineCorps fighting units. Unit-level training alsoincorporates T&R requirements for each elementof the MAGTF. Accordingly, the Marine Corpsunit-level training includes the training associatedwith the individual fighting unit elements of anACE, GCE, and LCE.


The unit-level training range supports the basicACE fighting unit. A squadron of similar type/model/series fixed- or rotary-wing aircraft isconsidered the basic fighting unit within theACE. Squadron-level training supports the ITSand T&R requirements necessary to achieve acore-capable squadron. The ground supporte l emen t w i th in th e ACE ha s un i t r angerequirements similar to that of the LCE. All LCEunit range requirements should be applied toACE ground support element requirements.


The unit-level training range supports the ITS andindividual T&R requirements associated with thesmallest GCE that could be expected to bedeployed into a hostile environment. The unit-level GCE is presumed to include a Marineinfantry company, a tank platoon, an amphibiousvehicle platoon, a light armored vehicle platoon,an engineer platoon, and an artillery battery. Theinfantry company may or may not be reinforcedwith amphibious vehicles, tanks, engineers, orartillery liaison officers.


The unit-level training range supports the ITS andindividual T&R requirements associated with thesmallest LCE that could be expected to bedeployed into a hostile environment. The unit-level LCE is presumed to include a communica-tions detachment, a transportation support detach-ment (TSD), a landing support detachment (LSD),an engineer platoon, a maintenance platoon, ahealth services detachment, a military police (MP)detachment, and task-organized units conductingconvoy operations.

Operational Concept

The operational concept for unit-level rangerequirements are assessed based on a comprehen-sive training scenario derived from the UJTL anddirectly linked to the MCTL. The requirementswill be further informed by emerging operationallessons in counterinsurgency and urban opera-tions from current campaigns. The followingoperations and events from the operations list ofthe UJTL and their associated mission-essentialtasks form the basis for assessment of therequired range attributes:

Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition.Exploitation.Rear area security.Command and control warfare.Defensive AAW.Information operations.Area defense.Suppression of enemy air defenses.Mobile operations.

8-2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

Delay.Joint interdiction.Withdrawal.AAW.Combat tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel.Forcible entry/expeditionary assault.Deployment.Counterterrorism.Movement to contact.Antiterrorism.Attack.Pursuit.Combined arms breaching.

Unit-Level Suite of Ranges

The suite of ranges described in table 8-1 pro-vides the baseline range requirements for theMAGTF elements for unit-level training.


This paragraph identifies the required capabilitiesfor the operational elements and system of sys-tems for Marine Corps unit-level training ranges.


The Marine Corps range infrastructure opera-tional elements are composed of airspace, seaspace, and land area.

Airspace For the ACE, airspace threshold is met for A/Atraining with a 25 nm x 25 nm range that extendsup to 45,000 ft AGL. For A/G training, thatthreshold is a 20 nm x 50 nm range that extendsup to 35,000 ft AGL. The airspace objective ismet by the following criteria for GCE, LCE, andACE training:

Training for GCE and LCE requires 24-hour,day/night period on a range with airspace that

extends from surface to 10,000 ft AGL,allowing for shoulder-fired SAM training. Thehorizontal limits of the airspace should extendto 10 nm on either side of the applicabletraining range land area.Training for ACE requires the following:

The OAS range requires a 30-minute periodon a 25 nm x 50 nm range with airspace thatextends from the surface to 40,000 ft AGL.Area should be cleared for use of A/Ggunne ry , f r e e - f a l l and gu ided A /Gmunitions, laser designating devices, and theexpenditure of chaff and flares.The AAW range requires a 30-minute periodon a 40 nm x 60 nm range with airspace thatextends from the surface to 50,000 ft AGL.The r ange mus t su ppor t supe r son icoperations. Some portion of the airspaceshould overlay land area with significanttopography. It is important to replicate, to thegreatest degree practical, the topography ofthe planned area of operations. This requiredtopographical fidelity could be achievedthrough the physical geographic location ofthe range or through a high-fidelity virtualenvironment generated and up-linked from arange subsystem or generated autonomouslyby on-board aircraft systems.The assault support range requires a 30-minute period on a 20 nm x 50 nm rangewith airspace that extends from surface to50,000 ft AGL. The area should be clearedfor A/G gunnery, laser devices, and theexpenditure of chaff and flares. The airspacemust overlie a land area with significanttopographical features. The air reconnaissance range requires 30-minute period on a 20 nm x 50 nm rangewith airspace that extends from surface to50,000 ft AGL. The airspace should allowsupersonic flight. The airspace must overliea land area with significant topographicalfeatures. The EW range requires a 45-minute periodin an area 30 nm x 60 nm, from surface to


30,000 ft AGL and must allow the use ofchaff and flares.

Sea Space The sea space objective and threshold for GCE,ACE, and LCE are met concurrently with a day/night period of up to 12 hours duration within a300 nm2 area that is at least 10 nm wide, iscontiguous to the beachfront, is capable ofsupporting amphibious vehicle and landing crafttraining, and extends seaward to the simulatedARG/ESG element location. Meeting thesecriteria supports amphibious and amphibious-support training elements.

Land Area The land area threshold is achieved with landarea of 10 nm x 10 nm. The objective is achievedby the following criteria:

Training for GCE requires a 24-hour period formaneuver, live fire and maneuver, and MOUTtraining. Specific land area training has thefollowing requirements:

Maneuver training requires a dedicated areaof at least 144 mi2 (373 km2) or 92,160 acres.The land area should include a dedicatedbeachfront for amphibious operationstraining. These dimensions are derived from6 km x 24 km maneuver box requirement to

Table 8-1. Unit-Level Suite of Ranges.

GCE Suite

Maneuver/training areaUnit-level instrumented live fire and maneuver training area/rangeDedicated impact area—duddedImpact area—nonduddedImpact area—temporarily duddedNonstandard small arms rangeBasic 10m–25m small arms rangeAutomated field-fire (AFF) rangeRifle known-distance (KD) rangeAutomated sniper field-fire rangePistol KD rangeAutomated combat pistol/MP firearms qualification courseAutomated multi-purpose machine gun (MPMG) range

Breaching range40mm (grenade) machine gun qualification rangeAutomated anti-armor tracking and live fire rangeField artillery direct fire rangeTank/fighting vehicle stationary gunnery rangeIndirect fire rangeField artillery direct fire rangeAutomated multi-purpose training rangeAutomated tank/fighting vehicle multi-purpose range complexFire and movement rangeSquad defense rangeAutomated squad battle courseAutomated platoon battle course

ACE Suite

Dedicated impact area—duddedImpact area—nonduddedImpact area—temporarily duddedOAS range

EW/combat rangeBasic 10m–30m zero firing rangeRifle KD rangePistol KD range

LCE Suite

Dedicated impact area—duddedImpact area—nonduddedImpact area—temporarily duddedManeuver/training areaBasic 10m–30m zero firing rangeAFF range

Rifle KD rangePistol KD rangeAutomated MPMG range40mm (grenade) machine gun qualification rangeNonstandardized engineer qualification rangeLight demolition range

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support nonlive fire mechanized infantrycompany maneuver training. The land arearequirement may be reduced dependent uponmission, types of units supported, andquantity of ranges needed based uponcapacity and throughput.Live fire and maneuver training requires thethreshold and objective to be at least 260 mi2(672 km2) or 166,054 acres. The land areashould include a dedicated beachfront foramphibious operations training and some orall of the land area should be cleared for theuse of live indirect and direct fire weapons.Land area requirements may be reduced de-pendent upon mission, types of units sup-ported, and quantity of ranges needed, whichis based upon capacity and throughput.These dimensions are derived from a nomi-nal 16 km x 24 km maneuver box require-ment to support mechanized infantrycompany live fire and maneuver training.The MOUT training requires a dedicatedMOUT facility, encompassing at least 7 mi2,that combines a central urban area of at least0.01 mi2 (1 block x 1 block), an outlyingsuburban/residential area of at least .63 mi2(that extends at least .35 mi beyond thecentral urban area), and outlying facilities orvillages of at least .8 square miles (thatextend at least .2 mi beyond the outlyingsuburban area). The MOUT facility shouldalso include a live fire training area of atleast 3 mi2 that includes a SDZ for groundand aviation direct and indirect weaponsystems. The MOUT should include majoravenues of approach connecting the suburbsand outlying villages with the central urbanarea. Outlying and suburban areas shouldsimulate the local noncombatant populaceand infrastructure. The live fire area of theMOUT should consist of a moderatelydeveloped urban area configured to support acoordinated live fire MOUT assault thatemploys individual, crew-served, andindirect-fire infantry weapons and precisionuse of indirect fire from airborne CAS and

ground based artillery. Per FM 3-06.11,Combined Arms Operations in UrbanTerrain , one city block equals 175 mcompany frontage for MOUT.Suite of live fire ranges has an estimatedland area requirement to accommodate thedefined list of unit-level, live fire ranges toinclude all SDZs of 26 mi2 (67.34 km2) or16,640 acres.

Training for LCE is the same as for the GCEexcept that the suite of live fire ranges has anestimated land area requirement of 5 mi2

(12.11 km2) or 2,992 acres to accommodate thedefined list of unit-level, live fire ranges toinclude all SDZs.Training for ACE requires a 30-minute rangeperiod on a dedicated land area with dimensionsof 20 nm x 20 nm. The land area should becleared for the use of live or inert A/G gunnery,inert precision or nonprecision A/G munitionsup to 2 ,000 lbs , and l ive p rec i s ion ornonprecision munitions (including clustermunitions) up to 1,000 lbs. The land areashould be cleared for use of laser targeting anddesignating devices. Land area should havesignificant topographical features and multipledesignated LZ/DZ areas. Suite of live fireranges has an estimated land area requirementto accommodate the defined list of unit-level,live fire ranges to include all SDZs of 175 nm2

(14 nm x 12.5 nm).

System of Systems

A system of systems supports the unit trainingrange level and is composed of communications,target, instrumentation, and OPFOR systems. Thefollowing descriptions of these componentsinclude the threshold and objective of the re-quired capabilities.

Communications System For unit-level training, the communicationssystem includes all the necessary components andelements used by range personnel to establish and


maintain secure or nonsecure, two-way, point-to-point, S/S, and A/G communications with rangeoperators, range maintainers, and range users.The communications system could also includetransmitters, receivers, transceivers,communica-tions antennas, interface devices, and cryptologyequipment. All range-related, two-way voice anddata communications between range personneland event participants can be classified into oneof three types of communications circuits or net-works: RC, exercise communications, anddatalink. It is assumed that the requirement forany specific circuit also includes a requirementfor sufficient assigned frequencies for that circuit.

The communications system threshold for theMAGTF elements is achieved with one dedicatedRC circuit and two dedicated EC&C circuits. Theobjective is achieved with two dedicated RCcircuits, at least one of which must support securecommunications; at least three dedicated EC&Ccircuits, at least one of which must support securecommunications; and EC&C circuits that mustsupport communications with all airborne andground participants.

Target System The threshold for GCE and LCE training containsat least one target site. For ACE A/G training, itmust contain one weapon site. The target systemobjective is achieved by the following criteria:

Training for GCE consists of land-basedfortified defenses, distributed throughout therange complex. At least two target sitescomposed of fixed, mobile, hard, and softtargets of varying type, size, and composition,which will support indirect and direct fireweapon systems to include small arms live fire.There should be static and pop-up targetsconfigured to represent varying militaryoperations, units, and capabilities. Structuraland urban targets should require eventparticipants to discriminate between valid andinvalid targets in order to practice minimizingcollateral damage. Urban targets must also

support ground fire and maneuver operations.Targets should be of sufficient number andtype to satisfy ITS requirements for individual,crew-served, and indirect-f i re infantryweapons; 120mm and 25mm weapon systems;demolitions and explosives; and all wheeled/tracked vehicle-mounted systems associatedwith GCE units.Training for LCE requires a range complexwith at least two target sites composed offixed, mobile, hard, and soft targets of varyingsize and composition, which will support indi-rect and direct fire weapon systems, to includesmall arms live fire. There should be static andpop-up targets, configured to represent variousmilitary operations, units, and capabilities.Training for ACE requires the following:

The OAS and air reconnaissance targetsrequire at least one range complex with atleast two separate live/inert weapons targetsites composed of raked and strafe ranges,structural targets, mobile targets, and targetslocated in revetments. Some of the structuraltargets should replicate congested urbanareas, requiring event participants todiscriminate between valid and invalidtargets in order to practice minimizingcollateral damage. Tactical target complexesshould provide a minimum of four targetswith four DMPIs per target, as well asp r e sen t t a rge t i den t i f i c a t i on anddiscrimination challenges to the aircrew.This does not apply to raked and straferanges. Tactical targets should possessvisual, radar, and spectral signaturesrepresenting threat systems. Buildingstructures, revetted targets, and movingtargets must replicate, to the greatest degreepractical, the physical characteristics andspectral signatures of the type of targetsexpected to be encountered in the projectedarea of operations. At least one target sitemust allow the use of inert weapons up to2,000 lbs and live weapons (including clustermunitions) up to 1,000 lbs. At least some of

8-6 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

the targets should allow the use of laserdesignators.The AAW targets require gunnery bannersor darts, which are subsonic and supersonicUASs that can operate from surface to50,000 ft AGL. These UASs should be capa-ble of being augmented to replicate the radarand spectral signature of anticipated threataircraft and anti-ship and/or A/G missiles. EW range tactical target complexes shouldpresent target identification and discrimina-tion challenges to the aircrew. This does notapply to raked and strafe ranges. Tactical tar-gets should possess visual, radar, and spec-tral signatures representative of threatsystems. Building structures and revettedand moving targets must replicate, to thegreatest degree practical, the physical char-acteristics and spectral signatures of the typeof targets expected to be encountered in theprojected area of operations.

Instrumentation System Range instrumentation describes the collection offacilities, equipment, software, and implementa-tion methodologies used to schedule, monitor,deconflict, create, or reconstruct the trainingrange environment and on-range events. Theinstrumentation enterprise at any range or rangecomplex may exist as a stand-alone, dedicatedsystem or as a distributed set of capabilities thatare embedded within other existing or stand-alone systems and subsystems.

The required capabil i t ies in table 8-2 areapplicable to maneuver, fire and maneuver, andMOUT training. The threshold is achieved for

GCE (TSPI) with low fidelity 3 and for LCE(TSPI) with low fidelity 2. The system objectiveis achieved by the criteria in table 8-2. Itselements correspond to the instrumentationsystem discussion on page 8-7.

Opposition Force SystemFor the GCE and LCE threshold, there must be alive, virtual, or constructive platoon-sizedground force. The OPFOR system objective forthe three MAGTF elements is achieved by thefollowing criteria:

GCE training requires a live, virtual, or con-structive company-sized ground force, at leasta platoon of which must be firing live rounds; alive, virtual, or constructive platoon-sizedarmored and/or mechanized vehicle force, atleast a squad of which must be firing liverounds; and fixed and moving targets, at leastsome of which must be reactive. The electroniccombat threat level is two.LCE training requires a live, virtual, or con-structive company-sized ground force, at leasta platoon of which must be firing live rounds.Requirements include fixed and moving tar-gets, at least some of which must be reactive.The electronic combat threat level is two.ACE training requires up to two live, rotary-wing threat aircraft with A/A missile capabilityand up to four live, fixed-wing, supersonic-capable threat aircraft with A/A gun and activeA/A missile capability. All fixed-wing threataircraft must be able to operate from the surfaceto the upper limit of the airspace. Requirementsinclude fixed, moving, and time critical targets,at least some of which must be reactive. Theelectronic combat threat level is two.


Table 8-2. Objective and Threshold for Individual-Level Instrumentation System.Element GCE Training ACE Training LCE Training


High Fidelity Not Required 82 Not Required

Low Fidelilty 61 23 44

Range Control






JNTC No No No


A/A No Yes No

A/G No Yes No

S/A Yes Yes Yes

S/S Yes No Yes

Scoring

Type Auto Auto Auto

Feedback Both Both Both

RTKN Voice or Auto Voice or Auto Voice or Auto


Type Both Both Both1Provides for up to 6 platoons during coordinated live fire and maneuver training.2Provides for up to 4 friendly and 4 OPFOR threat aircraft.3Provides for up to 2 support (e.g., tanker/airborne early warning) aircraft.4Provides for up to 2 convoys and 2 OPFOR threats.

CHAPTER 9

REQUIRED MEU-LEVEL TRAINING RANGE CAPABILITIES

MEU-Level Training

Marine Corps MEU-level training supportspersonnel and platforms of a MEU-sized MAGTFor its individual elements and T&R requirementsfor each element of the MEU. Accordingly,MEU-level training supports the trainingassociated with ACE, GCE, and LCE units.


The MEU-level training range supports the T&Rrequirements associated with the completeaviation component of the MEU. A typical MEUACE would include up to 6 fixed-wing attackaircraft, 20–24 attack and support helicopters,and an air support control element.


The MEU-level training range supports the T&Rrequirements associated with the complete groundcomponent of the MEU. A typical MEU GCEwould include an infantry battalion, a tankplatoon, an artillery battery, a light armoredvehicle platoon, an amphibious vehicle platoon,an armored vehicle platoon, and a combatengineer platoon.


The MEU-level training range supports the T&Rrequirements associated with the completecombat service support components of a MEU. Atypical MEU LCE would include a TSD/LSD, anengineer detachment, a maintenance detachment,an MP de t achmen t , a commun ica t i onsdetachment, and a health services detachment.

Operational Concept

The operational concept for MEU-level rangerequirements is assessed based on a comprehen-sive training scenario derived from the UJTL anddirectly linked to the MCTL. The following oper-ations and events from the UJTL’s operations listand its associated mission-essential tasks fromthe MCTL form the basis for assessment of therequired range attributes:

Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acqui-sition.Command and control warfare.Information operations.Suppression of enemy air defenses.Joint interdiction.AAW.Forcible entry/expeditionary assault.Mobile operations.Delay.Movement to contact.Withdrawal.Attack.Combat tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel.Pursuit.Deployment.Exploitation.Counterterrorism.Rear area security.Defensive AAW.Area defense.Antiterrorism.

9-2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

MEU-Level Suite of Ranges

The suite of ranges described in table 9-1provides the baseline range requirements forMEU-level training. These ranges can beaugmented based upon mission, type of unitssupported, training capacity, and throughput.


The required capabilities for the operational ele-ments and system of systems for MEU-leveltraining ranges are defined in terms of objectiveand threshold requirements.


The Marine Corps range infrastructure’s opera-tional elements of airspace, sea space, and landarea are described in this section at the MEUtraining level.

Airspace The airspace threshold is achieved by a 50 nm x50 nm range with airspace that extends from thesurface to 45,000 ft AGL. The objective isachieved by at least a 24-hour day/night periodon a 50 nm x 80 nm range with airspace thatextends from the surface to 50,000 ft AGL. Theairspace must allow supersonic operations and atleast some portion of the airspace should overlayland area with significant topography and signifi-cant LZ/DZ. Where the airspace overlays thetraining range land area, the horizontal limits of

the airspace should extend at least 10 nm beyondthe horizontal limits of the land area.

The required length of the time in the airspacerange will increase to 5 days (120 hours) tosupport large-scale operations such as the specialoperations capable (SOC) exercise or ARGexercise. It is important to replicate, to thegreatest degree practical, the topography of theplanned area of operations. This requiredtopographical fidelity could be achieved throughthe physical geographic location of the range orthrough a high fidelity virtual environmentgenerated and up-linked from a range subsystemor generated autonomously by on-board aircraftsystems. Deconfliction between artillery and airoperations must be affected through range controland the direct air support center (DASC) or firesupport coordination center (FSCC). All airspaceshould be scheduled in 30-minute blocks.

Sea Space The sea space objective and threshold areachieved concurrently through at least a 24-hour,day/night period in a 7,500 nm2 area including anarea at least 15 nm wide, contiguous to thebeachfront, capable of supporting amphibiousvehicle and landing craft training, extendingseaward to the ARG/ESG element location, andsupporting ocean-based training elements. Therequired time period in the sea space will increaseto 5 to 7 days to support large-scale operationssuch as the SOC, ESG, or ARG exercises. Thecumulative requirement for large-scale MEUoperations is a 5 to 7 day period (both day andnighttime periods). The requirement includes a

Table 9-1. MEU-Level Suite of Ranges.

MEU-level maneuver/training areaMEU-level instrumented live fire and maneuver training area/rangeDedicated impact area—duddedImpact area—nonduddedImpact area—temporarily duddedField artillery indirect fire rangeNonstandardized engineer qualification rangeLight demolition range

OAS rangeAAW rangeAssault support rangeAir reconnaissance rangeEW rangeMOUT collective training facility (large)MEU-level MOUT collective training facility


cumulative total of 36,000 nm2 littoral sea spaceand an area at least 15 nm wide that is contiguousto the beachfront. This area must be capable ofsupporting amphibious vehicle and landing crafttraining and extend seaward to the simulatedARG/ESG element location.

Land Area The land area objective and threshold areachieved concurrently with at least a 24-hour,day/night period to support maneuver or live fireand maneuver and MOUT training. The requiredlength of the time on the land area will increaseto 5 days (120 hours) to support large-scale oper-ations such as the SOC or ARG exercise. Landarea requirement may be reduced or increaseddependent upon mission, type of units supported,and quantity of ranges needed based upon capac-ity and throughput.

Maneuver. Threshold and objective requirementsshould include at least 150 mi2 (96,000 acres) thatcovers a dedicated beachfront for amphibiousopera t ions t ra in ing . Minimum land arearequirements are derived from a nominalmaneuver area of 5 mi x 30 mi (8 km x 48 km) tosupport a contiguous MEU-sized maneuveroperation (see US Army TC 25-1).

Live Fire and Maneuver. The threshold requirementis at least 739 mi2 (1,914 km2) or 472,960 acres.The objective requirement is 985 mi2 (2,552 km2)or 630,613 acres. Both should include a dedicatedbeachfront for amphibious operations training.Some or all of the land area should be cleared foruse of live NSFS, A/G, naval special warfare,indirect, and direct fire weapons for both serviceand training practice ammunition. Minimum landarea requirements are derived from a nominalmaneuver area of 18 mi x 41 mi (29 km x 66 km)to support a contiguous MEU-sized live fire andmaneuver operation using training ammunitionand associated SDZs. Maximum requirementsderived from a nominal maneuver area of 18 mi x55 mi (29 km x 88 km) to support a contiguous

MEU-sized live fire and maneuver operationsusing service ammunition and associated SDZs(see US Army TC 25-1 and MCO 3570.1B).

MOUT. The land area should include a MOUTfacility, encompassing at least 15 mi2, thatcombines a large central urban area of at least.1 mi2 (3 blocks x 3 blocks), an outlyingsuburban/residential area of at least 6.3 mi2 (thatextends at least 1.1 mi beyond the central urbanarea), and outlying facilities or villages of at least8 mi2 (that extend at least .485 mi beyond theoutlying suburban area). The MOUT facilityshould also include a live fire training area of atleast 3 mi2 that includes a SDZ for ground andaviation direct and indirect weapon systems.

The MOUT should include major avenues ofapproach connecting the suburbs and outlyingvillages with the central urban area. Outlyingareas should include a nonoperational airfieldwith tower and hangers and a port/industrialcomplex that includes warehouses, power plants,and other industrial structures. Suburban areastructures should simulate the local noncomba-tant populace and infrastructure. The live firearea of the MOUT (which should be incorpo-rated within the central urban area, suburbanarea, or outlying area) should consist of a mod-erately-developed urban area configured to sup-port a coordinated live fire MOUT assault thatemploys ind iv idua l , c rew-served , u rbanbreaching (to include demolition charges), andindirect-fire infantry weapons and precision useof indirect fire from airborne CAS and ground-based artillery. Per FM 3-06.11, one city blockequals 175 m company frontage for MOUT. A3-block x 3-block area equals 525 m x 525 m.The live fire area includes a 300 m x 300 murban area surrounded by a 7,000 m radius SDZ.

System of Systems

A system of systems supports MEU trainingranges and is composed of communications,target, instrumentation, and OPFOR systems.Descriptions of these components include thres-holds and objectives of the required capabilities.

9-4 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

Communications System The communicat ions system includes al lnecessary components and elements used byrange personnel to establish and maintain secureand nonsecure, two-way, point-to-point, S/S, andA/G communications. This communication couldalso include interrange communications notcovered by IERs and interoperability, whichcompr ises radio t ransmi t te rs , rece ivers ,transceivers, communications antennas, interfacedevices , and cryptology equipment . Thecommunications system threshold for the threeMAGTF elements is achieved with three RCcircuits and five EC&C circuits. The objective isachieved by the following criteria:

There must be five RC circuits, at least three ofwhich must support secure A/G, ship-to-shore,and point-to-point communications.At least five exercise communications circuitsare needed to support communication withground, airborne, service support, surface par-ticipants, and exercise evaluators/controllers. At least three of the circuits should supportsecure communications.

Target System The threshold is achieved by having at least threeseparate A/G target sites. At least one target sitemust allow the use of heavy precision and non-precision weapons. The target system objective isachieved by the following criteria:

There should be exposed beach obstacles andfortified beach defenses and NSFS targets.All targets should be cleared for engagementwith live fire inert weapons and at least someof the targets should be cleared for engage-ment with live fire live ordnance, includingNSFS weapons.There should be land-based fortified defensesdistributed throughout the range complex.There should be target sites composed of fixedand mobile, hard and soft targets in varyingsize and composition that are representative ofvarying military operations, units, and capabil-

ities. The target sets should support live fire,air- and surface-launched indirect and directfire weapon systems, to include small arms livefire. At least some targets should be pop-upand reactive in nature and provide scoringfeedback. All targets should possess represen-tative visual, radar, and spectral signatures.Ground targets should be of sufficient numberand type to satisfy ITS requirements for indi-vidual, crew served, and indirect-fire infantryweapons; 120mm and 25mm weapon systems;demolitions and explosives; and all wheeled/tracked vehicle-mounted systems associatedwith MEU-level MAGTF units.There should be at least six separate target sitesto accommodate live fire inert and live A/Gweapons, with at least four targets per site,composed of representative threat targets toinclude vehicles, structural targets, targets inrevetments, and moving targets. There shouldbe a minimum of four DMPIs per target.Structural and urban targets should requireevent participants to discriminate betweenvalid and invalid targets to practice minimizingcollateral damage. Urban targets must also sup-port ground fire and maneuver operations.At least two target sites must allow the use ofheavy precision and nonprecision weapons.These targets must allow the use of live fireinert weapons up to 2,000 lbs, live fire liveweapons (including cluster munitions) up to1,000 lbs, and laser targeting devices.

Instrumentation SystemThe required capabilities in table 9-2 are appli-cable to maneuver, fire and maneuver, andMOUT training. Range instrumentation describesthe collection of facilities, equipment, software,and implementation methodologies used toschedule, monitor, deconflict, create, or recon-struct the training range environment and on-range events. The instrumentation enterprise atany range or range complex may exist as a stand-alone, dedicated system or as a distributed set ofcapabilities that are embedded within otherexisting or stand-alone systems and subsystems.


The system’s objective and threshold for theinstrumentation system are achieved concurrentlyby the criteria in table 9-2, its elements corre-sponding to the instrumentation system.

Opposition Force System The OPFOR objective and threshold are achievedconcurrently by a live, virtual, or constructivebattalion-sized ground force, at least a companyof which must be firing live rounds; a live, vir-tual, or constructive company-sized armored or

mechanized vehicle force, at least a platoon ofwhich must be firing live rounds; and up to fourfixed- or rotary-wing threat aircraft, at least twoof which must be firing live rounds. All threataircraft must have A/A missile capability. Fixed-wing threat aircraft must have A/A gun andactive A/A missile capability and be capable ofsupersonic flight and operating to the upper limitof the airspace. There must be fixed, moving, andtime-critical targets, at least some of which mustbe reactive, and the electronic combat threat levelis three.

Table 9-2. Required Capabilities of the MEU-Level Instrumentation System.

Attribute MAGTF MEU-Level Training Range


High Fidelity 261

Low Fidelity 242

Range Control

2-Dimension Yes

3-Dimension Yes


2-Dimension Yes

3-Dimension Yes

JNTC Yes


A/A Yes

A/G Yes

S/A Yes

S/S Yes

Scoring

Type Manual or Auto

Feedback Both

RTKN Voice or Auto


Type Both1 Will support up to 22 friendly air assets (up to 12 assault support aircraft and10 fixed-wing aircraft) and 4 OPFOR air assets.2 Assumes a platoon (of ground forces or vehicles) is the smallest unit for whichTSPI is required.

CHAPTER 10

REQUIRED MEB-LEVEL TRAINING RANGE CAPABILITIES

MEB-Level Training

This large-scale training supports not only thepersonnel and platform core capabi l i t iesassociated with the individual elements of aMEB, but also the combined T&R requirementsof the fully integrated MEB. Accordingly, MEB-level training supports MEB ACE, GCE, andLCE units.


The MEB-level training range supports the T&Rrequirements associated with the individual fixed-and rotary-wing platforms, portions of or com-plete fixed- and rotary-wing squadrons, and thecomplete aviation component of a MEB, such as aMarine aircraft group (MAG). The MAG fixed-wing elements include fighter, attack, electronicwarning/electronic attack, and support aircraft.The MAG rotary-wing elements include transportand attack aircraft and V/STOL platforms.


The MEB-level training range supports the trainingrequirements associated with the individual andoverall ground warfighting components of a MEBGCE. A typical MEB GCE is composed of a regi-mental combat team (RCT)/regimental landingteam (RLT). The RCT/RLT will include threeMarine infantry battalions, a tank company, anamphibious vehicle company, an armored vehiclecompany, a combat engineer company, and anartillery battalion.


The MEB-level training range supports the T&Rrequirements associated with the individual andcomplete combat service support components ofa MEB LCE. A typical MEB LCE is composedof a brigade service support group that includes acommunications platoon, a TSD/LSD company,an engineer company, a maintenance company, ahealth services company, and an MP company.

Operational Concept

The operational concept for MEB-level rangerequirements are assessed based on a comprehen-sive training scenario derived from the UJTL anddirectly linked to the MCTL. The following oper-ations/events from the UJTL’s operations list andits associated mission-essential tasks from theMCTL, form the basis for assessment of therequired range attributes:

Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acqui-sition.Command and control warfare.Information operations.Suppression of enemy air defenses.Joint interdiction.Defensive AAW.AAW.Area defense.Forcible entry/expeditionary assault.Mobile operations.Delay.

10-2 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

Movement to contact.Withdrawal.Attack.Combat tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel.Pursuit.Deployment.Exploitation.Counterterrorism.Relief in place.Passage of lines.Rear area security.Antiterrorism.River crossing.

MEB-Level Suite of Ranges

The suite of ranges described in table 10-1 pro-vides the baseline requirement for MEB-leveltraining. The suite of ranges can be augmentedbased upon mission, type of units supported,training capacity, and throughput.


The following required capabilities for theoperational elements and system of systems forMEB-level training ranges are defined in terms ofobjective and threshold requirements.


The following Marine Corps range infrastruc-ture’s operational elements of airspace, sea

space, and land area are described at the MEBtraining level.

AirspaceThe airspace threshold is achieved with a 50 nm x50 nm range with airspace extending from thesurface to 45,000 ft. For GCE, ACE, and LCEtraining, the airspace objective is achieved by a24-hour, day/night period on a 50 nm x 80 nmrange with airspace that extends from the surfaceto 50,000 ft AGL. At least some portion of theairspace should allow supersonic operations andshould also overlay land area with significanttopography. Its horizontal limits should extend atleast 10 nm beyond the horizontal limits of theland area. The airspace should be scheduled in30-minute blocks and the required length of thetime in the range airspace may increase to 10 days(240 hours) to support large-scale combined armsexercises and operations.

It is important to replicate, to the greatest degreepractical, the topography of the planned area ofoperations. This required topographical fidelitycou ld be ach ieved th rough the phys ica lgeographic location of the range or through ahigh fidelity virtual environment generated andup-linked from a range subsystem or generatedautonomously by on-board aircraft systems.Deconfliction between artillery and air operationsmust be effected through the DASC or FSCC.

Sea Space The sea space objective and threshold are achievedconcurrently by at least a 24-hour, day/night period

Table 10-1. MEB-Level Suite of Ranges.

MEU-level maneuver/training areaMEU-level instrumented live fire and maneuver training area/rangeDedicated impact area—duddedImpact area—nonduddedImpact area—temporarily duddedField artillery indirect fire rangeNonstandardized engineer qualification rangeLight demolition range

OAS rangeAAW rangeAssault support rangeAir reconnaissance rangeEW rangeMOUT collective training facility (large)MEB-level MOUT collective training facility

Operational Training Ranges Required Capabilities _________________________________________________________ 10-3

in a 10,000 nm2 area at least 15 nm wide,contiguous to the beachfront, capable of supportingamphibious vehicle and landing craft training, thatextends seaward to the ARG/ESG elementlocation, and supports ocean-based trainingelements. The required time in the sea space willincrease to 7 to 10 days to support large-scaleoperations such as the joint task force exercise. Thecumulative requirement for large scale MEBoperations is 7 to 10 days (both day and nighttime)that includes a cumulative total of 36,000 nm2

littoral sea space at least 15 nm wide andcontiguous to the beachfront. This space shouldalso be capable of supporting amphibious vehicleand landing craft training and extend seaward tothe simulated ARG/ESG element location.

Land Area Land area requirement may be reduced orincreased dependent upon mission, type of unitssupported, and quantity of ranges needed basedupon capacity and throughput. The land areaobjective and threshold are achieved concur-rently by at least a 24-hour, day/night period inan area to support maneuver or live fire andmaneuver and MOUT training.

Maneuver. Threshold and objective requirementsare at least 300 mi2 (192,000 acres) and include abeachfront for amphibious operations training.

Live Fire and Maneuver. Threshold requirement isat least 892 mi2 (2,310 km2) or 570,813 acres.Objective requirement is 1,189 mi2 (3,080 km2)or 761,085 acres. Both should include a beach-front for amphibious operations training. Some orall of the land area should be cleared for live fireNSFS, A/G, naval special warfare, indirect, anddirect fire weapons with both service and train-ing practice ammunition.

MOUT. There should be a dedicated 150 mi2

MOUT facility that combines a large centralurban area of at least 1 mi2 (9 blocks x 9 blocks),an outlying suburban/residential area of at least63 mi2 that extends at least 3.5 mi beyond the

central urban area, and an outlying facilities orvillages area of at least 80 mi2 that extends atleast 2 mi beyond the suburban/residential area.The outlying areas should include a nonopera-tional airfield with tower and hangers and a port/industrial complex that includes warehouses,power plants, and other industrial structures.Suburban area structures should represent thelocal noncombatant populace and infrastructure.The MOUT should include major avenues ofapproach connecting the suburbs and outlyingvillages with the central urban area. The MOUTcomplex should also include a ground and avia-tion live fire training area of at least 3 mi2. Thisarea should consist of a moderately developedurban area that will accommodate a coordinatedcombined arms, live fire MOUT assault. The livefire training area should accommodate theemployment of individual, crew-served, and indi-rect-fire infantry weapons, as well as the use ofprecision indirect fire from airborne CAS andground-based artillery.

The required length of the time in the land areamay increase to 10 days (240 hours) to supportlarge-scale combined arms exercises andoperations. Minimum land area requirements arederived from a nominal maneuver area of 10 mi x30 mi (16 km x 48 km) to support a contiguousMEB-sized, nonfiring maneuver operation (seeUS Army TC 25-1) . Maximum land arearequirements are derived from a nominalmaneuver area of 22 mi x 41 mi (35 km x 66 km)to support a contiguous MEB-sized, live fire andmaneuver operation using training ammunitionand associated SDZs. Maximum requirementderived from a 22-mi x 55-mi (35 km x 88 km)maneuver area to support a contiguous MEB-sized, live fire and maneuver operation usingservice ammunition and associated SDZs (see USArmy TC 25-1 and MCO 3570.1B). According toFM 3-06.11, the MOUT frontage for a singleinfantry company is one city block. The live firearea includes a 300 m by 300 m urban areasurrounded by a 7,000 m radius SDZ.

10-4 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

System of Systems

Communications System The communications system includes all neces-sary components and elements used by range per-sonnel to establish and maintain secure andnonsecure, two-way, point-to-point, S/S, and A/Gcommunications. This communication could alsoinclude interrange communications not coveredby IERs and interoperability, which comprisesradio transmitters, receivers, transceivers, com-munications antennas, interface devices, andcryptology equipment. The communicationssystem threshold for the three MAGTF elementsis achieved with three RC circuits and five EC&Ccircuits. The objective is achieved by the fol-lowing criteria:

There must be five RC circuits, at least three ofwhich must support secure A/G, ship-to-shore,and point-to-point communications.At least five exercise communications circuitsare needed to support communication withground, airborne, service support, surface par-ticipants, and exercise evaluators/controllers. At least three of the circuits should supportsecure communications.

Target SystemThe threshold is achieved with at least fourseparate A/G target sites. At least three targets i t e s mus t suppor t heavy p rec i s ion andnonprecision weapons. Two targets must allowthe use of inert weapons up to 2,000 lbs. Thetarget system objective is achieved by thefollowing criteria:

There should be exposed beach obstacles andfortified beach defenses and NSFS targets. Alltargets should be cleared for engagement withlive fire inert weapons and at least some of thetargets should be cleared for engagement withlive fire live ordnance, including NSFSweapons. These criteria support ocean-basedtraining elements.

There should be land-based fortified defensesdistributed throughout the range complex. There should be target sites composed of fixedand mobile, hard and soft targets in varyingsize and composition that are representative ofvarying military operations, units, and capabil-ities. The target sets should support live fire,air- and surface-launched indirect and directfire weapon systems, to include small arms livefire. At least some targets should be pop-upand reactive in nature and provide scoringfeedback. All targets should possess represen-tative visual, radar, and spectral signatures.Ground targets should be of sufficient numberand type to satisfy ITS requirements for indi-vidual, crew-served, and indirect-fire infantryweapons; 120mm and 25mm weapon systems;demolitions and explosives; and all wheeled/tracked vehicle-mounted systems associatedwith MEU-level units.There should be at least eight separate live fireinert and live A/G weapons target sites, with atleast four targets per site, composed of repre-sentative threat targets to include vehicles,structural targets, revetted targets, and movingtargets. There should be at least four DMPIsper target. Structural and urban targets should requireevent participants to discriminate betweenvalid and invalid targets to practice minimizingcollateral damage. Urban targets must also sup-port ground fire and maneuver operations.At least four target sites must allow the use ofheavy precision and nonprecision weapons.These targets must allow the use of live fireinert weapons up to 2,000 lbs, live fire liveweapons (including cluster munitions) up to1,000 lbs, and laser targeting devices.

Instrumentation SystemRange instrumentation describes the collection offacilities, equipment, software, and implementa-tion methodologies used to schedule, monitor,deconflict, create, or reconstruct the trainingrange environment and on-range events. The

Operational Training Ranges Required Capabilities _________________________________________________________ 10-5

instrumentation enterprise at any range or rangecomplex may exist as a stand-alone, dedicatedsystem or as a distributed set of capabilities thatare embedded within other existing or stand-alone systems and subsystems. The threshold fortracking (TSPI) mandates high fidelity at 56. Thesystem’s objective is achieved by the criteria intable 10-2. Its elements correspond to the instru-mentation system discussion on page 10-6.

Opposition Force SystemThe OPFOR system objective and threshold areachieved concurrently by a live, virtual, orconstructive brigade-sized ground force, at least a

battalion of which must be firing live rounds; alive, virtual, or constructive battalion-sizedarmored or mechanized vehicle force, at least acompany of which must be firing live rounds; upto eight fixed- or rotary-wing threat aircraft, atleast four of which must be firing live rounds. Allthreat aircraft must have A/A missile capability.Fixed-wing threat aircraft must have A/A gun andactive A/A missile capability, be capable ofsupersonic flight, and be operational to the upperlimits of the airspace. There must be fixed,moving, and time critical targets, at least some ofwhich are reactive. The electronic combat threatlevel is four.

10-6 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

.

Table 10-2. Required Capabilities of the MEB-Level Instrumentation System.

Attribute MAGTF MEB-LevelTraining Range


High Fidelity 721

Low Fidelity 1002

Range Control

2-Dimension Yes

3-Dimension Yes


2-Dimension Yes

3-Dimension Yes

JNTC Yes


A/A Yes

A/G Yes

S/A Yes

S/S Yes

Scoring

Type Manual or Auto

Feedback Both

RTKN Voice or Auto


Type Both

1 Will support up to 48 friendly air assets (24 assault support aircraft and24 fixed-wing aircraft) and 16 OPFOR aircraft.

2 Assumes a platoon (of ground forces or vehicles) is the smallest unit for whichTSPI is required.

CHAPTER 11

JOINT NATIONAL TRAINING CAPABILITY

Joint National Training Capability Concept

Joint training integrates more than one Serviceinto a military force operating under a singlecombatant commander. In 2002, the DODinitiated a Training Transformation [T2] programto develop and implement the concepts andinfrastructure that are essential elements inpreparing US forces to conduct future jointeffects-based operations. Focusing on collectivetraining, the JNTC helps to prepare forces byproviding units and command staffs with anintegrated live, virtual, and constructive trainingenvironment with appropriate joint context thatallows accurate, timely, and relevant training insupport of specific operational needs. It can beused to train forces against a general threat, toconduct mission rehearsal against a specificthreat, or to experiment with new doctrine,tactics, techniques, procedures, joint operationsconcepts, and equipment. The goal of the JNTCis to create and sustain an environment in whichunits and individuals receive joint operationstraining at the strategic, operational, and tacticallevels, and, using a global network of jointtraining facilities and facilitators, combineexisting military exercise elements with liveforces to create a more realistic and valuabletraining experience.

Joint National Training Capability Process

Training Program Accreditation

To maximize training audience exposure and helpensure consistency of a realistic joint training

environment, the support and involvement ofcombatant command, Service, and componentsnominated and selected training programs will berequired. The JNTC will work collaborativelywith combatant commands, Services, and compo-nents to identify and accredit programs that canplan and execute joint training.

Accreditation is a process to determine that acombatant command, Service, or componenttraining program or organizat ion has thecapability to conduct training on joint tasks. Theprocess will serve as the vehicle to provideoversight and evaluation of existing joint contextcapabilities and the ability of training programs toprovide a realistic joint training environment.

Site and System Certification

As part of the JNTC concept, sites and systemswill be required to create a realistic jointenvironment for training/mission rehearsal ofjoint tasks. These sites and systems will requirecertification of their capability to support theirjoint training role. Like accreditation, thiscertification process is conducted by the JointWarfighting Center in collaboration withTECOM. The purpose of certification is to ensurethat all the technical elements required to create arealistic environment to train joint tasks aresu f f i c i en t , ava i l ab l e , ope r a t i ona l , andinteroperable. Certification deals with sites andsystems, and is event independent, but is relatedto joint task requirements. Certification standardsare derived from specified joint tasks and currentand emerging DOD technical guidelines, policy,and JNTC standards. They vary depending on themany systems and sites.

11-2 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

The Test and Training Enabling Architecture

The JNTC will use the test and training enablingarchitecture (TENA) as the foundation for JNTC-certified test and training range instrumentation.Test and training enabling architecture willprovide the software architecture and applicationsto enable interoperability among—

Range systems.Facilities.Simulations.Command, control, communications, comput-ers, intelligence, surveillance.Reconnaissance systems.

The end-state TENA will allow event-related,real-time, and post-event information to beshared between both TENA-compliant and non-TENA-compliant range infrastructures. Therewill be three key components of the end-stateTENA architecture:

TENA Middleware will provide the high perfor-mance, real-time, low-latency communicationsinfrastructure.TENA Repository will contain all the informa-tion relative to TENA that is not specific to agiven logical range.TENA Logical Range Data Archive will storeand provide for the retrieval of all of theinformation associated with a specific logicalrange event.

Logical Range

A logical range is a suite of TENA resources,sharing a common object model, that workstogether for a given range event. A logical rangefor any JNTC event may include geographicallyseparated ranges or range complexes, simulators,command centers , or data col lect ion anddistribution centers.

Required Joint NationalTraining Capability Range Capabilities

The Services maintain training ranges and operat-ing areas necessary to satisfy core Service train-ing requirements. The Services’ maintenance oftraining ranges and operating areas frequentlyresults in the development and fielding of uniqueinstrumentation for the operating platforms and awide variety of infrastructure necessary to createthe training environment, capture “ground truth,”assess activity and performance, and providefeedback to the training audience in a timelymanner. Examples include position informationcollection systems, weapons scoring, threat emit-ters, OPFOR equipment, communications, andexercise surveillance and support systems.Providing and modernizing such training func-tionality and capabilities are the responsibilitiesof the Services.

These established capabilities form the baselineof a modern range infrastructure. It is thisbaseline that forms the foundation of the JNTC,from which investments will selectively expandand connect Service training ranges and instru-mentation systems to create joint capabilities. Anexample of creating joint capabilities is addingthe systems for fixed-wing aircraft tracking andweapon-engagement scoring to the infrastructureat an Army range to enable accredited, jointtraining events.

Occasionally, modifications will be required toservice training support systems to incorporatejoint functionality. The overall intent is a futureinteroperability end state where Service and jointintegrated live, virtual, and constructive trainingsystems are routinely interconnected to supportjoint training and mission rehearsal events. Itincludes a global infrastructure capability, whichenables distributed joint training across DODsites, simulation centers, and RTAs.

APPENDIX A

MARINE CORPS SUITE OF RANGES

Table A-1 contains the Marine Corps suite ofranges and training areas. Range and trainingarea facility codes, as applicable, are listed orindicated as pending (XXXXX).

The dimensions and land areas listed in table A-2are for the nominal makeup of live fire ranges as

listed in TC 25-8 and used in the calculation ofthe threshold land area requirement. Thesedimensions do not account for capacity orthroughput considerations and are general innature. Also, these dimensions do not necessar-ily fully account for the unmitigated SDZs of theweapons associated with these ranges.

Table A-1. Marine Corps Suite of Ranges. Individual

LevelUnit

LevelMEULevel

MEBLevel

Maneuver/Training Area Maneuver/training area(XXXXX) X X

MAGTF-level maneuver/training area(XXXXX) X X

Unit-level instrumented live fire and maneuver training area/range

(XXXXX)X

MAGTF-level instrumented live fireand maneuver training area/range

(XXXXX)X X

Impact Area Dedicated impact area—dudded(XXXXX) X X X X

Impact area—dudded(17430) X X X X

Impact area—nondudded(17431) X X X X

Live Fire Ranges Nonstandard small arms range(17502) X

Basic 10m–25m zero firing range(17510) X X

Automated field-fire range(17520) X X

Rifle known-distance (KD) range(17550) X X

Automated sniper field-fire range(17561) X X

Pistol KD range(17570) X X

Automated combat pistol/MP firearms qualification course

(17572)X X

A-2 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

Live Fire Ranges Automated multi-purposemachine gun (MPMG) range

(17582)X X

40mm (grenade) machine gun qualification range (17620) X X

Automated anti-armor tracking and live fire range (17641) X X

Field artillery direct fire range(17650) X

Task/fighting vehicle stationary gunnery range (17660) X X

Mortar range(17670) X X

Field artillery indirect fire range(17671) X X X

Automated multi-purpose training range (17711) X X

Automated tank/fighting vehiclemulti-purpose range complex

(17722)X

Fire and movement range(17730) X X

Squad defense range(17740) X

Automated infantry squad battle course(17751) X X

Automated infantry platoon battle course(17753) X

Live hand grenade range(17810) X X

Engineer explosive training range(17820) (17821) (17830) X X X X

Aviation Ranges Offensive air support range(XXXXX) X X X X

AAW range(XXXX) X X X X

Assault support range(XXXXX) X X X X

Air reconnaissance range(XXXXX) X

EW range(XXXXX) X X

Table A-1. Marine Corps Suite of Ranges. (Continued) Individual

LevelUnit

LevelMEULevel

MEBLevel

Operational Training Ranges Required Capabilities __________________________________________________________ A-3

MOUTFacilities/Complexes

MOUT assault course(17760) X X

MOUT collective training facility (small)(17962) X X

MOUT collective training facility (large) (17963) X X

MAGTF-level MOUT collective training facility (XXXXX) X X

Table A-1. Marine Corps Suite of Ranges. (Continued) Individual

LevelUnit

LevelMEULevel

MEBLevel

A-4 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

Table A-2. Live Fire Range Characteristics.

Live Fire RangeDimension

(m)Area(km2)

Nonstandard small arms range 200 x 5,000 1

Basic 10m–25m zero firing range 200 x 2,000 .4

Automated field-fire range 520 x 5,000 2.6

Rifle known-distance (KD) range 500 x 2,000 1

Automated sniper field-fire range 600 x 5,000 3

Pistol KD range 120 x 1,000 .12

Automated combat pistol/MP firearms qualification course 120 x 1,000 .12

Automated multi-purpose machine gun (MPMG) range 1,200 x 5,200 6.24

Automated grenade launcher range 500 x 2,500 1.25

40mm (grenade) machine gun qualification range 500 x 2,500 1.25

Automated anti-armor tracking and live fire range 1,000 x 5,000 5

Field artillery direct fire 1,000 x 5,000 5

Tank/fighting vehicle stationary gunnery range 1,000 x 4,000 4

Indirect fire range - mortars (not including 120mm rifled bore mortar) 2,000 x 6,000 12

Indirect fire range - field artillery (including 120mm rifled bore mortar) 12,500 x 25,000 312.5*

Automated multi-purpose training range 1,000 x 4,000 4

Automated heavy tank/fighting vehicle multi-purpose range complex 1,500 x 6,000 9

Fire and movement range 500 x 1,000 .5

Squad defense range 100 x 1,000 .1

Automated infantry squad battle course 1,000 x 2,000 2

Automated infantry platoons battle course 1,500 x 5,000 7.5

Live hand grenade range 80 x 30 .0024

Nonstandardized engineer qualification range 500 x 500 .25

Light demolition range 500 x 500 .25

MAC 300 x 1,500 .45

*Estimate based upon rectangular shape.

APPENDIX B

ADDITIONAL TRAINING INFRASTRUCTURE

Table B-1 is a list of additinal range assets that are essential to range infrastructure.

Table B-1. Additional Training Infrastructure. Individual

LevelUnit

LevelMEULevel

MEBLevel

AdditionalTraining Infrastructure

Gas chamber(17230) X X

Land navigation course(17412) X X

Personnel equipment drop zone(17440) X X X

Mine warfare area(17905) X

Wheeled vehicle drivers course(17906) X X

Tracked vehicle drivers course(17907) X

Amphibious vehicle training area(17908) X

Air transport mockup(17911) X

Rappelling training area(17917) X X

Road/airfield construction training site(17918) X

Floating bridge site(17922) X

Water supply training area(17924) X

Medium heavy equipment training area(17931) X

Decontamination training site(17932) X X

Petroleum, oil, and lubricant training site(17933) X

Fire fighting and rescue training areas(17951) X X

APPENDIX C

GLOSSARY

PART I: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

A/A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . air to airAAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . after action review AAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . antiair warfare ACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aviation combat elementA/G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .air to groundAGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .above ground level ARG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .amphibious ready group

BLM . . . . . . . . . . . .Bureau of Land Management

CAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . close air supportCOTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . commercial off-the-shelf

DA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Department of ArmyDASC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . direct air support center DC I&L . . . . . . . . . . . . Deputy Commandant for

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installations and LogisticsDMPI . . . . . . . . . . .desired mean point of impact DOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Department of Defense DZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . drop zone

EC&C . . . . . . . exercise control and coordination EOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . electronic order of battle ESG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . expeditionary strike group EW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .electronic warfare

FSCC . . . . . . . . . fire support coordination center ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foot/feet

GCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ground combat element

IER . . . . . . . . information exchange requirement ITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . individual training standards

JNTC . . . . . . Joint National Training Capability JTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . joint tactical task

km . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kilometerKPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . key performance parameter

lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . poundLCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . logistics command elementLSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . landing support detachment LZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . landing zone

m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .metersM&S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . modeling and simulation MAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . military operations on

. . . . . . . . . . . . urbanized terrain assault courseMAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine aircraft groupMAGTF . . . . . . . . . Marine air-ground task force MCAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Marine Corps air station MCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine Corps base MCLB . . . . . . . . . . . Marine Corps logistics base MCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine Corps orderMCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine Corps task MCTL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine Corps Task List MEB . . . . . . . . . . . Marine expeditionary brigade MEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine expeditionary forceMET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . meteorologicalMEU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine expeditionary unitMEU(SOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine expeditionary

. . . . . . . . . . . unit (special operations capable)mi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mileMOS . . . . . . . . . . military occupational specialtyMOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . military operations on

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . urbanized terrainMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . military policemph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . miles per hour

nm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .nautical mile NSFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .naval surface fire support

C-2 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

OAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . offensive air support OCE . . . . . . . . . . officer conducting the exercise OMFTS . . . . operational maneuver from the sea OPFOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . opposition force

PK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . probability of kill

RC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . range control RCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . regimental combat team RD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . range debriefing RDCPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Range Data Collection

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .and Processing System REW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .range electronic warfare RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . radio frequency RLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .regimental landing teamRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . range schedulingRT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .range trackingRTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . range training areaRTKN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . real time kill notification

S/A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .surface to airSAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . surface-to-air missile

SDZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . surface danger zoneSOC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . special operations capableS/S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . surface to surfaceSTOM . . . . . . . . . . . ship-to-objective maneuver

2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .two-dimensional3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .three-dimensionalT&R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . training and readinessTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . training circularTECOM . . . . Training and Education CommandTENA . . . . test and training enabling architectureTSD . . . . . . . . transportation support detachment TSPI . . . . . time, space, and position information

UAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unmanned aircraft systemUJTL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Universal Joint Task ListUNTL . . . . . . . . . . . . . Universal Naval Task ListUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States USJFCOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States Joint

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forces CommandV/STOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vertical and/or short

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . takeoff and landing aircraft

Operational Training Ranges Required Capabilities ___________________________________________________________ C-3

PART II: TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

air reconnaissance—The acquisition of informa-tion by employing visual observation and/orsensors in air vehicles. (JP 1-02)

antiair warfare—That action required to destroyor reduce to an acceptable level the enemy air andmissile threat. Antiair warfare integrates alloffensive and defensive actions against enemyaircraft, surface-to-air weapons, and theatermissiles into a singular, indivisible set of opera-tions. It is one of the six functions of Marineaviation. Also called AAW. (MCRP 5-12C)

assault support—The use of aircraft to providetactical mobility and logistic support for theMarine air-ground task force, the movement ofhigh priority cargo and personnel within theimmediate area of operations, in-flight refueling,and the evacuation of personnel and cargo.Assault support is one of the six functions ofMarine aviation. (MCRP 5-12C)

aviation combat element—The core element ofa Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that istask-organized to conduct aviation operations.The aviation combat element (ACE) provides allor a portion of the six functions of Marineaviation necessary to accomplish the MAGTF’smission. These functions are antiair warfare,offensive air support, assault support, electronicwarfare, air reconnaissance, and control ofaircraft and missiles. The ACE is usuallycomposed of an aviation unit headquarters andvarious other aviation units or their detachments.I t can vary in s ize f rom a smal l avia t iondetachment of specifically required aircraft toone or more Marine aircraft wings. In a joint ormultinational environment, the ACE maycontain other Service or multinational forcesassigned or attached to the MAGTF. The ACEitself is not a formal command. Also calledACE. (MCRP 5-12C)

close air support—Air action by fixed- androtary-wing aircraft against hostile targets that arein close proximity to friendly forces and thatrequire detailed integration of each air missionwith the fire and movement of those forces. Alsocalled CAS. (JP 1-02)

combat readiness—Synonymous with opera-tional readiness, with respect to missions or func-tions performed in combat. (JP 1-02)

combat service support—The essential capabili-ties, functions, activities, and tasks necessary tosustain all elements of operating forces in theaterat all levels of war. Within the national andtheater logistic systems, it includes but is notlimited to that support rendered by service forcesin ensuring the aspects of supply, maintenance,transportation, health services, and other servicesrequired by aviation and ground combat troops topermit those units to accomplish their missions incombat. Combat service support encompassesthose activities at all levels of war that producesustainment to all operating forces on the battle-field. Also called CSS. (JP 1-02)

command and control—The exercise of author-ity and direction by a properly designatedcommander over assigned and attached forces inthe accomplishment of the mission. Commandand control functions are performed through anarrangement of personnel, equipment, communi-cations, facilities, and procedures employed by acommander in planning, directing, coordinating,and controlling forces and operations in theaccomplishment of the mission. Also called C2.(JP 1-02)

constructive training event/component—Atraining event/component involving simulatedpeople and simulated systems that can take placeas a stand-alone event or be integrated with a liveor virtual training event/component.

C-4 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

datalink circuit—A circuit that providesencrypted or unencrypted two-way data commu-nication between or among range systems. Seealso range communications system.

deep air support—Air action against enemytargets at such a distance from friendly forces thatdetailed integration of each mission with fire andmovement of friendly forces is not required.Deep air support missions are flown on eitherside of the fire support coordination line; the lackof a requirement for close coordination with thefire and movement of friendly forces is the quali-fying factor. Also called DAS. (MCRP 5-12C)

direct air support center—The principal aircontrol agency of the US Marine air commandand control system responsible for the directionand control of air operations directly supportingthe ground combat element. It processes andcoordinates requests for immediate air supportand coordinates air missions requiring integrationwith ground forces and other supporting arms. Itnormally collocates with the senior fire supportcoordination center within the ground combatelement and is subordinate to the tactical aircommand center. Also called DASC. (JP 1-02)

doctrine—Fundamental principles by which themilitary forces or elements thereof guide theiractions in support of national objectives. It isauthoritative but requires judgment in applica-tion. (JP 1-02)

electronic warfare—Military action involvingthe use of electromagnetic and directed energy tocontrol the electromagnetic spectrum or to attackthe enemy. Electronic warfare consists of threedivisions: electronic attack, electronic protection,and electronic warfare support. Also called EW.(JP 1-02)

event debrief/after action review instrumenta-tion—Devices that recreate exercise control andcoordination, tracking, modeling and simulation,and scoring data from a given event to a degreethat will allow a detailed, post-event, interactive

environment for event participants and observersto review, replay, assess, and critique the partici-pants’ performance. Also called event debrief/AAR instrumentation.

exercise communications circuit—A circuit thatprovides encrypted or unencrypted two-waycommunication between or among exercisecontrol personnel, range event participants, evalu-ators, and headquarters personnel via wireless,acoustic, or radio frequency relay technologies.

exercise control and coordination instrumen-tation—Devices that provide real-time observa-tion and post-mission reconstruction or majorexercises through data set collection, storage,processing, and sharing. Exercise control andcoordination instrumentation may also providelive targets and target control. Also called EC&Cinstrumentation.

ground combat element—The core element of aMarine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that istask-organized to conduct ground operations. It isusually constructed around an infantry organiza-tion but can vary in size from a small ground unitof any type, to one or more Marine divisions thatcan be independently maneuvered under thedirection of the MAGTF commander. It includesappropriate ground combat and combat supportforces, and in a joint or multinational environ-ment, it may also contain other Service or multi-national forces assigned or attached to theMAGTF. The ground combat element itself isnot a formal command. Also called GCE .(MCRP 5-12C)

hostile environment—Operational environmentin which hostile forces have control as well as theintent and capability to effectively oppose orreact to the operations a unit intends to conduct.(JP 1-02)

infantry battalion—A ground combat organiza-tion consisting of a headquarters and servicecompany, a weapons company, and three or fourrifle companies. It is the basic tactical unit within


the Marine Corps and is organized and structuredto plan, conduct, and control ground operations toinclude the integration and terminal direction ofaviation support of the ground battle. Whenrequired, rifle companies can be reinforced withtank, light armored, assault amphibian, and/orcombat engineer units. Infantry battalions fightthe battle as subordinate organizations of theinfantry regiment or as the ground combatelement of a Marine expeditionary unit. Thebattalion is foot mobile unless reinforced. Toperform its role in combat, it requires air defenseand aviation support from Marine aviation andservice support from a combat service supportorganization. (MCRP 5-12C)

live training event/component—A trainingevent/component involving real people and realsystems in a real/natural environment that can beaugmented with virtual or constructive trainingevents/components.

logistics combat element—The core element ofa Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that istask-organized to provide the combat servicesupport necessary to accomplish the MAGTF’smission. The logistics combat element varies insize from a small detachment to one or moreMarine logistics groups. It provides supply, main-tenance, transportation, general engineering,health services, and a variety of other services tothe MAGTF. In a joint or multinational environ-ment, it may also contain other Service or multi-national forces assigned or attached to theMAGTF. The logistics combat element itself isnot a formal command. Also called LCE. (MCRP5-12C)

Marine air-ground task force— The MarineCorps’ principal organization for all missionsacross the range of military operations, composedof fo rces t a sk -o rgan ized unde r a s ing lecommander capable of responding rapidly to acontingency anywhere in the world. The types offorces in the Marine air-ground task force(MAGTF) are functionally grouped into four coreelements: a command element, an aviation

combat element, a ground combat element, and alogistics combat element. The four core elementsare categories of forces, not formal commands.The basic structure of the MAGTF never varies,though the number, size, and type of MarineCorps units comprising each of its four elementswill always be mission dependent. The flexibilityof the organizational structure allows for one ormore subordinate MAGTFs to be assigned. In ajoint or multinational environment, other Serviceor multinational forces may be assigned orattached. Also called MAGTF. (MCRP 5-12C)

Marine Corps Task List—a comprehensive listof Marine Corps tasks, doctrinally based,designed to support current and future mission-essential task list development. (MCRP 5-12C)

Marine expeditionary brigade—A Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is constructedaround a reinforced infantry regiment, a compos-ite Marine aircraft group, and a combat logisticsregiment. The Marine expeditionary brigade(MEB), commanded by a general officer, is task-organized to meet the requirements of a specificsituation. It can function as part of a joint taskforce, as the lead echelon of the Marine expedi-tionary force (MEF), or alone. It varies in sizeand composition and is larger than a Marineexpeditionary unit but smaller than a MEF. TheMEB is capable of conducting missions acrossthe full range of military operations. In a joint ormultinational environment, it may also containother Service or multinational forces assigned orattached to the MAGTF. Also called MEB.(MCRP 5-12C)

Marine expeditionary force—The largestMarine air-ground task force (MAGTF) and theMarine Corps’ principal warfighting organiza-tion, particularly for larger crises or contingen-cies. It is task-organized around a permanentcommand element and normally contains one ormore Marine divisions, Marine aircraft wings,and Marine logistics groups. The Marine expedi-tionary force is capable of missions across therange of military operations, including amphibi-

C-6 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

ous assault and sustained operations ashore in anyenvironment. It can operate from a sea base, aland base, or both. In a joint or multinationalenvironment, it may also contain other Service ormultinational forces assigned or attached to theMAGTF. Also called MEF. (MCRP 5-12C)

Marine expeditionary unit— A Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is constructedaround an infantry battalion reinforced, a helicop-ter squadron reinforced, and a task-organizedlogistics combat element. It normally fulfillsMarine Corps’ forward sea-based deploymentrequirements. The Marine expeditionary unitprovides an immediate reaction capability forcrisis response and is capable of limited combatoperations. In a joint or multinational environ-ment, it may contain other Service or multina-tional forces assigned or attached to the MAGTF.Also called MEU. (MCRP 5-12C)

Marine expeditionary unit (special operationscapable)—The Marine Corps’ standard, forward-deployed, sea-based expeditionary organization.The Marine expeditionary unit (special opera-tions capable (MEU[SOC]) is a Marine expedi-tionary unit, augmented with selected personneland equipment, that is trained and equipped withan enhanced capability to conduct amphibiousoperations and a variety of specialized missionsof limited scope and duration. These capabilitiesinclude specialized demolition, clandestinereconnaissance and surveillance, raids, in extre-mis hostage recovery, and enabling operations forfollow-on forces. The MEU(SOC) is not a specialoperations force but, when directed by the Presi-dent and/or Secretary of Defense, the combatantcommande r , and /o r o the r ope ra t i ona lcommander, may conduct limited special opera-tions in extremis, when other forces are inappro-priate or unavailable. In a joint or multinationalenvironment, it may also contain other Service ormultinational forces assigned or attached to theMarine air-ground task force. Also calledMEU(SOC). (MCRP 5-12C)

modeling and simulation instrumentation—Devices that create an artificial training opera-tional environment, replicating to the greatestdegree possible the expected area of operations.Also called M&S instrumentation.

objective—The desired level of performance of arange-related system or subsystem. An objectivemust be equal to or greater than the threshold.

offensive air support—Those air operationsconducted against enemy installations, facilities,and personnel to directly assist the attainment ofMAGTF objectives by the destruction of enemyresources or the isolation of the enemy’s militaryforces. Offensive air support is one of the sixfunctions of Marine aviation. Also called OAS.(MCRP 5-12C)

operational environment—A composite of theconditions, circumstances, and influences thataffect the employment of capabilities and bear onthe decisions of the commander. (JP 1-02)

operational training—Training that develops,maintains, or improves the operational readinessof individuals or units. (JP 1-02)

range—1. The distance between any given pointand an object or target. 2. Extent or distancelimiting the operation or action of something,such as the range of an aircraft, ship, or gun. 3.The distance that can be covered over a hardsurface by a ground vehicle, with its ratedpayload, using the fuel in its tank and its cansnormally carried as part of the ground vehicleequipment. 4. Area equipped for practice inshooting at targets. In this meaning, also calledtarget range. (JP 1-02)

range communications system—A two-wayvoice and data communications system usedbetween or among range personnel and rangeevent participants. A range communicationssystem is classified into one of three types ofcommunications circuit: range control, exercisecommunications, or datalink. See also datalink


circuit; exercise communications circuit;range control circuit.

range control circuit—A circuit that providestwo-way communication among range personnelvia wireless point-to-point, landline, or web-based technology. These circuits are typicallynot encrypted. Also called RC circuit.

range control instrumentation—Devices thatsupport the range scheduling, operations, andsafety functions by providing range operationspersonnel with the ability to schedule rangeevents, make modification to a scheduled rangeevent, ensure range activities are consistent withrange clearances, provide real-time range decon-fliction, and observe and collect real-time datarelated to on-range event activities. Also calledRC instrumentation.

range instrumentation system—The collectionof facilities, equipment, software, and implemen-tation methodologies used to schedule, monitor,deconflict, create, or reconstruct the trainingrange environment and on-range events. See alsoevent debrief/after action review instrumenta-tion; exercise control and coordination instru-menta t ion ; mode l ing and s imula t ioninstrumentation; range control instrumenta-tion; scoring instrumentation.

range tracking—A system that detects friendlyforce and opposing force event participants’ loca-tion and movement on the range and develops aposition history of those movements.

range modernization—Investments that willallow the Marine Corps to train for tomorrow’srequirements.

range sustainment—Investments that allow theMarine Corps to continue to support its existingtraining requirements.

range and training area—A designated govern-ment facility or land, water, and airspace setaside, managed, and used for training and recre-

ational purposes, research and development, test-ing and evaluation of military munitions andexplosives, other ordnance or weapon systems,and instruction of military personnel in theiremployment.

range upgrade—Investments that improve arange’s ability to support existing trainingrequirements.

readiness—The ability of US military forces tofight and meet the demands of the national mili-tary strategy. Readiness is the synthesis of twodistinct but interrelated levels. a. unit readi-ness—The ability to provide capabilities requiredby the combatant commanders to execute theirassigned missions. This is derived from the abil-ity of each unit to deliver the outputs for which itwas designed. b. joint readiness—The combat-ant commander’s ability to integrate and synchro-nize ready combat and support forces to executehis or her assigned missions. (JP 1-02)

scoring instrumentation—Devices that detectand report the success or projected lethality oflive or virtual training weapons employed on therange.

stability operations—An overarching termencompassing various military missions, tasks,and activities conducted outside the United Statesin coordination with other instruments of nationalpower to maintain or reestablish a safe and secureenvironment, provide essential governmentalservices, emergency infrastructure reconstruc-tion, and humanitarian relief. (JP 1-02)

surface danger zone—Exclusion areas identi-fied to protect personnel from weapons firingduring training. Also called SDZ.

threshold—The minimum acceptable opera-tional performance value of a range-relatedsystem or subsystem.

Universal Joint Task List—A menu of capabili-ties (mission-derived tasks with associated condi-

C-8 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-0C

tions and standards, i.e., the tools) that may beselected by a joint force commander to accom-plish the assigned mission. Once identified asessential to mission accomplishment, the tasksare reflected within the command joint missionessential task list. Also called UJTL. (JP 1-02)

Universal Naval Task List—A combination ofthe Navy Tactical Task List and the MarineCorps Task List that contains a comprehensivehierarchical listing of the tasks that can be

performed by a naval force, describes the vari-ables in the environment that can affect theperformance of a given task, and providesmeasures of performance that can be applied by acommander to set a standard of expected perfor-mance. (MCRP 5-12C)

virtual training event/component—A trainingevent/component that involves real people andsimulated systems, typically in a real/naturalenvironment.

APPENDIX D

REFERENCES

Army Field Manual (FM)

3.06-11 Combined Arms Operations in Urban Terrain

Army Training Circulars (TC)

25-1 Training Land

25-8 Training Ranges

Department of Defense Instruction (DODI)

4165.3 Department of Defense Facility Classes and Construction Categories

Department of the Army Pamphlet (DA Pam)

385-63 Range Safety

Marine Corps Orders (MCOs)

3500.16 Light Armor Reconnaissance Training and Readiness Manual

3500.100 Tank Training and Readiness Manual

3570.1B Range Safety

Naval Facilities Engineering Command P-Publications (NAVFAC P-Pub)

P-72 Department of the Navy Facility Category Codes

Documents

MCRP 8-10B.1 (Formerly MCRP 3-0C