Matter – Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

Properties of matter: ways to describe matter

ex: color, texture, flammability, magnetic, etc.

Every form of matter has 2 kinds of properties

physical propertieschemical properties

Physical property: a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.

Ex: H2O freezes at 0oC

More ex: density, hardness, texture, color, if the substance dissolves in H2O, flexibility, heat conduction, and more!

Chemical Property: A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into a different substance.

Ex.: Flammability ~ When methane burns it combines with oxygen and forms carbon dioxide and water.

Element: A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means.

Atom: The basic particle from which all elements are made.

Molecule: A particle made of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Compound: A pure substance made of 2 or more elements chemically bonded.

Ex.: CO2 ~ Carbon dioxide

H2O ~ water

C12H22O11 ~ table sugar

Each of these compounds has different properties than the individual elements that make it.

Mixtures: 2 or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined.

Ex.: soil

sugar dissolved in water

air (oxygen, nitrogen, & other gases)

brass (copper & zinc)