MATHS AS PLAYCOMENIUS 2011 – 2013

February 2013

Mathematicsand astronomy

Competition for the 4 grade

Problem 1

Now the year is 2013. In 1543 the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus proved that the Earth rotates on its axis while orbiting the Sun. How many years ago did it happen?

Answer

2013 – 1543 = 470

It happened 470 years ago.

Problem 2

Make the calculations and you will find out how many years ago the Earth was born.

2 850 400 3003 940 610 900 2 291 011 200

Answer

It was born 4 500 000 000 years ago.

2 850 400 3003 940 610 9006 791 011 200 4 500 000 000

2 291 011 2006 791 011 200

Problem 3

The orbital period of Jupiter, the biggest planet in the solar system, is about 4 328 days and nights and the orbital period of Mars – 682.Compare the data with the orbital period of the Earth.

Answer

А) 4 328 – 365 = 3 963 days and nightsThe orbital period of Jupiter is 3 963 days and nights longer than the orbital period of the Earth.The orbital period of the Earth is 3 963 days and nights shorter than the orbital period of Jupiter.

Б) 682 – 365 = 317 days and nightsThe orbital period of Mars is 317 days and nights longer than the orbital period of the Earth.The orbital period of the Earth is about 317 days and nights shorter than the orbital period of Mars.

Problem 4

The radius of the Earth is 6 378 km long which is 688 622 km shorter than the radius of the Sun.How long is the radius of the Sun?

Answer

6 378 + 688 622 = 695 000

The radius of the Sun is 695 000 km long.

Problem 5Here is a chart with the range of the planets in the Solar system, their radiuses and distances from the Sun.

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

Radius in km2 420 6 200 6 378 3 400 71 820 60 320 23 800 22 300

Distance from the planet to the sun in km58 108 149 228 778 1 426 2 868 4 494

Is it true that:A) The radius of the Earth is 2 978 km shorter than the radius of Mars?B) Venus is 41 000 000 km closer to the Sun than the Earth?C) The difference between the radiuses of the smallest planet and the biggest one is 69 600 km?

Answer

A) 6 378 – 3 400 = 2 978 kmNo! The radius of the Earth is 2978 km longer than the radius of Mars.

B) 149 000 000 – 108 000 000 = 41 000 000 kmYes!

C) 71 820 – 2 420 = 69 600 kmYes!

Problem 6

• The orbital period of the planet Venus around the Sun is about 225 days and nights, the orbital period of the Earth is 365 and the orbital period of the planet Mercury is 88.

• How many days and nights will it take to Venus to make 3 orbits, to Mercury – 8 orbits and to the Earth – 2 orbits?

Answer

225 . 3 = 675To Venus it will take 675 days and nights.

88 . 8 = 704To Mercury it will take about 704 days and nights.

365 . 2 = 730To the Earth it will take 730 days and nights.

Problem 7

• The planets circle around the Sun. The radius of the orbit of the Earth is 150 000 000 km long and the radius of the orbit of Venus is 60 000 000 km.

• How long is the possible shortest distance between the two planets?

Answer

150 000 000 – 60 000 000 = 90 000 000

The possible shortest distance between the two planets is 90 million km.

Well done!Congratulations!