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1 ASIRA FUONGFUCHAT ([email protected]) NATIONAL METAL AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY CENTER (MTEC) Materials Characterization in Food Development July 3, 2012: Postharvest Preservation and Technology by NSTDA © NSTDA 2011 www.nstda.or.th 2 Food: complex mixtures of water, biopolymers, low molecular weight ingredients and colloidal particles. cheese Food: Complex System ice cream sausage milk white sauce Complex: components, interactions, structures, etc.

Materials Characterization in Food Development · Rheological Properties Mechanical Properties Texturization Processing Phase Behavior Structure‐Property Relationship and Phase

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Page 1: Materials Characterization in Food Development · Rheological Properties Mechanical Properties Texturization Processing Phase Behavior Structure‐Property Relationship and Phase

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ASIRA FUONGFUCHAT([email protected])

NATIONAL METAL AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY CENTER (MTEC)

Materials Characterization in 

Food Development 

July 3, 2012: Postharvest Preservation and Technology by NSTDA

VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 2

Food: complex mixtures of water, biopolymers, low molecular weight ingredients and colloidal particles.

cheese

Food: Complex System

ice cream 

sausage

milk white sauceComplex: components, interactions, structures, etc.

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VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 3

Technology Trends in Food Development

Food Structuring Approach

Food Processing +Sensory +Health: Oral Processing +

Digestion + Nutrition

more than Food Processing and 

Texturization

VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 4

Food Development: Structuring Approach

(micro) Structure of complex mixtures 

(foods)

Rheological Properties

Mechanical Properties

Texturization Processing

Phase Behavior

Structure‐Property Relationship and Phase Behavior

Texture

Sensory (touch and feel)

Product Quality(stability and consistency)

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VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 5

Food Texture Analysisการทดสอบเน้ือสัมผสัและสมบตัเิชงิกลสําหรบัอาหาร      Feels: ใช้มอืตาปากจมกูหู                       ประสบการณ ์

Apparent values: viscograph, RVA, TPA 

    ขนาด/รปูรา่งตวัอยา่ง                

Absolute values: rheological/mechanical testing    เทยีบระหวางวสัดไุด

VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 6

Instrumental Analysis: Food Textureความสาํคญัสมบตัริีโอโลยแีละสมบตัเิชงิกลของอาหาร

• สามารถเปรียบเทยีบกบัวสัดใุดๆ ได

ถ ั่วกระจก vs.        กระจก

vs

• สามารถแบงแยกอทิธพิลของแตละสวน

• สามารถเชือ่มโยงกบัโครงสรางเชงิจุลภาค

แยกช ัน้ยากเน่ืองจากมโีครงสรางสามมติิ

ความหนืดตํ่า!!

หยุนหนืด (elastic) สงู (elastic ∼ viscous responses)

stre

ss

strain

Ice cream

+ κ‐carrageenan

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VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 7

Materials Characterization: Food Structure

VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 8

Materials Characterization: Food StructureScattering Technique

• Size• Arrangement• Diffusion 

 

 

  OM 

  

Confocal 

  

Microscopy• Size• Structure 

 

 

  

Rheology• Size• Structure• Arrangement• Flow behavior 

 

 

 

SEM 

  

TEM 

  

Rheo‐microscopy 

 

 

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VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 9

Materials Characterization: Food TextureRheology/Mechanical Testing

VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 10

Rheological/Mechanical Testing

Uniaxial Stress‐Strain

Fracture Toughness

IndentationRheology

Process Simulation

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VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 11

Food Structuring Approach for any products & any new formula

VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 12

Case Study I: SauceSauce จาก fruit/vegetable puree             

Important factor: particle size and particle size distribution, surface charge, concentration, density

Suspension

Mixer

HP Homogenizer

อาหารขนสาํหรบัเด็ก/ผูสงูอายุ

“Farris effect”

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VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 13

Case Study I: Sauce

Density  sedimentation Stabilization

Prevent sedimentation/improve stability:Starches/Fibers/Hydrocolloids/Emulsifier/สารพยุงเยือ่

Texture?!?, since Solutions: keep suspension characteristics

VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 14

Case Study I: Sauce

Zero‐fat Mayonnaise

Yield stress

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VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 15

Case Study I: SauceFood‐Packaging Interaction

Squeezable bottle

Squeezable bottle + no drip cap

http://imk209.wikispaces.com/

∼ 15  Pa

Designer : Seonkeun Park and Jinsun ParkLast drop

VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 16

Oral Processing ‐ Digestion

Trends in Food Science & TechnologyVolume 25, Issue 1, May 2012, Pages 4–12

5 s                     10s                      20s เจลลีโ่ภชนาสาํหรบัผูป วยมะเร็งชองปาก (นกัวจิยัไทย)Food Hydrocolloids 20 (2006) 24–34

Case Study I+

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VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 17

Case Study II: Frozen Starch‐based FoodsIce crystals and ice crystal size

Rapid cryogenic cooling  intact cells + tiny crystals  

VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 18

Case Study II: : Frozen Starch‐based Foods

• Syneresis• Stiff gel• Sponge‐like structure

• Rapid cryogenic cooling (minimize phase separation)

• Hydrocolloids (minimize freezable water)

Freezing/Freeze‐Thaw

Starch gel

เจลสตารชขาวทนตอการแชเยอืกแข็งและละลายน้ําแข็ง (นกัวจิยัไทย)

ไทยรฐัออนไลน

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VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 19

Food Development: Materials Technology Approach

Rheological Properties

Mechanical Properties

Structure/Morphology

Texturization/processing

Food Texture

Mathematic Modeling/Simulation

Physico-chemical Properties

•Healthy Foods (Low fat/Low cholesterol)

•Specialty Foods (Elderly/Baby/Gluten‐free)

•Ready Meals(Frozen/Chilled)

VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 20

Capillary RheometerMelt Flow Indexer Advanced Rheometrics Expansion System (ARES) (Controlled‐Strain Rheometer)

HR Nano(Controlled‐Stress Rheometer)

Various geometries for rheometers Universal Testing Machine with Food Texture Measuring Fixtures

MTEC Facilities for Food Technology 

Capillary Rheometerwith Haul‐off Unit

Food Research Lab

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VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 21

Research: Food Rheology

Improvement of Freeze‐Thaw Stability of Starch‐based Foods by Thermo‐reversible Biopolymers: Frozen Ready‐Meals

Mechanical Testing for Texture Assessment of Chicken Meats

Viscoelasticity of Gluten‐free Bread Dough(Rice Flour‐based Breads)

Polysaccharide/Starch‐based Rheology Modifiers for Fat‐free Products

VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 22

Working with Industries

Carbohydrate‐based Fat Replacer

Texture Improvement of Liquid/Semi‐Solid Foods and  Deep‐fried Foods

Texture Improvement of Starch‐based Ready Meals

Technical Services: Rheology and Texture Analysis

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VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 23

Delicious, Good Texture Healthy Foods

What we see and taste… … what we actually eat.

VM‐EIMS Proposal for GPP© NSTDA 2011www.nstda.or.th 24

Polymer Physics Lab, Polymer Research UnitNational Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC)National Science and Technology Development Agency114 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Road, Klong 1 Klong Luang, Pathumthani 1210Tel: 025646500 ext 4441 (Asira)

A Driving Force for NationalScience and Technology Capability

Thank you