Master Thesis Style - Computer Science and Engineering

8/12/2019 Master Thesis Style - Computer Science and Engineering

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FORMAT MANUAL FOR THESIS/DISSERTATION

INTRODUCTIONYour thesis, dissertation, or equivalent (also referred to herein as a document) is theculmination of an important stage of your graduate studies. By researching andwriting this final work, you show that you have acquired the skills essential to yourdiscipline. Through this process, you obtain an advanced degree of specializedknowledge, and by presenting this knowledge, you demonstrate that you havemastered the standards of communication and presentation expected by yourcolleagues. The document also serves as a way for the school to continually evaluate,and modify its degree program.

RESPONSIBILITIESWhen you submit your work for format evaluation, a format advisor will see that yourdocument meets the requirements described in this manual. Therefore, you should

become familiar with this manual at the time you begin your first draft and use it inconjunction with a style guide appropriate to your field. To avoid complications, youshould not rely on others theses and dissertationswhether library or departmentalcopiesto format your document. You and your committee are responsible for thecontent and quality of your document. When you have questions concerning thesubstance of your work (such as the arrangement of tables or whether material

belongs in an appendix), first ask your chair or other members of your committee.They will be most familiar with your work and will know the standards in your field.A format advisor can assist you in interpreting this manual or your style guide, butyour committee is your best resource for advice about writing and organizing yourwork. Although the format advisor evaluates the formal aspects of your document,your committee members are the final judges.

FORMAT EVALUATION, ORAL DEFENSE,ACCEPTANCE OF YOUR DOCUMENT, AND BINDING

OverviewWhen your committee agrees that you have produced a complete, defense-ready draftof your document (i.e., it has been proofread for grammar and punctuation andincludes the text and all tables, figures, references, and appendices, but may requirecontent changes), you may submit an unbound, high print quality document to yourSchool for format review.

The Submission ProcessBefore your complete thesis, dissertation, or equivalent may be accepted by yourSchool for format review, the following requirements must be met:

You have completed the minimum departmental/school requirement toconduct a thesis/dissertation research;

Your committee has been approved by your School; You have passed all required examinations (e.g., qualifying or

comprehensives);


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You must be enrolled for at least one credit hour of appropriate graduate levelcredit, during the semester or summer session in which you defend and/ormeet special requirements if defending during the summer or a break period

Format Review ProcessA format advisor checks your work against this Format Manual . He/she also spot-

checks for misspellings, inconsistencies, typographical errors, and grammatical problems, but a thorough review of the entire document for these errors is theresponsibility of the student and the committee chair. Turnaround time for reviewfluctuates depending on volume and increases as the deadline approaches. Yourdocument will be reviewed as quickly as possible. Few documents are approved as aresult of the first review, but students are rarely prevented from holding the oraldefense. Although your format may be approved at any time (before or after yourdefense), you must have final format approval before the Directors signature can beobtained on your approval page.

Oral DefenseBe sure to take a clean copy of the correctly formatted approval page to your defensefor your committee to sign. In the event that one of your original committee membersmust be absent from the defense, please contact the Office of the Director of yourSchool so that you may be referred to the specific procedures set by the AcademicCouncil. Although defense procedures vary by department or degree program,typically, after a successful defense, you will receive from your chair the signedapproval page. Then, you will need to take the approval page to the head of youracademic unit, and the Director of your School to be signed. Although yourcommittee may recommend changes to your content following your defense, there isno need to submit a full revised copy unless indicated as part of your previous formatreview. However, if your previously approved title and/or abstract changes, based oncommittee recommendation after your defense, you will need to resubmit revised titleand approval pages and/or the abstract for an additional format review before theDirectors signature can be obtained.

OVERALL THESIS/DISSERTATION FORMATREQUIREMENTS AND ORGANIZATION

In order to bring uniformity to the reporting of the research conducted by you, it isimperative that all students follow a common guideline in preparing thethesis/dissertation. Unless otherwise approved by the school, all students are requiredto follow this style manual for this reporting purpose. This style manual is required byyou for:

Heading style and labels Table format and style of table titles Figure format and style of captions Citation method and format Reference list (or notes/bibliography) format Quotation format

ORGANIZATION All reports are broadly organized in three sections:


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1. Preliminary matter (title and approval pages, abstract, table of contents, list oftables, etc.)

2. Text (introduction and sections)3. Back matter (notes, references or bibliography, appendices, and biographical

sketch)

PRELIMINARY MATTER REQUIREMENTSThe preliminary matter consists of the title page, approval page, abstract, dedication(optional), acknowledgments (optional), table of contents, list of tables, list of figures,other lists (such as nomenclature), and the preface (optional). Preliminary pages are

paginated separately from the rest of the text. The title page and approval page arecounted but no page numbers appear on them. Starting with the abstract on page iii,

begin placing page numbers in lowercase roman numerals on the bottom of the preliminary pages. Continue placing the roman numerals on the subsequent pages upto the first page of the text (chapter 1 or the introduction). Specific requirements foreach part of the preliminary matter follow. Proper order of Preliminary Pages:

1. Title page2. Approval page3. Abstract4. Dedication ( optional )5. Acknowledgments ( optional )6. Table of contents7. List of tables ( if tables appear in document )8. List of figures ( if figures appear in document )9. Other lists ( e.g., nomenclature, definitions, glossary of terms, etc. )

10. Preface ( optional; must be less than 10 pages )

Each of these items is further described below.

Title pageThe title page is the first page of the report. It contains the title of the work, the nameand other declaration. See Annexure 1 for a sample Title page.

Title Page Checklist Margins: left 1.5 inches; right, top, bottom 1 inch; Text centered between left and right, and top and bottom margins; Typeface consistent with main text; TITLE in all capitals. Not more than 15 words (90 characters, including

spacing between words and punctuation); Spell out all acronyms in full; No boldface; by in lower case; Full name of the student in upper/lowercase combination, (e.g. Abul Islam

Mohammad Najme Rahmani Khondakar); Declaration. Wording identical to Annexure 1 except for variations in type of

document and name of degree;


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Thesis, or Dissertation; Fulfillment (no s); Requirements (with an s); INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY, BANGLADESH in all capitals; Correct month and year (of the posting of grade); Month in upper/lowercase; No comma between month and year; Page number: does not appear; counted as i;

Approval pageThis page, as indicated by the signature of your committee members, indicates theconsent of your committee to the fact that you have completed your thesis/dissertationin a manner that you had been directed. Since this page is part of your formal report,you have to obtain the signature on this page before you give your report for final

binding. Therefore, you should obtain the signatures on the approval page withsufficient time with you to bind the report and submit it before the oral examination.

See Annexure 2 for examples of the Approval Page.

Approval Page Checklist Margins: left 1.5 inches; right, top, bottom 1 inch; Typeface consistent with main text; TITLE exactly as appearing on the Title page, centered between left and right

margins; Spell out all acronyms in full; No boldface; by in lower case double space below the Title, centered between left and

right margins; Full name of the student in upper/lowercase combination, (e.g. Abul Islam

Mohammad Najme Rahmani Khondakar) double space below the previousline, centered between left and right margins;

has been approved in lowercase four spaces below the previous line,centered between left and right margins;

Correct month and year (of oral defense) double space below the previousline, centered between left and right margins;

Month in upper/lowercase; APPROVED in all capitals, followed by a colon (:), typed left justified, four

spaces below the previous line; Type the month and year of oral defense; No comma between month and year; Add signature lines as follows:

a) Create the number of signature lines equal to the number of yourcommittee members;

b) Begin lines at the left margin and extend to the right margin;c) Make the lines solid (but not bold) and horizontal, with double-spacing

between them;d) Name of the Chairperson, followed by a comma(,), flushed left;e) type Chairperson flush right and underlined;f) Add a comma (,) and one space before Chairperson;


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g) Required numbers of lines with names of members followed by a commaflushed left, and , Member flushed right;

Supervisory Committee double space below the previous line, centered between left and right margin;

ACCEPTED in all capitals, followed by a colon(:) starting from the centerof the page, six spaces below the previous line;

A solid line from the center of the page to the right margin six spaces belowthe previous line;

Director, followed by a comma (,), followed by one space, then followed bythe name of the school, in upper/lower case;

Page number: does not appear; counted as ii;

AbstractThe abstract lets the public and other colleagues know about the report. The abstractshould be a succinct summary of the aims, methods, conclusions or results, andsignificance of your study. If the abstract is well written, other researchers are moreapt to go on to read the entire document. Before writing the abstract, it isrecommended that the student read a number of abstracts from previous reports. Thesample abstract in Annexure 3 provides a model for format and style.

Abstract Checklist Margins: left 1.5 inches; right, top, bottom 1 inch; Text flush left, not centered; Typeface and size consistent with main text; ABSTRACT in all capitals and centered between margins; No boldface; Double-spaced; Length: 350 words maximum; usually no more than 1.5 pages; No citations or references; Spell all acronyms in full on the first use with the acronyms in parentheses; No first person, i.e., use of I or we; third person terms such as this

researcher or this writer are appropriate; Summarizes the research or creative activity that formed the basis for your

document; Page number(s): roman numeral(s), beginning with iii, centered between left

and right margins, 1 inch from bottom of page;

Dedication and AcknowledgmentsThese are optional pages, although most documents have a brief paragraphacknowledging the contributions of committee members and others who helped thestudent complete the research. The dedication and the acknowledgments should be onseparate pages. If you decide to include these pages, you must maintain a professionaltone.

Dedication Checklist Margins: left 1.5 inches; right, top, bottom 1 inch; Text centered between left and right margins;


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Typeface and size consistent with main text; Double-spaced; Page number: lower case roman numeral, consecutive from previous section,

centered between left and right margins, 1 inch from bottom of page;

Acknowledgments Checklist Margins: left 1.5 inches; right, top, bottom 1 inch; Text flush left, not centered; Typeface and size consistent with main text; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS in all capitals and centered between margins No boldface; Double-spaced; Maximum two pages; Page number(s): lower-case roman numeral(s), consecutive from previous

section, centered between left and right margins, 1 inch from bottom of page;

Table of ContentsThe table of contents introduces the reader to the report, indicating its contents,organization, and progression. The key is to provide easy access and not tooverwhelm the reader with a detailed index of the contents. The table of contents iscompiled by listing the headings in the document; it should not show a listing foranything preceding it (Abstract, Dedication, Acknowledgments, etc.). The studentmust be consistent in the level of heading that is listed; e.g., if the second-levelsubheadings are listed from one chapter, the second-level subheadings from allchapters that contain this level. Each level of subheading should be consistentlyindented a few spaces more than the preceding level. The arrangement of the table ofcontents in Annexure 4 works for any document, with minor adjustments for the styleof chapter numbers or heading levels.

Table of Contents Checklist Margins: left 1.5 inches; right, top, bottom 1 inch; Typeface and size consistent with main text TABLE OF CONTENTS in all capitals and centered between margins Convey structure and content of document Begin with the preliminary pages following the table of contents (i.e., lists) Maximum of four levels: chapter titles, headings, and two levels of

subheadings Consistent for each chapter (if subheadings for some chapters are included,

subheadings for all chapters must be included) Identical in style and substance (wording, punctuation, letter case) tocorresponding chapter title, heading, or subheading in the text; lengthy entries

abbreviated but not paraphrased (i.e., identical up to the point of abbreviation) All page numbers aligned along the right margin with leader dots or solid lines

between heading and page number Length: may be a few pages; no continued at top of second and subsequent

pages Page number(s): lower case roman numeral(s), consecutive from previous

section, centered between left and right margins, 1 inch from bottom of page


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List of Tables and List of FiguresObviously, only those documents that use tables and figures require these lists. Bothlists follow essentially the same format, resembling the table of contents. The samplein Annexure 5 provides model that are easy to read and work well for any document.

List of Tables and List of Figures Checklist Margins: left 1.5 inches; right, top, bottom 1 inch; Typeface and size consistent with main text LIST OF TABLES and LIST OF FIGURES in all capitals and centered

between margins List of tables precedes list of figures Every table title and figure caption included Identical in style and substance (wording, punctuation, letter case) to

corresponding titles and captions in the text; lengthy entries abbreviated butnot paraphrased (i.e., identical up to the point of abbreviation)

All page numbers aligned along the right margin with leader dots or solid lines between caption and page number

Length: may be several pages; no continued at top of second and subsequent pages

Page number(s): lower case roman numeral(s), consecutive from previoussection, centered between the proper margins, 1 inch from the bottom of the

page

Other ListsLists other than the table of contents, list of tables, and list of figures may benomenclature, list of symbols, definitions or glossary, or similar lists. Students should

discuss with their supervisor the need for such lists, decide upon the proper title, andthen choose a clearly organized format. Once the format is chosen, they should followit consistently.

TEXT REQUIREMENTSAlmost always, the reports are organized as chapters, although a student may useother divisions of the text if the supervisor prefer (e.g., research journal format).Every page of the report must meet the margin requirements listed several times inthis manual: 1.5 inches on the left and 1 inch at the top, right, and bottom. The extrahalf-inch in the left margin will be taken up by the binding. The text, headings, lists,tables, and figures of your document will appear off-center on the printed page, butonce bound, the margins will appear equal and the material centered properly.

Each chapter should start on a new page. The first line of a new chapter should be thechapter number, all in capital. Double space below the chapter number should be thetitle of the chapter, also in capital. These two lines should be centered between the leftand the right margins.

Paragraphs should be adequately identified by using left indentation, or using an extra blank line before the paragraph.


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FontsIt is recommended that you use fonts those are used commonly, eg. Times NewRoman, Arial, Verdana. Font size should be 12. Once you select a font, you have tokeep this consistent throughout the document, figure captions, table captions, insidethe figures and tables. This is not applicable to cases where special fonts may have to

be selected, e.g. indicating Greek symbols, or other special symbols. The font size isalso not applicable to subscripts and superscripts. The font sizes of subscripts andsuperscripts should be left to as set by the word-processor you are using to type yourdocument.

Line spacingEntire document should be typed with double spacing. This spacing is not applicableto figure and table captions, references, inside tables, where single spacing should beused.

Headings and SubheadingsYou may use headings and subheadings to subdivide chapters or sections, but theymust consistently follow the scheme for headings outlined in the style guide. youshould determine the maximum number of subheadings that you will use throughoutthe report document, then identify the appropriate sequence of headingsrecommended by the supervisor, and then follow that sequence in ascending order.You may need only three heading levels in the first chapter but require four for theother chapters; they should use the same first-, second-, and third level headings forall chapters, adding the fourth level for those chapters that require it. You should notchange the sequence and style of headings from chapter to chapter. Once the sequenceis chosen, follow it consistently throughout your document.

Headings and Subheadings Checklist Margins: left 1.5 inches; right, top, bottom 1 inch; Consistent with style guide or journal Typeface and size consistent throughout document Scheme of levels consistent throughout document Wording and order identical to entries in table of contents Followed by at least two lines of text before end of page If subheadings are used, there must be at least two subheadings beneath a

heading; for example, if youre going to have an a you must also have a b

Placement of Tables and FiguresPlacing tables and figures near the text that refers to them is more useful to the readerthan grouping them at the end of the document. The reader can easily determine therelevance of the table or figure, reinforcing or substantiating the text. With this said,the students have a few options regarding the placement of tables and figures. A tableor figure is either inserted in the text as close as possible after the first reference ismade to it, or grouped with other illustrations at the end of the chapter in which it isdiscussed. A third option is to place all tables and figures in an appendix. (Use onemethod and use it consistently.) Table titles must always appear with the table(usually above the table). Figure captions should appear with the figure (usually

below the figure). Large figures sometimes leave little room for the caption. When


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this happens, the caption may appear on the facing page. All pages of the text mustmeet the same margin requirements, including pages on which tables and figuresappear.

Tables and figures can be either numbered sequentially in the entire document,starting with figure 1 and continuing throughout the document; or these can be

numbered sequentially for each chapter, e.g figure 2.3 for the third figure in chapter 2.Care should also be taken in typing figure 2.3 in the body of the document. Thespace between figure and 2.3 should be a hard space (shift-ctrl-spacebar) onMicrosoft Word . A hard space will treat figure and 2.3 as one entity. Otherwise,

because of line wrapping by the word processor, figure and 2.3 may end up ontwo separate lines.

PaginationThe text of the report begins with the first page of chapter 1 (or the introduction). This

page is counted as page 1, but not numbered. No page number appears on the first page of each chapter, the first page of notes, the first page of the reference list or bibliography, or the title pages of appendices. The text is numbered with arabicnumerals placed in the upper right-hand corner, 1 inch from the top edge of the pageand 1 inch from the right edge of the page. Begin numbering with page 2. The textbegins two spaces below the page number or approximately 1.5 inches from thetop. There are to be no running heads in your document, only page numbers.

BACK MATTER REQUIREMENTSThe back matter of the report document consists of the notes, the references (or

bibliography), appendices, and the biographical sketch (optional). The back matter is paginated consecutively from the last page of the text (pages that are counted but notnumbered are indicated in the following lists of requirements). The back matter,including appendices, must meet the same margin requirements as the rest of thedocument.

NotesIf the report uses notes, the student may (1) place them at the bottom of the page(footnotes), (2) group them at the end of each chapter (endnotes or chapter notes), or(3) group them at the end of the document, before the bibliography (notes). If it ischosen to group the notes at the end of each chapter, the notes should begin on a new

page, which is counted but not numbered. Following the first page of notes, pagenumbers should be placed on the rest of the pages. If it is chosen to group the notes atthe end of the document, the notes should begin on a new page, which is counted but

not numbered. Subsequent pages should be numbered. Notes are indicated in the textand in the notes with superscript numbers. The number should appear here 1 ratherthan here1, so it is distinct from the text.

Notes Checklist Margins: left 1.5 inches; right, top, bottom 1 inch; Typeface and size consistent with main text (except footnotes, which may be

smaller in size) Double-spaced (lines within individual notes may be single-spaced)


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Numbers appear as superscripts, not as normal text Every callout (note number in text) actually appears in and corresponds to the

notes Format and style conform to style guide or journal and are consistent

throughout the notes Page number(s): first page counted but not numbered; subsequent pages

numbered in upper right-hand corner, 1 inch from top and 1 inch from right

ReferencesIt is a matter of professional ethics to give credits to the researchers whos publishedwork you have used in conducting your work. These published works may be books,

journal articles, web sites, or even personal communication. There are severalstandard ways to cite these works. Out of these, two styles are very widely used.These are described below. A student may select any one of them. Once a style ischosen, it must be followed consistently throughout the report.

Style 1In the text of the report, the works are cited by using the last name of the authors andthe year of publication, e.g. Woods (1975), or (Woods 1975). The first style is usedwhen there is reference to the author, and the second style is used when there isreference to the work. Example:

As Woods (1975) has pointed out, reduction to a canonical form is provablyuncomputable for monoids, a type of algebraic group that is far simpler than naturallanguage.

or

Reduction to a canonical form is provably uncomputable for monoids, a type ofalgebraic group that is far simpler than natural language (Woods 1975).

If there are two authors, last names of both the authors are cited in the text, e.g.Woods & Smith (1978), or (Woods & Smith 1978) notice the use of & and notand. If there are more than two authors, the last name of the lead author along withet al. is used, e.g. Woods et al. (1980), or (Woods et al. 1980) there is a stop at theend of al . If same set of authors have more than one citation for a given year, letter a ,b, c, etc. are used at the end of the year of publication, e.g. Woods (1975 a, 1975 b).

In the Reference section, the works are cited alphabetically according to the last nameof the lead author as follows:

Driscoll, James R., Gabow, H. N., Shrairman, R. and Tarjan, R. E. 1988 Relaxedheaps: An alternative to Fibonacci heaps with application to parallel computation.Communication of the ACM , 31 , 11, 1343-1354.

Drake, Alvin W. 1967 Fundamentals of Applied Probability Theory , McGraw-Hill.


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Style 2The second style that is used very widely uses numerical ordering as they are cited inthe main text of the report. Example:

Reduction to a canonical form is provably uncomputable for monoids, a type ofalgebraic group that is far simpler than natural language [15].

The number [15] refers to the numerical order of the work appearing in the report. Ifthere are more than one citation for a work, it can be referred to as follows:

Reduction to a canonical form is provably uncomputable for monoids, a type ofalgebraic group that is far simpler than natural language [6],[9],[15]-[17].

In the Reference section, the works are listed according to their order of citation in thedocument:

[6] Driscoll, James R., Gabow, H. N., Shrairman, R. and Tarjan, R. E. 1988Relaxed heaps: An alternative to Fibonacci heaps with application to parallelcomputation. Communication of the ACM , 31 , 11, 1343-1354.

[15] Drake, Alvin W. 1967 Fundamentals of Applied Probability Theory , McGraw-Hill.

Because of their relative new appearance, no particularly standard procedure hasevolved for citing material available on the World Wide Web. But, the followinginformation is generally included in citations of WWW sites.

The authors name (if known) or screen name/alias The full title of the document, cited as a journal article would be cited by your

style guide

The title of the complete work (if applicable) in italics or underlined Version or file numbers (if applicable or known) The date of the documents publication or last revision (if applicable or

known) The full http address (URL); The date the researcher (you) visited the site, in parentheses

References Checklist Margins: left 1.5 inches; right, top, bottom 1 inch; Typeface and size consistent with main text Double-spaced (lines within individual entries should be single-spaced) Every author and work cited in text appears (pay attention to the spelling of

authorsnames and year of publication) Format and style conform with style guide or journal and are consistent

throughout Arranged in proper order (alphabetical, chronological, numerical, etc.,

depending on style guide or journal) Page number(s): first page counted but not numbered; subsequent pages



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AppendicesThe students should discuss with their supervisor the need for appendices, carefullyconsidering the value of the material they propose to include. How does the materialrelate to the rest of the text? Would it be more useful to readers somewhere within thetext? (Brief material is probably better placed in the text than at the end of the

document.) Some material may be so lengthy that placing it in the text would disruptthe readers comprehension of the material. Placing lengthy computer printouts, rawdata, procedural explanations, written releases to use copyrighted work,supplementary tables, examples of data collection sheets, or questionnaires inappendices makes sense. To provide a clear break between appendices, the studentsshould designate each with a letter or roman numeral (APPENDIX A orAPPENDIX I) and a title, and provide a separate title page for each. The title pagesare counted but not numbered. Subsequent pages are numbered as usual. Theappendix is listed in the table of contents. All material in the appendices must meetthe usual margin requirements.

Appendices Checklist Margins: left 1.5 inches; right, top, bottom 1 inch; Spacing: whatever is appropriate for material Material appropriate as an appendix (e.g., copyright permission is obtained); Title page: APPENDIX A (or APPENDIX I, etc.) on first line, title on

second line, centered between margins in middle of page Titles appear in table of contents Tables and figures appearing in appendices noted in list of tables and list of

figures Page numbers: title page counted but not numbered; subsequent pages


PREPARING AND SUBMITTING THE DOCUMENTYou should recognize that their work becomes a part of the academic activity of theuniversity. The following requirements are provided keeping this objective in mind.

1. The entire report should be laser printed using A4 size (210 mm 297 mm) paper on at least 80 gms/m 2 weight.

2. The entire document should be typed in Portrait mode of the page.Landscape mode can be used in the middle of the document in cases wheretables or figures are sufficiently wide so that these could not be accommodatedin the Portrait mode.

3. The entire report should be printed in black on white paper. Using colouredfigures and colour photographs are strongly discouraged. Coloured materialsappear to fade with time.

4. CDs, floppies, or other recording medium may be included in the report. If thestudent decides to do so, they should keep in mind the archival nature of thesemediums. This is to say that these recording mediums should not deterioratewith time.

5. The CDs, floppies, or other recording medium should be self-contained.Example: If the CD contains PDF file, there should be a PDF reader on theCD; if the CD contains an image, there should be an image reader; etc.


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Copyrights and Intellectual Property Ownership must be kept in mind in preparing the recording mediums.

6. Once the committee approves the thesis/dissertation, these should be hard bounded.

7. The top of the bounded document should contain the title of the work, name ofthe student, name of the university, and month and year of graduation. See

Annexure 6 for an example.8. The side of the report should contain the last name of the student at the top,

and the letters IUB at the bottom. These should be written so that they can beread horizontally when the report is held vertical. If the last name of thestudent is long, the name and the letters IUB can be written, so that they can

be read horizontally when the report is lying on a table. See Annexure 7 forexample.

9. Submit two copies of the hardbound report to the IUB Library.10. Please consult your School for other submission requirements. For example,

your school and your chairperson may request one bound copy each of yourthesis/dissertation. You school may request a soft copy of yourthesis/dissertation.


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A COMPARISON OF ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITRECHTURES:PARALLELISM, SCALABILITY, AND PROGRAMMING ISSUES

by

Abul Islam Mohammad Najme Rahmani Khondakar

A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillmentof the Requirements for the Degree

Master of Sciencein

Computer Science

INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY, BANGLADESH

May 1997

Annexure 1


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by


has been approved

April 1997

APPROVED:

Name of Chairperson , Signature , Chairperson

Name of member , Signature , Member

Name of member , Signature , Member

Supervisory Committee

ACCEPTED:

_________________________________Director, School of Communication

Annexure 2


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ABSTRACT

This report attempts to understand the influence of seasonal variation of monsoons on

the structure of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. To this end wind flow

data for almost two years have been collected at six locations along the coast of Bay

of Bengal in Bangladesh. Results indicate that wind flow during both summer and

winter is superposition of flow generated by heating and cooling of landmass and

flow generated due to the pressure gradient responsible for monsoons. The direction

of monsoon flow is southward during winter and northward during summer.

Autocorrelations of velocity indicate that the time scale of the flow is of the order of 2

to 3 days during summer and 4 to 5 days during winter. The energy containing eddies

are strongly anisotropic, and are aligned in the general direction of monsoon flow.

The length scale of the energy containing eddies vary from 500 kilometers during

winter to 2,000 kilometers during summer. On the other hand, the dimension of the

dissipating eddies vary from 3.5 meters during winter to 5 meters during summer.

Most of the turbulent kinetic energy is contributed by the flow generated due to the

influence of monsoons. It is only during winter that the energy contribution from the

flow generated due to heating and cooling of landmass is of the same order of

magnitude as the energy contribution from the flow generated by monsoons. The

power spectrum of velocity shows a large inertial subrange. The spectra of the

velocity reveal that there are additional physical processes present within monsoon

flow, which result in the absence of any gap in the spectrum. Flux Richardson number

indicates that at no time neither during daytime or nighttime, nor during winter or

summer is the turbulence close to being suppressed by buoyancy.

iii

Annexure 3


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1.3 Potential Contributions and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

1.4 Organisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2 BACKGROUND LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.1 Comprehensive Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.2 Structural Role Analysis of Organizational Buying Behavior 44

2.3 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

3 A NETWORK PERSPECTIVE OF ORGANIZATIONAL

BUYING BEHAVIOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

3.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

3.2 Theoretical Framework for the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

3.3 Research Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

3.4 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

4 METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

4.1 Determination of the Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

4.2 Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

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CHAPTER Page

4.3 Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

5 DATA ANALYSES AND RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

5.1 Profile and Statistics of Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

5.2 Validity Within the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

5.3 Reliability of the Individual Influence Scales. . . . . . .. . . . 146

5.4 Regression Analysis of Procurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

5.5 Summary and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 180

6.1 Managerial Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

6.2 Researcher Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

APPENDIX

A INTERVIEW SCHEDULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

B DEPARTMENTAL AVERAGES FOR PROCUREMENT

WORKFLOW AND COMMUNICATION NETWORK

RESPONSE AND PREDICTOR VARIABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Buying Center Dimensions, Organizational Structure, Purchase

Situation Attribute: Constructs and Operational Variables . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2 Involvement and Influence Findings from Selected Organizational

Buying Behavior Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3 Definition of Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

4 Partial Listing of Procurement-Related Activities and Decisions .. . . . . 92

5 Boundary Specification for the Procurement Work-Flow Network . . . . 93

6 Summary of Selected Studies of Communication or Work Activities

within a Single Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

7 Buyer Purchasing Assignments for Said Enterprises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

8 Reliabilities, Means, and Standard Deviations of Influence: Individual

Items and Overall Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

9 Pairwise Correlations Among Procurement Work-Flow and

Communication Network Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

10 Relationship Between Emergent and Prescribed Procurement

Workflow Variables and Measures of Influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

11 Contribution of the Departmental Membership and Hierarchical

Level Dummy Variables to the Percentage of Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1. A model of organizational buying behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2. A model of industrial buying behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3. Taxonomy of selected organizational buying center studies by major

research issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

4. Classification of selected intraorganizational power/influence

research by level of analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

5. Model of individual influence during organizational procurement

related activities and decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

6. Model of factors that contributed to the research design of the present

study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

7. Organizational chart for Saide Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

8. Organizational chart for a business center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

9. Organizational chart for purchasing department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

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INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY, BANGLADESH

May 1997

Annexure 6


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Khondakar

IUB

Kh

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d a k a r

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Annexure 7

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Documents

Master Thesis Style - Computer Science and Engineering