Martinique (2)

8/9/2019 Martinique (2)

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INTRODUCTION

Salut et bienvenue a Martinique (Hello and welcome toMartinique!)

oo on t"e in#ide and di#cover w"at mae# Martinique termed

a# t"e $T"e I#le o% &lower#' t it# *reate#t +oint#, Martinique

mea#ure# -. mile# lon* and /0 mile# wide, deliverin* 0/-

#quare mile# o% ru**ed mountainou# land#ca+e, den#e %ore#t#,

river#, water%all#, rollin* "ill#, and 1 mo#t im+ortantl2 1 man2 +icture#que ba2# and cove#'


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Hi#tor2

• History: Name of Martinique

Martinique owes its name to Columbus who landed on theisland on 15 June 1502. The island was then alled!Jouanaa"ra#Matinino!$ whih ame from a mythialisland desribed by the Tainos of His%aniola. &utaordin' to historian (ydney )aney$ the island wasalled !Jouanaa"ra! by the Caribs$ whih would mean!the island of i'uanas!. *fter Columbus+ initial diso,ery$

the name then e,ol,ed alon' the %ronuniationsMadinina -!sland of /lowers!$ Madiana$ and Matinite.hen Columbus returned to the island in 1502$ herehristened the island as Martinia. t nally$ byin3uene of the nei'hbourin' island of )ominia -4a)ominique$ ame to be nown as Martinique.

1. Martinique was ori'inally inhabited by *rawas from(outh *meria. The ma6ority of those *rawas wereilled by an eru%tion of Mount 7elee in 285 *).

2. Near 900 *)$ the lon'#,anquished *rawas returnedto the island. *round 00 *)$ the annibalisti Caribs

ori'inally ame from northwestern (outh *meria-;rinoo < =ene>uela arri,ed. They e?terminated the*rawas and %ermanently settled on the island.


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@. Columbus harted the island in 198@. He landed onMartinique -near 4e Carbet in 1502 durin' his fourth,oya'e to the +New orld.+ Howe,er$ the (%anish

found little ,alue here$ and sailed south for 'reener%astures.

9. ;n 15 (e%tember 1@5$ 7ierre &elain d+Asnambu #/renh 'o,ernor of the island of (t. Bitts # landed inthe harbour of (t. 7ierre. The /renh sent a 'rou% ofone hundred settlers to Martinique after bein' dri,eno (t. Bitts by the An'lish. )+Asnambu laimedMartinique for /renh Bin' 4ouis D and the /renh!Com%a'nie des Eles de l+*mFrique! -Com%any of the*merian slands. They built their rst smallAuro%ean settlement at /ort (aint#7ierre -now (t.7ierre. ;,er the ne?t few deades they too ontrolof the island$ and destroyed many of the Caribs.

5. &etween 1@5 and 15G$ there was a %eriod of haosbetween the settlers and the nati,e Caribs. The/renh suessfully re%elled the nati,es and foredthem to retreat to the eastern %art of the island$ onthe Cara,ella 7eninsula in the Cabesterre. n 15

the /renh rown sent in 00 /renh troo%s in 15to om%letely eradiate the Caribs from the island.

The Caribs who sur,i,ed$ withdrew to the islands of(t. =inent and )ominia in 15G. The Caribs were


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onned to the windward >one -from Irand#i,iKreto le /ranLois.

. Irowin' and tradin' of su'ar beame the ma6orbusiness on the island$ and by order of Bin' 4ouisD=$ *frian sla,es were fored from their homelandsto wor the %lantations -in the /renh *ntilles assla,es in 1@. /orests were leared to mae roomfor su'ar %lantations. &etween the years 12 to1G9G the hei'ht of the %lantation eonomy andsla,ery. n 1G5$ Colberts &la CodeO wasestablished$ # a te?t of 0 artiles that oPially'o,erned the life of sla,es until 1G9G. The law limitedthe ri'hts of sla,e#holders$ ensured that freed blasheld the same ri'hts as other /renhmen in theislands$ and required that all sla,es be ba%tised asCatholis. The law also ordered the e?%ulsion of the

Jews from all the /renh Caribbean islands. These Jews then mo,ed to the )uth island of CuraLao.

. /or o,er one hundred and fty years$ sla,ery$ andsla,e re,olts$ would be a ma6or in3uene on theeonomy and %olitis of the Martinique. n 12$ theAn'lish ou%ied the island$ but returned it the

followin' year in e?han'e for Canada. They in,adedand held the island one a'ain from 189 to 1G15$when it was returned to the /renh.


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G. n 1G9G$ =itor (hoelher$ a /renh minister foro,erseas %ossessions$ on,ined the 'o,ernment tosi'n an Amani%ation 7rolamation endin' sla,ery in

the /renh est ndies. Howe,er$ indenturedlabourers from ndia were brou'ht to arri,e inMartinique to re%lae the bla sla,es.

8. &y 1GGG$ Martinique+s %o%ulation neared 15$000.May G$ 1802 the eru%tion of Mount 7elFe and thesubsequent destrution of the ity of (aint#7ierre$ thelittle 7aris of the CaribbeanO. n less than @ minutes$@0$000 %eo%le %erished in the disaster.

10. The world maret for su'ar be'an to olla%se in1821$ and island ulti,ators sou'ht a new ro%. n 182Gthey introdued bananas$ whih alon' with su'arane$

tourism$ and li'ht industry form the island+s eonomytoday. ;n Marh 18$ 189 Martinique aquired thestatus of a /renh o,erseas de%artment. Today$Martinique is re%resented by 9 members of %arliamentand 2 senators.

11. n 18G2$ Martinique aquired /renh re'ional statusfollowin' the deentrali>ation law. Today$ Martiniquehas a double statusQ it is both a re'ion and a /renhde%artment. The island+s beauty$ harm and historialsites ontinue to attrat ,isitors from around the world.


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3/' /ort#de#/rane$ fronted by lush$ 'reen mountains$surrounds a yaht lled harbours and is one of the

most striin'ly beautiful %orts in the Caribbean. 7ointdu &ont is the island+s main resort area$ oerin' a wideseletion of hotels$ alon' with asinos$ 'reat 'olf$sho%%in' and ni'ht life.

&la* o% Martinique

* 3a' of a ountry re%resents the harateristi of thenations an also its indi,iduality. t also bears somesymboli si'niane. The 3a' of the ountry is olouredin li'ht blue and white. The ba'round is blue and this

ba'round is di,ided into four small %arts by a ross thatis white. *ll these four blue quadrants feature a whitesnae se%arately. The snae is drawn in the entre ofeah blue setion. Aah of the snaes has a bla eye.

N.B. However this fag is not used or their ocialpurposes. Rather they use the fag o France or

ocial causes.


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4olitical i%e

• Io,ernment:

Martinique is one of the /renh ;,erseas )e%artments

-nown as a );M < )F%artement d+outre Mer and ano,erseas re'ion of /rane$ with the same 'o,ernmentinstitutions as areas on the /renh mainland. Theadministrati,e entre of Martinique is loated in /ort#de#/rane. *s an o,erseas dF%artement and rF'ion$Martinique is di,ided into four arrondissements andsubdi,ided into antons and ommunes$ eah of whih is

administered by an eleted munii%al ounil. Martiniqueis one of one hundred dF%artements -states of the/renh e%ubli and one of ,e o,erseas de%artments-);Ms. t sends four de%uties -re%resentati,es to theNational *ssembly in 7aris and in turn reei,es an


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a%%ointed %refet who ser,es as the entral'o,ernment+s loal e?euti,e.

There are also two loally eleted assemblies: the 'eneral

ounil with forty#,e members$ whih is res%onsible forroads$ housin'$ trans%ortation$ eduation$ o,erallinfrastruture$ and a re'ional ounil with forty#onemembers$ whih o,ersees eonomi$ soial$ sanitary$ultural and sienti de,elo%ment. The Ieneral Counilof Martinique is om%osed of 95 seats whose membersare eleted by %o%ular ,ote to ser,e si?#year terms$

whereas the e'ional Counil is om%osed of 91 seatswhose members are eleted by %o%ular ,ote to ser,e si?#year terms.

The /renh system of 6ustie is in fore. The le'al and

6udiial systems of Martinique are those of /rane$ as arethe %olie fore and 'endarmerie. The Court of *%%eal at/ort#de#/rane also has 6urisdition o,er /renh Iuiana.

There are two lower ourts -tribunau? dinstane$ onehi'her ourt -tribunal de 'rande instane$ oneadministrati,e ourt$ and a ommerial ourt.

The inhabitants of Martinique are /renh iti>ens with full%olitial and le'al ri'hts. Martinique elets two seats tothe /renh (enateQ indiret eletions were last held in(e%tember 2009. The Martiniquais 7ro'ressi,e 7arty wonone senator and one other left#win' andidate waseleted. *s %art of /rane$ Martinique is %art of the


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Auro%ean Rnion and that is why /renh in3uene ishea,ily %ere%tible in this ountry+s traditions.

5conomic Structure

• Aonomy:

;n e,oin' the eonomy of Martinique$ it is neessary totae into onsideration its olonial %ast$ essentiallyentered on a'riultural ati,ity. *'riulture is e?tremely

,isible in terms of worfore and e?%loited surfae$ aswell as of ty%ial %roduts of the re'ion -su'ar$ rum$banana$ yet aounts for only a 9S of the islands I)7-Iross )omesti 7rodut. The eonomy of Martiniquede%ends hi'hly on its a'riulture and also on some of the


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'rowin' industries. The %rimary a'riultural %roduts aresu'arane$ %inea%%les$ bananas$ 3owers$ and a,oados.(ome of the industries are rum industry$ tourism industry$

ement industry$ oil renin' industry$ onstrutionindustry$ su'ar industry and so on. * hu'e %ortion of theountry+s re,enue is earned by the e?%ort trade. (ome ofthe %rimary materials that are e?%orted to the forei'nstates are su'arane$ %inea%%les$ bananas and also rum.

The %artner states in,ol,ed in this e?%ort trade are/rane$ Iuadelou%e and some other states. Ma6orndustries inlude su'ar ane %roessin' and tourism.

1. *'riulture

The island hose to de,elo% a %lantation#style a'riulture$of whih the trio of su'arane$ banana and rum remains afundamental element to our days$ thou'h dereasin'

e?%orts from 2002 on ha,e been diretly lined to bananaand su'arane networsQ tain' into onsideration thee,er#han'in' maret.

2. &anana


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orldwide banana e?%ort re%resents a ,olume ofa%%ro?imately 15 million tons$ whih maes the bananathe ob,ious number one on the fruit maret. More than

120 ountries are onerned$ the ma6ority of whih arede,elo%in'.

@. (u'arane

t is referred to at the times as the 'rass of theCanariesO was introdued to the est ndies around the

year 195$ and ra%idly su%er,ened u%on tobao$ theleadin' ro% of the be'innin's of olonisation. ts end%rodut$ su'ar$ has beome a symbol losely onnetedto Martiniques history$ and the An'lish e,en referred tothis %art of the est ndies as /renh su'ar islandsO.um a%%eared later on$ and the im%ortane of su'aranedoubled$ as it was now the base of the %rodution of the

islands two ma6or e?%orts: su'ar and rum. The ulture ofdistilleries was in full bloom in the end of 1Gth entury.(u'arane is %resent all o,er the island today$ thou'h the%lant mostly a%%reiates ,ast %lains.

9. /ishin'

This setor onsists of a small#sale$ loal or'ani>ationQboth in the elds of shin' and retailin'.

5. ndustry


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ndustry has slowly found its %lae on the island from thebe'innin' of the 1880s.

. Tourism

The de,elo%ment of tourism in Martinique be'an thansto the o,erall eonomi situation of the 18G0s$ and theyear 2000 welomed not less than 500$000 tourists %eryear -a number relatin' to all ty%es of touristestablishment$ the most im%ortant of whih is the islandsruise shi% tourism. 4ooin' at 3ora and fauna also hel%sin the tourism industry. )ue to these tro%ial limateonditions in Martinique$ the island is lush with,e'etation: la,ish tro%ial forests$ 'ro,es$ sa,annas$ountless s%eies of trees$ fruits$ %lants and 3owers$ notto mention the man'ro,e forests.

ildlife onsists mainly of birds$ sh and shellsh$ as wellas small li>ards alled mabouyasO and anolisO$ i'uanas

and tri'onoe%halus snaes that are only found inMartinique. The maniouO$ a ty%e of o%ossum$ is one ofthe rare mammals to be found in the *ntilles. Themon'oose$ howe,er$ was introdued by humans toontrol the snae %o%ulation.

Tourism %lays a ,ital role in the re'ions eonomidynamism.

Culture 1 Martinique


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Martiniques loal ulture is di,erse and well de,elo%ed$so there is muh to e?%eriene and elebrate on theisland. The beautiful 4*trium %erformin' arts enter in

/ort#de#/rane oers theater$ dane and musial%erformanes on a 'rand sale. 4oal artists e?hibit in'alleries throu'hout the island and some o%en theirateliers -worsho%s to ,isitors.

More than a do>en museums$ eah with a distint%ersonality$ oer ,isitors a wonderful o%%ortunity toe?%lore Martinique+s history and herita'e. The museums

are small$ desi'ned for easy ,isitin'$ and are satteredthrou'hout the island. (ome are de,oted to famousislanders suh as the Am%ress JosF%hine -l+im%Fratrie$others to historial e,ents lie the eru%tion of Mont 7elFe,olano and still others to %rehistori Martinique$ theabolition of sla,ery$ the %rodution of rum$ et.

• /ood in )aily 4ife:


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Rntil su%ermarets and im%orted ommon uisine-inludin' stea#and#fries and fast food hains%roliferated$ daily Martinian uisine was harateri>ed

by a unique blend of /renh and Creole ooin'$ oftenlaed with %iment -hot %e%%er. ;%en air marets stillsu%%ly loally 'rown fruits -bananas$ oonuts$ 'ua,a$%inea%%les$ man'oes$ lo,e a%%les$ and %assion fruit and,e'etables -breadfruit$ hinese abba'e$ yams$ 'umbo$and manio. Muh Martinian uisine is %re%ared fromseafood and shellsh inludin' salted od$ lambi -onh$oto%us$ bla -boiled sh with hi,es and the nationaldish$ ourt#bouillon -sh in a s%iy tomato saue.Howe,er$ one#quarter of the a,era'e household foodbud'et is now s%ent on mostly im%orted meats and%oultry$ es%eially beef. estaurants ha,e yet to ulti,atethe same air of so%histiation and hos%itality as in/rane. Martinique has a hybrid uisine$ mi?in' elementsof *frian$ /renh$ Carib *merindian and (outh *siantraditions. ;ne of its most famous dishes is the ColomboQa unique urry of hien -urry hien$ meat or shwith ,e'etables$ s%ied with a distinti,e masala of Tamilori'ins$ s%ared with tamarind$ and often ontainin'wine$ oonut mil$ assa,a and rum. * stron' traditionof Martiniquan desserts and aes inor%orate %inea%%le$rum$ and a wide ran'e of loal in'redients. Irilled

(na%%er with (aue au Chien is the island+s national dish. The saue is made of hi,a$ %e%%ers$ onions$ tomatoes$%arsley$ and other s%ies$ and ser,ed alon'side the sh.


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• 4eo+le o% Martinique

Martinique i# trul2 a land o% tradition and culture, wit" a ric" "i#tor2 o%

cra%t# and literature b2 renowned aut"or# and %amou# +oet#, mu#ic and

dance, li%e#t2le and *a#tronom2' It# multi6et"nic +o+ulation #tem# %rom

t"e cultural mi7in* o% t"e i#land8# #ucce##ive in"abitant#9 merindian#,5uro+ean#, %rican#, Indian#, evantine# and #ian#'

++ro7imatel2 one quarter o% t"e +o+ulation re#ide# in t"e

admini#trative ca+ital, &ort de &rance' Numerou# reli*iou#

denomination# are +re#ent in Martinique' Martinique8# +o+ulation

number# mi*"t var29 03/,:.- (/.3/)' T"e total +o+ulation o% t"e

De+artment o% Martinique i# almo#t 030,-3;' T"e native %rican# and

t"e %rican6w"ite6Indian# cover t"e ma


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GS

S 1S

1S

0S

S

RELII!N "I#$RIB%$I!N

oman Catholi

7rotestantMuslim

&ahai

Hindu

;ther


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85S

5S 1S

Ethnicity o &artini'ue

*frian and *frian#white#ndian mi?ture

white

Aast ndian and Chinese

*rt$ Culture$ Musi and /ollore of Martinique:

• *rt: 7aintin' and sul%ture are two ,ery im%ortantsetions of Martinique art. n some re'ions of the

ountry dolls and ,arious handirafts are made.7eo%le mae these by seashells and sometimes withstraws. A?am%les of some 4andsa%e 7aintersinlude: =CT; *NCAT$ HA= &ARUA$ HANIR);N$ J;V4 U;&A4 and many others.

• Culture: Martinique has 'radually de,elo%ed a ,eryrih and di,erse ulture in the %resene of the,arious reli'ions$ tribes$ astes and raes. /renhin3uene is hea,ily seen in its ulture. Theatre$dane and musi are the three ,ery im%ortant


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as%ets of Martinique ulture. Carni,al is a ,ery bi'festi,al.

• Musi: Musi is a ,ery muh a%%reiated art form inMartinique. *mon' the ,arious forms of musi$ Uouis ,ery ommon in the ountry. Musi of this ountryis hi'hly in3uened by est ndian Creole traditions.

The instruments that are %rimarily used aresynthesi>ers$ di'ital sam%lers$ and drum mahineset.

• /ollore: There are reli'ious ultures of =oodoo$;beah and Myal whih ome from the *frianontinent and a%%eared es%eially in the /renhCaribbean territories suh as Martinique andIuadelou%e. This ha%%ened throu'h the sla,e tradewhih too %lae from the be'innin' of the1thentury to the mid 18th entury. *frian fol elementssuh as oral tradition$ lan'ua'es$ mystiism$ musiand soial life are e%t ali,e in the *frian )ias%ora.


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Conclu#ion

In conclu#ion to t"i# a##i*nment, our *rou+ "a# e7+anded t"eirnowled*e on t"e Caribbean' On readin* t"i# %older on

Martinique, I do "o+e 2ou learn #omet"in* %rom it'

T"an =ou


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>iblio*ra+"2

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Martinique 5t"nic *rou+# 1 Demo*ra+"ic#

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common#'wiimedia'or*

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R*ion Martinique

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www'martinique'or*

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www'ma+#o%world'com

Martinique local %ood @ cui#ine @ cooin* @ #+ecialitie#

5vent# in Martinique nnual event#, %e#tival and "olida2#'

http://www.muslimpopulation.com/pdf/Martinique%20Profile.pdfhttp://www.in-west-indies.com/martinique/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/367084/Martiniquehttp://www.martinique.org/http://www.worldatlas.com/http://www.mapsofworld.com/http://www.in-west-indies.com/martinique/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/367084/Martiniquehttp://www.martinique.org/http://www.worldatlas.com/http://www.mapsofworld.com/http://www.muslimpopulation.com/pdf/Martinique%20Profile.pdf


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Martinique daners in traditional dress.


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(t.7ierre# Martinique.


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*rt forms# dolls -made from straw


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Mr. (er'e 4ethimy:

7resident of re'ional Counil of Martinique


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Mr. 4aurent /abius:

Minister of /orei'n *airs of the e%ubli of /rane


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Mr. =itorin 4urel:

Minister of ;,erseas *airs Martinique

Documents

Martinique (2)