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Marine Provinces. Chapter 4. Bathymetry. Measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor . Sounding. Precision Depth recorder using sonar. Side scanning sonar. Simultaneous viewing of sea floor with a cross section of the sediments. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Marine Provinces
Chapter 4
Bathymetry
• Measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor
Sounding Precision Depth recorder using sonar
Side scanning sonar
• Simultaneous viewing of sea floor with a cross section of the sediments
Satellite measures sea surface using radar and correlates that to gravitational attraction of sea floor
Summary of Bathymetry Methods
1. Sounding (lead line)2. Sonar – single beam, multi-beam, side-scan3. Seismic reflection4. Satellite
Hypsographic Curve• cumulative height frequency curve for the Earth’s
surface or some part thereof. A hypsometric curve is essentially a graph that shows the proportion of land area that exists at various elevations by plotting relative area against relative
Mature Ocean Basin
• A= Rift, B= Continental margin, C= Ocean crust, D= Ocean Basin, E= Continental Crust
Submarine Canyons and Turbidity Currents
• video
A=Graded beddingB= Deep-Sea FansC= Turbidity CurrentD= Submarine Canyon
Abyssal Plain
A=continental shelf, B=abyssal plain, C=abyssal hill province, D=mid ocean ridge, E=continental slope, F=trench, G= C. Rise
G
Ocean Trench
Landward sides of ocean trenches form a volcanic arc (island arc or continental arc
Pull of subducting plate can make a back-arc spreading center
Ocean Trenches
Rift Valley Forms at diverging plates
Pillow Lava
videoYouTube - Mid Ocean Ridges, Volcanoes, and the Arctic
Hydrothermal Vents• Black Smoker at > 350⁰C• White smoker 30-350 ⁰C• Warm-water vent <30⁰C
video
• From magma (A) below, metal sulfides including lead, iron, nickel, copper, zinc and chromium spew out of black smokers (B) and precipitate out creating mineral deposits (C).
Transform boundary and fracture zones.