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Marine Provinces Chapter 4

Marine Provinces

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Marine Provinces. Chapter 4. Bathymetry. Measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor . Sounding. Precision Depth recorder using sonar. Side scanning sonar. Simultaneous viewing of sea floor with a cross section of the sediments. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Marine Provinces

Marine Provinces

Chapter 4

Page 2: Marine Provinces

Bathymetry

• Measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor

Page 3: Marine Provinces

Sounding Precision Depth recorder using sonar

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Side scanning sonar

• Simultaneous viewing of sea floor with a cross section of the sediments

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Satellite measures sea surface using radar and correlates that to gravitational attraction of sea floor

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Summary of Bathymetry Methods

1. Sounding (lead line)2. Sonar – single beam, multi-beam, side-scan3. Seismic reflection4. Satellite

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Hypsographic Curve• cumulative height frequency curve for the Earth’s

surface or some part thereof. A hypsometric curve is essentially a graph that shows the proportion of land area that exists at various elevations by plotting relative area against relative

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Mature Ocean Basin

• A= Rift, B= Continental margin, C= Ocean crust, D= Ocean Basin, E= Continental Crust

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Submarine Canyons and Turbidity Currents

• video

A=Graded beddingB= Deep-Sea FansC= Turbidity CurrentD= Submarine Canyon

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Abyssal Plain

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A=continental shelf, B=abyssal plain, C=abyssal hill province, D=mid ocean ridge, E=continental slope, F=trench, G= C. Rise

G

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Ocean Trench

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Landward sides of ocean trenches form a volcanic arc (island arc or continental arc

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Pull of subducting plate can make a back-arc spreading center

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Ocean Trenches

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Rift Valley Forms at diverging plates

Pillow Lava

videoYouTube - Mid Ocean Ridges, Volcanoes, and the Arctic

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Hydrothermal Vents• Black Smoker at > 350⁰C• White smoker 30-350 ⁰C• Warm-water vent <30⁰C

video

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• From magma (A) below, metal sulfides including lead, iron, nickel, copper, zinc and chromium spew out of black smokers (B) and precipitate out creating mineral deposits (C).

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Transform boundary and fracture zones.

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