Mapping & GeographyMapping & Geography““Writing the WorldWriting the World””

geo = world or earthgeo = world or earthgraph = to write or to chartgraph = to write or to chartPart I Basics of GeographyPart I Basics of Geography

Geography Basics Geography Basics I.N. pg. 17I.N. pg. 17

Geography: the study or charting of the Earth Continent: one of several large landmasses on earthwhich usually include: Asia, Africa, NorthAmerica, South America, Antarctica, Europe,and Australia4 oceans: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic Hemisphere: Any half of the earth

– The world has 4 hemispheres: Eastern, Western, Northern, Southern

Geography BasicsGeography Basics

Equator: is a latitude line that circles the Earth exactly halfway between the North + South Poles, or zero degreesPrime Meridian: Is a longitude line that runs through Greenwich, England, and is 0 degrees longitude.

• All longitude lines begin and end at the North

and South polescompass rose, a figure on a map used to display the cardinal directions

Outline each hemisphereOutline each hemisphere

Label the continents and oceans. Label the continents and oceans. Color each continent a different color Color each continent a different color

• Compass rose

5 Themes of Geography 5 Themes of Geography I.N. pg. 19-21I.N. pg. 19-21

MR. LIP

M = MovementR = RegionsL= LocationI= InteractionsP=Placehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=AIqC79WrpKg

MOVEMENT MOVEMENT People and ideas get around

1. Transportation (railroads, ships, planes)2. Communications (Twitter, telephones,

computers, TV)3. Mass Migration

Examples: Goods are shipped in large trucks across interstate highways, you write a letter to your grandma, the Dust Bowl or Great Migration

REGIONSREGIONS

What do locations have in common1. Political (Palestine, Middle East)2. Physical Features (climate zones, deserts)3. Cultural features (languages, religions)Examples: areas that receive very little rainfall

are deserts, N. + S. America are in the Western Hemisphere,

LOCATIONLOCATIONWhere it is. Two types of location: absolute and relative.•Absolute location can be found by using latitude and longitude to pinpoint a place’s absolute, or exact, location.•Relative location shows where a place is in relation to other places examples: Texas is south of Oklahoma, The city of Chandler is at 33 degrees N. Latitude,111 degrees W. longitude

INTERACTION INTERACTION (Human & Environment)(Human & Environment)

What do the people do to the environment?What does the environment do for the

people?1. How do people depend on their

environment (farming, fishing, mining)2. How do people adapt to their environment?

(igloos, irrigation, clothing)3. How do people change the environment?

(roads, canals, harbors)Examples: air conditioning in the desert

PLACEPLACEWhat is it like when you get there?1. Climate (humid, tropical)2. Physical features (mountains Mt. Everest,

rivers Nile River, vegetation.3. Man-made features (buildings, dams,

bridges) Hoover Dam4. Human characteristics (food, clothing,

language) Navajo Code Talkers

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIqC79WrpKg

5 themes rap 5 themes rap A. Location B. Place C. Movement

D. Region E. Interaction

1.____ Great Plains used to be a wide open area with no settlements or farms. Today towns and cities dot the Great Plains, and much of the land is used for farming

2. ____ Areas that receive very little rainfall are called deserts. 3._____ Texas is south of Oklahoma.4._____ Hawaii is made up of islands and it offers a variety of tourist attractions5. _____ Goods are shipped in large tractor-trailer trucks across interstate highways. 6. _____ Arizona is located in the Southwest and has many characteristics similar to

other states around it like Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. 7. _____ The country of Guam is at 13 degrees N. Latitude,145 degrees E. longitude8. ____ One way to communicate information is to write letters to our friendsAnd relatives. 9. ____ The building of new houses on areas that had always been forests frequently makes it difficult for animals to find homes10.____ Swiss Chalets and high mountains called the Alps are two of the ways we can identify the country of Switzerland

1. E 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. E10. B

Mapping & GeographyMapping & Geography““Writing the WorldWriting the World””• geo = world or earth

• graph = to write or to chart• Part 3

Mapping and Location

Globes and Maps Globes and Maps • A globe is a round,3-d model of the earth.

Most accurate-not practical• A map is 2-dimensional view of the world. It

is more detailed but is distorted (shapes change)

• Cartography or mapping is the study or practice of making maps.

• Cartographers or mapmakers are the people who do this

MAPP ING AND LOCATION I.N. pg 27

•flat maps are forced to exaggerate some sense of scale, or size

MercatorMercator’’s Projection s Projection Map Map (I.N. pg. 27)(I.N. pg. 27)

• Mercator projection (method of putting a map of the Earth onto a flat piece of paper)– still used by sailors– expands the area between

longitudes/poles– distorts size--Greenland looks bigger than

South America when it is only one eighth the size.

Sample mercator map Sample mercator map

RobinsonRobinson’’s Projection s Projection Map Map (I.N. pg. 27)(I.N. pg. 27)

• shows the size and shape of the land more accurately.

• Some Geographers think it is one of the best World map’s available

• Some distortions (in areas around the edges of the map).

• Sample Robinsons Map

Effects of Latitude Effects of Latitude (I.N. pg. (I.N. pg. 29)29)

• lines of latitude, are imaginary east-west circles around the globe.– also called parallels, because they are parallel to

one another running east and west

• low latitudes, or the tropics. – direct sunlight throughout the year– Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of

Capricorn are at 23.5 degrees N. and S. – divide the Earth into regions according to

the amount of sunlight they receive.

Low latitudesLow latitudes

High Latitudes High Latitudes (I.N. pg. 29)(I.N. pg. 29)

• high latitudes, or polar zones– no direct sunlight– far north of the Equator - Arctic

Circle. – Far south of the Equator lies the

Antarctic Circle

Middle Latitudes Middle Latitudes (I.N. pg. 29)(I.N. pg. 29)

• In between is called Middle Latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres, or temperate zones– seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter.– receive fairly direct sunlight and at other

times of year, they receive fairly indirect sunlight.

Longitudes Longitudes (I.N. pg. 29)(I.N. pg. 29)

• International Date Line (IDL) – north-south imaginary – passes through the middle of the Pacific– designates the place where each calendar

day begins. – roughly along 180° longitude, opposite the

Prime Meridian, (does divert to pass around some

territories and island groups). Lines of longitude (imaginary lines that circle the

globe from north to south) also called meridians

Parts of a Map Parts of a Map (I.N. pg. 31)(I.N. pg. 31)

• cardinal directions: north, south, east, and west

• scale - tells what a certain distance on the map stands for

• symbols are explained in the key, or legend.

• grid. uses lines to make rows and columns on a map Some maps use a grid of latitude and longitude lines

Types of Maps Types of Maps (I.N. pg. 31)(I.N. pg. 31)

• Political maps: No physical features. Includes state and national boundaries or countries boundaries.

• Road maps: show major—some minor highways—and roads, airports, railroad tracks, cities and other points of interest in an area.

• Topographic: includes shape and elevation of an area. steep or flat terrain.

Physical and Political Map of AZ Physical and Political Map of AZ