MANAGING THE PRIMARY ESL CLASSROOM TASK 1 PRESENTATION BUILDING THE FOUNDATION

MANAGING THE PRIMARY ESL CLASSROOM

TASK 1 PRESENTATION

BUILDING THE FOUNDATION(SKINNER, GLASSER, GORDON)PREPARED BY:NUR FAIQAHFATIN FATINILUIZA ANNFATIN NABILAH

Definition/description of Skinners theoryThe approaches/strategies of Skinners theoryThe strengths and weaknesses of Skinners theoryThe practicality of Skinners theory in local ESL classroom

DEFINITION OF THEORIESSkinners Behavioural Management Theory

Definition:The practice of providing consequences for both positive and negative behaviour.

Skinners ideas:

Systematic use of reinforcement can shape pupils' behaviour in desired directions.

Behaviour becomes weaker if not followed by reinforcement.

Behaviour is also weakened by punishment.

Behaviour Modification - Positive

Behaviour Modification - Negative

2. Glassers Choice TheoryStates that pupils must learn to control their own behaviour.

The teachers role is to guide the pupils in reflecting on their behaviours and exploring the reasons behind it.

Glassers conceptsPupils can choose to act the way they want to.

Good choices produce good behaviour. Bad choices produce bad behaviour.

Teachers must always try to help pupils make good choices.

No excuses for bad behaviour.

There is always consequences follow the behaviour.

Class rules are essential and they must be enforced.

3. Gordons Model of Self DisciplineStates that teachers use non-controlling influence, no-lose conflict resolution, and facilitative communication.

Facilitative communication includes active listening and I-messages that do not make pupils defensive.

Gordons key ideasI-messages: messages that tell another person how you feel about their behaviour.

You-messages: blaming statements.

The approaches/ strategies of Skinners Model

Reinforcers Types of reinforcers:

Social - verbal comments, gestures & facial expressions.Graphic reinforces- marks of various Activity - activities that pupils prefer to do .Tangible reinforces- real objects that pupils can earn as rewards.

The approaches/ strategies of Glassers Model

What teachers should doStress pupil responsibility

Establish rules that lead to success

Call for value judgement

Stress pupil responsibilityPupil responsibility for their own behaviour is always kept in the forefront.

Discussions in which this responsibility is explored & clarified occur in classroom meetings.

Establish rules that lead to success.Glasser considers class rules to be essential especially for pupils who have done poorly in school.

Rules should constantly be evaluated to see whether they are useful.

When no longer useful, they should be discarded or changed.

Call for value judgementWhen pupils exhibit inappropriate behaviour, teachers should have them make value judgements about it.

Glasser (1997) suggest the following procedures when a pupil is misbehaving:

iiPrivate conference between teacher and pupil

Teacher:What were you doing? Was it against the rules? What should you have been doing?

Student:(Agrees to proper course of behaviour)

Student misbehaving

Teacher:What are you doing? Is it against the rules? What should you be doing?

Student:(Responds negatively , unacceptable)

Teacher:I would like to talk with you privately

The approaches/ strategies of Gordons Model

Series of stepsThe first step is to use a graphic tool developed by Gordon called a Behaviour Window.

If the pupil owns the problem, the second step for the teacher is to engage is active listening.

If the teacher owns the problem, the second step of the resolution process begin with an I-Message.

The final step is the No-Lose Conflict Resolution.

Strength and weaknesses of Skinners Model of Shaping desired Behaviour

StrengthsPromote a high degree of autonomy and responsible for studentsThey help students see a wide range of possible consequences for their behaviourThey allow students t determine solutions to their own discipline problemsThey help students understand their need and how to satisfy these need rightfully.They delineate clearly what a teacher need to do for every misbehaving students.

WeaknessesIt is difficult for teachers to help students satisfy their need for control without feeling threatened themselvesIt is difficult to reach properly when communicating with students about their inappropriate behaviours.Classroom meetings may consume more time than is desirable It may be difficult to help students who do not want to be in school to make plans to improve their behaviourStudents may not have the necessary skills to make plans that will help improve their behaviour .

Strengths and weakness of Glassers Model of Choice Theory

Strengths promote a high degree of autonomy and responsibility for students. They help students see a wide range of possible consequences for their behaviour. They allow students to determine solutions to their own discipline problems. They help students understand their needs and how to satisfy these need legitimately. They delineate clearly what a teacher needs to do for every misbehaving student.

Weaknessesit is difficult for teachers to help students satisfy their need for control without feeling threatened themselves. It is difficult to react properly when communicating with students about their inappropriate behaviours. Classroom meetings may consume more time than is desirable. It may be difficult to help students who do not want to be in school to make plans to improve their behaviour.Students may not have the necessary skills to make plans that will help improve their behaviour

Strength and weaknesses of Gordons Model

StrengthIt promotes autonomy and self-regulation for students.It promotes good student-teacher relationships. It allows students to deal with personal problems and feelings. It helps teachers communicate their needs to students so that students can appreciate how their behaviour affects others. It helps students understand that teachers have needs and feelings just like they do.

WeaknessesTeachers may find some difficulty changing their role from directing and controlling students to actively listening. Teachers may have difficulty accepting value differences between themselves and their students. Transmitting I-messages instead of you-messages will be understandably difficult for teachers to master. A more comprehensive approach may be needed to help teachers avoid having to deal with the number of possible problems likely to surface

The Practicality of Skinners, Glassers and Gordons Theories in a local ESL Classroom

SKINNERS BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION THEORYZaki, in Miss Fazuras class is very passive. He never disrupts class and does little socializing with other pupils. However, despite Miss Fazuras best efforts, she can hardly get Zaki to participate in class activities. He rarely completes an assignment. He doesnt seem to care about anything.SITUATION

Catch Zaki doing anything that is appropriate. Reward him whenever he participates or works.

Praise Zaki whenever he participates.

Consider stronger reinforcers. If praise is ineffective, use points, tokens, or other tangible objects to reinforce and shape Zakis improvement.

GLASSERS MODEL OF CHOICE THEORYNajib calls out a lot in class, interrupts and is difficult to motivate.

SITUATION

Make sure Najib understands that he can choose his behaviour-to work or not not-and that his choice brings with it either desirable or undesirable consequences

Accept no excuses from Najib

Help Najib identify some alternative behaviours from which he can choose

Continually press Najib to make value judgements about his choice behaviour

Give consequences when Najib shows improvementNever give up on Najib

GORDONS MODELWhen Ahmad is late to class, the teacher needs to repeat the first instructions which wastes lots of classroom time and that makes the teacher annoyed.SITUATION

Approach the problem by asking the pupil neutral questions to gain information. Listen attentively to build trust and communication.

Ask Ahmad for suggestions on how to avoid coming late to school.

From the different ways that Ahmad has suggested, ask him to list down the strengths and weaknesses.

Ask Ahmad to choose the best way. Work on details on how the chosen way could be implemented.

After implementing the way that he decided, assess whether it works for him or not.