Management Information System Chapter 3 GTU MBA

7/31/2019 Management Information System Chapter 3 GTU MBA

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3 - 1Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Computer Hardware

Chapter

4


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1. Identify the major types and uses ofmicrocomputer, midrange, andmainframe computer systems.

2. Outline the major technologies and usesof computer peripherals for input, output,

and storage.

Learning Objectives


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Learning Objectives

3. Identify and give examples of thecomponents and functions of a computersystem.

4. Identify the computer systems andperipherals you would acquire or

recommend for a business of yourchoice, and explain the reasons for yourselections.


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What is a Computer?

Definition: All computers are systems of input,

processing, output, storage, and control

components.


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Types of Computer Systems


7/573 - 7Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Microcomputer Systems

Personal Computer (PC) microcomputerfor use by an individual

Professional Workstation a powerful,networked PC for business professionals

Laptop small, portable PC




Network Server more powerfulmicrocomputers that coordinatetelecommunications and resource sharing

in small local area networks and Internetand intranet websites

Computer Terminals depend on serversfor software, storage and processingpower Ex. Network terminals &Transaction Terminals




Network Computers low-cost, sealedmicrocomputers with no or minimal diskstorage that are linked to the network

They use only Internet & CorporateIntranet.

Information Appliances hand-heldmicrocomputer devices

Blackberry PDA & Apple iPhone.



PC Features



Midrange Systems

Definition: Primarily high-end network servers and

other types of servers that can handle the

large-scale processing of many businessapplications.



Mainframe Systems

Definition: Large, fast, and powerful computer

systems

Advanantages : MIPS, High Storagecapacity



Supercomputer Systems

Definition: Extremely powerful computer systems

specifically designed for scientific,

engineering, and business applicationsrequiring extremely high speeds formassive numeric computations

Facility: Mass Parallel computing,



Hardware Organized by System Functions

Input Devices convert data into electronicform for direct entry or through atelecommunications network into a

computer system

Processing Components primarily the

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU) - perform

arithmetic and logic functions required toexecute software instructions



Hardware Organized by System Functions

Output Devices convert electronic informationproduced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end users

Storage Devices store data and softwareinstructions needed for processing

Control Componentsprimarily the CPUs

Control Unit which interprets softwareinstructions and transmits directions that controlthe activities of the other components of thecomputer system



Computer Processing Speeds

Millisecond thousandth of a second

Microsecond millionth of a second

Nanosecond billionth of a second

Picosecond trillionth of a second



Computer Clock Speeds

MIPS million instructions per second

Megahertz (MHz) millions of cycles per

second

Gigahertz (GHz) billions of cycles per

second



Throughput

Definition: Ability of a microprocessor to perform usefulcomputation or data processing assignmentsduring a given period of time

Depends on:

Buses size of circuitry paths that interconnectmicroprocessor components

Registers that process instructions

Cache high-speed memory

Specialized Processors



Moores Law

10-18 Transistors in 2003Power is doubling per 18-24 moths

Price is reducing half per 18-24 months



Computer Peripherals

Definition: Generic name given to all input, output,

and secondary storage devices that are

part of a computer system, but are notpart of the CPU.


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Peripherals Advice


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Input Technologies

Keyboard Pointing Devices

Pen-Based Computing

Speech Recognition Systems Optical Scanning


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Pointing Devices

Touchpad Small rectangular touch-sensitive surface which moves the cursorin the direction of finger moves on thepad.

Touch Screen Video display screen that

emits a grid of infrared beams, soundwaves, or a slight electric current that isbroken when the screen is touched.


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Speech Recognition Systems

Discrete user must pause between eachspoken word

Continuous software can recognizeconversationally-paced speech


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Optical Scanning

Definition: Devices that read text or graphics and

convert them into digital input for your

computer


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Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

Definition: The machine identification of printed

characters through the use of light-

sensitive devices


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Other Input Technologies

Magnetic Stripe devices that read datastored in the magnetic stripe on the backof cards

Smart Cards devices that read amicroprocessor chip embedded in a card


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Output Technologies

Video Output

Printed Output

Voice Response


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Video Output

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) similar tovacuum tubes in television

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) electronicvisual displays that form characters byapplying an electrical charge to selectedsilicon crystals


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Storage Trade-Offs


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Binary Representation

Definition: Data are processed and stored in a

computer system through the presence or

absence of electronic or magnetic signalsin the computers circuitry or in the mediait uses


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Bit vs. Byte

Bit binary digit, which can have a valueof either zero or one

Byte basic grouping of bits that thecomputer operates as a single unit,typically eight bits


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Storage Capacities

Kilobyte (KB) one thousand bytes Megabytes (MB) one million bytes

Gigabytes (GB) one billion bytes

Terabytes (TB) one trillion bytes Petabytes (PB) one quadrillion bytes


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Binary Number System

Definition: Number system used by computers to

perform computations since it has only

two digits


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Binary Number System


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Direct vs. Sequential Access


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Semiconductor Memory

Characteristics: Small

Fast

Shock Resistant Temperature Resistant

Volatile contents of memory is lost when

power is interrupted Used for Primary Storage


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RAM vs. ROM

Random Access Memory (RAM) eachmemory position can be both sensed andchanged

Read Only Memory (ROM) can be readbut not erased or overwritten


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Firmware

Definition: Frequently used programs which are

permanently burned into ROM during

manufacture


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Magnetic Disks

Characteristics: Fast

Large

Reasonably Priced Used for Secondary Storage


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Types of Magnetic Disks

Floppy Disks single disk inside aprotective jacket

Hard Disk Drives several disks, accessarms and read/write heads in a sealedmodule

Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks(RAID) - disk arrays of interconnectedmicrocomputer hard disk drives

F i Di k


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Formatting Disks

H d Di k D i


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Hard Disk Drives

M i T


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Magnetic Tape

Definition: Read/write heads of magnetic tape drives

record data in the form of magnetized

spots on the iron oxide coating of theplastic tape

O ti l Di k


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Optical Disks

O ti l Di k


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Optical Disks


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S


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Summary

Major types of computers includemicrocomputers, midrange computers,mainframe computers andsupercomputers.

A computer is a system of informationprocessing components that performinput, processing, output, storage, andcontrol functions.


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Management Information System Chapter 3 GTU MBA