Making Inferences Using Pictures

Making Inferences Making Inferences Making Inferences Making Inferences Using PicturesUsing PicturesUsing PicturesUsing Pictures

Evidence + Schema = Inference

Evidence (what I see)

Schema (what I know)

Inference (what I figured out)

1

Making inferences from a reading selection is a challenging skill. Sometimes students are unable to decode words, or there are unfamiliar words that convey no immediate meaning. Students who struggle with text have difficulty getting a complete “picture” of what’s going on.

If struggling readers are also trying to learn and practice a new skill, such as making inferences, the whole process can seem overwhelming. One way to simplify instruction is to teach inferences using only picture clues. Pictures can be decoded more quickly and are accessible to all readers.

Once students understand how to find evidenceevidenceevidenceevidence, apply schemaschemaschemaschema, and

Making Inferences Using PicturesMaking Inferences Using PicturesMaking Inferences Using PicturesMaking Inferences Using Pictures

Once students understand how to find evidenceevidenceevidenceevidence, apply schemaschemaschemaschema, and make reasonable inferencesinferencesinferencesinferences, the skill can easily be transferred to written selections.

First, students need to be able to tell what information is directly observed in a picture or graph, or stated in the text. This evidence is the foundation for making inferences.

What’s

happening?Next, students must consider the evidence in relation to their own experience. The evidence might be that the sidewalk is wet. However, unless a student has seen a wet sidewalk after it rains, he or she not be able to make an accurate inference. Using one’s experience, or schema, to understand the evidence is the second step in making inferences

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Finally, students consider both the evidence and their personal schema to understand that the wet sidewalk suggests that it has recently rained. This leap of logic is called an inference.

Making Inferences Using Pictures (cont’d)Making Inferences Using Pictures (cont’d)Making Inferences Using Pictures (cont’d)Making Inferences Using Pictures (cont’d)

More simply stated, inferences are what we figure out based on evidence and personal experience, or schema.

Once students understand how to make inferences using pictures, they will be better able to make inferences using text. This skill is needed for all sorts of school assignments, including reading, science and social studies. Inferential thinking is a complex skill that will continue to develop with additional practice. additional practice.

Now, I get it!

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.7 Use information gained from

illustrations (e.g., maps, photographs) and the words in a

text to demonstrate understanding of the text (e.g.,

where, when, why, and how key events occur).

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.1 Refer to details and examples in a

text when explaining what the text says explicitly and

when drawing inferences from the text.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.7 Interpret information presented

visually, orally, or quantitatively (e.g., in charts, graphs,

diagrams, time lines, animations, or interactive elements

on Web pages) and explain how the information

contributes to an understanding of the text in which it

appears.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.5.1 Quote accurately from a text

when explaining what the text says explicitly and when

drawing inferences from the text.


Introductory Lesson Worksheets & Answer Keys (4)Introductory Lesson Worksheets & Answer Keys (4)Introductory Lesson Worksheets & Answer Keys (4)Introductory Lesson Worksheets & Answer Keys (4)These worksheets provide a step-by-step introduction to inferences.. Students learn how to make inferences, and practice the skill using three different pictures.

1. What is evidence?What is evidence?What is evidence?What is evidence?► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.

2. What is schema?What is schema?What is schema?What is schema?► Schema is what you already know about the

Inference Packet ContentsInference Packet ContentsInference Packet ContentsInference Packet Contents

► Schema is what you already know about the facts or evidence.

3. What is inference?What is inference?What is inference?What is inference?► An inference is a conclusion or opinion you form from considering evidence (facts) and schema (what you already know).

4. Evidence + Schema = InferenceEvidence + Schema = InferenceEvidence + Schema = InferenceEvidence + Schema = Inference► Students practice differentiating among evidence, schema, and inferences using pictures.

Inference Worksheet & Answer Key (1)Inference Worksheet & Answer Key (1)Inference Worksheet & Answer Key (1)Inference Worksheet & Answer Key (1)This worksheet provides practice identifying evidence, adding schema, and making inferences using pictures of five familiar items.


Inference Practice & Answer Key (3)Inference Practice & Answer Key (3)Inference Practice & Answer Key (3)Inference Practice & Answer Key (3)These worksheets each use the same picture to guide students through the steps needed for making inferences.

1. What is an inference?What is an inference?What is an inference?What is an inference?► Students identify five facts, or evidence, from the picture.

2. What do you know about the evidence?What do you know about the evidence?What do you know about the evidence?What do you know about the evidence?► Students tell what they know (schema) about the evidence they’ve collected.

3. What can I infer about what’s happening?What can I infer about what’s happening?What can I infer about what’s happening?What can I infer about what’s happening?

Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)

3. What can I infer about what’s happening?What can I infer about what’s happening?What can I infer about what’s happening?What can I infer about what’s happening?► Students make logical assumptions (inferences) based on the evidence and their schema.

Practice Making Inferences & Answer Key Practice Making Inferences & Answer Key Practice Making Inferences & Answer Key Practice Making Inferences & Answer Key (3)(3)(3)(3)These worksheets provide independent practice identifying evidence, adding schema, and making inferences. Each worksheet uses a different picture.

1. Practice Making Inferences 1Practice Making Inferences 1Practice Making Inferences 1Practice Making Inferences 1► Group of people paddling down a river.

2. Practice Making Inferences 2Practice Making Inferences 2Practice Making Inferences 2Practice Making Inferences 2► Horse-drawn touring carriage outside historical building

3. Practice Making Inferences 3Practice Making Inferences 3Practice Making Inferences 3Practice Making Inferences 3► Service dog holding an American flag in its mouth at a parade


Inference Skills Sheets & Answer Keys (3)Inference Skills Sheets & Answer Keys (3)Inference Skills Sheets & Answer Keys (3)Inference Skills Sheets & Answer Keys (3)These three worksheets give students practice independently identifying evidence, adding schema, and making inferences. Students have only one response area in which to logically explain the inferences they made including support of evidence and schema. Each worksheet uses a different picture.

1. Inference Skill Sheet 1Inference Skill Sheet 1Inference Skill Sheet 1Inference Skill Sheet 1► Illustration from The Wizard of Oz

2. Inference Skill Sheet 2Inference Skill Sheet 2Inference Skill Sheet 2Inference Skill Sheet 2► Photograph of a police car patrolling a flooded road

Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)

► Photograph of a police car patrolling a flooded road3. Inference Skill Sheet 3Inference Skill Sheet 3Inference Skill Sheet 3Inference Skill Sheet 3

► Illustration of a doctor reading a report to a patient

Inference Assessments & Answer Keys (2)Inference Assessments & Answer Keys (2)Inference Assessments & Answer Keys (2)Inference Assessments & Answer Keys (2)These assessments require students to study a photograph and then read a group of details to correctly identify which are evidence, schema, and inference.

1. Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1► Photograph of a woman knocking down all the bowling pins

2. Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1► Photograph of people taking part in a modern-day Medieval-themed activity


WHAT IS EVIDENCE?► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.

Directions: Look carefully at the picture below. Print an “E” in front of the

set of details that is “evidence.”

Name _________________________________________________________________________________

_____ 1. this is probably a baseball game; teammates cheer as a

baseball player is sliding into home and the catcher attempts

to catch the ball

_____ 2. there are five people playing a game; one is on the

ground and four have their arms in the air; the person trying

to catch the ball is wearing a uniform, cap, and special shoes

_____ 3. the outfits look like our Little League baseball

uniforms; the catcher is wearing a special mitt that’s usually

used when playing baseball; baseball players sometimes

slide in the dirt when they leap toward the home plate


WHAT IS EVIDENCE?► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.

Directions: Look carefully at the picture below. Print an “E” in front of the

set of details that is “evidence.”

Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key

_____ 1. this is probably a baseball game; teammates cheer as a

baseball player is sliding into home and the catcher attempts

to catch the ball (inference)

__E__ 2. there are five people playing a game; one is on the

ground and four have their arms in the air; the person trying

to catch the ball is wearing a uniform, cap, and special shoes

_____ 3. the outfits look like our Little League baseball

uniforms; the catcher is wearing a special mitt that’s usually

used when playing baseball; baseball players sometimes

slide in the dirt when they leap toward the home plate (schema)


WHAT IS SCHEMA?

► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.


Directions: Look carefully at each picture below. Print an “S” in front of the set of

details that is schema.

Name _________________________________________________________________________________

_____ 1. our dog has to wait in the car when we go someplace

public where they don’t allow animals; untrained dogs often try

to jump out of cars if the windows are left completely open

_____ 2. a dog is sitting in a parked car looking out the open window

on the driver’s side

_____ 3. a well-trained dog is waiting in a parked car while the driver

probably goes somewhere that the dog is not allowed to go


WHAT IS SCHEMA?



Directions: Look carefully at each picture below. Print an “S” in front of the set of

details that is schema.

Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key

__S__ 1. our dog has to wait in the car when we go someplace

public where they don’t allow animals; untrained dogs often try

to jump out of cars if the windows are left completely open

_____ 2. a dog is sitting in a parked car looking out the open window

on the driver’s side (evidence)

_____ 3. a well-trained dog is waiting in a parked car while the driver

probably goes somewhere that the dog is not allowed to go(inference)


WHAT IS AN INFERENCE?



► An inference is a conclusion or opinion you form from considering

evidence (facts) and schema (what you already know).

Directions: Look carefully at the picture below. Print an “I” in front of the set of

details that states inferences.

Name _________________________________________________________________________________

_____ 1. a man with a wide-brimmed hat and microphone is standing on a raised

platform; a woman’s arm is reaching toward the man; someone is holding up a

round, white cap; another person has something sewed on the left shoulder of his

shirt

_____ 2. a male, country singer is reaching out to touch a fan’s hand at a music concert

for men and women serving in the military

_____ 3. when one person is on a platform raised above everyone else in a room, it’s

usually a stage; when there are lots of people focused on someone standing on a

stage, that person is usually a performer of some sort; the man’s hat looks like the

kind of hat cowboys might wear; country singers sometimes wear cowboy hats:

some of the people watching the man are wearing clothing that looks like

uniforms I’ve seen people who are in the military wear







Directions: Look carefully at the picture below. Print an “I” in front of the set of

details that states inferences.

Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key

_____ 1. a man with a wide-brimmed hat and microphone is standing on a raised

platform; a woman’s arm is reaching toward the man; someone is holding up a

round, white cap; another person has something sewed on the left shoulder of his

shirt (evidence)

__I__ 2. a male, country singer is reaching out to touch a fan’s hand at a music concert

for men and women serving in the military

_____ 3. when one person is on a platform raised above everyone else in a room, it’s

usually a stage; when there are lots of people focused on someone standing on a

stage, that person is usually a performer of some sort; the man’s hat looks like the

kind of hat cowboys might wear; country singers sometimes wear cowboy hats:

some of the people watching the man are wearing clothing that looks like

uniforms I’ve seen people who are in the military wear (schema)




► Schema is what you know already about the facts or evidence.



Directions: Look carefully at each picture below. Print the correct letter in

front of each detail: E for evidence, S for schema, and I for inference.

_____ 1. this is probably a baseball game

_____ 2. the person trying to catch the ball is

wearing a uniform and cap

_____ 3. the outfits look like our Little League

baseball uniforms

Name _________________________________________________________________________________

_____ 4. untrained dogs often try to jump out of

cars if the windows are left completely open

_____ 5. a dog is sitting in a parked car is looking

out the open window on the driver’s side

_____ 6. a well-trained dog is waiting for its owner

in a parked car

_____ 7. a man with a wide-brimmed hat and

microphone is standing on a raised platform

_____ 8. a male, country singer is reaching out to

touch a fan’s hand at a concert

_____ 9. when one person is on a raised platform

facing an audience, they’re usually performing

on a stage




► Schema is what you know already about the facts or evidence.



Directions: Look carefully at each picture below. Print the correct letter in

front of each detail: E for evidence, S for schema, and I for inference.

__I__ 1. this is probably a baseball game

__E__ 2. the person trying to catch the ball is

wearing a uniform and cap

__S__ 3. the outfits look like our Little League

baseball uniforms

Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key

__S__ 4. untrained dogs often try to jump out of

cars if the windows are left completely open

__E__ 5. a dog is sitting in a parked car is looking

out the open window on the driver’s side

__I__ 6. a well-trained dog is waiting for its owner

in a parked car

__E__ 7. a man with a wide-brimmed hat and

microphone is standing on a raised platform

__I__ 8. a male, country singer is reaching out to

touch a fan’s hand at a concert

__S__ 9. when one person is on a raised platform

facing an audience, they’re usually performing

on a stage


What I See

(Evidence)

What I Know (Schema) Inference

1. speedometer 1. they measure how fast things go;

I’ve seen them in cars; the meter goes

up to 80 mph

1. the speedometer is

probably from a car or boat

2. uncooked,

broken egg

2. eggs are eaten without the shell and

the egg looks raw; most people break

2. this egg probably fell by

mistake

An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or

evidence. Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for clues, or bits of

information that seem important. Next, you think about everything you already

know about those clues. Finally, you use the facts you have and what you know

about those facts, to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.

Name ____________________________________________________________________________

INFERENCE

Directions: Look at the numbered pictures below. Fill in the chart with details about what

you see, what you know, and what you can infer. The first two have been done for you.

broken egg the egg looks raw; most people break

eggs over a bowl or pan

mistake

3. 3. 3.

4. 4. 4.

5. 5. 5.

1

2

3

4

5

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15

What I See

(Evidence)


1. speedometer 1. they measure how fast things go;

I’ve seen them in cars; the meter goes

up to 80 mph

1. the speedometer is

probably from a car or boat

2. uncooked,

broken egg

2. eggs are eaten without the shell and

the egg looks raw; most people break

2. this egg probably fell by

mistake






Name ____________________________________________________________________________

INFERENCE

Directions: Look at the numbered pictures below. Fill in the chart with details about what

you see, what you know, and what you can infer. The first two have been done for you.

Answer Key (answers will vary)

broken egg the egg looks raw; most people break

eggs over a bowl or pan

mistake

3. personwearing an

apron and puffy hat

while picking up a pot

3. cooks wear aprons and chef hats

like that; pots usually contain food like

soup or sauce

3. this person is probably a

chef who has cooked

something that is in the pot

4. blue car with smoke

coming from the front;

angry looking man

4. smoke from the engine usually means

something overheated; at times drivers

get angry when cars break down

4. the driver is angry that his

car is overheated or broken

down

5. small, blue box

with a heart and

chain inside

5. jewelry boxes can be small; the

necklace has a heart pendant, usually

girls wear heart jewelry; hearts = love

5. maybe this necklace is a

gift for a girl to show how

much the giver loves her

1

2

3

4

5

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16







Directions: Look carefully at the picture below. Write down specific details about things

you see (evidence) in the picture. Need more room? Write on the back of this paper.

Name _________________________________________________________________________________

1. ______________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________








Directions: Look carefully at the picture below. Write down specific details about things

you see (evidence) in the picture. Need more room? Write on the back of this paper.

Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key (answers will vary)

1. ______________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________

child with his chin resting on fists

person outside with an open umbrella

baseball on the floor by the child

rain falling outside

no socks on child’s feet


What do you know about the evidence?

After you list the specific things you see (evidence), you need to tell what

you know (schema) about the clues you’ve gathered.

Directions: Study the clues or evidence listed on the chart below. Next to each detail tell

what you know (schema). The first two details on the chart have been filled in as examples.

Name _________________________________________________________________________________

What I See (Evidence) What I Know (Schema)

1. child with his chin resting on fists 1. sitting like that usually means that

a person is upset, tired, or thinking

about something serious

2. person outside with an open

umbrella

2. people hold open umbrellas over

their heads to stay dry when it’s

raining

3. rain coming down outside 3.

4. baseball on the floor by the child 4.

5. paper on the floor by the baseball 5.

6. curtains hanging on the windows 6.

7. no socks on child’s feet 7.


What do you know about the evidence?

After you list the specific things you see (evidence), you need to tell what

you know (schema) about the clues you’ve gathered.

Directions: Study the clues or evidence listed on the chart below. Next to each detail tell

what you know (schema). The first two details on the chart have been filled in as examples.


What I See (Evidence) What I Know (Schema)

1. child with his chin resting on fists 1. sitting like that usually means that

a person is upset, tired, or thinking

about something serious

2. person outside with an open

umbrella

2. people hold open umbrellasover their

heads to stay dry when it’s raining

3. rain coming down outside 3. when it rainsthe ground gets wet

4. baseball on the floor by the child 4. people usually play with baseballs

outside, not inside

5. paper on the floor by the baseball 5. paper is used for art, writing notes,

and report cards

6. curtains hanging on the windows 6. curtainsare used inside to cover windows

7. no socks on child’s feet 7. sometimes people wear slippers without socks


What can I infer about what’s happening?

Finally, use evidence and schema to figure out (infer) what’s going on in the picture or text.

Directions: Using the specific things seen (evidence) and known (schema),

what inferences could be made? Two are filled in as examples.

What I See

(Evidence)


1. child with his

chin resting on

1. sitting like that usually means

that a person is upset, tired, or

1.

Name _________________________________________________________________________________

chin resting on

fists


thinking about something serious

2. person

outside with an

open umbrella

2. people hold open umbrellas

over their heads to stay dry when

it’s raining

2.

3. rain coming

down outside

3. when it rains the ground gets

wet

3. the child probably

can’t play baseball

because it’s raining

4. baseball on

the floor

4. people usually play with

baseballs outside, not inside

4.

5. paper on the

floor

5. paper is used for art, writing

notes, and report cards

5. maybe he was

drawing and got bored

6. curtains on

window

6. curtains are used inside to

cover windows

6.

7. no socks on

child’s feet

7. sometimes people wear

slippers without socks

7.


What can I infer about what’s happening?

Finally, use evidence and schema to figure out (infer) what’s going on in the picture or text.

Directions: Using the specific things seen (evidence) and known (schema),

what inferences could be made? Two are filled in as examples.

What I See

(Evidence)


1. child with his

chin resting on

1. sitting like that usually means


1. the child is sad


chin resting on

fists


thinking about something serious

2. person

outside with an

open umbrella

2. people hold open umbrellas

over their heads to stay dry when

it’s raining

2. it’s raining hard

outside

3. rain coming

down outside

3. when it rains the ground gets

wet

3. the child probably

can’t play baseball

because it’s raining

4. baseball on

the floor

4. people usually play with

baseballs outside, not inside

4. the child has the baseball

near hoping the rain will clear

5. paper on the

floor

5. paper is used for art, writing

notes, and report cards

5. maybe he/she was

drawing and got bored

6. curtains on

window

6. curtains are used inside to

cover windows

6. the curtainsare open because

the child was looking outside

7. no socks on

child’s feet

7. sometimes people wear

slippers without socks

7. the child plans to stay inside

so he/she is wearing slippers


Practice Making Inferences 1

An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence.

Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for clues, or bits of information that seem

important. Next, you think about everything you already know about those clues. Finally,

you use the facts you have and what you know about those facts, to figure out what’s going

on in the picture or text.

Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then write down what you see

(evidence), what you know (schema), and what you figured out about what’s going on

in the picture (inference).

Name _________________________________________________________________________________

What I See

(Evidence)

What I Know

(Schema)

Inference


Practice Making Inferences 1

An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence.









What I See

(Evidence)

an orange boat with a man and girl sitting in it; a second,

yellow boat in the distance; all the people are looking in

the direction the boats seem to be moving; paddles

with oars on both ends; water surrounded by trees; at

least three of the four people are wearing lifejackets

What I Know

(Schema)

the boats look like canoes; the water and trees

look more like a river than a lake or the ocean;

the girl isn’t paddling and she’s smiling, so

maybe this is a recreational activity

Inference

four people on vacation are paddling their

canoes along a river


Practice Making Inferences 2An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or


information that seem important. Next, you think about everything you already know

about those clues. Finally, you use the facts you have and what you know about those

facts, to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.




Name _________________________________________________________________________________

What I See

(Evidence)

What I Know

(Schema)

Inference


Practice Making Inferences 2An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or


information that seem important. Next, you think about everything you already know

about those clues. Finally, you use the facts you have and what you know about those

facts, to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.





What I See

(Evidence)

an open carriage with four old-fashioned wheels;

a white horse connected to the front of the

carriage; an old-fashioned, white building in the

background; a yellow car behind the carriage

What I Know

(Schema)

the building may be old, but the carriage must be new

because there is a car in the picture and cars were

manufactured long after carriages were the main mode

of transportation; this looks like a carriage that people

rent to take tours in historical or scenic locations

Inference

this old-fashioned, horse-drawn carriage is used

to take people on tours around an historical

location like Charleston or Atlanta


Practice Making Inferences 3An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence.








Name _________________________________________________________________________________

What I See

(Evidence)

What I Know

(Schema)

Inference


Practice Making Inferences 3An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence.









What I See

(Evidence)

a dog with an American flag in its mouth; a collar

around its neck and a strap across its chest; legs of

at least two people standing nearby; buildings and a

stoplight in the background

What I Know

(Schema)

It looks like a city along a busy road; dogs and

people don’t usually carry flags unless it’s a

special patriotic holiday; the straps look like

harnesses I’ve seen on service dogs who help

people with disabilities

Inference

the dog could be someone’s service dog who is with

its owner who is watching a downtown parade on

Veteran’s Day, the Fourth of July, or Memorial Day


Inference Skill Sheet 1

An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed using evidence and schema.

Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then tell what inference ,or inferences,

you can make. Give specific details about the evidence and schema you used to make

each inference.

Name _________________________________________________________________________________







each inference.



This looks like an illustration from the book ,The Wizard of Oz. I

think this because that book was written a long time ago, and the

picture looks kind of old-fashioned. Also, I think the characters are

the same as the ones in the movie, The Wizard of Oz, that I

watched with my family. I see the Tin Man, the Scarecrow, the

Cowardly Lion, the dog, Toto, and Dorothy carrying a basket. Also, I

notice there is a brick road just like from the song, “Follow the

Yellow Brick Road.”






each inference.

Name _________________________________________________________________________________







each inference.



I think the road is flooded and the police have come to investigate. I think this

because the water seems to be covering one whole lane, and then crosses

over the middle line into the left lane, too. It’s not raining in the picture, so

it’s unlikely that the road is just wet from rain. Also, roads are usually not

covered with large amounts of standing water, so it seems like a river or lake

nearby may have overflowed. I can tell it’s a police car because there is a

shield on the right, passenger door, and there’s a dark bank going from the

front to the back of the car. This car looks like police cruisers in our

community.






each inference.

Name _________________________________________________________________________________







each inference.



I think a doctor is giving some information to a patient. I think this because

there is a desk between the men, and the framed pictures on the walls look

like they have seals and signatures. My mom’s college diploma looks like

that. Our doctor has her diplomas hanging on the wall behind her desk, so

that’s what made me think the man with the paper was a doctor. Also, the

man behind the desk has a round thing the hangs below his collar. That

looks like it might be a stethoscope. Stethoscopes are used by doctors to

listen to patient’s hearts. I think the paper might be a medical report. I

think this because both men look serious, not like they’re talking casually or

having fun.


Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1

An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known

facts or evidence. Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for

clues, or bits of information that seem important. Next, you think about

everything you already know about those clues. Finally, you use the facts

you have to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.

Directions: Look carefully at the picture. Study each statement and decide whether it’s

evidence (what you see), schema (what you know), or inference (what you figure out

using evidence and schema). Print E for evidence, S for schema, and I for Inference.

Name _________________________________________________________________________________

___ 1. a person jumping

___ 2. bowling alleys have

bowling pins and bowling lanes

___ 3. countries usually only

display their own flagdisplay their own flag

___ 4. an Australian flag

___ 5. bowling lanes

___ 6. this is probably a bowling

alley

___ 7. countries usually only

display their own flag

___ 8. bowling pins painted on

the wall

___ 9. bowling alleys have bowling pins and bowling lanes

___ 10. this bowling alley is probably in Australia

___ 11. my dad jumps and hollers when he knocks over a lot of

bowling pins

___ 12. this person is jumping for joy because he or she probably

knocked down a lot, or all of the pins

___ 13. person’s arms are flung out above his or her head


Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1

An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known








Name _________________________________________________________________________________

_E_ 1. a person jumping

_S_ 2. bowling alleys have

bowling pins and bowling lanes

_S_ 3. countries usually only


_E_ 4. an Australian flag

Answer Key

_E_ 4. an Australian flag

_E_ 5. bowling lanes

_I_ 6. this is probably a bowling

alley

_S_ 7. countries usually only


_E_ 8. bowling pins painted on

the wall

_S_ 9. bowling alleys have bowling pins and bowling lanes

_I_ 10. this bowling alley is probably in Australia

_S_ 11. my dad jumps and hollers when he knocks over a lot of

bowling pins

_I_ 12. this person is jumping for joy because he or she probably

knocked down a lot, or all of the pins

_E_ 13. person’s arms are flung out above his or her head


Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 2An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known








Name _________________________________________________________________________________

___ 1. people riding horses

___ 2. historical people and cars don’t seem like they belong together

___ 3. the riders’ outfits are old-fashioned, but the cars are modern

___ 4. jousting poles and metal helmets

___ 5. trailers and cars are parked behind the horses and people

___ 6. the people are probably modern-day people in costume

___ 7. in Medieval times, people jousted with poles and wore helmets

___ 8. old-fashioned, design is sewn on the horse’s decorated blanket

___ 9. cars and campers can only exist in current times

___ 10. the people on horses are probably pretending to joust

___ 11. people sometimes dress in costumes to put on shows

___ 12. the riders are probably performing for an audience or competing in

a modern-day Medieval-themed contest of some sort

___ 13. there is a modern-looking gate between the horses and cars


Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 2An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known








Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key

_E_ 1. people riding horses

_S_ 2. historical people and cars don’t seem like they belong together

_E_ 3. the riders’ outfits are old-fashioned, but the cars are modern

_E_ 4. jousting poles and metal helmets

_E_ 5. trailers and cars are parked behind the horses and people

_I_ 6. the people are probably modern-day people in costume

_S_ 7. in Medieval times, people jousted with poles and wore helmets

_E_ 8. old-fashioned, design is sewn on the horse’s decorated blanket

_S_ 9. cars and campers can only exist in current times

_ I _ 10. the people on horses are probably pretending to joust

_S_ 11. people sometimes dress in costumes to put on shows

_ I _ 12. the riders are probably performing for an audience or competing in

a modern-day Medieval-themed contest of some sort

_E_ 13. there is a modern-looking gate between the horses and cars


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Making Inferences Using Pictures