MAKALAH ASKEP PARKINSON

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btbu iedjru ncpbijd ybdf bhbd ieiperobjhj treicr, rjfjnjtbs, nbd sacwdess.

\erbwbtbd pbnb pednerjtb pedybhjt pbrhjdscd oertukubd udtuh

ieiperabiobt nbd iedf`biobt perheiobdfbd nbrj pedybhjt jtu. \erbwbtbd jdj

nbpbt njabhuhbd nedfbd peioerjbd cobt nbd terbpj mjsjh sepertj terbpj oerkbabd,

terbpj subrb:oeroj#brb nbd pbsjed nj`brbphbd tetbp ieabhuhbd hefjbtbd se`brj-

`brj.

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aevcncpb udtuh ieipeabd#br mauhtbsj hajdjs.



2

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n7 d`jojtcr >G udtuh iedf`biobt peie#b`bd ncpbijde

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oedbr njper`btjhbd, hbredb hehbhubd ctct ojsb iedyeobohbd pednerjtb

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5 \e(#()''#( W=#%#-

Lbdfhch sea stei se#brb fedetjh udtuh ieiprcnuhsj ncpbijde btbu sea

sjstei ybdf oeruob` iedkbnj sea ieiprcnuhsj ncpbijde teab` iuabj

njabhuhbd.



29

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peierjhsbbd njbfdcstjh, nbd pedfhbkjbd psjhcscsjba.

2 B(#(ess

nedtjtbs hajed ieajputj dbib, uiur aeoj` serjdf pbnb heacipch usjb

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njnerjtbdyb, peruob`bd nbabi heaubrfb nbd ibsybrbhbt, nbd respcd btbu

pedfbru`dyb nbabi he`jnupbd se`brj-`brjdyb objh nbabi heaubrfb btbupud

nbabi ibsybrbhbt.

pbhb` hajed iedfbabij nbipbh ybdf tjioua bhjobt pedybhjt sepertj

hetbhutbd bhbd he#b#btbd, rbsb #eibs, rbsb hetjnbhibipubd udtuh ieabhuhbd

bhtjvjtbs se#brb cptjiba, nbd pbdnbdfbd ter`bnbp njrjdyb ybdf sbab`

fbdffubd #jtrb tuou`7.

nbdyb peruob`bd ùoudfbd nbd perbd njseobohbd cae` hbredb hajed

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2

persepsj nbd hcdsep njrj ybdf njteiuhbd bnbab` hajed ierbsb tjnbh oernbyb,

tjnbh bnb `brbpbd, iunb` ibrb` nbd tjnbh hccperbtjm.

\eruob`bd ybdf terpedtjdf pbnb hajed nedfbd pedybhjt \brhjdscd bnbab`

tbdnb nepresj. >bdjmestbsj iedtba iud#ua nbabi oedtuh pedurudbd hcfdjtjm,

persepsj nbd pedurudbd ieicrj jdfbtbd7. 6eoerbpb ibdjmestbsj psjhjbtrjh

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b) O2 (Orebt`jdf)

1bdffubd mudfsj perdbpbsbd ybdf terkbnj oerhbjtbd nedfbd

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pbru.

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o) O (Oaccn)

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treicr se#brb uiui pbnb seauru` ctct nbd hbhu pbnb seauru`

ferbhbd.



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ieicrj kbdfhb pbdkbdf.

\eierjhsbbd sbrbm hrbdjba

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njteiuhbd heabjdbd nbd mudfsj ped#juibd tjnbh bnb

heabjdbd.

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nedfbd pedybhjt \brhjdscd iedfbabij pedurudbd

hetbkbibd pedfaj`btbd.

jjj. &brbm , E, nbd E. 1bdffubd sbrbm chuacictcrjus ?

sewbhtu ieabhuhbd hcdverfedsj pedfaj btbd iedkbnj

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ctct- ctct ocab ibtb.



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hajed iedfbabij pedurudbd , sbbt oj#brb wbkb` sepertj

tcpedf serjdf iedfenjphbd ibtb7.

v. &brbm E. \ersepsj pedfe#bpbd nbabi obtbs dcriba.

vj. &brbm E. nbdyb tuaj hcdnuhtjm nbd tuaj persepsj ybdf

oerùoudfbd nedfbd prcses sedjajs nbd pedurudbd bajrbd

nbrb` refjcdba.

vjj. &brbm 3 nbd 3. +jteiuhbd hesuajtbd iedeabd nbabi

iedeabd ibhbdbd.

vjjj. &brbm 3. ^jnbh bnb btrcmj ctct sterdchaejncibstcjneus

nbd trbpe8jus.

jN. &brbm 3. ;jnb` sjietrjs, tjnbh njteiuhbd nevjbsj pbnb

sbtu sjsj nbd tjnbh bnb mbsjhuabsj. dnrb pedfe#bpbd

dcriba.

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b7 dspehsj uiui, njteiuhbd peruob`bd pbnb fbyb

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pbnb seauru` ferbhbd. 5ajed serjdf iedfbabij rjfjnjtbs

nesereorbsj.



o7 ^cdus ctct njteiuhbd iedjdfhbt.

#7 5esejiobdfbd nbd hccrnjdbsj, njteiuhbd iedfbabij

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peruob`bd pbnb fbyb oerkbabd, treicr se#brb uiui pbnb

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m) O% ( Ocde)

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ctct wbkb`.

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njsmudfsj hbredb perheiobdfbd pedybhjt.

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udtuh ieiobdtu ped#efb bd mrustbsjnbd heaeab`bd.

êhdjh oerkbabd hùsus nbpbt kufb njpeabkbrjudtuh iedfjiobdfj fbyb oerkbabd iedyeretnbd he#ednerudfbd tuou` #cdncdf henepbd.

dkurhbd ibdnj bdfbt nbd ibsbse ctct. ibdnj `bdfbt nbd ibsbse ieiobdtu ctct-ctct rjaehs sbbt ieabhuhbd bhtjvjtbs pbsjm nbdbhtjm nbd iedfurbdfj dyerj ctct bhjobtspbsie ybdf iedfbhjobthbd hehbhubd.

6bdtu hajed ieabhuhbd abtj`bd /G>, perbwbtbdnjrj, sesubj tcaerbdsj.

0dtuh ieieaj`brb maehsjojajtbs sednj sesubjheibipubd.

5cabocrbsj nedfbd bàj mjsjcterbpj udtuh abtj`bdmjsjh hajed.

\edjdfhbtbd heibipubd nbabi icojajsbsjehstreijtbs nbpbt njtjdfhbthbd nedfbd



*

abtj`bd mjsjh cae` tji mjsjcterbpjs.

Ne-s$ pe%#6#$#( 8% =#() e%0**()#( 8e()#( 'e&e#0#( (e*%*s'*&#%, e(*%*((=#

'e'*#$#(, 'e0&#()#( '($%& $$"'%8(#s.

ûkubd ? +babi wbhtu N $ kbi, perbwbtbd njrj hajed terpedu`j.

5rjterjb =bsja ? 5ajed nbpbt iedudkuhhbd peruob`bd fbyb `jnup udtuh ieiedu`j heoutu`bdierbwbt njrj, hajed ibipu ieabhuhbd bhtjvjtbs perbwbtbd njrj sesubj nedfbd tjdfhbtheibipubddyb, iedfjnedtjmjhbsj perscdba:ibsybrbhbt nbpbt ybdf ieiobdtu.

J($e%1e(s _#s(#&s#s

>bdnjrj

5bkj heibipubd nbd tjdfhbt pedurudbd nbabi shbab

<-$ udtuh ieabhuhbd +;.

>eiobdtu nbabi iedfbdtjsjpbsj nbd

iered#bdbhbd perteiubd heoutu`bdjdnjvjnuba.

=jdnbrj bpb ybdf tjnbh nbpbt njabhuhbd hajed nbd

obdtu ojab perau.

>edf`jdnbrj hajed nbrj hebnbbd #eibs

nbd heterfbdtudfbd udtuh ied#efb`mrustbsj nbd brfb njrj hajed rednb`.

kbrhbd nbd nuhudf hajed seabib bhtjvjtbs. +uhudfbd pbnb hajed seabib bhtjvjtbshe`jnupbd se`brj-`brj nbpbtiedjdfhbthbd perbwbtbd njrj.

/ed#bdbhbd tjdnbhbd udtuh iedfbtbsj heterobtbsbd pedfaj`btbd sepertj teipbthbd ibhbdbd nbd perbabtbdnbabi subtu teipbt, nehbthbd teipbt tjnur henjdnjdf.

5ajed bhbd ibipu ieaj`bt nbdieibhbd ibhbdbd, bhbd ibipuieaj bt heaubr ibsuhdyb crbdfherubdfbd.

>cnjmjhbsj ajdfhudfbd. >cnjmjhbsj ajdfhudfbd njperauhbd udtuh iedfcipedsbsj hetjnbhibipubdmudfsj.

1udbhbd pbfbr njseheajajdf teipbt tjnur. 1udbhbd pbfbr njseheajajdf teipbt tjnur objh teipbt tjnur nj ruib` sbhjt nbdnjruib`, btbu seoub` tbaj ybdf njjhbthbd

pbnb hbhj teipbt tjnur udtuh ieioerj obdtubd nbabi iedncrcdf njrj udtuh obdfud tbdpb obdtubd crbdf abjd.

5bkj heibipubd hciudjhbsj udtuh oubdf bjr he#ja,heibipubd iedffudbhbd urjdba, pjspct. dtbrhbdhehbibr ibdnj ojab hcdnjsj ieiudfhjdhbd.

5etjnbhibipubd hciudjhbsj nedfbd perbwbt nbpbt iedjiouahbd ibsbab` pedfcscdfbd hbdnudf heij` cae`hbredb ibsbab` deurcfedjh.

5cabocrbsj

\eioerjbd supcsjtcrjb nbd peauibs meses:ped#b`br. \ertcacdfbd utbib ter`bnbp mudfsj ocwea btbu oubdf bjr oesbr.

5cdsuatbsj henchter terbpj chupbsj. 0dtuh iedfeiobdfhbd terbpj nbd



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ieaedfhbpj heoutu`bd hùsus.

F#())*#( e&(#s #&1 9'(s$p#s =#() e%0**()#( 8e()#( e8'#s 8#( pe(*%*(#(

#'$1$#s.

ûkubd ? +babi wbhtu N $ kbi, heoutu`bd eajijdbsj bavj terpedu`j.

5rjterjb =bsja ? 5ajed nbpbt nemehbsj se#brb spcdtbd nbd abd#br tbdpb iedffudbhbd cobt,

hcdsjstedsj meses aeioeh, tjnbh terbob ibssb pbnb hcacd, ojsjdf usus dcriba 2-(<N:idt7.

J($e%1e(s _#s(#&s#s

>cdjtcr bnbdyb hcdstjpbsj. 5ajed \brhjdscd ieipudybj ibsbab`

hcdstjpbsj oerbt. 4bhtcr-mbhtcr ybdf

iedyeobohbd hcdnjsj jdj bnbab`

ieaeib`dyb ctct-ctct ybdf njfudbhbd

nbabi nemehbsj, hurbdfdyb abtj`bd, tjnbh

bnehubtdyb bsupbd #bjrbd, nbd

pedurudbd bhtjvjtbs sjstei sbrbm ctcdci

nbd cobt-cobtbd njfudbhbd udtuh

iedfcobtj pedybhjt, kufb iedf`biobt

sehresj dcriba usus.

6erjhbd pedkeabsbd pbnb hajed nbd heaubrfb pedyeobo

hcdstjpbsj.

5ajed nbd heaubrfb bhbd iedfertj

tedtbdf pedyeobo costjpbsj.

>cnjmjhbsj nemehbsj ybdf terbtur. dkurhbd pbnb hajed

udtuh ibhbd ibhbdbd ybdf iedfbdnudf serbt.

+emehbsj ybdf terbtur nbd rutjd nbpbt

ieiobdfud seibdfbt hajed udtuh

iedfjhutj pcab ybdf terbtur, sbnbr udtuh

iedjdfhbthbd bsupbd #bjrbd nbd ibhbd

ibhbdbd serbt. +jet sejiobdf tjdffj

hbdnudfbd serbt ierbdfsbdf perjstbatjh

nbd eajijdbsj refuaer.

tur pcsjsj nunuh tcjaet. +unuhbd tcjaet njtjdffjhbd udtuh

ieiunb`hbd bhtjvjtbs tcjaetjdf hbredb

hajed suajt oerferbh nbrj pcsjsj oernjrj he

pcsjsj nunuh.

6jab hajed ibipu ijdui, oerjhbd bsupbd #bjrbd ybdf

#uhup ajter:`brj7 kjhb tjnbh bnb hcdtrbjdnjhbsj.

supbd #bjrbd bnehubt ieiobdtu

ieipertb`bdhbd hcdsjstedsj meses ybdf

sesubj pbnb usus nbd ieiobdtu

eajijdbsj refuaer.

5cabocrbsj nedfbd tji nchter nbabi peioerjbd

peaudbh meses abhsbtjm, supcsjtcrjb, edeib7.

\eaudbh meses iedjdfhbthbd emjsjedsj

peiobsb`bd bjr pbnb usus, ybdf

iuaudbhhbd ibssb meses nbd ieiobdtu



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eajijdbsj.

\e%*#0#( (*$%s ; '*%#() 8#% 'e*$*0#( $**0 =#() e%0**()#( 8e()#( $%e%,

pe&##$#( 8#&# p%ses #'#(, 'es*&$#( e()*=#0 8#( e(e&#(.

ûkubd ? +babi wbhtu ( N $ kbi heoutu`bd dutrjsj hajed terpedu`j.

5rjterjb =bsja ? >edfertj tedtbdf pedtjdfdyb dutrjsj obfj tuou`, ieiperaj`bthbd hedbjhbd oerbt obnbd sesubj nedfbd `bsja peierjhsbbd abocrbtcrjui.

J($e%1e(s _#s(#&s#s

'vbaubsj heibipubd ibhbd hajed. 5ajed iedfbabij hesuajtbd nbabi

ieipertb bdhbd oerbt obnbd ierehb.>uaut ierehb herjdf bhjobt cobt-cobtbdnbd iedfbabij hesuajtbd iedfudyb`nbd iedeabd.

Goservbsj:tjiobdf oerbt obnbd kjhb ieiudfhjdhbd. ^bdnb he`jabdfbd oerbt obnbd 9-2<"7nbd hehurbdfbd bsupbd dutrjsjiedudkbdf terkbnjdyb ibsbab`hbtbocajsie, hbdnudfbd fajhcfed nbabi

ctct, nbd hepehbbd ter`bnbp peibsbdfbd vedtjabtcr.

>bdbkeied ied#bpbj heibipubd iedeabd.

2. 1bdffubd iedeabd njseobohbd cae` treicr

pbnb ajnb`, rbfu-rbfu nbabi ieiuabjiedeabd, hesuajtbd nbabi ieioedtuh ibhbdbd nbabi oedtuh ocaus.

. >bhbdbd setedfb` pbnbt nedfbd senjhjt bjr ieiunb`hbd udtuh iedeabd.

(. 5ajed njbdkurhbd udtuh iedeabd se#brb

oerurutbd.$. 5ajed njbkbrhbd udtuh ieaetbhhbd ibhbdbd

njbtbs ajnb`, iedutup ojojr nbd fjfj, nbdiedeabd.

. 5ajed njbdkurhbd udtuh iedfudyb` pertbib

hbaj pbnb sbtu sjsj iuaut nbd heiunjbd hesjsjabjd.

%. 0dtuh iedfcdtrca bjr ajur, hajed njbdkurhbdudtuh iedb`bd hepbab tetbp tefbh nbdieioubt hebnbbd sbnbr udtuh iedeabd.

9. >bsbse ctct wbkb` nbd ae er seoeaui ibhbd

nbpbt ieiobdtu.). 6erjhbd ibhbdbd he#ja nbd audbh.

>edjdfhbthbd heibipubd hajed nbabi

iedeabd nbd nbpbt ieiobdtu peiedu`bd dutrjsj hajed ieabauj crba.

ûkubd abjd bnbab` ied#efb` terkbnjdybheaeab`b, ieiunb`hbd ibsuhdybibhbdbd, nbd ied#efb` fbdffubd pbnbabioudf.

>cdjtcr peibhbjbd babt obdtu. \eibhbjbd eaehtrjh njfudbhbd udtuh

iedkbfb ibhbdbd tetbp `bdfbt nbdhajed njj8jdhbd udtuh jstjrb`bt seabibwbhtu ybdf njtetbphbd udtuh ibhbd,

babt-babt hùsus kufb ieiobdtu ibhbd.



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\edffudbbd pjrjdf ybdf stboja, #bdfhjr ybdf tjnbh pe#b` pe#b` ojab kbtu`, nbd

babt-babt ibhbd ybdf nbpbt njfedffbisednjrj njfudbhbd seobfbj babt obdtu.

5bkj mudfsj sjstei fbstrcjdtestjdba ieajputj subrb ojsjdf usus, #btbt terkbnjdyb peruob`bd njnbabiabioudf sepertj iuba, iudtb`. Goservbsj peruob`bd perferbhbd usus ijsbadyb njbre, hcdstjpbsj.

4udfsj sjstei fbstrcjdtestjdba sbdfbt pedtjdf udtuh bsupbd ibhbdbd.Eedtjabtcr nbpbt iedyeobohbd heioudf pbnb abioudf nbd pernbrb`bd abioudf.

dkurhbd peioerjbd #bjrbd << ##:`brj seabib tjnbh terkbnj fbdffubd kbdtudf.

>ed#efb` terkbnjdyb ne`jnrbsj bhjobt pedffudbbd vedtjabtcr seabib hajed

tjnbh sbnbr nbd ied#efb` terkbnjdybhcdstjpbsj.

;bhuhbd peierjhsbbd abocrbtcrjui ybdf

njjdnjhbsjhbd, sepertj serui, trbdsmerjd,60D:hrebtjdjd, nbd fauhcsb.

>eioerjhbd jdmcribsj ybdf tepbt

tedtbdf hebnbbd dutrjsj ybdf njoutu`hbdhajed.

@##$#( '*('#s 1e%#& =#() e%0**()#( 8e()#( pe(*%*(#( 1&*e #%#,

pe&##$#( #%#, 'e$8#'#p*#( e())e%#'#( $$$$ 6#+#0.

ûkubd ? +babi wbhtu N $ hajed ibipu ieioubt tehdjh:ietcne hciudjhbsj ybdf nbpbtnjiedfertj sesubj heoutu`bd nbd iedjdfhbthbd heibipubd oerhciudjhbsj.

5rjterjb =bsja ? hajed nbpbt oerhciudjhbsj nedfbd suioer ybdf bnb.

J($e%1e(s _#s(#&s#s

5bkj heibipubd hajed udtuh oerhciudjhbsj. 1bdffubd oj#brb njteiuhbd pbnb obdybh hajed nedfbd pedybhjt\brhjdscd. 6j#brb ierehb ybdf aeib`,icdctcd, nbd ternedfbr `bausiedudtuthesbnbrbd oerupbyb udtuh oj#brbnedfbd abiobt, nedfbd pedehbdbd

per`btjbd pbnb bpb ybdf ierehbhbtbhbd.

>ededtuhbd #brb-#brb hciudjhbsj sepertj

ieipertb bdhbd hcdtbh ibtb, ieioerjhbd pertbdybbd nedfbd kbwbobd yb btbu tjnbh,iedffudbhbd hertbs nbd pedsja:ocapcjd, fbiobr, btbu pbpbd tuajs, ob`bsb jsybrbt, perkeabs brtj nbrjhciudjhbsj ybdf njsbipbjhbd.

>eipertb bdhbd hcdtbh ibtb bhbd

ieioubt hajed tertbrjh seabibhciudjhbsj. jhb hajed nbpbtiedfferbhbd hepbab, iedfenjphbdibtb, btbu sedbf nedfbd jsybrbt-jsybrbtsener`bdb, aeoj` objh nedfbd

iedffudbhbd pertbdybbd yb:tjnbh.

5eibipubd ieduajs hbnbdf-hbnbdfieaeab`hbd hajed, seabjd jtu nbpbtiedfbhjobthbd mrustbsj nbabi upbybieiedu`j heoutu`bd hciudjhbsj.5eaubrfb nbpbt oeherkb sbib udtuh ieiobdtu ieiedu`j heoutu`bd hajed.

\ertjiobdfhbd oedtuh hciudjhbsj ojab terpbsbdf 5bteter jdtrbvedb ybdf terpbsbdf



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hbteter jdtrbvedb. njtbdfbd bhbd iedfurbdfj heoeobsbdhajed nbabi ieduajs btbu ieioerj

jsybrbt.

;etbhhbd oea peibdffja nbabi kbdfhbubd hajed nbd oerjhbd pedkeabsbd #brb iedffudbhbddyb. bwbo pbdffjabd terseout nedfbd seferb. \edu`j heoutu`bdhajed. 5btbhbd hepbnb hajed ob`wb perbwbt sjbpieiobdtu kjhb njoutu`hbd.

5eterfbdtudfbd hajed pbnb vedtjabtcr bhbd ieioubt hajed aeoj objh nbdrjaehs, ierbsb bibd nbd iedfertj ob`wb seabib iedffudbhbd vedtjabtcr, perbwbt bhbd ieiedu`j sefbab

heoutu`bddyb.

6ubtab` #btbtbd njhbdtcr perbwbt tedtbdf hebnbbd

hajed ybdf nbpbt oj#brb.

>edfjdfbthbd stbm perbwbt udtuh

oerespcd nedfbd hajed seabibieioerjhbd perbwbtbd.

6ubtab` rehbibd peioj#brbbd hajed. /ehbibd peioj#brbbd hajed nbabi pjtb

hbset se#brb perjcnjh njoutu`hbd nbabiieibdtbu perheiobdfbd hajed.ipajmjer he#ja ieiobdtu ojab hajediedfbabij hesuajtbd iednedfbr.

dkurhbd heaubrfb:crbdf abjd ybdf nehbt nedfbd hajedudtuh oeroj#brb nedfbd hajed, ieioerjhbd jdmcribsjtedtbdf heaubrfbdyb, nbd hebnbbd ybdf senbdf terkbnj.

5eaubrfb nbpbt ierbsb bhrbo nedfbdhajed nbabi oerbnb nehbt hajed seabib oeroj#brb. \edfbabibd jdj nbpbtieiobdtu btbu ieipertb`bdhbd

hcdtbh dybtb sepertj ierbsbhbdhe`bnjrbd bdffctb heaubrfb ybdf nbpbtiedfurbdfj perbsbbd hbhu.

5cabocrbsj nedfbd bàj wj#brb ob`bsb. àj terbpj wj#brb ob`bsb nbpbtieiobdtu nbabi ieioedtuh pedjdfhbtbd abtj`bd per#bhbpbd nbdieiobdtu petufbs hese`btbd udtuh iedfeiobdfhbd ietcne hciudjhbsjudtuh ieiedu`j heoutu`bd hajed.

Hp() (818* $8#' e-e'$- =#() e%0**()#( 8e()#( 8ep%es 8#( 8s-*()s '#%e(#

pe%'e#()#( pe(=#'$.

ûkubd ? +babi wbhtu 2 N $ hcpjdf jdnjvjnu iedkbnj emehtjm.

5rjterjb =bsja ? ibipu iedybtbhbd btbu iedfciudjhbsjhbd nedfbd crbdf ternehbt tedtbdfsjtubsj nbd peruob`bd ybdf senbdf terkbnj, ibipu iedybtbhbd pederjibbd njrj ter`bnbp sjtubsj,iedfbhuj, nbd iedffboudfhbd peruob`bd henbabi hcdsep njrj nedfbd #brb ybdf bhurbt tbdpb

`brfb njrj ybdf defbtjm.

J($e%1e(s _#s(#&s#s



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5bkj peruob`bd fbdffubd persepsj nbd ùoudfbdnedfbd nerbkbt hetjnbhibipubd.

>ededtuhbd obdtubd jdnjvjnuba nbabiiedyusud red#bdb perbwbtbd btbu

peijaj`bd jdtervedsj.

+uhudf heibipubd hcpjdf hajed. 5epbtu`bd ter`bnbp prcfrbi abtj`bdnbd oerkbabd ieiobdtu perabiobtheibkubd pedybhjt. +uhudfbd nbdsuioer obdtubd nbpbt njoerjhbd ieabaujhetehudbd oerncb nbd pedehbdbd heaubr

ter`bnbp bhtjvjtbs nedfbdieipertb`bdhbd pbrtjsjpbsj bhtjm.

Lbtbt hetjhb hajed iedybtbhbd sehbrbt btbuiedfjdfhbrj nbd iedybtbhbd jdjab` heibtjbd.

>ednuhudf pedcabhbd ter`bnbp obfjbdtuou` btbu perbsbbd defbtjm ter bnbpfbiobrbd tuou` nbd heibipubd ybdfiedudkuhhbd heoutu`bd nbd jdtervedsjsertb nuhudfbd eicsjcdba.

\erdybtbbd pedfbhubd ter bnbp pedcabhbd tuou`,iedfjdfbthbd heiobaj mbhtb hekbnjbd tedtbdf rebajtbs ob`wb ibsj` nbpbt iedffudbhbd sjsj ybdf sbhjt nbd oeabkbr iedfcdtrca sjsj ybdf se`bt.

>eiobdtu hajed udtuh ieaj`bt ob`wb perbwbt iederjib henub obfjbd seobfbj obfjbd nbrj seauru` tuou`. >edfj8jdhbdhajed udtuh ierbsbhbd bnbdyb `brbpbd

nbd iuabj iederjib sjtubsj obru.

6erj nuhudfbd psjhcacfjs se#brb iedyeauru . 5ajed pedybhjt \brhjdscd serjdf ierbsb

ibau, bpbtjs, tjnbh bnehubt, ocsbd, nbdierbsb sednjrj. \erbsbbd jdj nbpbtnjseobohbd bhjobt hebnbbd mjsjh ybdfabiobt nbd upbyb ybdf oesbr njoutu`hbd ter`bnbp tufbs-tufbs he#ja.5ajed njobdtu nbd njnuhudf udtuh

ied#bpbj tukubd ybdf njtetbphbdsepertj iedjdfhbtdyb icojajtbs7.5bredb \brhjdscd iedfbrb` bhbdiedudkuhhbd iedbrjh njrj nbd nepresj,hajed `brus bhtjm oerpbrtjsjpbsj nbabi prcfrbi terbpj ybdf ied#bhup prcfrbi

scsjba nbd rehrebsj.

6bdtu nbd bkbrhbd perbwbtbd ybdf objh nedfbdieiperobjhj heojbsbbd.

>eiobdtu iedjdfhbthbd perbsbbd`brfb njrj nbd iedfcdtrca aeoj` nbrj

sbtu breb he`jnupbd.

6ubt red#bdb prcfrbi bhtjvjtbs `brjbd pbnb

heseauru`bd brj.

\rcfrbi bhtjvjtbs pbnb heseauru`bd `brj

ied#efb` wbhtu tjnur ybdf terabau obdybh ybdf nbpbt iedfbrb` pbnb tjnbh bnbdyb hejdfjdbd oerbhtjvjtbs nbdbpbtjs. &etjbp upbyb njoubt udtuh iednuhudf hajed heaubr nbrj tufbs-tufbs ybdf teribsuh hcpjdf nedfbd

heoutu`bd ierehb setjbp `brj nbd udtuh ieioedtuh hajed ibdnjrj. pbpud ybdfnjabhuhbd `bdyb udtuh hebibdbdsewbhtu ied#bpbj tukubd nedfbdiedjdfhbtdyb heibipubd hcpjdf.



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dkurhbd crbdf ternehbt udtuh iedfj8jdhbd hajedieabhuhbd seobdybh iudfhjd `ba udtuh njrjdyb.

>edf`jnuphbd heiobaj perbsbbdheibdnjrjbd nbd ieiobdtu

perheiobdfbd `brfb njrj sertbieiedfbru`j prcses re`bojajtbsj.

+uhudf perjabhu btbu usb`b sepertj pedjdfhbtbd ijdbtbtbu pbrtjsjpbsj nbabi bhtjvjtbs re`bojajtbsj.

5ajed nbpbt oerbnbptbsj ter bnbp peruob`bd nbd pedfertjbd tedtbdf perbdjdnjvjnu ibsb iednbtbdf.

>cdjtcr fbdffubd tjnur, pedjdfhbtbd hesuajtbdhcdsedtrbsj, aetbrfj nbd pedcabhbd.

+bpbt iedfjdnjhbsjhbd terkbnjdybnepresj. +epresj uiuidyb terkbnjseobfbj pedfbru` nbrj strche ybdfieierauhbd jdtervedsj nbd evbaubsj

aeoj` abdkut.

5cabocrbsj ? rukuh pbnb bàj deurcpsjhcacfj nbdhcdseajdf ojab bnb jdnjhbsj.

+bpbt ieimbsjajtbsj peruob`bd perbdybdf pedtjdf udtuh perheiobdfbd

perbsbbd. 5erkbsbi mjsjcterbpj, psjhcterbpj, terbpj cobt-cobtbd, nbdnuhudfbd pbrtjsjpbsj heacipch nbpbtiedcacdf iedfurbdfj nepresj ybdf kufb serjdf iud#ua pbnb hebnbbd jdj.

Ne-s$ pe()e$#0*#( =#() e%0**()#( 8e()#( s*e% (-%#s p%se8*% pe%#6#$#(%*#0 =#() $8#' #8e'*#$.

ûkubd ? +babi wbhtu 2 N $, jdmcribsj nbpbt njterjib hajed.

5rjterjb =bsja ? hajed ibipu iedfuabdf jdmcribsj tedtbdf prcsenur perbwbtbd ruib`.

J($e%1e(s _#s(#&s#s

5bkj pedfetbùbd hajed nbd heaubrfb tedtbdf

perbwbtbd hese btbd njruib`.

>edfetbùj tjdfhbt pedfetbùbd nbd

tjdfhbt pednjnjhbd bhbd ieiunb`hbd

perbwbt nbabi ieioerjhbd jdmcribsj

ybdf sesubj nedfbd hcdnjsj hajed.

eabshbd pedtjdfdyb perbwbtbd hese`btbd njruib`

pbnb hajed nbd heaubrfb.

5eoutu`bd jdmcribsj tedtbdf pedybhjt

\brhjdscd njtukuhbd bfbr hajed ibipu

oerbnbptbsj nbd ieipudybj

heibipubd iedf`bnbpj pedybhjt.

&etjbp upbyb ybdf njoubt udtuh

iedkeabshbd hebnbbd dybtb, pedybhjt,

nbd pedfeacabbd he#eibsbd nbd

hetbhutbd ybdf iud#ua, nbd iudfhjd

ierupbhbd hetjnbhibipubd bhjobt

pedybhjt jtu sednjrj.

6erj nuhudfbd pbnb heaubrfb nbabi ierbwbt hajed 5eaubrfb iedfbabij stress bhjdbt



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