MAJOR VEGETABLE PEST AND DISEASES …ssadp.com/.../Major-Vegetable-Pest-and-Diseases-Handbook.pdfIndofil M45 Ridomil Sicozeb Chlorothalonil Chlorothalonil Chlorothalonil Mono & Potassium

MAJOR VEGETABLE PEST AND DISEASES HANDBOOK

A FIELD GUIDE FOR SOUTH SUDAN

Manfred Bitala November 26, 2016 (Revised)

SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 2

Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade

name Active ingredient

Early blight:

Tomato

Eggplant

Pepper

Altenaria solani

brown-black spots on

leaves Premature

dropping of lower

leaves, concentric rings

on stem and fruits

Use good certified

seed

Observe field

sanitation

Remove crop

residual immediately

after harvest

Use crop rotation

Banko

Odeon

Daconil

Agril, Agrifos

Amistar xtra

Othello top

Amistar

Othello

Antracol 70 WP

Ebony M72

Folpan 80 WP

King mill MZ 72

Ugonall 580 WP

Ureka 72%

Winner 72

Victory 72

Mistress 72

Chlorothalonil

Chlorothalonil

Chlorothalonil

Mono & Di-Potassium phosphate

Azoxystrobin + Cyproconazole

Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole

Azoxystrobin

Azoxystrobin

Propineb

Metalaxyl + Mancozeb

Folpet 80%

Metalaxyl+ Mancozeb

Metalaxyl+Mancozeb

Metalaxyl+Mancozeb

Metalaxyl+Mancozeb

Metalaxyl+Mancozeb

Metalaxyl+Mancozeb




Late blight:

Tomato

Eggplant

Phytophthora infestans

Dark and dark water

soaked lesions on leafs,

fruits and stem that

expands rapidly

Remove lower diseased leaves,

Use crop rotation

Use trellising to avoid lower leaves and fruits touching the ground

Observe field sanitation and remove crop residue immediately after harvesting

Banko

Odeon

Daconil

Agril, Agrifos

Amistar

Othello

Antracol 70 WP

Ebony M72

Folpan 80 WP

Indofil M45

Ridomil

Sicozeb

Chlorothalonil

Chlorothalonil

Chlorothalonil

Mono & Potassium phosphate

Azoxystrobin

Azoxystrobin

Propineb

Metalaxyl + Mancozeb

Folpet 80%

Mancozeb

Mancozeb

Mancozeb




Powderly mildew

Tomato

Pepper

Eggplant

Okra

Oidium neolycopersici

Erysiphe orontii,

Leveillula taurica

Whitish Powderly

lesions on leaves,

particularly lower leaves

Avoid irrigation after

3.00pm and during

the night since

wetness on leaves

accelerates infection

Amistar

Othello

Ortiva

Antracol 70 WP

Bayleton

Dakonil

Banko

Odeon

Tilt 250 EC

Azoxystrobin

Azoxystrobin

Azoxystrobin

Propineb

Triadimefon

Chlorothalonil

Chlorothalonil

Clorothalonil

Propiconazole



name

Fusarium wilt

Tomato

Okra

Pepper

Fusarium oxyporum

Sudden plant wilting from down

upwards with leaves changing

from green to yellow colour

Use crop rotation

Control measures against

nematodes

Use resistant varieties

Observe basic practice

plant nutrition requirement

Proper irrigation

No known effective

chemicals


Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides

Bacterial wilt

affects all solanaeceous

Pseudomonas

solanasearum

Sudden plant wilts from top

downwards with the colour of

the wilting plant remaining

green.

This happens after the start of

fruit setting

Use resistant variety

Use long crop rotation involving sorghum in rotation

Observe good agricultural practices

No known effective

pesticides available


Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides

Viral diseases

Affects different crops

Stunted growth

Leaf crinkling

Leaf and fruit mosaic and

mottling

Avoid cigarette smoking

in farm

Ensure good control of

white flies, aphids and

other sucking insects

Remove and destroy

affected plants away

from farm

No effective chemicals


Insect Damages Control Pesticide trade


White flies

Tomato

Pepper

Okra

Bamesia tabaci

Sucking insects.

Affects plants by sucking water

from leaves and fruits as well as

transmitting viral diseases

Spray liquid soap

50ml per

knapsack (15-

20lts)

Observe crop

rotation and field

sanitation

Buffalo 100 EC

Karate 5 EC

Mitac 20EC

Ninja 5EC

TATA MIDA

200SL

Dimethotae 20%

Beta-cyfluthrin &

Imidacloprid

Lambda-

cyhalothrin

Amitraz 20%

Lambda-

cyhalothrin

Imidacloprid

Dimethoate 20%

Actara

Confidor

Thiamethoxam

Imidacloprid


Insect Damage Control Pesticide trade


Aphids

Tomato

Pepper

Eggplant

Okra

Aphis spp.

Sucking insects.

Affects plants by sucking

water from leaves and fruits

as well as transmitting viral

diseases

Spray liquid

soap 50ml per

knapsack (15-

20lts)

Observe crop

rotation and

field sanitation

Actara 25WG

Attakkan 350 SC

Buffalo 100 EC

Celcron 50 EC

Confidor 70 WG

Decis

Dudu cyper

Cyperscope

Mega power

Ambush

Cyper laser

Dudu all

Thiamethoxam

Imidacloprid

Betacyfluthrin & Imidacloprid

Profenofos

Imidacloprid

Deltamethrin

Cypermethrin

Cypermethrin

Cypermethrin

Cypermethrin

Cypermethrin

Cypermethrin +Chloropyrifos


Pest Damages Control Pesticides trade


Boll worms

Tomato

Okra

Lepidoptera

Spodoptera

Noctuidae

Sphingidae

Arctiidae

Fruit borer.

Enters the fruits when

they are young. If not

controlled can cause

up to 100% losses

Observe field

sanitation

Crop rotation

Immediate

elimination of

crop residues

after harvest

Decis

Celcron 50 EC

Diaznon 60%

Karate 5EC

Mitac 20EC

Ninja 5 EC

Rocket 44EC

Deltamethrin

Profenofos

Diaznon

Lambda-cyhalothrin

Amitraz 20%

Lambda-cyhalothrin

Profenofos+cypermethrin




Leaf miner

Tomato

Eggplant

pepper

Liriomyza sp

The pests affect

crops by causing

visible tunnels on

leaves

Observe field

sanitation

Crop rotation

Immediate removal

of crop residue after

harvest.

Don’t over use one

type of pesticide

Attakkan 350 SC

Buffalo 100 EC

Celcron 50EC

Confidor 70 WG

Diazinon 60%

TC imidacloprid

Imidacloprid

Betacyfluthrin &

Imidacloprid

Imidacloprid

Imidacloprid

Diaznon

Imidaclopprid+

Acetamiprid


Pest Damages Control Pesticide trade


Root knot nematodes

tomato

Pepper

Eggplant

Okra Meloidogyne spp

Stunted growth

Wilting and formation

of root nodules

Observe farm

history before

planting

Use crop rotation

and resistant

varieties

Fenomen 400 EC Fenamiphos 40%


Disease Symptoms Control Pesticide trade


Downy mildew

Allium

Perenospora destructor

Pale green oval shaped lesions with brownish spores on leaves

Observe crop rotation

field and stores sanitation

Agril 407, Agrifos 400

Antracol 70 WP

Folpan 80 WP

Milraz 76 WP

Mistress

Previcur Energy

Indofil M45

Ugonall 580

Ureka 72

King mill MZ 72

Mono and Di-Potassium phosphate

Propineb

Folpet 80%

Propineb + Cymoxanil

Cymoxanil + Mancozeb

Propamocarb + Fosetyl

Mancozeb

Etalaxyl+Mancozeb

Metalaxyl+Mancozeb

Metalaxyl+mancozeb




White tip

Allium

Phytopthora porri

Whitish water soaked

lesion are seen on leaf

tips

Observe crop

rotation

Use drip irrigation

Agril 407,

Agrifos 400

Antracol 70 WP

Folpan 80 WP

Othello

Banko

Mono & Di Potassium

phosphate

Propineb

Folpet 80%

Azoxystrobin

Chlorothalonil




Purple blotch

Allium

Altenaria porri

Whitish dots on leaves

Irregular chlorosis on leaf tops and circular to oblong concentric rings.

Lesions develops towards the leaf bases

Avoid over irrigation

Ensure good drainage immediately after heavy storm

Use drip irrigation

Agrifos 400 Amistar

Othello

Antracol 70 WP

Baycor

Bayfidan 250 EC

Banko

Odeon

Score 25 EC

Mono & Di Potassium phosphate

Azoxystrobin

Azoxystrobin

Propineb

Bitertanol

Triadimenol

Chlorothalonil

Chlorothalonil

Difenoconazole




Leaf blight

Affects many

crops

Botrytis spp.

Large number of

specks are seen on

leaves spreading

rapidly on foliage

Observe field

sanitation

Remove crop

residual

immediately after

harvest

Use crop rotation

Antracol 70 WP

Baycor

Goldazim 50 SC

Bayfidan 250 EC

Banko

Daconil

Ivory 72

Victory 72

Mistress 72

Winner 72

Propineb

Bitertanol

Cabendazim 50%

Triadimenol

Chlorothalonil

Chlorothalonil

Metalaxyl +

Mancozeb

Metalaxyl+mancozeb

Metalaxyl+Mancozeb

Metalaxyl+Mancozeb




Thrips

Affects many

crops

Thrips tabaci

Feeds on the young

leaves in the inner

neck of the plants.

Tend to develop

resistance to

chemical control

Regular insect

scouting

Ensure field

sanitation

Use sticker spreader

to have good

coverage when

spraying

Prove 1.92 EC.

Selecron 720 EC

Dimethoate 40%

TATAMIDA 200SL

Tracer 480 EC

Attakkan 350 SC

Diazinon 60 EC

TC-Imidacloprid

Emamectin benzoate

Profenofos

Dimethoate40%

Imidacloprid

Spinosad48%

Imidacloprid

Diaznon

Imidacloprid+Acetamiprid




Cutworms

Onion and many

other crops

Lepidoptera

Spodoptera

Noctuidae

Hides in soil or

litter materials and

attack particularly

young plants

during the night.

They are larvae of

various spp. of

moth

Weed and remove

vegetation at least

5M surrounding

the fields.

Observe crop

rotation

Prove 1.92 EC

Chloropyrifos 48%

Rimon

Tracer 480 SC

Karate

Ninja 5 EC

Emamectin

benzoate

Chloropyrifos 48%

Novaluron 10%

Spinosad 48%

Lambda-

cyhalothrin

Lambda-

cyhalothrin




Bacteria Soft Rot

cabbage

Erwinia carotovora

Appearance of water

soaked lesions

characterized with rapid

expansion and collapse

of plats giving offensive

odor

Observe crop

rotation

field sanitation

elimination of crop

residuals

immediately after

harvest

clean

tools,equipments

and stores

immediately after

use

No known pesticides

available




Cabbage rot

cabbage

many other crops

Sclerotinia screrotiorum

(fungus)

Produce cottony

white mold when

rotting

Small dark spores

are also seen

Remove old lower

leaves to avoid

them touching the

ground

Use of mulching

Use drip irrigation

crop rotation

Banko

Daconil

Odeon

Othello

Amistar

Silvacur

Ridomil

chlorothalonil

chlorothalonil

chlorothalonil

Azoxystrobin

Azoxystrobin

Tebuconazole +

Triadimenol

Mancozeb



name

Black rot

Cruciferae

Xanthomonas campestris

(pv campestris)

(bacteria)

Appearance of ‘V’ shaped

yellowing from the edges of

leaves in ward, then

browning and become

brittle.

Cutting through the plant

black discoloration tissue

are seen along the stem

Use clean and safe

seeds

Use resistant varieties

Use raised beds and

avoid water logging

conditions in fields

use crop rotation

No known

agrochemicals

available


Pests Damages Control Pesticides trade


Cutworms

tomato

okra

pepper

eggplant

Agrotis spp.

Attack young plants

during the night

cutting near the

ground.

They are larvae of

various spp. of moth

Observe field

sanitation

Surrounding

areas at least 5M

weed free all the

time

Brigade LE

Dursban

Karate, Ninja

Match

Prove 1.92 EC

Rimon

Tracer

Bifenthrin

Chloropyrifos

Lambda-cyhalothrin

Lufenuron

Emamectin benzoate

Novaluron 10%

Spinosad 48%


Pests Damages Control Pesticides trade


Diamond back moth

(DBM)

Cruciferae

Plutella xylostella

A chewing insect that

cause windowing and

skeletonization of the

leaves.

It is also

characterized by

rapid multiplication

Use of live barrier

Observe field

sanitation

Clean surroundings

Use crop rotation

Regular field

inspection at least

twice per week

Buffalo 100 EC

Celcron 50 EC

Match 5 EC

Metazam

Karate, Ninja 5 EC

Deltamethrin 2.5%

Diazinon 60%

Betacyfluthrin &

Imidacloprid

Profenofos

Lufenuron

Metarhizium anisopriae

Lambda-cyhalothrin

Deltamethrin

Diaznon



name

Active

ingredient

Bacterial spot

Pepper

tomato

Xanthomonas spp.

Circular spots on

leaves and fruits

causing defoliation and

fruit drop at advanced

stage.

Occurrence is highly

favored by high

temperature and

relative humidity

Avoid splash from

rain and overhead

irrigation Use crop

rotation

Field sanitation

Use resistant

varieties

Use disease free

seeds

Drip irrigation is

highly

recommended

Cobox

Copper nordox

50WP

Ridomil

Indofil

Copper

oxychloride

Copper

oxychloride

Mancozeb

Mancozeb



name

Active ingredient

Anthracnose

Pepper

tomato

Colletotricum spp.

Water soaked sunken

circular depressions

with concentric rings

in the lesions appear

more on mature/

ripening fruits

small and irregular

shaped gray/brownish

spots with dark brown

edges can be seen on

stem and leaves

Proper field

sanitation

Crop rotation

good plant

nutrition program

use good quality

seedlings

Banko

Daconil

Odeon

Rodomil

Indofil

Chlorothalonil

Chlorothalonil

chlorothalonil

Mancozeb

Mancozeb




Verticillium Wilt

All solanaecious

Verticillium spp.

Stunted growth

Yellowing of lower

leaves

Browning of outer

ring of vascular

bundle from roots

up to about 30cm

above the soil

General wilting of

the plants

Observe history of the

farm before production

Use good plant nutrition

Observe good cultural

practices

Use drip irrigation to

reduce spread

No known effective

chemicals available



name

Active

ingredient

Fruit rot

Eggplant

Pepper

Tomato

Phomopsis vexans

On leaves, development of

grey/ brown lesions which

appears to be clear at centers,

with brown, dry, sunken

cracked cancer on stems

On fruits symptoms start with

small sunken grey/brown

lesions then expand and joining

forming concentric rings that

are yellow/ brown margins

Use disease free

seeds

Use crop

rotation (3-

years),

Immediate

remove and

destroy affected

plants

Use of high rate

of phosphorous

and potassium

fertilizers

Royalcap 500 FS

Capten 50WP,

Merpan 50 WP

Goldazim 50 SC

Odeon

Banko

Cobox

Copper nordox 50WP

Indofil

Ridomil

Captan

Captan

Captan

Carbendazim,

Chlorothalonil

Chlorothalonil

Copper oxychloride

Copper oxychloride

Mancozeb

Mancozeb




Damping–off

- Affects many

different crops

Pythium spp.

Rhizoctonia solani

Affect seedlings at

early stages especially

if there is too much

wetness/ watering and

low temperature.

Affected seedling are

characterized by rots a

few cm. above the

ground followed by

sudden collapse and

death of plants

Avoid too much

watering of seedlings

Observe field history

Use crop rotation

Use preventive

fungicides

Ivory 72

Victory 72

Mistress 72

Winner 72

Metalaxyl +

Mancozeb

Metalaxyl+mancozeb

Metalaxyl+Mancozeb

Metalaxyl+Mancozeb

Documents

MAJOR VEGETABLE PEST AND DISEASES …ssadp.com/.../Major-Vegetable-Pest-and-Diseases-Handbook.pdfIndofil M45 Ridomil Sicozeb Chlorothalonil Chlorothalonil Chlorothalonil Mono & Potassium