Madame Curie - Radium and Polonium

7/28/2019 Madame Curie - Radium and Polonium

1/15

26/11/2012

Research work of Madame Marie SklodowskaCurie for The Nobel Prize in Chemistry,1911

Presented by : ashish

1Topic


2/15

26/11/2012 2Content

Madame CurieAn Introduction.

Double Nobel Laureate.

Radioactivity.

The Discoveries.

Polonium.

Radium.

Isolation of Radium .

Uses.

Harmful Radioactivity.

Bibliography.


3/15

26/11/2012 3Madame CurieAn Introduction

Birth: November 7, 1867 - Warsaw, Poland.

Family: Pierre Curie, Irene Joliot-Curie, Eve Curie.

Native Country: Poland.

Adopted Country: France.

Scientific fields: Physics, Chemistry.

Contributions: Radioactivity, Radium, Polonium.

Death: July 4, 1934Passy, Haute-Novae, France.


4/15

26/11/2012 4Double Nobel Laureate

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 was divided, one half awarded to Antoine Henri

Becquerel "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by hisdiscovery of spontaneous radioactivity", the other half jointly to Pierre Curie and MarieCurie, ne Sklodowska "in recognition of the extraordinary services they haverendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by ProfessorHenri Becquerel".

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 was awarded to Marie Curie "in recognition ofher services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elementsradium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature andcompounds of this remarkable element".


5/15

26/11/2012 5Radioactivity

Henri Becquerels Uranic Rays

Henri Becquerel had observed that uranium compounds gave off certain invisiblerays which could penetrate opaque objects and affect photographic plates. He

named them uranic rays.

The term Radio-activity

While working on uranic rays for her Doctoral thesis, Madame Curie coined theterm radio-active rays and hence, called the phenomenon of emitting these

invisible rays as radio-activity.

Thorium

While studying various compounds for radioactivity, Madame Curie found

Thorium to be radioactive too.


6/15

26/11/2012 6The Discoveries

Pitchblende Ore

While studying the pitchblende ore, Madame Curie found to it to be more

radioactive than uranium and hypothesized that it contained at least 3 previously

unknown elements, which were much much more radioactive than Uranium and

Thorium. Polonium

On 18th July, 1898, Polonium was discovered by the Curies and named in the

honour of Poland, Madame Curies native country.

RadiumOn 26th December, 1898, Radium was discovered and named after the latin word

for ray.


7/15

26/11/2012 7Polonium

Name Polonium

Symbol Po

Atomic number 84

Group number 16

Group Metal

Block p

Half Life of208Po 2.898 years

Half Life of209Po 103 years

Half Life of210

Po 138.37 daysMelting Point 527 K

Boiling Point 1235 K

Electronic Configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4


8/15

26/11/2012 8Radium

Name RadiumSymbol Ra

Atomic number 88

Group number 2

Group Alkaline earth metal

Block s

Half life of 226Ra 1602 years

Half life of 228Ra 6.7 years

Boiling Point 973 K

Melting Point 2010 K

Electronic Configuration [Rn] 7s2


9/15

26/11/2012 9Isolation of Radium

Extraction of radiferous Barium Sulphate.

Conversion of sulphate to chloride.

Separation of radium chloride from barium chloride.

Activity measurements.

Spectroscopic confirmation.

Electrolysis of Radium chloride.


10/15

26/11/2012 10Uses of Radium

Used in medical radioisotopes. Used as a gamma ray source. Used to produce neutrons.


11/15

26/11/2012 11Uses of Polonium

Polonium is also used in anti-static brushes to eliminate dust on

photographic film.

It is sealed in brushes to control the radioactive emissions.

Can be used as a lightweight heat source for thermoelectric power in space

satellites.

Can be mixed or alloyed with Beryllium to provide a source of neutrons.

Polonium is used to eliminate static electricity produced duringprocesses such as rolling paper, wire and sheet metal.


12/15

26/11/2012 12Harmful radioactivity

Deaths of five "Radium Girl" employees who had used radium-basedluminous paints on the dials of watches.

Madame Curie, herself died of aplastic anemia, due to long termexposure to radioactivity.

Irene Joliot-Curie, died of leukemia, 10 years after a capsule ofpolonium exploded on her bench.

Poloniums harmful radioactivity has also been used to a murder

weapon.


13/15

26/11/2012 13A few Curies Quotes

Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. Now is the time to

understand more, so that we may fear less.

Be less curious about people and more curious about ideas.

We must have perseverance and above all confidence in ourselves. We must

believe that we are gifted for something.

Nothing in life is to be feared. It is to be understood.

We must not forget that when radium was discovered no one knew that it would

prove useful in hospitals. The work was one of pure science. And this is a proof that

scientific work must not be considered from the point of view of the directusefulness of it. It must be done for itself, for the beauty ofscience.


14/15

26/11/2012 14Bibliography

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-

lecture.html

http://www.aip.org/history/curie/discover.htm

http://www.britannica.com/nobelprize/article-9435287#TOP

http://www.aip.org/history/curie/article.htm

http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2011/3301/5_adloff.html

Radiochemistry and the Discovery of Isotopes(New York: Dover, 1970), A. Dover
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture.htmlhttp://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture.htmlhttp://www.aip.org/history/curie/discover.htmhttp://www.britannica.com/nobelprize/article-9435287http://www.aip.org/history/curie/article.htmhttp://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2011/3301/5_adloff.htmlhttp://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2011/3301/5_adloff.htmlhttp://www.aip.org/history/curie/article.htmhttp://www.britannica.com/nobelprize/article-9435287http://www.britannica.com/nobelprize/article-9435287http://www.britannica.com/nobelprize/article-9435287http://www.aip.org/history/curie/discover.htmhttp://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture.htmlhttp://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture.htmlhttp://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture.htmlhttp://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture.htmlhttp://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture.html


15/15

26/11/2012 15End of Presentation

Documents

Madame Curie - Radium and Polonium