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ABBREVIATIONS LIST 0032-AXM 101 01/6 Uen A M-MGw Glossary of Terms Copyright © Copyright Ericsson AB 2007. All Rights Reserved Disclaimer No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright owner. The contents of this document are subject to revision without notice due to continued progress in methodology, design and manufacturing. Ericsson shall have no liability for any error or damage of any kind resulting from the use of this document. Contents 1 Glossary of Terms 1.1 Terms Page 1 of 39 M-MGw Glossary of Terms 6/8/2010 file://C:\Documents and Settings\Cholai\My Documents\Alex Lib\ALEX_TMP\1103\alex0...

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Page 1: M-MGw Glossary of Terms

ABBREVIATIONS LIST 0032-AXM 101 01/6 Uen A

M-MGw Glossary of TermsCopyright© Copyright Ericsson AB 2007. All Rights ReservedDisclaimerNo part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright owner.The contents of this document are subject to revision without notice due to continued progress in methodology, design and manufacturing. Ericsson shall have no liability for any error or damage of any kind resulting from the use of this document.

Contents 1 Glossary of Terms1.1 Terms

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1 Glossary of TermsThis document contains a collection of terms and definitions related to Ericsson Media Gateway for Mobile Networks (M-MGw). It provides a tool for further understanding of the product information documentation. The intended reader is anyone who reads product information related documentation. Abbreviations and acronyms related to the M-MGw are presented in Glossary document.

1.1 TermsA-interface A-interface is an interface

between BSC and MGw.AAL2 Access Point (Aal2Ap) An AAL2 access point is a

high rate access point that uses MTP-3B for signalling. Aal2Ap terminates the ALCAP protocol (Q.2630). There is one Aal2Ap in a node for every direct AAL2 connection to other node.

AAL2 Path Distribution Unit AAL2 Path Distribution Unit handles a set of AAL2 Paths to be used for the connection. It is connected to the Q.AAL2 Access Point.

AAL2 Path AAL2 Path is a Virtual Channel Connection (VCC)between two network devices.

AAL2 Switch

AAL2 Switch is a switch which routes AAL2 connections. MGw may act as an AAL2 switch. When MGw acts as an AAL2 switch, it just forwards the received packets to the right direction.

Action Method or service that is exposed by a managed object.

Admission Control Ability of network to refuse connections when the demand exceeds capacity.

Alarm

An indication to the operator or higher-level management system that a fault has occurred which may require some human intervention. Alarms have state (active or cleared), severity (warning, minor,

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major, critical) and other attributes to aid the operator in assessing the importance of the alarm. Primary alarm is an alarm directly related to a fault that has occurred in the system. Secondary alarm is issued for a fault that has occurred due to dependency.

Algorithm File

An algorithm file contains the algorithm logic for a variable message in a form that can directly be interpreted by the Interactive Messaging system. When a play request for a variable message is received by the Interactive Messaging system it will use the logic in the associated algorithm file, together with data sent along with the play request, to determine which output to generate. The execution of the algorithm results in a list of identifiers. All possible identifiers are summarized in the configuration file.

Application Upgrade Engine (AUE) Load Modules that are used during upgrade. The AUE:s take care of configuration data transition and conversions so that the old node configuration works also for the new sw. They can also be built for special auto configuration purposes such that sw release related configuration changes automatically takes place during the upgrade.

ARMAMENT File

ARMAMENT file contains information about CPP core load modules (LMs)which need to be running on the boards before the db.dat information can be used, and the order in which the LMs will be started.

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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Asynchronous Transfer Mode is a cell switching network standard. ATM is a connection oriented full duplex communication network. See also AAL, VC,VCI, VCC, VCL, VP, VPC and VPI.

ATM Adaptation Layer 1 (AAL1) ATM Adaptation Layer 1 supports connection-oriented services that require constant bit rates and have specific timing and delay requirements.

ATM Adaptation Layer 2 (AAL2) ATM Adaptation Layer 2 supports connection-oriented services that do not require constant bit rates but do have specific timing and delay requirements.

ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) ATM Adaptation Layer 5 supports connection-oriented and connectionless variable bit rate data services that do not require strict timing and delay requirements.

ATM Cross-Connect

ATM Cross-Connect routes connections between ATM network and other networks. MGw may act as an ATM Cross-Connect node.

ATM Link Control Application Part (ALCAP) Generic name for the transport signalling protocol used to set up and tear down transport bearers.

ATM Service Classes

Class A: Includes constant bit rate services for connection-oriented transfer with end-to-end synchronization. For example PCM-coded voice signals. Class B: Includes variable bit rate services for connection-oriented transfer with end-to-end synchronization. For example VBR-coded video signals. Class C: Includes variable

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bit rate services for connection-oriented transfer without any requirements for end-to-end synchronization. Class D: Includes variable bit rate services for connectionless transfer without any requirements for end-to-end synchronization.

Application Upgrade Engine (AUE) Load Modules that are only used during upgrade. Used for taking care of data handling, for example collecting or converting data.

Autonomous System (AS) An autonomous system is the unit of router policy, either a single network or a group of networks that is controlled by a common network administrator (or group of administrators) on behalf of a single administrative entity.

Basic Message

The simplest type of interactive message which can be transmitted, in that it cannot be broken down into smaller components and will always result in the same phrase being heard by the user.

Board Processor (BP) Role that a processor can have in the system. It controls the hardware on the board (if the board has application hardware), and can execute the part of the node's intelligence that does not require node coordination.

Bridge Data link layer relay device. Circuit Emulation

Circuit Emulation (CE) is a technique to tunnel TDM traffic (time slots) through an ATM network using AAL1.

Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) Software architecture that enables objects on the network to communicate

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regardless of their location, operating system, hardware, and language.

Common Part Convergence Sublayer (CPCS) CPCS provides services such as padding and CRC checking. Converge Sublayer is divided into two parts: Service Specific part (SSCS) and Common Part (CPCS).

Composite Message

Composite Message is an interactive message which is composed of a sequence of other messages. One or more basic messages and other message compositions may be the constituents of a message composition.

Configuration File

Configuration file is used with variable interactive messages to map file identities to file names. The initial output of the execution of an algorithm is a set of file identities: an algorithm always generates the same file identity for the same input data. The IM system uses the configuration file to map each of these file identities to a file name. Which configuration file must be used is defined as part of the definition of a variable message. This allows an operation to generate different output phrases, for example, different languages, without updating the algorithm itself. For performance reasons the Algorithm File and the Configuration File should be stored in the same directory.

Configuration Version (CV) Managed object that holds the current network element software configuration.

Connection Endpoint (CEP) Point where a connection is terminated. It identifies a

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specific connection in a service access point.

Connection Point

Point inside a connection where two adjacent links come together. Performs address translation and forwards information transparently between the two interconnected links.

Constant Bit Rate (CBR) Constant Bit Rate is an ATM service category which supports a constant or guaranteed rate to transport services such as video or voice as well as circuit emulation which requires strict timing control and performance parameters.

Continuity Check Continuity Check is used to test integrity of the speech path in order to verify if the operating conditions of the channel are acceptable.

Convergence Sublayer (CS) Convergence Sublayer is responsible for packaging the higher layer PDUs with any additional information required for the adaptation and offering an interface to the user. Convergence Sublayer is divided into two parts: Service Specific part (SSCS) and Common Part (CPCS).

CORBA IRP Protocol standard for network management.

CORBA Object

Object whose visible part consists of an interface, which is described in IDL.The CORBA interface can specify any operation. CORBA objects are addressed through a CORBA name server.

Data Persistency Data that can survive different events such as upgrade, restart, sessions, request, or none.

db.dat The database backup file contains configuration

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backup data for a specific CV in the MGw node.

Device

A device is a single instance of a MSF device type, comprises control SW on MP and DSP and the algorithm on the DSP. A device is the same as a resource. All devices in MGw are static. Devices are created when the MSB is configured and have a fixed processing capacity and mapping to hardware.

Device Board Module Building block that contains a switch port and a processor. The processor can have the role of a board processor.

Device Group A device group represents all devices, even of different types, on one MSB.

Device Pool A device pool contains devices of the same type, physically implemented on several MSBs.

Device Set A device set represents all devices of the same device type on one MSB.

Device Type

A device type is a resource type from an O&M point-of-view. There can be one or several device types for each media stream function. Different capabilities of a media stream function are gathered in the device type.

Differentiated Services

Differentiated Services (short: Diffserv) is an architecture for providing different types or QoS levels for IP network traffic. The differentiated services architecture is based on a simple model where traffic entering a network is classified and possibly conditioned at the boundaries of the network, and assigned to different behavior aggregates. Each

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behavior aggregate is identified by a single Differentiated Services code point (DSCP). Within the core network, packets are forwarded according to the per-hop behavior (PHB)associated with the Differentiated Services code point (DSCP).

Digital Cross Connect Cross-connect system used in SDH networks.

Directory Server

Logical node that is responsible for configuration information. It holds the System Management Information Model and security information.

Domain

Scope of the area in which you are performing read or write operations. This can be the PLMN, the RNC, the RBS, a WCDMA RAN cell, the LAI, the RAI, or the SAI.

DNS Server

Logical node that keeps track of host names within a naming domain or subdomain. It offers the following two services: the mapping of names to addresses and the mapping of addresses to names.

Domain Name System (DNS) The domain name system is the way that Internet domain names are located and translated into Internet Protocol addresses.

DS0 Bundle A DS0 bundle represents a list of time slots, for example a list of time slots on a physical E1 port.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol provides a framework for passing configuration information to hosts on a TCP/IP network. DHCP is built on a client-server model, where designated DHCP server hosts allocate network addresses and deliver configuration

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parameters to dynamically configured hosts.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Server Logical node responsible for dynamic host configuration. It holds information about addresses and assigns addresses to hosts.

Early Packet Discard

When discarding ATM cells belonging to an AAL5 flow, all cells belonging to an AAL5-PDU are discarded. This means that network bandwidth is not wasted transporting AAL5 packages that cannot be successfully assembled into an upper-layer PDU when reaching their final destination.

Element Management Management operations that can be performed through the Management interface exposed by the network element.

Equipment Protection Equipment protection protects ET-MC41 board against single HW faults by activating the standby board.

Equivalent Telephony Erlang Comparative measure of traffic that does not refer to a particular service type, such as voice or data.

Erlang Unit of traffic intensity. Ethernet Hub

Central distribution system for an Ethernet cabling system. The hub adapts the Ethernet topology to a star-coupled cable network.

Event

Occurrence of significance to network operators, the network elements under surveillance, and network management specifications. Events do not have states.

Expansion

A node is expanded when more capacity is added to the node. This is done by adding new HW and by updating the license key file with more licenses. In some

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cases it is enough to update the license key file only.

External Cable An external cable connects the MGw node to external networks.

Extensible Markup Language (XML) A markup language that describes data formats as well as the information model. It represents structured data in textual form, and is similar in concept to HTML.

Factory Servant Interface served by the factory, which is published in the name service.

FCAPS Areas involved in Network Management, including Fault Management, Configuration Management, Accounting, Performance Management, and Security.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) FTP is a standard protocol for transferring files between hosts in a network.

File Transfer Protocol Server

Logical node that supports the transference of files to and from the file system in a network element according to the FTP standard.

Firewall

Software that protects a computer system against unauthorized access. A firewall acts as a virtual barrier between interfaces or ports.

Fractional Transmission

The fractional transmission means configuring only a part (fraction) of one physical port (that is certain time slots of E1/T1/J1) for ATM traffic.

Full Distinguished Name (FDN) Name of a managed object (MO) which is unique in the managed network. It consists of the LDN plus a prefix identifying the node within the network.

Gateway Interconnection of two networks.

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Gateway Control Protocol (GCP) Gateway Control Protocol defines the protocols used between MGw and MGC.

GCP Profile GCP Profile is used to determine how GCP is used and what functionality is supported by a Virtual Media Gateway.

General Purpose Processor Board (GPB) Product consisting of a processor board that is equipped with a processor powerful enough to act as an MP. It can also be used as a device.

Generic M-MGw Package (GMP) The Generic M-MGw Package versions are V2.0, V2.1 and V3.0. GMP V2.0 and GMP V2.1 product packages contain the Media Gateway configurations incorporating ATM Cross Connect, AAL2 Switch and Signalling Gateway functionality. GMP V2.1 based nodes are only attainable as a result of HW expansion of GMP V2.0 configurations which have been upgraded into the relevant M-MGw SW level. GMP V3.0 product package contains Media Gateway HW configurations which also incorporate ATM Cross Connect, AAL2 Switch and Signaling Gateway functionality. The M-MGw configurations are subject to capacity based SW Licensing.

Generic Order Object (GOO) Configuration rules used to transform specified product packages into one or more standard modules.

Grade of Service (GoS) A number of traffic engineering variables used to provide a measure of adequacy of a group of resources under specified conditions. These grades of service variables may be probability of loss, dial tone delay, and so on. The

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measurement of inefficiency of the number of resources to mobile users is defined as grade of service.

Granularity Period (GP) A Granularity Period (GP)equals to the frequency with which the performance monitoring collects data from the objects. Supported granularity periods are 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 60 minutes.

Graphical User Interface (GUI) A computer environment or program that displays, or facilitates the display of, on-screen options, in the form of icons (pictorial symbols) or menus (lists of alphanumeric characters) by means of which users may enter commands.

Hub Central distribution system for a cabling system.

High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) A popular layer 2 protocol for transferring data reliably over a point-to-point link.

HTTP over SSL (HTTPS) Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) HTTP is the set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. HTTP is an application protocol that runs on top of the TCP/IP suite of protocols.

IM Streamer Maintains, retrieves and forwards, file content when a message request is received.

Interactive Messaging (IM) Interactive messaging (IM)is used to provide network messages and to facilitate interactive services for operators and network providers. Messages are stored on hard disk of a dedicated GPB board.

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Internet Control Message Protocol is a message

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control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol. ICMP messages are processed by the IP software and are not directly apparent to the application user.

Internet Inter-ORB (Object Request Broker) Protocol (IIOP) Internet Inter-ORB Protocol is a protocol that makes it possible for distributed programs written in different programming languages to communicate over the Internet.

Internet Protocol (IP) The Internet Protocol is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. IP is a connectionless protocol.

Information Layer Specifies a generic interface for accessing the information model exposed by local resources in the network element.

Internal Cable A cable which originates in one MGw board and terminates in another MGw board.

Internal Communication Path Channels between all the processors, through which they communicate which each other.

Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Method by which cryptographic keys for the encryption and authentication of IP packets are exchanged and updated, without disclosure to third parties.

Inverse Multiplexing over ATM (IMA) IMA is a standard for cost-effective deployment of ATM wide-area network technology. Inverse Multiplexing over ATM (IMA)provides the means to configure a number of E1/DS1 or J1 flows to form a larger bandwidth connection between two

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ATM switching nodes. A general restriction is that the flows being part of the same IMA group must be provided by ports located on the same board. IMA is supported on ET-MC1 and ET-MC41.

IP and ARP over ATM ”IP and ARP over ATM” is a RFC for internetworking IP and ATM. For more information see RFC 2225.

IP Bearer Control Protocol (IPBCP) The setting up of IP bearer connections towards IP core network is done using IP Bearer Control Protocol, which is tunneled via GCP in the GCP package Bearer Control Tunneling. IPBCP is based on ITU-T Q.1970.

IP Security Gateway (IPSec GW)

Logical node used for interoperability with non-IPSec devices. It is used when a host that runs IPSec communicates with a server that does not have IPSec support. In this case, the tunneling mode of the IPSec Protocol is used.

IP Security Protocol (IPSec) Suite of protocols by which the use of pre-packet encryption and authentication can be negotiated. IPSec does not imply any particular encryption or authentication algorithm, or cryptographic key length. Cryptographic keys can be either pre-shared or determined by the Internet Key Exchange Protocol.

Iu Interconnection point between an Radio Network Subsystem and a Core Network. It is also considered as a reference point. Denotation for UMTS interface in 3GPP standards.

Iu Bearer Bearer used over the WCDMA RAN CN interface (Iu layer 2). Three types of bearer are defined:

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Dedicated Iu bearer used by Radio Access Bearers. ◦

signalling, connection-oriented Iu bearer used by SCCP.◦

signalling, connectionless Iu bearer used by SCCP.◦

Iu Control Plane Connection Connection used for control signalling between WCDMA RAN and a CN.

Iu-c User Plane Connection Connection used for CS services between WCDMA RAN and a CS CN.

Iu-interface Defines the payload framing used in the communication between the WCDMA RNCsand M-MGw.

IuUP IuUP is a framing protocol used between RNC and M-MGw.

Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Provides a runtime environment for Java programs.

Jumper Removable electrical connection or cable, between two points on the same board.

Link Provides for the capability of transferring PDUsbidirectionally between two connecting points.

LLP.LMID The LLP.LMID file controls the start of the LOADER_SERVER_LM load module on the MP.

Load Module

All code and data required to create a program. The code is linked, but relocatable. The data includes program constants, initialized program variables, and environmental variables. The Load module is handled as a file.

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Local Distinguished Name (LDN) Name of a managed object (MO) relative to the root MO in the node. LDN is unique within the node.

Local File System

File system that mainly has the function of importing and exporting data to and from a server. Application data is not kept in the local file system.

Logical Channel Information stream dedicated to the transfer of a specific type of information over the interface.

M3UA Association

An M3UA association refers to an SCTP association. The M3UA association provides the transport for the delivery of MTP3-User protocol data units and M3UA adaptation layer peer messages. M3UA manages the SCTP transport associations and traffic between an SGw and IP-SEP, or between two IP-SEPs.

Main Processor (MP) Role that a certain processor can have in the system. MPs form a cluster that contributes to the node's robustness and executes the central intelligence of the node's application.

Main Processor Cluster (MPC) An execution platform built of a number of Main Processors.

Managed Component (MC) Grouping of software that allows the system administrator to perform the following operations: Monitor, Start, Restart, Stop; order logging and tracing; and the defining of parameters. It is the smallest unit that can be deployed on separate hosts, and is equivalent to the following: one JVM or one CORBA server.

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Managed Object (MO) Abstract view of a resource that is subject to management. A managed object is defined in terms of the attributes it possesses, operations it may perform, notifications it may issue, and interactions it may have with other managed objects.

Managed Object Model (MOM) The MO classes, their attributes, and the relationships between the classes are defined in an MOM. Other information such as cardinality, initial values, mandatory information, value ranges, and relationships between managed objects are also described.

Management Component Group

Set of MCs that the system administrator can start and stop as one entity. Common instance parameters can be configured for an MC group. MC groups are used to define a set of instances handling a segment or a region.

Management Component Servant Object implementing the MC interfaces.

Management Information Base (MIB) Instantiation of an MIM. The MIB contains all the managed objects and the relations between them.

Management Information Model (MIM) A representation of the MOM in XML format, installed on the node. Based on the MIM, external management systems know how to access the management information in the node.

Mb-Interface Mb-interface defines user plane interface of IM-MGw in IMS network.

Mc-interface Interface between MGC and MGw.

Measurement Based Admission Control (MBAC) Measurement Based Admission Control (MBAC)is an optional feature for

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measuring network performance in order to make admission control decisions. M-MGw detects congestion by monitoring the packet stream. Packet loss or Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) marking of packets are interpreted as indications of congestion. If M-MGw detects that the packet drop rate is above a configured threshold, it will start blocking call bearer setup attempts between itself and the concerned remote site, until the packet drop rate has decreased below the threshold. When the estimate is above a configurable threshold value, the bearer setup attempts are rejected towards the appropriate remote site until the rate has decreased below the threshold. MBAC packet loss counting parameters are defined in MgwApplication MO (QoS). Emergency calls override the MBAC and are always accepted.

Media Gateway (MGw) Media Gateway converts media provided in one type of network to the format used in another type of network.

Media Gateway Controller (MGC) The entity that requests services from M-MGw using the Gateway Control Protocol. Sometimes also called as MSC Server.

Media Stream Channel

The transmission of a media stream between an MGw and another node requires a media stream channel between the nodes. Media stream channel corresponds thus to for example a TDM time slot or an AAL2 connection.

A normal two party call thus uses 2 media stream channels in an MGw. A four

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party conference call uses 4 media stream channels. A call for listening to a recorded weather forecast (recording stored in the MGw) uses 1 media stream channel.

The Simultaneous Call Capacity (SCC) which is licensed by operator corresponds to roughly half the number of media stream channels because most of the traffic consists of two party calls.

The media stream channel concept is not coupled with the used media stream bandwidth. The bandwidth of media stream channel depends on the usage such as for example PCM coded speech over TDM or AMR coded speech over AAL2 connection.

An AAL2 transit connection (not controlled by GCP) is not considered a media stream in the licensing context and is not subject to licensing.

Metadata

Term generally used in the CORBA specification, which denotes the information contained in the IDL specification. By enquiring a metadata repository, an application can dynamically issue requests to objects without requiring IDL interface-specific stubs to be linked in. Similar information is also acquired for managed objects, and then stored in the MIM.

M-MGw Node Manager (NM) The M-MGw Node Manager is a web-based client application, which provides graphical user interface for management of single node. This includes alarm management, configuration, backup, logging, and

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maintenance of hardware and software.

Mn-Interface Mn-interface defines control plane interface between MGCF and IM-MGw for controlling connections for CS-IMS interworking.

Module Several instances of applications that handle all the functions for a certain part of the network.

MO-script MO-scripts are text files that contain MO related CREATE, SET and ACTION statements plus parameters for the attributes.

Multihomed

Having two or more network connections to the same type of network. For example, a server may have two or more connections to the LAN in order to improve performance. A server may also provide service to two distinct LAN segments that are not allowed to communicate with each other. Connecting a network to two ISPs for fault tolerance is also called multihoming

Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) Multiplex Section Protection protects the STM-1 interface against link failures.

Multiprotocol Encapsulation over AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) is able to carry protocols over ATM network. There is two different methods to do this. The first method allows the multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit and is called logical link control (LLC)encapsulation. The second method describes how each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual circuit (VC) and is known as VC-based multiplexing. The protocols are then transmitted over an ATM

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network using either switched virtual circuits (SVCs) or permanent virtual circuits (PVCs).

Name Server

Name server in CPP, which is used for publishing tasks and servers of the MPC. It provides the possibility for software on any processor to find a process of the MPC, regardless of which processor currently executes the process.

Nb-interface Interface between two MGw nodes.

NbUP NbUP is a framing protocol based on IuUP. NbUP is used between two Media Gateways.

NCLI Command File

The NCLI Command File is a script file containing NCLI commands. Using the NCLI Command File makes it possible to enable batch processing and perform mass configuration in a controlled way.

Network Element (NE) A physical node in a network.

Network Management System (NMS) System that manages more than one subnetwork.

Network Time Protocol (NTP) Network Time Protocol is a protocol that is used to synchronize computer clock times in a network of computers.

Node Command Line Interface (NCLI) NCLI is an M-MGw feature that enables users to configure Managed Objects (MOs) of an M-MGw node with a Command Line Interface.

Notification

Transport of events from event producer to consumer. Notifications can be used to carry general event messages, alarms, performance data, or value changes from the system to the actor. As soon as there are new events, the

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producer sends them to the consumer.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) OSPF is a link-state routing protocol. It is designed to be run in a single Autonomous System. Each OSPF router maintains an identical database describing the Autonomous System's topology. From this database, a routing table is calculated by constructing a shortest-path tree.

Operation Support System for Radio and Core (OSS-RC) The Operation Support System for Radio and Core is a common network management system for UTRAN, UMTS circuit-switched core network, UMTS packet switched core network and GSM core network.

ORB Threading

Threading model that has a dedicated reader thread serving each connection and a pool of worker threads. On request, one worker thread is allocated from the pool and scheduled to serve the request. If there is no free worker thread, the request is queued.

Path MTU Discovery

Path MTU Discovery is a RFC which describes a technique for dynamically discovering the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of an arbitrary internet path. For more information see RFC 1191.

PCM System Number

The PCM System Number is the unique identifier for the TDM Termination Group, and is used with the time slot number to create the TDM termination Id.

Performance Event Handler

Informs the user about the availability of performance events. When the performance event handler receives a performance notification either from a

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server application or from a performance event handler in another node, it distributes the event to all users that have a subscription to that event.

Performance Event Subscription List

For every new performance event user in a node, a new performance event subscription is created in the performance event handler. Besides performance event subscriptions, the performance event handler also has an object called the performance event subscription list, which contains a list of all performance event subscribers.

Performance Management (PM) Counter Performance measurements in M-MGw are based on PM counters. The M-MGw uses the following types of PM counters:

-Gauge: Indicates as an absolute value the amount of certain resources in use at the end of the performance measurement period. Gauges are stepped both up and down. Gauges will never roll over. Sometimes gauges are also referred to as level counters.

- Peg: Indicates the number of occurred events. Peg counters are always stepped upwards. The absolute value increase of a peg counter during a measurement period is calculated from the difference of the counter value at the end of this measurement period subtracted by the counter value at the end of the previous performance measurement period. Peg counters roll over when their maximum value is

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exceeded. For 31–bit counters the roll over value is 2,147,483,647.

Performance Monitoring Scheduled scanning of measurement attributes in the network.

Performance Notification

When a performance event occurs, the server application sends a performance notification to the Performance Event Handler.

Performance Recording

Allows the Performance Management user to create subscriptions to predefined event groupings, such as Mobile Traffic Recording and Cell Traffic Recording.

Performance Statistics

Allows the Performance Management user to create subscriptions to predefined counters, counter groups, thresholds, and related alarms at node and network level.

Performance Statistics Subscription List

For every new Performance Statistics subscriber in a node, a new Performance Statistics subscription is created in the Performance Statistics application. Besides the Performance Statistics subscriptions, the Performance Statistics application also has an object called Performance Statistics subscription list, which contains a list of all the Performance Statistics subscriptions.

Physical Element Management Management of a physical node. Physical Element Management is applicable only to the Equipment view of the system.

Planned Configuration

Allows for virtual network planning, using the same tools as for real network planning, without disturbing real network operation. A planned configuration has a name, and contains

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information about when it is created. It can also contain other kinds of configuration information.

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) PDH is a multiplexing technology that allows multiple 2-Mbit/s channels to be bit interleaved. The interleaving is controlled by the information bits. The receiver discards these bits once the signals have been demultiplexed.

Presentation Layer Provides the interface to the external WCDMA RAN system actors. It also provides data presentation and operator interaction.

Process Smallest, separately executable part in an OSE Delta system. It has a priority level, a mail box, and an execution state.

Processing Gain (PG) Ratio of transmitted bandwidth to information bandwidth.

Product Package Set of functions, features, services, or characteristics carrying a customer value. An item that Ericsson licenses.

Program Executing code in a load module, when it is executing. It is made up of one or several processes.

Q.2630 Specific transport signalling protocol used to set up and release AAL2 transport bearers. Q.2630 is often also referred as Q.AAL2.

Q.AAL2 Specific transport signalling protocol used to set up and release AAL2 transport bearers. Q.AAL2 is often also referred as Q.2630.

Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) The Real-Time Transport Protocol is an Internet protocol standard that specifies a way for programs to manage the real-time transmission of

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multimedia data over either unicast or multicast network services.

RebootNodeUpgrade

This method makes an upgrade of the whole node at the same time. All kinds of SW on all boards can be changed by means of a node restart. Prior to the restart, all reconfigurations have been done and stored in the database which is saved to the disk for availability at the node restart.

RebootPiuUpgrade (RebootPlugInUnitUpgrade)

By using this method it is possible to upgrade SW on selected boards in the node. If several or all boards are to be upgraded, it can be made in a sequence so that no complete system outage is perceived.

Relative Distinguished Name (RDN) Name of a managed object (MO) which is unique relative to its nearest parent in the MO naming tree.

Relay Device capable of receiving and transmitting information for another user.

Relaying Process of receiving and transmitting information for another user.

Remote Site

The remote site is identified by comparing a selectable part of an IP address, which has been configured in the M-MGw as identifying a network, with the remote IP address which is received via control plane during bearer setup negotiation. This part of the IP address would typically identify the subnet at the remote site. The part of the IP address that is used for the site identification, the "site mask", is configurable in the M-MGw.

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Repeater Device that receives a signal and amplifies it for retransmission at the Physical layer.

Replaceable Unit Device boards, fans, subracks, cabinets, and processor boards.

Resource Access Resource access owns and controls all media stream devices. There are two types of resource accesses, IMRA and GRA.

Resources Objects for management. For applications, the system resources are represented as managed objects.

Result Output Period (ROP) A Granularity Period (GP)specifies how often a performance statistics file (XML) is produced. This period is referred to as a Result Output Period (ROP). Thus the ROP interval is 5 minutes, 15 minutes or 60 minutes according to the GP.

Roaming Process in which a UE registers and receives services in a PLMN other than its home PLMN.

Rollback

A method that allows the system to recover to the previous version of the software automatically in case of unsuccessful software upgrade.

Route Parameter Group

Route parameter group is a container for route parameter sets, thus defining the characteristics of the MSF devices used in TDM group. It may be associated with one or more TDM Termination Groups.

Route Parameter Set A set of route parameters for one device type.

Router Network layer relaying or routing device; for example, an IP router used for routing of IP packages. Routers shift packets from

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one interface or port to another and make only minimal modifications to the packets themselves.

Run Command File

The Run Command File is an application in Node Manager which is used for executing configuration MO-scripts which configure the node.

Scanner

To be able to collect PM statistics from M-MGw, PM counters are grouped into scanners. A scanner is a small program used to periodically collect the values of a predefined set of PM counters and dump the collected PM statistics in an XML file.

Schema

Set of managed object classes, with properties and associations that are applicable to a given context. The schema is represented by the MIM.

SCTP Association

A protocol relationship between SCTP endpoints, composed of the two SCTP endpoints and protocol state information including Verification Tags and the currently active set of Transmission Sequence Numbers (TSNs), and so on. An association can be uniquely identified by the transport addresses used by the endpoints in the association. Two SCTP endpoints must not have more than one SCTP association between them at any given time.

SCTP Endpoint

The logical sender or receiver of SCTP packets. On a multi-homed host, an SCTP endpoint is represented to its peers as a combination of a set of eligible destination transport addresses to which SCTP packets can be

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sent and a set of eligible source transport addresses from which SCTP packets can be received. All transport addresses used by an SCTP endpoint must use the same port number, but can use multiple IP addresses. A transport address used by an SCTP endpoint must not be used by another SCTP endpoint. In other words, a transport address is unique to an SCTP endpoint.

Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) SFTP is a protocol for transferring files securely between hosts in a network.

Secure Shell (SSH) SSH is a network protocol that allows establishing a secure channel between a local and a remote computer. SSH provides confidentiality and integrity of data exchanged between the two computers using encryption and message authentication codes (MACs).

Secure Socket Layer (SSL) A security protocol that provides authentication, integrity and encryption services between two communicating applications.

Segment

Part of the software that is memory protected as one piece. If you suspect memory violation and you want to restart that software, a segment is the smallest piece of code that is used to restart. A segment can hold one program.

Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR) Segmentation and Reassembly is one of the two sublayers of AAL. It is responsible for segmentation and reassembly of the higher layer PDUs.

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Service Access Point (SAP) Point at which a user accesses a connection in the Service layer. The SAP provides the user with the means to access one or several concurrent connections.

Service Layer

Provides a task-oriented support for the management of the system resources. A service in the Service layer is called a service object.

Service Object Service in the Service layer, which is typically a CORBA object.

Service Specific Convergence Sublayer (SSCS) SSCS is service dependent. SSCS provides services such as assured data transmission based on retransmissions. Converge Sublayer is divided into two parts: Service Specific part (SSCS) and Common Part (CPCS).

Session Message sequence between two users that occurs as a sequence in some larger transaction.

Session Servant Object created by the factory when a client connects. It then handles all client requests during the session.

Signalling Connection The connection used to carry signalling traffic.

Signalling Gateway (SGW) signalling Gateway performs conversions between different signalling transport technologies.

Signalling Link (SL) The SS7 signalling channel between two signalling terminals, SP (Signalling Point) or STP (Signalling Transfer Point), is identified as a signalling link.

Signalling Link Set One or more SL (Signalling Links) between SP (Signalling Point) or STP (Signalling Transfer Point)

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are identified as a Signalling Link Set.

Signalling Point (SP) A Signalling Point is a node in the SS7 network. It is either the originating or terminating point.

Signalling Route (SR) A predetermined path described by a succession of signalling points that may be transversed by signalling messages directed by a SP (Signalling Point) towards a specific destination point.

Signalling Route Set

The combination of all the permitted SR (Signalling Route) that may be used to pass signalling messages from a SP (Signalling Point) to a specific destination.

Single Logon

Once a user is identified, authenticated, and granted the right to log on to O&M applications, there is no further need to log on to the specific applications executing in the network elements. From an administrator's perspective, all access rights can be managed from a central point, and there is no need to log on every object to change its security setting.

Single Logon Server (SLS) Logical node supporting single logon functionality.

Special-purpose Processor Processor that is dedicated to application processing and generally also to user plane-oriented processing.

Specified Product Package

Unique string of ordering parameters, output from PCAT once the Product Package selection is made based on the customer order.

Standard Module

Unique set of one or more products that is preconfigured, pretested, and pre-engineered for use in assembly and supply, to fulfill a customer order.

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Static Admission Control (SAC) Static Admission Control (SAC) calculates the currently allocated bandwidth for all media channels that use IP payload transmission. Bandwidth amount summation is done for each IP call setup and bandwidth subtraction is done for each IP call release. If the node has exceeded the maximum bandwidth value, the call setup is not allowed until the used bandwidth is again decreased below the threshold limit. The meaning of the SAC feature is to limit the total IP traffic out/in from the M-MGw node to the operator configurable maximum limit. Emergency calls override the Static Admission Control and are always accepted.

Structured/Channelized Interfaces

Structured/channelized interfaces are physical interfaces in CPP. Physical interfaces in CPP can be divided into categories: Unstructured interfaces and structured/channelized interfaces. In the structured/channelized interface, one physical interface contains several logical physical interfaces.

Subnetwork

Network within the core network system, such as M-MGw or GPRS, that is managed by several administrative nodes or sites.

Switch

System used for establishing paths and switching data from one inlet to one or several outlets. One example is an ATM switch used for switching of ATM cells.

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Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) SDH specifies how payload data is framed and transported synchronously across optical fiber transmission links without requiring all the links and nodes to have the same synchronized clock for data transmission and recovery.

TDM Cross-connect

TDM cross-connect means establishment of a semi permanent connection between two 64 Kbit/s timeslots on any TDM ET in the M-MGw. In the M-MGw,TDM cross-connect functionality is typically used for transporting signalling channels through the M-MGw towards the MSC server.

TDM Termination Group

TDM Termination Group is a grouping of TDM Termination Ids on the same physical ET port. There can be from one to 32 terminations configured per group. Typically one TDM Termination group is one DS0 Bundle.

Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) TDM is a method of putting multiple data streams in a single signal by separating the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration. Each individual data stream is reassembled at the receiving end based on the timing.

Telnet

Telnet is TCP/IP based application protocol that enables a terminal to interact with a program that is running in another computer.

Termination

A termination defined in GCP is a logical entity that sources and/or sinks media streams. A termination is described by a number of characterizing properties,

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which are grouped in a set of descriptors that are included in commands. Terminations have unique identities (TerminationsIDs) assigned by the Media Gateway at the time of their creation. Termination is a logical representation of a resource.

Thin Client Web-based client application interface.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) TCP is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network.

Traffic Intensity The instantaneous traffic intensity in a pool of resources at given instant of time.

Traffic Descriptor Traffic Descriptor describes the traffic parameters of ATM connection.

Transport Address

A Transport Address is traditionally defined by Network Layer address, Transport Layer protocol and Transport Layer port number. In the case of SCTP running over IP, atransport address is defined by the combination of an IP address and an SCTP port number (where SCTP is the Transport protocol).

Transport Layer Security (TLS) A security protocol that provides privacy and data integrity between two communicating applications. Authentication feature is optional.

User Equipment (UE) User Equipment is a WCDMA Mobile station.

Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) Unspecified Bit Rate is an ATM service category which does not specify traffic related service guarantees.

Unspecified Bit Rate+ (UBR+) UBR+ guarantees a certain bandwidth. If higher

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bandwidth is used it will be handled as UBR.

Unstructured Interfaces

Unstructured interfaces are physical interfaces in CPP.Physical interfaces in CPP can be divided into categories: Unstructured interfaces and Structured/channelized interfaces. In the unstructured interface the client traffic is mapped into one fixed bandwidth pipe.

Update

Update is a type of upgrade wich only updates the HW related configuration. It re-configures the node PiuType MOs, Repertoire MOs and RPU MOs according to the corresponding UCF. The purpose is to enable introduction of new hardware without causing any restarts, except on the added HW.

Upgrade

Node SW is upgraded from one release to a higher release. Typically this means introduction of new functionality and support for new HW but it can also mean correction of existing functionality.

Upgrade Control File (UCF) The Upgrade Control File holds the instructions for corresponding UP on how to upgrade the system to related SW release. This includes the upgrade sequences, SW configuration information on board level and information of all SW to be loaded on the boards, including the AUEs. The UCF contains dedicated sequences for all supported from states and upgrade types. Each sequence holds information of how the upgrade shall proceed, what AUEs to start and when to send activating triggers to the upgrade actors.

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Upgrade Package (UP) The upgrade Package is a container in which all SW for a related release is included. The UP also includes dedicated instructions for the automatic upgrade process. These are found in a file called UCF.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) User Datagram Protocol is a communications protocol that offers a limited amount of service when messages are exchanged between computers in a network that uses the Internet Protocol. UDP is an alternative to the Transmission Control Protocol.

Variable Message

A variable message is an interactive message whose meaning is determined in the exchange, but whose actual contents is determined during each call using that message.

Virtual Channel (Virtual Circuit) (VC) A Virtual Channel is a logical channel created to ensure reliable communication between two network devices. Virtual circuits are created dynamically or they are permanent. Virtual circuits are used in ATM.Each Virtual Channel (VC)goes through one or number of Virtual Paths. Virtual path also groups Virtual Channels.

Virtual Channel Connection (VCC) Virtual Channel Connection is a logical circuit that carries data between two end points in an ATM network. VCC is build up of VCLs.

Virtual Channel Cross-Connection

Virtual Channel Cross-Connection is a virtual channel connection routed through an ATM switch. Virtual Channel routing is carried out either at VC cross-connect or switch.

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Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) The VPI and VCI fields represent the routing information within the ATM cell.

Virtual Channel Link (VCL) Virtual Channel Link is a connection between two ATM devices. A VCC is build up of one or more VCLs.

Virtual Container (VC) Virtual Container is a data package. Virtual Containers are used in SDH and they are carried in SDH payload.

Virtual Path (VP) A virtual path is a logical path between two network elements. Virtual path groups Virtual Channels. Virtual paths are used in ATM. One STM-1 / OC-3 link is divided into a number of Virtual Paths.

Virtual Path Connection (VPC) Virtual Path Connection groups Virtual Channel Connections.

Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) The VPI and VCI fields represent the routing information within the ATM cell.

Virtual Path Link (VPL) Within a virtual path, a group of unidirectional VCLswith the same end points. Grouping VCLs into VPLsreduces the number of connections to be managed, thereby decreasing network control overhead and cost. A VPC is made up of one or more VPLs.

Virtual Media Gateway (VMGw) A physical Media Gateway may be partitioned into one or more Virtual Media Gateways. Each of the virtual Media Gateways appears to the MGC as a complete Media Gateway client.

VMGw Pool

A VMGw pool can contain one or more VMGws. Each VMGw pool runs on a different General Purpose Processor Board (GPB), which enables efficient processor usage and

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redundant system architecture. Each VMGw is assigned to a VMGw pool.

VoIP-Interface

VoIP-interface is a common term covering user plane interface of IM-MGw in IMS network and a user plane interface between MGw and external IP based wireline network or PLMN.

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