Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Overview...• Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) – LROC will acquire targeted images of the lunar surface capable of resolving small-scale

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Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Overview

4/13/2005

Craig Tooley

2NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005

2008 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)First Step in the Robotic Lunar Exploration Program

Robotic Lunar Exploration ProgramRobotic Lunar Exploration Program

LRO Objectives

• Characterization of the lunar radiation environment, biological impacts, and potential mitigation. Key aspects of this objective include determining the global radiation environment, investigating the capabilities of potential shielding materials, and validating deep space radiation prototype hardware and software.

• Develop a high resolution global, three dimensional geodetic grid of the Moon and provide the topography necessary for selecting future landing sites.

• Assess in detail the resources and environments of the Moon’s polar regions.

• High spatial resolution assessment of the Moon’s surface addressing elemental composition, mineralogy, and Regolith characteristics



Develop an understanding of the Moon in support of human exploration (hazards, topography, navigation, environs)

Understand the current state and evolution of the volatiles (ice) and other resources in context

Biological adaptation to lunar environment (radiation, gravitation, dust...)

GEOLOGY

Environs

Prepare for Human Exploration

When • Where • Form • Amount

Topography & Environments

Polar Regions

Human adaptation

ICE

(R

esou

rces

)

LRO Mission OverviewScience and Exploration Objectives



Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Mission

LRO Payload

• Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) Measurement Investigation – LOLA will determine the global topography of the lunar surface at high resolution, measure landing site slopes and search for polar ices in shadowed regions.

• Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) – LROC will acquire targeted images of the lunar surface capable of resolving small-scale features that could be landing site hazards, as well as wide-angle images at multiple wavelengths of the lunar poles to document changing illumination conditions and potential resources.

• Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) – LEND will map the flux of neutrons from the lunar surface to search for evidence of water ice and provide measurements of the space radiation environment which can be useful for future human exploration.

• Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment – Diviner will map the temperature of the entire lunar surface at 300 meter horizontal scales to identify cold-traps and potential ice deposits.

• Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) – LAMP will observe the entire lunar surface in the far ultraviolet. LAMP will search for surface ices and frosts in the polar regions and provide images of permanently shadowed regions illuminated only by starlight.

• Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) – CRaTER will investigate the effect of galactic cosmic rays on tissue-equivalent plastics as a constraint on models of biological response to background space radiation.

LRO Conceptual Design

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

4/6 FBO

6/18AO Release

12/22AO Select

7/15 PDR 10/15Confirm

6/15 CDR 10/15Instrument

Delivery

10/15 LRD4/2 MOR

12/3 PER 7/15 MRR

LRO Timeline2009

11/15 EOM

ExtendedMission

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

4/6 FBO

6/18AO Release

12/22AO Select

7/15 PDR 10/15Confirm

6/15 CDR 10/15Instrument

Delivery

10/15 LRD4/2 MOR

12/3 PER 7/15 MRR

LRO Timeline20092009

11/15 EOM

ExtendedMission



LRO Mission OverviewLRO Payload – Instruments & Data Products

1000’s of 50cm/pixel images (125km2), and entire Moon at 100m in UV, Visible

Landing hazards and

some resources

LROC

~50 m scale polar topography at < 1 m vertical, roughness

Precision, safe navigation (3D)

LOLA

Maps of water ice in upper 1 m of Moon at

5km scales

Ice in regolithdown to 1 m ?

LEND

Maps of frosts in permanently

shadowed areas, etc.

Frosts? “atmosphere”?

LAMP

300m scale maps of Temperature, surface

ice, rocks

Surface temperatures

Diviner

Tissue equivalent response to radiation

Shielding constraints

CRaTER

DeliverablesBenefitInstrument

1000’s of 50cm/pixel images (125km2), and entire Moon at 100m in UV, Visible

Landing hazards and

some resources

LROC

~50 m scale polar topography at < 1 m vertical, roughness

Precision, safe navigation (3D)

LOLA

Maps of water ice in upper 1 m of Moon at

5km scales

Ice in regolithdown to 1 m ?

LEND

Maps of frosts in permanently

shadowed areas, etc.

Frosts? “atmosphere”?

LAMP

300m scale maps of Temperature, surface

ice, rocks

Surface temperatures

Diviner

Tissue equivalent response to radiation

Shielding constraints

CRaTER

DeliverablesBenefitInstrument

(BU+MIT)

(UCLA)

(SWRI)

(Russia)

(GSFC)

(NWU+MSSS)



LRO Addresses National Academy Science Priorities for the Moon (NRC Decadal, 2002)

Sub-meter imaging of Apollo sites for flux validation and

siting

Imaging and in situ

geochronology

Targeted Studies to Calibrate Impact Flux(chronology)

100m scale multispectral and 5km scale H mapping

Orbital hyperspectral

mapping

Global Mineralogical Mapping (crustal evolution)

Crustal structure to optimize siting and landing safety

In situ landed stations with

seismometers

Geophysical Network(interior evolution)

Neutron and IR spectroscopy in 3D context + UV (frosts)

Spectroscopy and other from orbit

Polar VolatileInventory

Sub-meter scale imaging with derived local topography

Imaging, topography (at m

scales)

Local Geologic StudiesIn 3D (geol. Evolution)

Global geodetic topography at ~100m scales (< 1m rms)

Altimetry from orbit (with

precision orbits)

Geodetic Topography(crustal evolution)

How LRO treatsNRC approachNRC Priority Investigation



LRO Project Initial Evolution• RLE program and LRO project came into existence at GSFC nearly simultaneously with the ORDT

held in March 2004.– ORDT defined prioritized exploration supporting measurements sets that became the basis of

the payload AO

• Primary focus during Spring and Summer 2004 was performing technical definition necessary to release the AO and beginning the technical trade studies to define the mission.

– Core spacecraft technical team brought on-board (part time) to develop enveloping requirements based on ORDT strawman payloads

– Skeleton Program and Project infrastructure put in place

• During the Fall of 2004 the project and technical staffing began to ramp up as key conceptual studies were conducted.

– Draft LRO requirements flowed down from NASA ESMD/SMD to be definitized based on the selected payload.

• Instrument payload selected December 22, 2004.– GSFC authorizing instrument development pre-contract cost expenditures beginning the week

of January 10th . Phase A/B contracts to be in place within 60 days.– Kick-off meeting held at GSFC January 12-14th

• Mission PDR planned for July 27, 2005



• Launch on a Delta II class rocket into a direct insertion trajectory to the moon.

• On-board propulsion system used to capture at the moon, insert into and maintain 50 km altitude circular polar reconnaissance orbit.

• 1 year mission• Orbiter is a 3-axis stabilized, nadir

pointed spacecraft designed to operate continuously during the primary mission.

• LRO is designed to be capable of performing an extended mission of up to 4 additional years in a low maintenance orbit.

LRO Mission OverviewFlight Plan – Direct using 3-Stage ELV

Solar Rotating Coordinates

Earth

Moon at encounter

Cis-lunar transfer5.1978 day transferLaunch C3 –2.07 km2/s2

1-dayLunar Orbit

Sun direction

Nominal Cis-lunar Trajectory

Cis-Lunar Transfer

12-hour orbit

6-hour orbit

100 and 50kmmission orbits

Insertion and CircularizationImpulsive Vs (m/s)

1 – 344.242 – 113.063 – 383.914 – 11.455 – 12.18



LRO Mission OverviewOrbiter

Space Segment Design

LRO Preliminary Configuration

Preliminary System Block Diagram

SOLAR ARRAY

HGA

INSTRUMENTS

SERVICE MODULE

575 Gb/dayMeasurement Data Volume

600 WPower ( bus orbit ave.)

1257 kgMass

Preliminary LRO Characteristics

LRO SystemsBlock Diagram

3-22-05

________________Approved

S-Xpndr

Ka-XmtrHGAHi-Rate

Tlm

Low-RateCmds & Tlm

Battery

PP

Propellant TankPropellant Tank

PP

RRRR

NCNCPressurantTank

PPNCNC

Pro

pu

lsio

n

PP

Propellant TankPropellant Tank

PP

RRRR

NCNCPressurantTank

PPNCNC

Pro

pu

lsio

n

Discretes

MIL-STD-1553 Network

SBC

Thermal

HK / IO

SSR

C&DH

Comm

Po

wer B

us

ST(2)

IMU

CSS(8)

LAMP

LROC

LOLA

LAMP Sci. & HK

LVPC

HGAGimbals

PSE

SAM

Sw. andUnsw.

+28V PwrServices

OM

PMC

OM

OM

Gimbal Ctl

Prop/Dep-A

Prop/Dep-B

Prop/Dep-C

Prop/Dep-D

Gimbal CtlPDE

SA & HGDeploy

Actuation

Omnis

IRW(4)

ThermistorsClosed Loop HtrsHeat Pump LoopC&DH LVPC HK

SpaceWireNetwork

LEND

Diviner

CRaTER

H/W DecodedCommandDiscretes

Unsw. + 28V

SAGimbals

Solar Array

SAGimbals

Solar ArraySolar Array

Power Management Controller

PMC

Power System ElectronicsPSE

Solar ArraySA

Solar Array ModuleSAM

Star TrackerST

Single Board ComputerSBC

Solid State RecorderSSR

TransmitterXmtr

TransponderXpndr

Propulsion Deployable Electronics

PDE

Output ModuleOM

Low Voltage Power Converter

LVPC

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera

LROC

Lunar Orbiter Laser AltimeterLOLA

Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector

LEND

Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project

LAMP

Integrated Reaction WheelIRW

Integrated Momentum UnitIMU

Input/OutputIO

HousekeepingHK

HardwareH/W

High-Gain AntennaHGA

Engine Valve DriverEVD

Coarse Sun SensorCSS

Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation

CRaTER

CommunicationsComm

Command & Data HandlingC&DH

Power Management Controller

PMC

Power System ElectronicsPSE

Solar ArraySA

Solar Array ModuleSAM

Star TrackerST

Single Board ComputerSBC

Solid State RecorderSSR

TransmitterXmtr

TransponderXpndr

Propulsion Deployable Electronics

PDE

Output ModuleOM

Low Voltage Power Converter

LVPC

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera

LROC

Lunar Orbiter Laser AltimeterLOLA

Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector

LEND

Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project

LAMP

Integrated Reaction WheelIRW

Integrated Momentum UnitIMU

Input/OutputIO

HousekeepingHK

HardwareH/W

High-Gain AntennaHGA

Engine Valve DriverEVD

Coarse Sun SensorCSS

Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation

CRaTER

CommunicationsComm

Command & Data HandlingC&DH



• LRO Ground System and Mission Operations concepts are established

LRO Mission Overview Ground System

LRO Operations Synopsis •3x 45 min of Ka-band downlink/day• Near continuous S-band Tracking 30min/orbit (near-side) • Plan 1 command upload/day• Orbit adjust required every ~ 4 weeks• MOC routes Level 0 data to PI SOCs

• SOCs deliver to PDS• MOC maintains short term archive

Ground NetworkS-Band StationKa-Band StationS-Band CMD/TLMNetworkS-Band TelemetryLRO R-TCommandsS-Band TrackingDataKa-BandScienceDataCFDPStatusInformation/AckMission Operations Center(GSFC)Real-TimeTelemetry & ControlLevel –0Data ProcessingTrending OperationsMission PlanningData StorageFlight Dynamics (GSFC)AttitudeOrbitNavigationS-Band Tracking DataData DistributionSystemFlight DynamicsProductsSpacecraftDataS-Band TelemetryKa-Band ScienceDataS-Band CommandsCFDP Status Information/AckInstrumentScienceCentersLevel-0 ScienceDataScience PlanningProductsLevel –0 ScienceDataScience Planning ProductsPlanetary Data System(Geosciences Node)Processed ScienceProductsProcessed Science ProductsLRO Ground Data System ArchitectureLRO Ka-Band D/L: 125 MbpsLRO S-Band D/L: 100 kbps / 100 kbpsS-Band Data includes R-T HSK Data Ka-Band Data includes all Science data packets and stored HSKPlan 1 command upload per dayNear continuous tracking 30 min per hourR/T HSK?Ka-Band TLM

LRO Ground Network Baseline Configuration

• 18m KA/S station at White Sands• 2 X Upgraded S-Band Stations situated for continuous coverage• Additional S-band STDN back-ups



Developing & Executing the MissionProject Organization

CommunicationJ. Soloff


MechanicalG. Rosanova


C&DHQ. Nguyen

C&DHQ. Nguyen

Electrical R. Kinder


GN&C Systems

E. Holmes

GN&C Systems

E. Holmes

PropulsionC. Zakrzwski


GN&C HardwareJ. Simspon


ACS AnalysisJ. Garrick


Flight DynamicsM. Beckman

D. Folta


D. Folta

PowerT. Spitzer

PowerT. Spitzer

SoftwareM. Blau

SoftwareM. Blau

500500500 500500500500 500 500 500 500

ThermalC. Baker

ThermalC. Baker

500





C&DHQ. Nguyen

C&DHQ. Nguyen



GN&C Systems

E. Holmes

GN&C Systems

E. Holmes








D. Folta


D. Folta

PowerT. Spitzer

PowerT. Spitzer

SoftwareM. Blau

SoftwareM. Blau

500500500 500500500500 500 500 500 500

ThermalC. Baker

ThermalC. Baker

500

GDSR. Saylor

GDSR. Saylor

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)

Project MangerC. Tooley

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)

Project MangerC. Tooley

400

Procurement Manager

TBD

Contracting OfficerJulie Janus

Procurement Manager

TBD

Contracting OfficerJulie Janus

Systems Assurance ManagerR. Kolecki

Safety ManagerD. Bogart

Manufacturing Engineer

N. Virmani

Materials EngineerP. Joy

Systems Assurance ManagerR. Kolecki

Safety ManagerD. Bogart

Manufacturing Engineer

N. Virmani

Materials EngineerP. Joy

Program DPM(s)/Resources

TBD

Program Financial Manager(s)W. Sluder

Program Resource Analyst(s)

TBD

Program DPM(s)/Resources

TBD

Program Financial Manager(s)W. Sluder

Program Resource Analyst(s)

TBD

Program Support Manager

K. Opperhauser

Program Support Specialist(s)

Program Support Manager

K. Opperhauser

Program Support Specialist(s)

Operations System EngineerR. Saylor

Operations System EngineerR. Saylor

I&T Systems EngineerJ. Baker

I&T Systems EngineerJ. Baker

Payload Systems ManagerA. Bartels

Payload Systems ManagerA. Bartels

Ground Segment Manager

R. Schweiss

Ground Segment Manager

R. Schweiss

Launch Vehicle ManagerT. Jones

Launch Vehicle ManagerT. Jones400 400 400

400

500

200

500

CMD. Yoder

SchedulingA. Eaker

DM

MIS

500

500

Matrixed from Program

LRO Mission Systems Engineer

TBD

LRO Mission Systems Engineer

TBD

Instrument Systems Engineer

J. Baker

Instrument Systems Engineer

J. Baker

General BusinessK. Yoder

Mission FlightEngineer

M. Houghton

Avionics SystemsEngineer

P. Luers

CRaTERD. Spence

CRaTERD. Spence

DivinerD. Paige

DivinerD. Paige

LROCM. Robinson

LROCM. Robinson

LAMP S. Stern

LAMP S. Stern

LENDI. Mitrofanov

LENDI. Mitrofanov

LOLAD. Smith

LOLAD. Smith

SWRINorthwester Univ.UCLA GSFCISR, MoscowBoston Univ.

500

500

300

300 400

400

500

500

LRO Project ScientistG. Chin

LRO Project ScientistG. Chin 600

Spacecraft Systems Engineer

M. Pryzby

Spacecraft Systems Engineer

M. Pryzby

Software/Hardware Systems Engineer

C. Wildermann

Software/Hardware Systems Engineer

C. Wildermann 500

500

300



LRO Mission Schedule

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

1/5/05

LRO Mission Schedule

Task

LRO Mission Milestones

Mission Feasibility Definition

Payload Proposal Development

Payload Preliminary Design

System Definition

S/C &GDS/OPS Preliminary Design

Payload Design (Final)

Spacecraft Design (Final)

GDS/OPS Definition/ Design

Payload Fab/Assy/Test

S/C Fab/Assy/Bus Test

GDS/OPS DevelopmentImplemention & Test

Integration and Test

Launch Site Operations

Mission Operations

AO Sel.

IARs IPDR

PDR

Confirmation

ICDR

CDR

MOR

IPSR

PER

FOR/ORR

MRR

PSR

LRR

LRO Launch

Network Acquisition

Payload complete (Final Delivery to I&T)

S/C complete (Final delivery to I&T)

GND Net Test Ready

Ship to KSC

LRO LAUNCH

AO Release

(1M Float)

S/C Bus

s/c subsys

GDS

s/c subsys

s/csubsys

Payload(1M Float)

(1M Float)

Ver. 0.3

(1M Float)

Key Near Term Events • Project SRR/IAR – April 27-28, 2005• Mission Level 1 Baseline – Late May 05• Mission PDR – July 27, 05

•IPDRs during prior month



What’s Beyond LRO?

Some options…

Beyond LRO?:Exploration of a potential resource:Validation of water iceand in situ biologicalsentinel experiments?

Beyond LRO?:Follow-on to LRO, filling key gaps, including regolith characterization in 3D, far-side gravity, landing site hazards, Telecomm. infrastructure?

Beyond LRO?: potential lunarexperiment returns and demos?

Documents

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Overview...• Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) – LROC will acquire targeted images of the lunar surface capable of resolving small-scale