LTP Listening & Speaking

8/7/2019 LTP Listening & Speaking

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Language skills

Four skills ± L,S,R,W

� Receptive skills

� Productive skills

Receptive skills and productive skills feed off

each other. What we say or write is heavilyinfluenced by what we hear and see.

Harmer,J. (2007)



Listening

Defined as the process of :

� Making sense of spoken learning� Making sense of what they hear

� Making sense of verbal /non-verbal

response



Problems faced by L2 listener



Research using a tech ³Referential communication

paradigm´

Children up to the age of 7 face problems in 3

areas:

1. Listener blamers- blame themselves than the

speaker who use descriptions or message that

are incomplete, confusing or uninformative.

2. Poor at evaluating message.

3. Rarely provide feedback to the speaker.



Training to help young children in listening

Teacher to model effective strategies to:

� Create an awareness of message quality

� Make comparisons and formulate questions

� Make clarifications

� Make specific requests to the speaker



What makes listening difficult?

� Language

� Topic

� Visual support

� Purpose/task

� Context

� Organization of information

� Explicitness of information (redundancy,

sufficiency, referring expressions)

� Processing load

� Group format



Stages in a listening lesson

Pre Listening activity

� Arouse students interest & establish a need or

purpose to listen

� Set up predictions

� Intellectually challenging

� Avoid discussing difficult learning items



While Listening

� Content or the message of the text rather than

the forms

� Exercises should focus on general

comprehension and gist not on students ability to

recall every word

� Exercises should help learners focus on text and

promote understanding by translating mental

knowledge to something more concrete



Post Listening

� Extension work

� Convert the information gathered in while listening

activities to other forms- essay, map, picture, plan, a

diagram etc.

� Procedural drawing for texts on instructions or

processes

� Product drawing for instructions

� Picture strip for a narrative



Teaching the spoken language

Two distinct processes:

1. Speaking to learn

2. Learning to speak



The Role of the teacher

1. Provide conducive situations for learning to take place

2. Plan your teaching

3. Motivate students towards learning

4. Manage your class efficiently

5. Reassure that they are making progress

6. Do not discourage students by your corrections

7. Provide ways for students to best express themselves



Three stages in the Teaching of Speaking

P-P-P model developed by Byrne (1991)

1. The presentation stage

� Teacher acts the informant

� Select material, prepare it and present it in a

meaningful way

� Students listen and comprehend new input



2.The practice stage

� Learners do the talking

� Learn to use the new language or skill in

controlled practice

�Teacher is the skillful conductor of an

orchestra



3. The Production Stage

�Teacher acts as the manager and guide

� Provide real life situations

�To develop language fluency

� Provide opportunity to use the language for

themselves and experience the language to

communicate for their personal purposes



Flexibility

� Stages not to be interpreted too literally

� Stages may overlap

� Stages may be divided into a few lessons ( purpose,

students needs and materials used)

Teachers need to balance the 3 stages:

Presentation and Practice stages- relevant for accuracy

with focus on learning.

Production stage- relevant for fluency where students use

the lan ua e in meanin ful and realistic situations



Activities to develop speaking skills

1. Information-gap activities

� Describe and draw

� Find the difference

� Complete it2. Mime

3. Communication games

3.1 Pair work

� Describe and draw

� Ask the right question

� Describe and arrange



Activities to develop speaking skills

3.2 Group work

� Deserted island

� Story completion

3.4 Role play

� Open ended dialogues

� Role instructions

� Scenario

3.5 Simulation

Documents

LTP Listening & Speaking