Lte Architecture Basic Explained

7/22/2019 Lte Architecture Basic Explained

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Introduction:

LTE (Long Term Evolution) or the E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access

Network), introduced in 3!! R", is the access #art o$ the Evolved !acket %&stem (E!%)'

The main reuirements $or the new access network are high s#ectral e$$icienc&, high #eak

data rates, short round tri# time as well as $lei*ilit& in $reuenc& and *andwidth'

LTE is #art o$ the %+ evolutionar& #ath $or mo*ile *road*and,

$ollowing EE,U+T%, %!A (%!A and %U!A com*ined) and %!A Evolution

(%!A.)' Although %!A and its evolution are strongl& #ositioned to *e the dominant

mo*ile data technolog& $or the net decade, the 3!! $amil& o$ standards must evolve

toward the $uture' %!A. will #rovide the ste##ing-stone to LTE $or man& o#erators'

The overall o*/ective $or LTE is to #rovide an etremel& high #er$ormance radio-access

technolog& that o$$ers $ull vehicular s#eed mo*ilit& and that can readil& coeist with %!A

and earlier networks' 0ecause o$ scala*le *andwidth, o#erators will *e a*le to easil& migrate

their networks and users $rom %!A to LTE over time'

LTE assumes a $ull 1nternet !rotocol (1!) network architecture and is designed to su##ort

voice in the #acket domain'

LTE is a standard $or wireless data communications technolog& and an evolution o$ the

%+2U+T% standards'

1t transits $rom the eisting U+T% circuit . #acket switching com*ined network, to an all-1!

$lat architecture s&stem'

---Evolution $rom %+ to LTE

Figure 1 Network Solutions from GSM to LTE

%+ was develo#ed to carr& real time services, in a circuit switched manner (*lue in $igure

), with data services onl& #ossi*le over a circuit switched modem connection, with ver& lowdata rates' The $irst ste# towards an 1! *ased #acket switched (green in $igure ) solution was

http://www.4gamericas.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page&sectionid=244







http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_switching

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching






http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_switching

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching




taken with the evolution o$ %+ to !R%, using the same air inter$ace and access method,

T+A (Time ivision +ulti#le Access)'

To reach higher data rates in U+T% (Universal +o*ile Terrestrial %&stem) a new access

technolog& 45+A (4ide*and 5ode ivision +ulti#le Access) was develo#ed' The access

network in U+T% emulates a circuit switched connection $or real time services and a #acketswitched connection $or datacom services (*lack in $igure )' 1n U+T% the 1! address is

allocated to the UE when a datacom service is esta*lished and released when the service is

released' 1ncoming datacom services are there$ore still rel&ing u#on the circuit switched core

$or #aging'

The Evolved !acket %&stem (E!%) is #urel& 1! *ased' 0oth real time services and datacom

services will *e carried *& the 1! #rotocol' The 1! address is allocated when the mo*ile is

switched on and released when switched o$$'

The new access solution, LTE, is *ased on 67+A (6rthogonal 7reuenc& ivision

+ulti#le Access) and in com*ination with higher order modulation (u# to 89:A+), large

*andwidths (u# to ;< +=) and s#atial multi#leing in the downlink (u# to 99) high datarates can *e achieved' The highest theoretical #eak data rate on the trans#ort channel is >?

+*#sin the u#link, and in the downlink, using s#atial multi#leing, the rate can *e as high as

3<< +*#s'

The LTE access network is sim#l& a network o$ *ase stations, evolved Node0 (eN0),

generating a $lat architecture ($igure ;)' There is no centrali=ed intelligent controller, and the

eN0s are normall& inter-connected viathe @;-inter$ace and towards the core network *& the

%-inter$ace ($igure ;)' The reason $or distri*uting the intelligence amongst the *ase-stations

in LTE is to s#eed u# the connection set-u# and reduce the time reuired $or a handover' 7or

an end-user the connection set-u# time $or a real time data session is in man& cases crucial,

es#eciall& in on-line gaming' The time $or a handover is essential $or real-time services where

end-users tend to end calls i$ the handover takes too long'

Figure 2. X2 nd S1 Interfces

Another advantage with the distri*uted solution is that the +A5 #rotocol la&er, which isres#onsi*le $or scheduling, is re#resented onl& in the UE and in the *ase station leading to



$ast communication and decisions *etween the eN0 and the UE' 1n U+T% the +A5

#rotocol, and scheduling, is located in the controller and when %!A was introduced an

additional +A5 su*-la&er, res#onsi*le $or %!A scheduling was added in the N0'

The scheduler is a ke& com#onent $or the achievement o$ a $ast ad/usted and e$$icientl&

utili=ed radio resource' The Transmission Time 1nterval (TT1) is set to onl& ms'

uring each TT1 the eN0 scheduler shall

B consider the #h&sical radio environment #er UE' The UEs re#ort their #erceived

radio ualit&, as an in#ut to the scheduler to decide which +odulation and 5oding scheme

to use' The solution relies on ra#id ada#tation to channel variations, em#lo&ing AR:

(&*rid Automatic Re#eat Reuest) with so$t-com*ining and rate ada#tation'

B #rioriti=e the :o% service reuirements amongst the UEs' LTE su##orts *oth dela&

sensitive real-time services as well as datacom services reuiring high data #eak rates'

B in$orm the UEs o$ allocated radio resources' The eN0 schedules the UEs *oth onthe downlink and on the u#link' 7or each UE scheduled in a TT1 the user data will *e

carried in a Trans#ort 0lock (T0)' L there can *e a maimum o$ two T0s generated #er

TT1 #er UE C i$ s#atial multi#leing is used' The T0 is delivered on a trans#ort channel'

1n LTE the num*er o$ channels is decreased com#are to U+T%' 7or the user #lane there

isonl& one shared trans#ort channel in each direction' The T0 sent on the channel, can

there$ore contain *its $rom a num*er o$ services, multi#leed together'

To achieve high radio s#ectral e$$icienc& as well as ena*le e$$icient scheduling in *oth

time and $reuenc& domain, a multicarrier a##roach $or multi#le access was chosen *&

3!!' 7or the downlink, 67+A (6rthogonal 7reuenc& ivision +ulti#le Access) was

selected and $or the u#link %5-7+A (%ingle 5arrier - 7reuenc& ivision +ulti#le

Access) also known as 7T (iscrete 7ourier Trans$orm) s#read 67+A ($igure 3)'

Figure ! "F#M$ nd S%&F#M$

67+ is a multicarrier technolog& su*dividing the availa*le *andwidth into a multitude o$

mutual orthogonal narrow*and su*carriers' 1n 67+A these su*carriers can *e shared

*etween multi#le users' The 67+A solution leads to high !eak-to-Average !ower Ratio

(!A!R) reuiring e#ensive #ower am#li$iers with high reuirements on linearit&, increasing

the #ower consum#tion $or the sender' This is no #ro*lem in the eN0, *ut would lead to ver&

e#ensive handsets' ence a di$$erent solution was selected $or the UL' As illustrated in

$igure 3, the %5-7+A solution generates a signal with single carrier characteristics, hence

with a low !A!R'

To ena*le #ossi*le de#lo&ment around the world, su##orting as man& regulator&



reuirements as #ossi*le, LTE is develo#ed $or a num*er o$ $reuenc& *ands C E-UTRA

o#erating *ands- currentl& ranging $rom ><< += u# to ;'>=' The availa*le *andwidths

are also $lei*le starting with '9 += u# to ;< +=' LTE is develo#ed to su##ort *oth the

time division du#le technolog& (T) as well as $reuenc& division du#le (7)' 1n R"

there are ? *ands s#eci$ied $or 7 and eight *ands $or TT' 1n RD $our *ands were added

$or 7' Also added in RD were $or eam#le +ultimedia 0roadcast +ulticast %ervice(+0+%), and ome eN0 (eN0), see $igure 9' +0+% is used to #rovide *roadcast

in$ormation to all users, $or eam#le advertisement, and multicast to a closed grou#

su*scri*ing to a s#eci$ic service, e'g' streaming T' eN0s are introducedmainl& to #rovide

coverage indoors, in homes or o$$ices'The eN0 is a low #ower eN0 that will *e used in

small cells C $emto cells' Normall& it will *e owned *& the customer, de#lo&ed without an&

network #lanning and connected to the o#erators E!5 (Ev



7igure 9 New in LTE RD a) +0+%, *) eN0'

LTE c'(ilities include:• ownlink #eak data rates u# to 3;8 +*#s with ;< += *andwidth

• U#link #eak data rates u# to "8'9 +*#s with ;< += *andwidth

• 6#eration in *oth T and 7 modes

• %cala*le *andwidth u# to ;< +=, covering '9 +=, 3 +=, ? +=, < +=, ?

+=, and ;< += in the stud& #hase

• 1ncreased s#ectral e$$icienc& over Release 8 %!A *& two to $our times

• Reduced latenc&, u# to < milliseconds (ms) round-tri# times *etween user eui#ment

and the *ase station, and to less than << ms transition times $rom inactive to active

LTE re)uirements

*ek dt rte

1nstantaneous downlink #eak data rate o$ << +*2s within a ;< += downlink

s#ectrum allocation (? *#s2=)

1nstantaneous u#link #eak data rate o$ ?< +*2s (;'? *#s2=) within a ;<+= u#link

s#ectrum allocation)

%ontrol&'lne ltenc+



Transition time o$ less than << ms $rom a cam#ed state, such as Release 8 1dle +ode,

to an active state such as Release 8 5ELLF5

Transition time o$ less than ?< ms *etween a dormant state such as Release 8

5ELLF!5 and an active state such as Release 8 5ELLF5

%ontrol&'lne c'cit+

At least ;<< users #er cell should *e su##orted in the active state $or s#ectrum

allocations u# to ? +=

,ser&'lne ltenc+

Less than ? ms in unload condition (i'e' single user with single data stream) $or small

1! #acket

,ser t-roug-'ut

ownlink average user through#ut #er +=, 3 to 9 times Release 8 %!A

U#link average user through#ut #er +=, ; to 3 times Release 8 Enhanced U#link

S'ectrum efficienc+

ownlink 1n a loaded network, target $or s#ectrum e$$icienc& (*its2sec2=2site), 3 to

9 times Release 8 %!A )

U#link 1n a loaded network, target $or s#ectrum e$$icienc& (*its2sec2=2site), ; to 3

times Release 8 Enhanced U#link

Mo(ilit+

E-UTRAN should *e o#timi=ed $or low mo*ile s#eed $rom < to ? km2h

igher mo*ile s#eed *etween ? and ;< km2h should *e su##orted with high

#er$ormance

+o*ilit& across the cellular network shall *e maintained at s#eeds $rom ;< km2h to

3?< km2h (or even u# to ?<< km2h de#ending on the $reuenc& *and)

%oerge

Through#ut, s#ectrum e$$icienc& and mo*ilit& targets a*ove should *e met $or ? kmcells, and with a slight degradation $or 3< km cells' 5ells range u# to << km should

not *e #recluded'

Furt-er En-nced Multimedi /rodcst Multicst Serice 0M/MS

4hile reducing terminal com#leit& same modulation, coding, multi#le access

a##roaches and UE *andwidth than $or unicast o#eration'

!rovision o$ simultaneous dedicated voice and +0+% services to the user'

Availa*le $or #aired and un#aired s#ectrum arrangements'

S'ectrum flei(ilit+



E-UTRA shall o#erate in s#ectrum allocations o$ di$$erent si=es, including ';? +=,

'8 +=, ;'? +=, ? +=, < +=, ? += and ;< += in *oth the u#link and

downlink' 6#eration in #aired and un#aired s#ectrum shall *e su##orted

The s&stem shall *e a*le to su##ort content deliver& over an aggregation o$ resources

including Radio 0and Resources (as well as #ower, ada#tive scheduling, etc) in the

same and di$$erent *ands, in *oth u#link and downlink and in *oth ad/acent and non-ad/acent channel arrangements' A GRadio 0and ResourceG is de$ined as all s#ectrum

availa*le to an o#erator

%o&eistence nd Inter&working wit- !G** 3dio $ccess Tec-nolog+ 03$T

5o-eistence in the same geogra#hical area and co-location with ERAN2UTRAN on

ad/acent channels'

E-UTRAN terminals su##orting also UTRAN and2or ERAN o#eration should *e

a*le to su##ort measurement o$, and handover $rom and to, *oth 3!! UTRAN and

3!! ERAN'

The interru#tion time during a handover o$ real-time services *etween E-UTRAN andUTRAN (or ERAN) should *e less than 3<< msec'

$rc-itecture nd migrtion

%ingle E-UTRAN architecture

The E-UTRAN architecture shall *e #acket *ased, although #rovision should *e made

to su##ort s&stems su##orting real-time and conversational class tra$$ic

E-UTRAN architecture shall minimi=e the #resence o$ Gsingle #oints o$ $ailureG

E-UTRAN architecture shall su##ort an end-to-end :o%

0ackhaul communication #rotocols should *e o#timised

3dio 3esource Mngement re)uirements

Enhanced su##ort $or end to end :o%

E$$icient su##ort $or transmission o$ higher la&ers

%u##ort o$ load sharing and #olic& management across di$$erent Radio Access

Technologies

%om'leit+

+inimi=e the num*er o$ o#tions No redundant mandator& $eatures

Multi'le&In'ut Multi'le&"ut'ut 0MIM":

+ulti#le-1n#ut +ulti#le-6ut#ut (+1+6) is an antenna technolog& C %ometimes called smart

antenna technolog& C that is used *oth in transmission and receiver eui#ment $or wireless radio

communication' +1+6 uses multi#le antennas to send multi#le #arallel signals ($rom

transmitter)'



+1+6 has *een variousl& de$ined as two or more uniue radio signals, in the same radio

channel, where each signal carries di$$erent digital in$ormation and2or two or more radio signals

which use *eam-$orming, receive com*ining, and s#atial multi#leing'



%ontent -ere -s (een directl+ dded from officil !g'' we(site

$rc-itecture:

The E-UTRAN consists o$ eN0s which are interconnected with each other *& the @;

inter$ace' Each eN0 is connected to the Evolved !acket 5ore (E!5) network *& the %

inter$ace' 6n the User !lane the % inter$ace terminates the %erving atewa& (%-4), on the

%ignalling !lane the % inter$ace terminates the +o*ilit& +anagement Entit& (++E)'TheeN0s are terminating #oints $or 5ontrol- and User !lane towards the UEs in the Evolved

UTRA'



eN/ Functions

The eN0 hosts the $ollowing $unctions

• 7unctions $or Radio Resource +anagement Radio 0earer 5ontrol, Radio Admission

5ontrol, 5onnection +o*ilit& 5ontrol, &namic allocation o$ resources to UEs in *othu#link and downlink (scheduling)

• 1! header com#ression and encr&#tion o$ user data stream

• %election o$ an ++E at UE attachment when no routing to an ++E can *e determined

$rom the in$ormation #rovided *& the UE

• Routing o$ User !lane data towards %erving atewa&

• %cheduling and transmission o$ #aging messages (originated $rom the ++E)

• %cheduling and transmission o$ *roadcast in$ormation (originated $rom the ++E or

6H+

• +easurement and measurement re#orting con$iguration $or mo*ilit& and scheduling



Functional Split between E-UTRAN and EPC

Generl 'rinci'les of t-e E&,T3$N $rc-itecture 0see TS !4.561

The general #rinci#les guiding the de$inition o$ E-UTRAN Architecture as well as the E-

UTRAN inter$aces are the $ollowing

• Logical se#aration o$ signalling and data trans#ort networks

• E-UTRAN and E!5 $unctions are $ull& se#arated $rom trans#ort $unctions' Addressing

scheme used in E-UTRAN and E!5 shall not *e tied to the addressing schemes o$trans#ort $unctions' The $act that some E-UTRAN or E!5 $unctions reside in the same

eui#ment as some trans#ort $unctions does not make the trans#ort $unctions #art o$ the

E-UTRAN or the E!5'

• +o*ilit& $or RR5 connection is $ull& controlled *& the E-UTRAN'

• 4hen de$ining the E-UTRAN inter$aces the $ollowing #rinci#les were $ollowed the

$unctional division across the inter$aces shall have as $ew o#tions as #ossi*le'

• 1nter$aces should *e *ased on a logical model o$ the entit& controlled through this

inter$ace'

• 6ne #h&sical network element can im#lement multi#le logical nodes'



T-e Eoled *cket %ore

The Evolved !acket 5ore (E!5) is the core network o$ the LTE s&stem' The E!5 is the latest

evolution o$ the 3!! core network architecture'

1n %+, the architecture relies on circuit-switching (5%)' This means that circuits are

esta*lished *etween the calling and called #arties throughout the telecommunication network

(radio, core network o$ the mo*ile o#erator, $ied network)' This circuit-switching mode can

*e seen as an evolution o$ the Gtwo cans and a stringG' 1n %+, all services are trans#orted

over circuit-switches tele#hon& #rinci#all&, *ut short messages (%+%) and some data is also

seen'

1n !R%, #acket-switching (!%) is added to the circuit-switching' 4ith this technolog&, data

is trans#orted in #ackets without the esta*lishment o$ dedicated circuits' This o$$ers more

$lei*ilit& and e$$icienc&' 1n !R%, the circuits still trans#ort voice and %+% (in most cases)'

There$ore, the core network is com#osed o$ two domains circuit and #acket'

1n U+T% (3), this dual-domain conce#t is ke#t on the core network side' %ome network

elements have evolved *ut the conce#t remains ver& similar'

4hen designing the evolution o$ the 3 s&stem, the 3!! communit& decided to use 1!

(1nternet !rotocol) as the ke& #rotocol to trans#ort all services' 1t was there$ore agreed that

the E!5 would not have a circuit-switched domain an&more and that the E!5 should *e an

evolution o$ the #acket-switched architecture used in !R%2U+T%'

This decision had conseuences on the architecture itsel$ *ut also on the wa& that the services

were #rovided' Traditional use o$ circuits to carr& voice and short messages needed to *e

re#laced *& 1!-*ased solutions in the long term'

$rc-itecture of t-e E*%

E!5 was $irst introduced *& 3!! in Release " o$ the standard'

1t was decided to have a G$lat architectureG' The idea is to handle the #a&load (the data tra$$ic)

e$$icientl& $rom #er$ormance and costs #ers#ective' 7ew network nodes are involved in the

handling o$ the tra$$ic and #rotocol conversion is avoided'

1t was also decided to se#arate the user data (also known as the user #lane) and the signalling

(also know as the control #lane) to make the scaling inde#endent' Thanks to this $unctional

s#lit, the o#erators can dimension and ada#t their network easil&'

7igure ; shows a ver& *asic architecture o$ the E!% when the User Eui#ment (UE) isconnected to the E!5 over E-UTRAN (LTE access network)' The Evolved Node0 (eNode0)



is the *ase station $or LTE radio' 1n this $igure, the E!5 is com#osed o$ $our network

elements the %erving atewa& (%erving 4), the !N atewa& (!N 4), the ++E and

the %%' The E!5 is connected to the eternal networks, which can include the 1!

+ultimedia 5ore Network %u*s&stem (1+%)'

7SS0asicall&, the %% ($or ome %u*scri*er %erver) is a data*ase that contains user-related and

su*scri*er-related in$ormation' 1t also #rovides su##ort $unctions in mo*ilit& management,

call and session setu#, user authentication and access authori=ation'

1t is *ased on the #re-3!! Release 9 - ome Location Register (LR) and Authentication

5entre (Au5)'

Sering G8

The gatewa&s (%erving 4 and !N 4) deal with the user #lane' The& trans#ort the 1!

data tra$$ic *etween the User Eui#ment (UE) and the eternal networks'

The %erving 4 is the #oint o$ interconnect *etween the radio-side and the E!5' As its name

indicates, this gatewa& serves the UE *& routing the incoming and outgoing 1! #ackets'

1t is the anchor #oint $or the intra-LTE mo*ilit& (i'e' in case o$ handover *etween eNode0s)

and *etween LTE and other 3!! accesses'

1t is logicall& connected to the other gatewa&, the !N 4'

*#N G8

The !N 4 is the #oint o$ interconnect *etween the E!5 and the eternal 1! networks'

These networks are called !N (!acket ata Network), hence the name' The !N 4

routes #ackets to and $rom the !Ns'

The !N 4 also #er$orms various $unctions such as 1! address 2 1! #re$i allocation or

#olic& control and charging'

3!! s#eci$ies these gatewa&s inde#endentl& *ut in #ractice the& ma& *e com*ined in a

single G*oG *& network vendors'

MME

The ++E ($or +o*ilit& +anagement Entit&) deals with the control #lane' 1t handles the

signalling related to mo*ilit& and securit& $or E-UTRAN access'

The ++E is res#onsi*le $or the tracking and the #aging o$ UE in idle-mode' 1t is the

termination #oint o$ the Non-Access %tratum (NA%)'



3dio Interfce:The $igure *elow shows the #rotocol stack $or the user-#lane, where !5!, RL5 and +A5

su*la&ers (terminated in eN0 on the network side) #er$orm header com#ression, ci#hering,scheduling, AR: and AR:'

,ser&'lne 'rotocol stck

The $igure *elow shows the #rotocol stack $or the control-#lane' The NA% control #rotocol is

mentioned $or in$ormation onl& and is #art o$ UE -E!5 communication' The !5! su*la&er

#er$orms e'g' ci#hering and integrit& #rotection, RL5 and +A5 su*la&ers #er$orm the same

$unctions as $or the user #lane' The RR5 #er$orms *roadcast, #aging, RR5 connection

management, Radio 0earer control, +o*ilit& $unctions, UE measurement re#orting and

control'

%ontrol&'lne 'rotocol stck

/nd $rrngement

E-UTRA is designed to o#erate in the $reuenc& *ands de$ined in ta*le *elow' The

reuirements are de$ined $or '9, 3, ?, <, ? and ;<+= *andwidth with a s#eci$ic

con$iguration in terms o$ num*er o$ resource *locks (8, ?, ;?, ?<, >? and << R0)'

The $igure *elow shows the relation *etween the total channel *andwidth, the transmission

*andwidth con$iguration i'e' the num*er o$ resource *locks'

The channel raster is <<I= (the center $reuenc& must *e a multi#le o$ <<I=)'



To su##ort transmission in #aired and un#aired s#ectrum, two du#le modes are su##orted

7reuenc& ivision u#le (7), su##orting $ull du#le and hal$ du#le o#eration, and

Time ivision u#le (T)'

Relation between Channel bandwidth and transmission bandwidth configuration

Trnsmission sc-eme

The multi#le access scheme $or the LTE #h&sical la&er is *ased on 6rthogonal 7reuenc&

ivision +ulti#le Access (67+) with a 5&clic !re$i (5!) in the downlink and a %ingle

5arrier 7reuenc& ivision +ulti#le Access (%5-7+A) with 5! in the u#link'

67+A techniue is #articularl& suited $or $reuenc& selective channel and high data rate' 1t

trans$orms a wide*and $reuenc& selective channel into a set o$ #arallel $lat $ading

narrow*and channels, thanks to 5!' This ideall&, allows the receiver to #er$orm a low

com#le euali=ation #rocess in $reuenc& domain, i'e' ta# scalar euali=ation'

The *ase*and signal re#resenting a downlink #h&sical channel is de$ined in terms o$ the

$ollowing ste#s

• scram*ling o$ coded *its in each o$ the code words to *e transmitted on a #h&sical

channel

• modulation o$ scram*led *its to generate com#le-valued modulation s&m*ols

• ma##ing o$ the com#le-valued modulation s&m*ols onto one or several transmission

la&ers

• #recoding o$ the com#le-valued modulation s&m*ols on each la&er $or transmission on

the antenna #orts

• ma##ing o$ com#le-valued modulation s&m*ols $or each antenna #ort to resource

elements

• generation o$ com#le-valued time-domain 67+ signal $or each antenna #ort

The *ase*and signal re#resenting the #h&sical u#link shared channel is de$ined in terms o$

the $ollowing ste#s, as shown in the *elow $igure



• scram*ling

• modulation o$ scram*led *its to generate com#le-valued s&m*ols

• trans$orm #recoding to generate com#le-valued s&m*ols

• ma##ing o$ com#le-valued s&m*ols to resource elements

•

generation o$ com#le-valued time-domain %5-7+A signal $or each antenna #ort

,'link '-+sicl c-nnel 'rocessing

3F 3elted 3e)uirements

1n T% 38'< and T% 38'<9 di$$erent reuirements can *e $ound $or the R7' 1n #articular the

$ollowing classi$ication can *e done'

7or the UE transmitter, reuirements are given $or the $ollowing uantities

• Transmit signal ualit& (Error ector +agnitude (E+))J

• +aimum 6ut#ut !ower (+6!), +aimum !ower Reduction (+!R), 6ut#ut #owerd&namicsJ

• 6ut#ut R7 s#ectrum emission (6ccu#ied *andwidth, s#ectrum emission mask' 6ut o$

*and emission, Ad/acent 5arrier Leakage Ratio (A5LR), s#urious emission)J

• Transmit intermodulation'

7or the UE receiver, reuirements are given $or the $ollowing uantities

• Re$erence sensitivit& #ower level

• +aimum 1n#ut level

•

Ad/acent 5hannel sensitivit&• 0locking characteristic

• %#urious res#onse

• 1nter-modulation characteristics

• %#urious emissions'

7or the 0% transmitter, reuirements are given $or the $ollowing uantities

• 0ase station out#ut #ower and out#ut #ower d&namics, Transmit 6N2677 #owerJ

• Transmitted signal ualit&, E+ and $reuenc& errorJ

•Unwanted emissions (occu#ied *andwidth, A5LR, 6#erating *and unwanted emissions,transmitter s#urious emissions )J



• Transmitter intermodulation'

7or the 0% receiver, reuirements are given $or the $ollowing uantities

• Re$erence sensitivit& levelJ

• &namic rangeJ

• 1n-channel selectivit&, Ad/acent 5hannel %electivit& (A5%), *locking and narrow *and

*lockingJ

• Receiver s#urious emissionsJ

• Receiver intermodulation'

1n E-UTRA, the varia*le *andwidth o$ the s&stem #resents a s#ecial #ro*lem in the de$inition

o$ the R7 reuirementsJ there ma& *e the need to de$ine some #arameters as man& times as

there are *andwidth modes' %#ecial attention has *een given also to the coeistence issue,

since LTE has to coeist with all the other alread& eisting s&stems'

eN"#E/:

Gome Node0 and ome eNode0G re$er to the de#lo&ment as small UTRA and E-UTRA

cells, res#ectivel&, in domestic, small o$$ice and similar environments' The ome Node

02eNode0 interconnects with the 3 core 2 Evolved !acket 5ore (E!5) over a $ied

*road*and (e'g' %L, 5a*le, etc') access network'

Although man& o$ the eisting service reuirements $or Node0 and eNode0 access a##l&

euall& to ome Node02eNode0, additional service reuirements ma& also *e needed to

address e'g' securit&, ualit&, charging and access restrictions resulting $rom the envisaged

de#lo&ment scenarios' 1t is e#ected that ome Node0 and ome eNode0 will have

common reuirements'

As there are ongoing trials o$ ome Node0s using non-standardi=ed solutions, this work

develo#s common and, when needed, s#eci$ic reuirements $or *oth ome Node02eNode0

access s&stems' The derived reuirements su##ort related ongoing work in other 3!! T%s'

1nitial work $ocussed on reviewing this to#ic, drawing u#on the work on %oL%A, with a view

to identi$&ing modi$ications to eisting s#eci$ications'

5onsideration was given to service reuirements $or e'g'

• ome Node0 UTRA access to 3 servicesJ

• ome eNode0 E-UTRA access to Evolved !acket %&stem servicesJ

• %u##ort $or 5losed %u*scri*er rou#s (5%)J

• %u##ort o$ Emergenc& 5allsJ• 6A+ 1ssuesJ



• Locali=ation o$ ome Node02eNode0 to com#l& with Radiocommunications license

conditionsJ

• Locali=ation o$ ome Node02eNode0 to com#l& with Emergenc& call reuirementsJ

• Authentication o$ ome Node02eNode0'

%ervice reuirements $or *oth UTRA an E-UTRA access $or ome Node02eNode0 take into

account access ca#a*ilities and #ossi*le limitations e'g' :o% and *andwidth restrictions'

!articular attention was given to the o#eration o$ the eui#ment in accordance with the

licence granted to the !L+N o#erator'

++1-As#ects - the need $or #ossi*le de#lo&ment reuirements (e'g' #lugH#la&) and remote

con$iguration *& the !L+N o#erator, and degree o$ control a##ro#riate $or the user o$ the

ome Node 02eNode0 were considered'

5onsideration was given to di$$erential charging $or di$$erent classes o$ su*scri*er e'g' the

owner o$ the ome Node02eNode0 and authori=ed Kvisiting guest su*scri*ers'

Documents

Lte Architecture Basic Explained