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Lower Skeletal System
Locations
• Spine – Sacrum• Hand – Carpals, Metacarpals,and
Phalanges• Pelvic girdle - Ilium, Pubis and Ischium.• Leg - Femur, Tibia, Patella and Fibula• Foot - Tarsals, Metatarsals and Phalanges.
Spine – Sacrum
• The sacrum is a large triangular bone at the base of the lower spine. The sacrum is a strong bone and rarely fractures
Hand - Carpals, Phalanges
• The skeleton of the wrist consists of eight small "carpal bones" that are firmly bound in two rows of four bones each.
• The phalanges are the small bones that make up the skeleton of the fingers, thumb and toes. Each finger and smaller toe has three phalanges; the thumb and big toe each have two.
Pelvic girdle - Ilium, Pubis, Ischium.
• The ilium is the uppermost and largest and consists of a wide, flattened plate with a long curved ridge along its border. The pubis is the smallest pelvic bone. It extends forward from the ischium and around to the pubis symphysis, where it is joined to the other pubic bone by a tough, fibrous tissue. These three bones meet to form a cup-shaped cavity that make up the socket of the hip joint.
Leg - Femur, Tibia
• The "femur" is the thigh bone, the longest bone in the body. The lower end joins the tibia (shin) to form the knee joint. The upper end is rounded into a ball (or "head" of the femur) that fits into a socket in the pelvis to form the hip joint. The neck of the femur gives the hip joint a wide range of movement, but it is a point of weakness and a common site of fracture.
Leg- Patella, Fibula
• The fibula is the long, slender bone beside the tibia. The fibula is the outer and thinner of the two long bones of the lower leg. Its main function is to provide attachment for muscles. It doesn't give much support or strength to the leg. The patella is the knee cap.
Foot - Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
• The ankle is composed of seven "tarsal bones," forming a group called the tarsus
• The instep is made up of five, stretched out metatarsal bones that join the tarsus (the seven ankle bones). The distant heads of these bones form the ball of the foot. The tarsals and metatarsals are arranged and bound by ligaments to form the arches of the foot.
• The phalanges are the small bones that make up the skeleton of the fingers, thumb and toes. Each finger and smaller toe has three phalanges; the thumb and big toe each have two.
